<!-- set is RePEc:ags:gazdal -->
<!-- set_dir is RePEc/ags/gazdal-->
<OAI-PMH xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/
         http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/OAI-PMH.xsd">
  <responseDate>2010-07-31T11:02:16Z</responseDate>
<request verb="ListRecords" set="RePEc:ags:gazdal" metadataPrefix="amf" >http://oai.repec.openlib.org/oai.php</request>
<ListRecords>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:58909</identifier><datestamp>2010-04-13</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:58909">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>VENTURE CAPITAL AND THE INCUBATION OF SMALL ENTERPRISES</title>
  <abstract>The present paper has reviewed the potential interpretations of the incubation process and examined in detail the basic types of corporate incubators having an increasing role in everyday practice together with the main objectives of the different types. We have also mapped how the different types of enterprises can join the incubation process and highlighted that for-profit organisations can also play a significant role within financing solutions. We made an attempt to prove that Ã¢Â€Â“ under adequate conditions Ã¢Â€Â“ the cooperation of private capital and incubators is suitable for creating a bridge over the equity and knowledge gap, which means that such co-operations can also have significant economic development effects. Incubators operating on such bases can support small and medium-sized enterprises not only by offering financial and professional help. Experience has shown that the incubation process can be "naturally accompaniedÃ¢Â€Â by the initiation of a networking process, the advantages of which can also be used by the companies participating in incubation. After examining the special features related to the operation of corporate incubators Ã¢Â€Â“which served to set the logical frames of the analysis Ã¢Â€Â“ we studied in detail what role the state can assume in such type of incubation. Following some theoretical considerations and an analysis of successful and failed practical examples we reached the conclusion that governmental interventions Ã¢Â€Âžcan have their placeÃ¢Â€Â in this process. Since there are various different ways for the development of incubators, the types of roles taken by the state can also differ. A model was developed in which we summarized potential governmental strategies, also discussing the possible effects on the players of the incubation industry. We are convinced that the analysis of this highly new and dynamically developing area may also lead to conclusions that can be applied in practice and the recognition of defined rules and laws may contribute to the improvement of the national practice.</abstract>
  <keywords>business incubation, corporate business incubation, knowledge and capital gap, V2C (venture to capital), Community/Rural/Urban Development, Financial Economics,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>19</issue>
   <issuedate>2008</issuedate>
   <volume>51</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/58909</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Bajmoczy, Zoltan</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Kosztopulosz, Andreasz</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Imreh, Szabolcs</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:58914</identifier><datestamp>2010-04-13</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:58914">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION INTEGRATION IN THE COUNTRIES OF THE EU Ã¢Â€Â“ THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PRINCIPLES FOR ENHANCING THE PARTICIPATION</title>
  <abstract>Public administration has been influencing society and individual citizens (or just "peopleÃ¢Â€Â) since its beginning. In the theoretical or rhetorical as well as practical level, administrative activities were exercised in the way that can be described by principles in the most general (abstract) level. In relation to the values of democracy, the principles that may enhance the participation Ã¢Â€Â“ it means the democratic character Ã¢Â€Â“ of decision/policy making should be stressed. Although they may be explicit or implicit part of constitutional document, there practice is often very young and therefore it may be insufficient. The utilization of foreign top-down and bottom-up experience and Ã¢Â€Â“ particularly with regards to the European integration Ã¢Â€Â“ the cross-boarder cooperation and benchmarking in this field must be underlined. The paper outlined the theoretical and practical directions.</abstract>
  <keywords>public administration, European integration, DEMO-net, Czech Republic, Political Economy,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>19</issue>
   <issuedate>2008</issuedate>
   <volume>51</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/58914</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Spacek, David</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:58916</identifier><datestamp>2010-04-13</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:58916">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NEW CAPITAL REQUIREMENT DIRECTIVE IN HUNGARIAN BANKS</title>
  <abstract>The key conclusions were that the new rules will in general reduce capital requirements for EU credit institutions by around 5% compared to present levels. Furthermore, the outcomes for the different approaches are in line with objectives particularly combining capital neutrality with appropriate incentives for institutions to move towards more sophisticated approaches. Finally, smaller domestic credit institutions adopting the simple approach will face slightly reduced capital charges; larger internationally active credit institutions adopting the more advanced approach will face substantially unchanged capital charges; smaller but specialised and sophisticated EU credit institutions adopting the advanced approach might face substantially lower capital requirements than at present. Importantly, the main source of reduction in capital requirements is the Ã¢Â€Â˜retailÃ¢Â€Â™ portfolio, which is mostly composed of loans to Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) below EUR 1 million and residential mortgage loans. The new operational risk capital charge is the main source of offset of this decrease in capital requirements for credit institutions. In addition, at the request of the Barcelona European Council the Commission commissioned a study on the consequences of the draft proposed new capital requirements for credit institutions and investment firms in the EU. The final report, prepared by Pricewaterhouse-Coopers, is positive about the impact (with only two areas of criticism investment firms and venture capital - both of which have been addressed in the CommissionÃ¢Â€Â™s proposals). The key conclusions are that the new capital requirements framework should be positive for the EU, and for prudential regulation in the EU. EU credit institutionsÃ¢Â€Â™ capital requirements should decrease by Ã‚Â± 5% (Ã¢Â‚Â¬ 90 billion) and translate into an annual increase in profits of Ã‚Â± Ã¢Â‚Â¬ 10-12 billion. There is no disadvantage for smaller credit institutions and no indication that the new regime will force mergers or consolidation. The decision to cover all credit institutions in the directive will not put EU firms at a competitive disadvantage, nor is the US decision to apply only advanced approaches to some 20 big credit institutions a significant competitive factor. Implementation costs for EU credit institutions are not solely driven by Basel II and many of these investments (perhaps as high as 80%) would have happened anyway, although over a longer period. Importantly, there will be no negative impact on the availability and cost of finance for SMEs in most EU Member States (Ã¢Â€Â˜procyclicalityÃ¢Â€Â™ effects are less Ã¢Â€Â“ and less damaging Ã¢Â€Â“ than the present rules). The macro-economic effects of Basel II on the EU-economy are small Ã¢Â€Â“ there could be a benign supply-side shock to the economy reducing the cost of capital to firms and generating an increase of 0.07% in EU GDP. In general the new capital framework will reduce the banking systemÃ¢Â€Â™s vulnerability through greater awareness of risk, improved risk management, and a more efficient allocation of capital should have beneficial long-run consequences for the EU economy. It is very important for a financial institution in an EU country to begin the preparation for CRD in time. One of the key decision is to choose a method planned to use. It is important to know a voluntary return to the Standardised or Foundation Approach shall be permitted only in extraordinary circumstances and shall be approved by the competent authority. The more sophisticated methods are more expensive. But with more sophisticated methods there is a lower equity requirement commonly. So before the financial institutions make decisions for methods, they have to calculate as follows: Additional cost of a method Ã¢Â‰Â¤ Profit of that additional business activity which can be done with the additionally available equity.</abstract>
  <keywords>Basel Committee, Basel Capital Accord, Capital Adequacy Framework, Capital Requirement Directive, CRD, Financial Economics, International Development,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>19</issue>
   <issuedate>2008</issuedate>
   <volume>51</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/58916</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Hegedus, Gyula</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:58932</identifier><datestamp>2010-04-13</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:58932">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>CORPORATE INTERNALIZATION OF SUSTAINABILITY REQUIREMENTS</title>
  <abstract>Sustainability has become the boiling point of theoretical business discussions. At first it was only a concept everybody was talking about but no one knew how it should be materialized. Now we can understand how and why companies are inclined to follow the principle. This gives the policy makers and other stakeholders the tools to alter market conditions in ways that more and more companies accept the requirements of sustainability. Several levels of sustain-ability have been identified and now the discussion is shifting towards achieving a common ground how to measure sustainability. Since sustainability is such a broad concept and it is very dependant on the factors of the given industry the analyzed company is operating in, two major ways to measure the companiesÃ¢Â€Â™ performance were identified: Ã¢Â€Â¢ One way, which is propagated by Barrett, is to look at the values the company internalized. Ã¢Â€Â¢ The other way is to try to define a commonly accepted framework of requirements and then apply this framework to measure the performance of the specific company. The future will tell which method will be embraced but my bet is on the one which offers clear-cut, easy-to-understand, and easy-to-implement solutions to companies.</abstract>
  <keywords>sustainability, value internalization, Environmental Economics and Policy, Financial Economics, Public Economics,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>19</issue>
   <issuedate>2008</issuedate>
   <volume>51</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/58932</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Ransburg, Beatrix</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:58918</identifier><datestamp>2010-04-13</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:58918">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>EMIGRATIONAL INCLINATION - STAYING OR LEAVING Ã¢Â€Â“ FREE MIGRATION POSSIBILITIES AND TENDENCIES IN B. A. Z. COUNTY</title>
  <abstract>In this recent study we would like to show how migration affects in Borsod-AbaÃƒÂºj-ZemplÃƒÂ©n County, which components it has, what differences are there between gross and net emigrational inclination, what measures have been done by the ones who are determined to leave Hungary in expectations of a foreign job. A 375-element-sample was taken and had been appraised in order to measure the net emigration, the emigrational network and so the emigrational shell.</abstract>
  <keywords>migration, motivational factors, emigrational network, Labor and Human Capital,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>19</issue>
   <issuedate>2008</issuedate>
   <volume>51</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/58918</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Dabasi-Halasz, Zsuzsanna</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Kasa, Richard</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:58928</identifier><datestamp>2010-04-13</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:58928">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>DATA MINING BASED MODEL AGGREGATION</title>
  <abstract>Applying modelling techniques for getting acquainted with customer behaviour, predicting the customersÃ¢Â€Â™ next step is neccessary to keep in competition, by decreasing the capital requirement (Basel II - IRB) or making the portfolio more profitable. According to the easily implementable modelling techniques, data mining solutions widespread in practice. Using these models with no conditions can lead into inconsistent future on portfolio change. Consequence of this situation, contradictory predictions and conclusions come into existence. Recognizing and conscious handling of inconsistent predictions is an important task for experts working on different scene of the knowledge based economy and society. By realizing and solving the problem of inconsistency in modelling processes, the competitive advantage can be increased and strategic decisions can be supported by consistent predictions.</abstract>
  <keywords>model aggregation, consistent future, data mining, CRM, Basel II, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>19</issue>
   <issuedate>2008</issuedate>
   <volume>51</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/58928</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Szucs, Imre</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:58911</identifier><datestamp>2010-04-13</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:58911">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP AND GAME THEORY</title>
  <abstract>Due to a lot of entities engaged in PPP, such as government (central state or local) authority or a government-owned enterprise, project sponsors, construction companies, providers of necessary equipment, plant operators, insurers, etc., they must to co-operate one another. This co-operation in some cases could be examining as a game. The better understanding of PPP games can decrease costs and potential losses. Because of relatively short time of functioning of PPP we should carefully prescribe obligations and rights of every partner and think about PPP as a co-operation, not rivalry.</abstract>
  <keywords>public-private partnership, co-operation, game theory, Institutional and Behavioral Economics, International Development,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>19</issue>
   <issuedate>2008</issuedate>
   <volume>51</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/58911</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Kargol, Aneta</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Sokol, Ewa</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:58905</identifier><datestamp>2010-04-13</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:58905">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES OF POLISH ORGANIC SECTOR IN LIGHT OF CO-EXISTANCE BETWEEN GMO AND NON-GM PRODUCTS</title>
  <abstract>The perfect segregation of the different agricultural production types, namely conventional, organic or based on genetically modified organisms is not possible in practice. But the side by side functioning of this systems in agricultural production and further on of the products on the shelves requires suitable measures during cultivation, harvest, transport, storage, and processing to ensure co-existence. Consumers, food and feed industry, as well as wholesalers and retailers in European Union, including Polish ones demand a reasonable degree of choice between GMO and non-GMO derived products. Accordingly the ability to maintain different agricultural production and processing systems is a pre-requisite for providing a high degree of consumer choice. As the organic production grows in Poland and on other hand there is observed increase of the GMO importance in food and feed chains the rivalry between organic and GMO sector rises and the competition between products coming from this sectors is increasing on the market too. What are then, the advantages of organic sector that qualifies them over GMO competitors and might constitute as a basis for the competitive strategy? This is the perception of organic products by the consumers, which is much favorable comparing to GMO. Then the developing organic sector increases the availability of organic products and forces the competition to provide products meeting consumers requirements. Finally low capital requirements, subsidies and opportunities for market increase gives organic sector in Poland an unique advantage to expand not only domestically but also abroad. A key factor in the competitive strategy of the organic sector should be therefore the broad information about the advantages of organic nutrition. The advertising and sale forces, which are elements of the communication with the consumers, would be appreciable contributors to organic sectorÃ¢Â€Â™s development, and accordingly threat to GMO products. In this context the co-existance brings the biggest results to the economic and market issues, placing the consumer attitude as a key factor for development of the market competitive advantages, especially for organic sector in Poland.</abstract>
  <keywords>organic agriculture, competitive advantage, coexistance, GMO, Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, Farm Management,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>19</issue>
   <issuedate>2008</issuedate>
   <volume>51</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/58905</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Maciejczak, Mariusz</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:58926</identifier><datestamp>2010-04-13</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:58926">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL OF THE COMMUNITY OF LUBELSZCZYZNA REGION Ã¢Â€Â“ HUMAN INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL ACCORDING TO THE PILOT SURVEY</title>
  <abstract>The new approach to measurement of IC of community was presented. In the conceptualization of the problem it was proposed to treat the IC as a latent construct that is measured via directly observable proxies. The results presented are the final obtained after having discarded some variables due to their lack of fit to the estimated models. It is worth mentioning that such a situation concerned only two constructs Ã¢Â€Â“ the most complex one Ã¢Â€Â“ activity, and orientation on self-education. The reason in the former case was its complexity and in the latter Ã¢Â€Â“ the variable the expenses on education despite highly correlated with willingness to update knowledge, professional skills, take part in workshops (P3) was not significant and therefore discarded. Nonetheless CFA performed provided proofs that the conceptualization was quite good as all observable variables loaded strongly to the factors where they were expected to load. All fit indices, despite not always at the maximum level, were acceptable given the small sample size. The most stipulations concerned the activity factor but it was understandable as this construct was the most complex. Finally, it is important to stress that this model is not and cannot be the only one proper and possible. This is the very first one conceptualized for Lubelszczyzna region and in the future it will be re-formulated but do so more research and thus more time and data is needed.</abstract>
  <keywords>intellectual capital of region, human intellectual capital, peopleÃ¢Â€Â™s intellectual potential, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Labor and Human Capital,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>19</issue>
   <issuedate>2008</issuedate>
   <volume>51</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/58926</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Weziak, Dorota</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:58930</identifier><datestamp>2010-04-13</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:58930">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>INNOVATION AS THE KEY OF THE PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANIESÃ¢Â€Â™ COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE</title>
  <abstract>Pharmaceutical industry belongs to the most innovative branches in Hungary. However as a consequence of increasing development costs and the strong competition on the market the means of gaining competitive advantage has become a focal point of the pharmaceutical companiesÃ¢Â€Â™ strategy. Economic performance is highly dependent on research and knowledge and economic success is determined how companies are able to apply this knowledge and skills so how flourishing the product or technological development becomes. Only those branches and companies will gain competitive advantage that are able to compete on knowledge and technology. Since science and technology are considered to be the most important source of economic development, it contributes to the more effective restructuring and increased productivity.</abstract>
  <keywords>innovation, research and development, competitiveness, pharmaceutical industry, International Development,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>19</issue>
   <issuedate>2008</issuedate>
   <volume>51</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/58930</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Lanyi, Beatrix</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:58931</identifier><datestamp>2010-04-13</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:58931">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>THE ROLE OF RESORT PLANNING IN SUSTAINING TOURIST DESTINATION IMAGE</title>
  <abstract>The environmental quality is recognized to be an important factor while making decisions upon the destination to visit. The image of the resort will likely to be more realistic but also complex after the touristsÃ¢Â€Â™ visit. The complex image of the resort, where the tourist has about after visiting it, is crucial for creating loyalty and also word of mouth advertising. Therefore, if the tourists visiting the resort are to complain then the intermediaries will likely to reduce the tourism activities through that resort or the tourism activities will turn into a more hotel facility based activity. Resort planning is a continous process and defines the systemized and controlled development of the resort. Resort planning can be implemented in an actual resort or a new developing resort. The increasing importance of sustain-ability in the tourism industry emerged the need for resort planning. ItÃ¢Â€Â™s important to emphasize that planning needs to be upgraded through the environmental and market changes. As it is a continous process the factors included in must be strict in the short run and flexible in the long run due to the changes. Resorts, generally subject to seasonal tourism activities, should have a positive image through many aspects in order to attract tourists and try to sustain it by the time. Resort planning is essential in order to shape the future and the image of the resort destination. In addition the satisfaction of the tourist will be retained if the tourist believes that they are getting high value from the destination considering their travel expenses. It is the destination image that will determine the future of the destination. Because the resort experience is intangible the competition among the resort destinations is determined by the image of each resort.</abstract>
  <keywords>tourism, planning, destination, resort, image, Agribusiness, Community/Rural/Urban Development,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>19</issue>
   <issuedate>2008</issuedate>
   <volume>51</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/58931</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Ozdemir, Gocke</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:58925</identifier><datestamp>2010-04-13</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:58925">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>IMPLICATION OF THE INFORMATIC KNOWLEDGE</title>
  <abstract>The contemporary education process is necessary tied to information-technology and to Informatic. By using the Internet as source and as knowledgeÃ¢Â€Â™s transmission modality one modifies the learning parameters. From the quantitative point of view, the Informatic increases the education process efficiency. From the qualitative point of view, the Informatic imposes a change of the education paradigm. The Informatic determines status modifications for the purveyor and for the beneficiary of the knowledge. The Informatic modifies the psychosocial characteristics of the knowledge process too. Using the Internet supposes the assumption of at least two levels reality. A more than one level reality representation agrees with the quantum mechanics and with relativity theory. Such reality representation is pertinent as contemporary knowledge paradigm.</abstract>
  <keywords>informatisation, learning, paradigm, Labor and Human Capital, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>19</issue>
   <issuedate>2008</issuedate>
   <volume>51</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/58925</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Sorea, Daniella</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:58915</identifier><datestamp>2010-04-13</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:58915">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>ROMANIA AND BULGARIA ON THE WAY OF INTEGRATION Ã¢Â€Â“ INVESTMENTS ASPECTS</title>
  <abstract>The present study as well as the studies produced by UNCTAD, United Nations Economic Commission for Europe1 and other institutions, reveal certain characteristics of the FDI flows in the transition countries from Central and South-Eastern Europe, applicable for Romania and Bulgaria, too: - These flows grow faster than the world average. - The FDI per capita is low compared to the values in Western Europe (2000-3000 USD) and USA (about 1800 USD). - There is a linear correlation between GDP per capita in the transition countries and the FDI level. - The main sectors initially targeted by foreign investors were the industrial sector (40-60%) and the trade sector (12-25%). - About 25% of FDI in the transition countries come from Hungary, Poland, Czech Republic and Russia. In addition to the above mentioned facts, the characteristics mentioned in the present study add to the picture we tried to present in RomaniaÃ¢Â€Â™s and BulgariaÃ¢Â€Â™s case; these countries largely featured an identical evolution, no significant differences were found between them; these countries missed the start of economic transformations in early 1990s, but are trying to make up for the losses at the beginning of this new millennium, while also benefiting from a more favorable international conjuncture. The general framework for FDI attraction, of which the legal framework is a part, although now created by all CEECs, was either not completed or it was affected by instability and subordinated to political struggles, personal or group interests. Neither the institutional framework was mostly adequate and efficient in most CEECs, so that the foreign investment flows were mainly directed to three countries: Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic. The foreign investors had a negative reaction to those countries in which political instability was manifested, which resulted in social and economic instability, often remembered in EU Country Reports. The drawbacks and frequent modification of legislation, corruption and bureaucracy have been the main disturbing factors. To sum up, it can be stated that the present development stage for most CEECs is far from the EU level in all the economic sectors. Only the five countries from CE (Poland, Hungary, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia) are closer to the EU parameters; the countries from SEE are far from completing the accession requirements. The large gaps already existing between the countries from CE and SEE would be bridged up only by an aggressive policy, of attracting foreign investors by the SEE countries with a faster rate than that in the CE, in those activity sectors that are interesting for investors; after that, by a Ã¢Â€Âždomino effectÃ¢Â€Â, other sectors less attractive or with a higher risk level would be included in the international financial flows (e.g. agriculture). Romania and Bulgaria were generally avoided by the significant world investment flows. It is obvious that we are at fault. Only in recent years an acceleration of the investment attractiveness was experienced, with certain strategic privatizations, with largely yearly FDI inflows, with the elaboration of certain special lows for the important foreign investors; this is mostly beneficial and encouraging for the economy and it will be reflected in the future economic growth, while the economic revigoration will be possible. However, with all these positive signals and future hopes, a question still persists, namely: isnÃ¢Â€Â™t this start too late, is there time for bridging up the gaps or will these countries continue to remain in the future, too "second hand countries among the second hand European countriesÃ¢Â€Â?</abstract>
  <keywords>FDI, GDP, transition countries, Investment Matrix, Agribusiness, Agricultural and Food Policy,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>19</issue>
   <issuedate>2008</issuedate>
   <volume>51</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/58915</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Voicilas, Dan Marius</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:58927</identifier><datestamp>2010-04-13</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:58927">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>TEXT CATEGORIZATION USING ONLY FRAGMENTS OF DOCUMENTS</title>
  <abstract>In this paper we presented a lot of experiments that examine how the particular parts of the documents do contribute to the performance of a classifier. We evaluated text classifiers on two very different text corpora. We conclude that some parts of the text are more important from the point of text classification performance. Giving higher weights to more important parts can increase the performance of the classifier. The question, that which parts are more or less important depends on the nature of the documents in the corpora. Some tasks that remains to be done: Ã¢ÂˆÂ’ More text corpora should be investigated. Ã¢ÂˆÂ’ In section 6.4 we optimized the number of features to be kept independent from the section. However, it could be optimized for each section. Ã¢ÂˆÂ’ Splitting the documents into parts of 50 words, to examine what if the parts are of equal size not only inside a document, but among the documents too. Ã¢ÂˆÂ’ When splitting documents into k equal parts, we may combine the classifiers resulted from different k values.</abstract>
  <keywords>machine learning, text categorization, classifier ensembles, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>19</issue>
   <issuedate>2008</issuedate>
   <volume>51</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/58927</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Pilaszy, Istvan</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Dobrowiecki, Tadeusz</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:58910</identifier><datestamp>2010-04-13</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:58910">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>MODIFICATION OF THE CONCEPT OF COMPETITIVENESS WITH SPECIAL REGARD TO THE DEMAND EMERGING NOWDAYS ON COOPERATION</title>
  <abstract>What is the activating force that organizes economic affairs? The social side of human nature means that competition alone is not sufficient because competition is the expression of human individuality. Cooperation, which gives expression to human sociality, is the other one. Reality provides many examples indicating that people are more cooperative than is assumed in the standard self-interest model. In the last twenty years the academic view has changed about whether we should compete or cooperate for the higher competitiveness. In the eighties they supported the opinion that the competition is the only way to achieve success in business. Later on the argument started on competition vs. cooperation, and they realized that in some situation the competition, while in others the cooperation is efficient. In the same period the two definitions have changed as well. Different writers defined competition and cooperation variously according to their researchÃ¢Â€Â™ approach. The study examined competition and cooperation separately, but there exist a new notion, according to which different independent partners can cooperate and compete at the same time with each other. So the opposite approaches can be fused, that is coopetition. Coopetition is a very popular solution for the present complex problems. But according to the everyday people it is not sure, that "working with the enemyÃ¢Â€Â can run.</abstract>
  <keywords>competitiveness, cooperation, Institutional and Behavioral Economics, International Relations/Trade,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>19</issue>
   <issuedate>2008</issuedate>
   <volume>51</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/58910</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Hurta, Hilda</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:58897</identifier><datestamp>2010-04-13</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:58897">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>Az ÃƒÂ©lelmezÃƒÂ©s-, energia- ÃƒÂ©s kÃƒÂ¶rnyezetbiztonsÃƒÂ¡g ÃƒÂ¶sszefÃƒÂ¼ggÃƒÂ©sei</title>
  <abstract>A 2006/2007. gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi ÃƒÂ©vtÃ…Â‘l a legtÃƒÂ¶bb mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi termÃƒÂ©k ÃƒÂ¡ra gyors emelkedÃƒÂ©snek indult ÃƒÂ©s rekordokat dÃƒÂ¶ntÃƒÂ¶tt. A FAO ÃƒÂ©lelmiszerÃƒÂ¡r-indexe 2006 januÃƒÂ¡rja ÃƒÂ©s 2008 januÃƒÂ¡rja kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶tt tÃƒÂ¶bb mint 60 szÃƒÂ¡zalÃƒÂ©kkal emelkedett. ÃƒÂrkilengÃƒÂ©sek persze korÃƒÂ¡bban is elÃ…Â‘fordultak, de a legutÃƒÂ³bbi ÃƒÂ¡rsokkot azonban szÃƒÂ¡mos tÃƒÂ©nyezÃ…Â‘ egyÃƒÂ¼ttesen idÃƒÂ©zte elÃ…Â‘. Ezek felsorolÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡nÃƒÂ¡l elsÃ…Â‘ helyen emlÃƒÂ­thetÃ…Â‘ a vilÃƒÂ¡g gabona- ÃƒÂ©s olajosmagkÃƒÂ©szleteinek megcsappanÃƒÂ¡sa: a FÃƒÂ¶ld ÃƒÂ©lelmiszermÃƒÂ©rlege ÃƒÂ©vtizedek ÃƒÂ³ta nem mutatott ilyen szÃ…Â±kÃƒÂ¶s tartalÃƒÂ©kokat. Ehhez egyÃƒÂ©rtelmÃ…Â±en hozzÃƒÂ¡jÃƒÂ¡rult a rÃƒÂ¶vidlÃƒÂ¡tÃƒÂ³ gazdasÃƒÂ¡gpolitika is. Ugyanakkor a mÃƒÂ©dia hajlamos az ÃƒÂ©lelmiszerÃƒÂ¡rak ugrÃƒÂ¡sszerÃ…Â± nÃƒÂ¶vekedÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©t inkÃƒÂ¡bb a feltÃƒÂ¶rekvÃ…Â‘ gazdasÃƒÂ¡gok (pl. KÃƒÂ­na ÃƒÂ©s India) ÃƒÂ©lelmiszer-fogyasztÃƒÂ¡si szerkezete ÃƒÂ¡talakulÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡nak ÃƒÂ©s a bioÃƒÂ¼zemanyag-gyÃƒÂ¡rtÃƒÂ¡s nÃƒÂ¶vekvÃ…Â‘ nyersanyag-felhasznÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡nak tulajdonÃƒÂ­tani. Az ÃƒÂ©lelmiszerÃƒÂ¡r-sokkot kivÃƒÂ¡ltÃƒÂ³ tÃƒÂ©nyezÃ…Â‘ket hÃƒÂ¡rom csoportba soroltuk: 1. A mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi termelÃƒÂ©st ÃƒÂ©s kereskedelmet befolyÃƒÂ¡solÃƒÂ³ ÃƒÂ¶kolÃƒÂ³giai ÃƒÂ©s biolÃƒÂ³giai termÃƒÂ©szetÃ…Â± tÃƒÂ©nyezÃ…Â‘k. 2. MakrogazdasÃƒÂ¡gi kÃƒÂ¶rnyezetre hatÃƒÂ³ tÃƒÂ©nyezÃ…Â‘k (nÃƒÂ©pessÃƒÂ©g ÃƒÂ©s fogyasztÃƒÂ³i jÃƒÂ¶vedelmek nÃƒÂ¶vekedÃƒÂ©se, kÃ…Â‘olaj vilÃƒÂ¡gpiaci ÃƒÂ¡rÃƒÂ¡nak drasztikus emelkedÃƒÂ©se stb.). 3. AgrÃƒÂ¡r- ÃƒÂ©s kereskedelempolitikai tÃƒÂ©nyezÃ…Â‘k (kereskedelemkorlÃƒÂ¡tozÃƒÂ³ intÃƒÂ©zkedÃƒÂ©sek, reformok, bioÃƒÂ¼zemanyag-gyÃƒÂ¡rtÃƒÂ¡s ÃƒÂ¶sztÃƒÂ¶nzÃƒÂ©se stb.). A vizsgÃƒÂ¡lt tÃƒÂ©nyezÃ…Â‘k egy rÃƒÂ©sze rÃƒÂ¶videbb, a mÃƒÂ¡sik hosszabb tÃƒÂ¡von fejti ki hatÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡t. MÃƒÂ­g pl. a termelÃƒÂ©s visszaesÃƒÂ©se a vezetÃ…Â‘ agrÃƒÂ¡rtermelÃ…Â‘ ÃƒÂ©s -exportÃ…Â‘r orszÃƒÂ¡gokban inkÃƒÂ¡bb csak ÃƒÂ©ven belÃƒÂ¼l (ciklikusan) befolyÃƒÂ¡solja a piacokat, egyes makrogazdasÃƒÂ¡gi tÃƒÂ©nyezÃ…Â‘k sokÃƒÂ©ves idÃ…Â‘szakon ÃƒÂ¡tÃƒÂ­velÃ…Â‘ strukturÃƒÂ¡lis vÃƒÂ¡ltozÃƒÂ¡sokat idÃƒÂ©znek elÃ…Â‘. A ciklikus kilengÃƒÂ©sek ÃƒÂ©s a fundamentÃƒÂ¡lis szerkezeti vÃƒÂ¡ltozÃƒÂ¡sok Ã¢Â€Âžkellemetlen mellÃƒÂ©khatÃƒÂ¡saiÃ¢Â€Â csillapÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡nak, a piacok stabilizÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡nak egyik eszkÃƒÂ¶ze a biotechnolÃƒÂ³gia alkalmazÃƒÂ¡sa. Az EurÃƒÂ³pai UniÃƒÂ³ban nem engedÃƒÂ©lyezett GMO-k vÃƒÂ©letlenszerÃ…Â± elÃ…Â‘fordulÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡ra zÃƒÂ©rustolerancia vonatkozik, fÃƒÂ¼ggetlenÃƒÂ¼l attÃƒÂ³l, hogy ezek forgalmazÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡t bÃƒÂ¡rmely harmadik orszÃƒÂ¡gban mÃƒÂ¡r engedÃƒÂ©lyeztÃƒÂ©k. Az EU engedÃƒÂ©lyezÃƒÂ©si gyakorlata lÃƒÂ©nyegesen eltÃƒÂ©r a harmadik orszÃƒÂ¡gokÃƒÂ©tÃƒÂ³l Ã¢Â€Â“ kÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¶nÃƒÂ¶sen az eljÃƒÂ¡rÃƒÂ¡s idÃ…Â‘hossza tekintetÃƒÂ©ben. MÃƒÂ­g a KÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶ssÃƒÂ©gben a procedÃƒÂºra gyakran hÃƒÂ¡rom ÃƒÂ©vig is elhÃƒÂºzÃƒÂ³dik, addig pl. az USA mindÃƒÂ¶ssze 15 hÃƒÂ³nap alatt zÃƒÂ¶ld lÃƒÂ¡mpÃƒÂ¡t ad egy-egy ÃƒÂºj GM vonal kÃƒÂ¶ztermesztÃƒÂ©si bevezetÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©nek. Az engedÃƒÂ©lyezÃƒÂ©s harmonizÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³jÃƒÂ¡nak hiÃƒÂ¡nya oda vezetett, hogy mÃƒÂ­g egy-egy GM termÃƒÂ©ny termelÃƒÂ©se, forgalmazÃƒÂ¡sa, felhasznÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ¡sa a vilÃƒÂ¡g szÃƒÂ¡mos orszÃƒÂ¡gÃƒÂ¡ban engedÃƒÂ©lyezett, az EurÃƒÂ³pai UniÃƒÂ³ban tilos. A nem engedÃƒÂ©lyezett GM termÃƒÂ©nyekkel szembeni zÃƒÂ©rustolerancia komolyan hat a jelenben ÃƒÂ©s a jÃƒÂ¶vÃ…Â‘ben is az EU szÃƒÂ³jabab, kukorica, illetve ezek szÃƒÂ¡rmazÃƒÂ©kos termÃƒÂ©kei (szÃƒÂ³jadara, kukoricaglutÃƒÂ©n-takarmÃƒÂ¡ny, DDGS) behozatalÃƒÂ¡ra. Ugyanis a KÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶ssÃƒÂ©g ÃƒÂ©vtizedek ÃƒÂ³ta kÃƒÂ©ptelen sajÃƒÂ¡t termelÃƒÂ©sbÃ…Â‘l kielÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ­teni a magas fehÃƒÂ©rjetartalmÃƒÂº takarmÃƒÂ¡nyok irÃƒÂ¡nti belsÃ…Â‘ igÃƒÂ©nyÃƒÂ©t, azok tÃƒÂºlnyomÃƒÂ³ rÃƒÂ©sze DÃƒÂ©lÃƒÂ©s ÃƒÂ‰szak-AmerikÃƒÂ¡bÃƒÂ³l ÃƒÂ©rkezik, ahol az exportÃ…Â‘r orszÃƒÂ¡gok mÃƒÂ¡r szÃƒÂ¡mottevÃ…Â‘ arÃƒÂ¡nyban termelnek gÃƒÂ©ntechnolÃƒÂ³giÃƒÂ¡val mÃƒÂ³dosÃƒÂ­tott szÃƒÂ³jababot, repcÃƒÂ©t ÃƒÂ©s kukoricÃƒÂ¡t. A jÃƒÂ¶vÃ…Â‘ben szÃƒÂ¡mos ÃƒÂºj GM nÃƒÂ¶vÃƒÂ©ny piaci bevezetÃƒÂ©se vÃƒÂ¡rhatÃƒÂ³. A mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi termelÃƒÂ©s tovÃƒÂ¡bbra is a jelenleg hasznosÃƒÂ­tott fÃƒÂ¶ldterÃƒÂ¼leteken ÃƒÂ¶sszpontosul, ahol a termelÃƒÂ©kenysÃƒÂ©g nÃƒÂ¶velÃƒÂ©se az elsÃ…Â‘dleges cÃƒÂ©l. Ez elkerÃƒÂ¼lhetetlenÃƒÂ¼l elÃ…Â‘tÃƒÂ©rbe helyezi a biotechnolÃƒÂ³gia alkalmazÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡t. A vilÃƒÂ¡g mind tÃƒÂ¶bb orszÃƒÂ¡gÃƒÂ¡ban fognak GM nÃƒÂ¶vÃƒÂ©nyeket termeszteni fÃƒÂ¼ggetlenÃƒÂ¼l attÃƒÂ³l, hogy az EurÃƒÂ³pai UniÃƒÂ³ milyen gyorsan, illetve egyÃƒÂ¡ltalÃƒÂ¡n engedÃƒÂ©lyezi azokat vagy sem. Az is nyilvÃƒÂ¡nvalÃƒÂ³, hogy a KÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶ssÃƒÂ©g nem kÃƒÂ©pes csÃƒÂ¶kkenteni fÃƒÂ¼ggÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©t a mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi nyersanyagimporttÃƒÂ³l. Az EU tehÃƒÂ¡t kÃƒÂ©t lehetÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©ggel ÃƒÂ¡ll szemben: vagy elfogadja az ÃƒÂ©lelmiszer-kibocsÃƒÂ¡tÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡nak visszaesÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©t ÃƒÂ©s az import (kÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¶nÃƒÂ¶sen hÃƒÂºsfÃƒÂ©lÃƒÂ©kbÃ…Â‘l) nÃƒÂ¶vekedÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©t, vagy tudomÃƒÂ¡sul veszi a nemzetkÃƒÂ¶zi piac vÃƒÂ¡ltozÃƒÂ¡sait, ÃƒÂ©s ennek veti alÃƒÂ¡ a GM nÃƒÂ¶vÃƒÂ©nyek politikai ÃƒÂ©s emocionÃƒÂ¡lis motivÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³ktÃƒÂ³l sem mentes engedÃƒÂ©lyezÃƒÂ©si eljÃƒÂ¡rÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡t a szigorÃƒÂº kockÃƒÂ¡zatbecslÃƒÂ©s ÃƒÂ©rvÃƒÂ©nyesÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©se mellett. Az ÃƒÂ©lelmiszer-, energia- ÃƒÂ©s a kÃƒÂ¶rnyezetbiztonsÃƒÂ¡g egyensÃƒÂºlyÃƒÂ¡nak megteremtÃƒÂ©se fontos feladat az EU-ban. A megfelelÃ…Â‘ prioritÃƒÂ¡si sorrend felÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sa vita tÃƒÂ¡rgya a tagorszÃƒÂ¡gokban, mert ennek vÃƒÂ©geredmÃƒÂ©nye dÃƒÂ¶nti el a jelenlegi agrÃƒÂ¡rtÃƒÂ¡mogatÃƒÂ¡si rendszer tovÃƒÂ¡bbi reformjait. Ez azÃƒÂ©rt is fontos, mert a fÃƒÂ¶ldhasznÃƒÂ¡latÃƒÂ©rt folyÃƒÂ³ verseny tovÃƒÂ¡bb ÃƒÂ©lezÃ…Â‘dik, ugyanis a fÃƒÂ¶ldterÃƒÂ¼letÃƒÂ©rt (vÃƒÂ­zfelhasznÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ©rt) az ÃƒÂ©lelmiszeripar versenyez a takarmÃƒÂ¡ny-, energia- ÃƒÂ©s vegyiparral (lebomlÃƒÂ³ csomagolÃƒÂ³anyag-gyÃƒÂ¡rtÃƒÂ¡s), tovÃƒÂ¡bbÃƒÂ¡ a kÃƒÂ¶rnyezetvÃƒÂ©delem, a biodiverzitÃƒÂ¡s ÃƒÂ©s a rekreÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³ is egyre inkÃƒÂ¡bb felÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©keli a termÃ…Â‘fÃƒÂ¶ldet. Az ÃƒÂ©lelmezÃƒÂ©s-, energia- ÃƒÂ©s kÃƒÂ¶rnyezetbiztonsÃƒÂ¡g prioritÃƒÂ¡si sorrendje komoly mÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kben befolyÃƒÂ¡solja a KÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶s AgrÃƒÂ¡rpolitika (KAP) pÃƒÂ©nzÃƒÂ¼gyi keretÃƒÂ©nek meghatÃƒÂ¡rozÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡t a 2013-2020 kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶tti idÃ…Â‘szakra. -------------------------- Since the commercial year of 2006/2007 the price of most agricultural products began to rise and broke record levels. The food-price index of FAO between January 2006 and January 2008 increased by more than 60%. Variations in prices did occur before but the latest price shocks were caused by a number of factors acting concurrently. Of these the depletion of the worldÃ¢Â€Â™s corn and oil-seed supply takes possibly no.1 position: the balance sheet of EarthÃ¢Â€Â™s food supply has not shown such little reserves for decades. Short-sighted economic policies inevitably contributed to the present situation. At the same time the international media tends to lay the blame on the transformation of food consumption in some developing economics (e.g. China and India) and on increased use of agricultural crops for bio-fuel productions. We can divide the factors causing the price shock into three categories: 1. Factors of ecological and biological nature affecting agriculture and trade. 2. Factors affecting the macro-economic environment (increases in population and consumersÃ¢Â€Â™ income, drastic increases in world oil prices, etc). 3. Factors arising from agricultural and commercial policies (trade limiting measures, reforms, incentives for bio-fuel production, etc). Some of the examined factors bring about change on short term, whereas others on long term. While decline in production of leading agricultural producers and exporters may affect markets over a period of a single year (cyclically), some macro-economic factors may bring about structural changes that span over many years. The application of bio-technology is one of the tools for alleviating the Ã¢Â€Âœunpleasant side-effectsÃ¢Â€Â of cyclical oscillations and fundamental structural alterations for stabilizing the markets. The random occurrence of GMOÃ¢Â€Â™s banned by the European Union displays zero tolerance in spite of the fact that their distribution is allowed in any other third country. The practice of EU licensing procedure differs significantly from that of a third country especially in terms of time. While the procedure of EU licensing may often take three years, the procedure in the US for example can be completed within 15 months showing the green light to cultivation of a new GM line. The lack of common licensing procedure leads to a situation where the production, distribution and use of some GM crops are allowed in a number of different countries in the world whereas they are banned in the European Union. Zero tolerance of banned GM products will seriously affect both at present and in the future the imports of GM soya and maize and their derivatives (soya groats, maize gluten feed, DDGS) into the EU. This is a concern because the European Community has been for many years unable to satisfy her internal demand of high protein fodder from own resources, much of it is imported from South and North America, where a considerable fraction of exporting countries produce soya, rape and maize manipulated by gene technology. In future a number of new GM products are expected to be introduced into the EU markets. Agricultural production will still be concentrated on land used at present where increase in productivity is the primary task. This places unavoidably the emphasis on the application of bio-technology. GM crops will be produced in an increasing number of countries throughout the world whether or not the European Union will or will not license their marketing. It is also evident that the community is unable to reduce her dependence on imports of agricultural row materials. Therefore the EU faces two possibilities: either she accepts reductions of internal food supply and increases of food imports (especially meat products) or accepts the changes in international markets and subjects her politically and emotionally not unmotivated licensing procedures to this situation while maintaining strict risk assessment. The creation of a balance between food, energy and environment security is an important task in the EU. The appropriate listing of priorities is a controversial subject in member countries, because that is what determines future reforms of the present system of agricultural supports. But this is important also because the food industry has to compete for land (water resource) usage with the fodder, energy and chemical industries (manufacture of degradable wrapping material) and the demands of environmental protection, biodiversity and recreation puts further value on arable land. The list of priorities for food, energy and environment security seriously affects the finance of the common agricultural policy (CAP) for the period of 2013-2020.</abstract>
  <keywords>ÃƒÂ©lelmiszerÃƒÂ¡rak, fogyasztÃƒÂ¡si struktÃƒÂºra, bioÃƒÂ¼zemanyag-gyÃƒÂ¡rtÃƒÂ¡s, GM nÃƒÂ¶vÃƒÂ©nyek, agrÃƒÂ¡rpolitika, food prices, structure of consumption, manufacture of bio-fuels, GM crops, agricultural politics, Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, Land Economics/Use,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>6</issue>
   <issuedate>2008</issuedate>
   <volume>52</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/58897</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Popp, Jozsef</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Potori, Norbert</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:58924</identifier><datestamp>2010-04-13</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:58924">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>STUDY ABOUT THE ROMANIAN HIGHER EDUCATION GRADUATEÃ¢Â€Â™S PERCEPTION OVER THE QUALITY OF THIS PROCESS</title>
  <abstract>Based on the results from this study our conclusions refer to the following ideas: The economic degree still is the first choice for enrollment in the higher education. Students believe that a diploma achieved in a economic faculty could help them in finding a good job. The competition in labor force market increasing and give advantages to employers in attracting good capacities and knowledge. Students believe that a work experience along the period of higher education process could be a good start for being employed. The most important weaknesses identified by graduates are: tools and methods of teaching process and the content of textbooks or study materials. The students appreciate as important for higher education system the novelty of the knowledge share in the process and the practical characteristics of the its. The graduates are satisfied by the novelty level of the knowledge and information share but the examination model and practical characteristics seems to be inappropriate. In conclusion the Romanian higher education has to apply the reform started in this sector not only with regulation and curricula changes but also with the opportunities offer to the staff in order to become professionals in teaching and forming activities. This could improve the quality of the education process because the general attitude of people is to place in the center of the educational systems, responsible for the good performance of the students, the professor.</abstract>
  <keywords>higher education, globalization, perception, employment market, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Labor and Human Capital,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>19</issue>
   <issuedate>2008</issuedate>
   <volume>51</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/58924</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Negrusa, Adina</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Cosma, Smaranda</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:58920</identifier><datestamp>2010-04-13</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:58920">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>REGIONAL PROGRESS OF THE LISBON STRATEGY OBJECTIVES IN THE EUROPEAN REGION</title>
  <abstract>As it is clear from the foregoing, the countries/country groups analyzed by education, R&amp;D and labor market characteristics show a rather mixed picture. There is a lot more work to do at community, regional and national levels. This is true not only for the member states but also for the candidate countries. Cluster 1 and Cluster 2 proceed well on the road towards achieving the objectives of more and better jobs, full employment and social cohesion. These are open countries and most of them do not hinder the free flow of persons regarding the citizens of the new member states. As to competitiveness, these countries are among the best not only in Europe but also in the world. The best example for using synergies is the Scandinavian cooperation in the form of the Nordic Council (Cluster 1). Within this regional partnership arrangement (which even has its own parliament and budget) the member states cooperate in more than 25 topics, covering also the employment-education fields. The difference from the average is not so great in the case of education financing but it is rather substantial in R&amp;D support. The new member states, the cohesion countries and the candidate countries must significantly increase the current level and encourage the business sector through enterprise-friendly policies in order for the support from the business sector to reach the desired 2/3 level. The resulting impacts will be visible also in the correlation between employment, unemployment, economic activity and long-term unemployment. It is a particularly important issue in Poland, Malta, Italy, Hungary and Greece. It should be acknowledged that the progress is rather difficult with regard to community-level arrangements. It is enough to mention the progress of the strategy during the first five years, or the fact that the European Commission to give new dynamics to it in 2005. The process is progressing well at the level of resolutions. Although the member states have prepared their national programs, they contain rather heterogeneous issues and targets. Considering only the R&amp;D expenditures and the relevant target deadlines, the various countries wish to reach the following rates by 2010: Malta 0.75%, Cyprus 1.0%, Greece 1.5%, Poland 1.65%, Slovakia and Hungary 1.8%. Ireland and the United Kingdom set 2013-2014 as a deadline for reaching the desired rates. As a next step, the European Commission will urge the prime ministers and heads of state to make the necessary commitments within the framework of the European Council and will provide support for each member state. What is more, the Commission would use the Cohesion Fund, together with other EU tools, to finance the objectives of growth and employment. However, the support of the European Council and Parliament will also be required for the achievement of all these targets. Naturally, there are many other aspects of the Lisbon strategy apart from the human one. Still, the human aspect forms the basis given that it is man who creates things. The economic and environmental pillars of the strategy are designed in such a manner that the common development efforts based on synergies will be indispensable not only within each pillar but also among the various pillars. After all, 2010 is not that far from today.</abstract>
  <keywords>Lisbon strategy, mobility factor, education-employment factor, human resources, Labor and Human Capital,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>19</issue>
   <issuedate>2008</issuedate>
   <volume>51</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/58920</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Egri, Zoltan</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Tanczos, Tamas</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:58929</identifier><datestamp>2010-04-13</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:58929">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>POSSIBILITIES FOR REDUCING HEALTH RISKS IN FOOD RETAIL</title>
  <abstract>Managers of organic food stores Ã¢Â€Â“ as regarding the influence on health Ã¢Â€Â“ see reliable origin to be the most important criterion during their product selecting decision making process. In the case of traditional foods they find additive artificial materials and GMOs significant among health risks, in the case of organic foods they think that significant problems arise from the shortness of the "best beforeÃ¢Â€Â period. Dangers coming from the market orientation are judged to be more serious in the case of traditional foods than in the case of organic foods. It is in connection with the mentality with that during their product selecting decision making they emphasize factors connected to safety (eg.: reliable origin) more than market considerations (eg.: fast circulation or it is included in the choice of the competitors). Healthy foods are expected to have a reliable origin, too. In connection with the reliable origin of the products I could throw light on the contradiction that they regard the reliability of producers and sellers important, at the same time the place of origin has little influence on how safe they regard a particular product. 50% of the shopmanagers looking for products with a reliable origin judge Hungarian foods to be safe, 19% of them judge import, 34% of them judge regional products to be safe. Based on these results I find it needed to make a research that gives the possibility to examine the profiles of differentiated products based on their places of origin, in respect of thier influence on health and their risk factors. In the case of imported products it would be crucial to make difference between products coming from more and coming from less developed countries than our country. In the case of organic foods it is especially reasonable because the major part of their choice is products from abroad, that come from West-Europe (mostly from Germany and Austria), but more and more cheaper eastern organic foods appear in their portfolio (eg.: Romanian). During checking the hypothesis it could be seen that the risks of food safety were sensed in the whole process of production by shop managers. But with their behaviour to reduce risk factors they want to filter the factors of inner ingredients (eg.: artificial additives, GMOs) that directly endanger health, and they do not pay attention to indirect sources of danger (eg.: place of origin). For this reason I think it is needed to analyze the supply chain of organic foods getting into the market from the point of view of safety, so that not only risks coming from inner ingredients are supported. This would provide a starting point for the managers of organic food stores to minimalize the whole circle of risk factors.</abstract>
  <keywords>organic food, food retail, perception of risks, Agribusiness, Environmental Economics and Policy, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>19</issue>
   <issuedate>2008</issuedate>
   <volume>51</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/58929</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Furedi-Kovacs, Annamaria</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:58919</identifier><datestamp>2010-06-15</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:58919">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>THE LINK BETWEEN EDUCATION AND THE STATE OF THE LABOUR MARKET IN HUNGARY</title>
  <abstract>Education became one of the largest sub-system of modern societies in the past century. The role of education is no longer interpreted only as the conveyor of culture, knowledge and values, but it is also attributed a significant role in its contribution to economic development and the promotion of social integration. The development of the theory of the human capital is associated with Theodore W. Schulz. According to his presumptions, the people make investments through education and training that increase their ability to produce, their productivity and thus the market value of their work. There have different explanations created to justify the contribution of education to economic development. The most significant from among them are as follows: education has got a direct impact of increasing productivity (theory of the human capital); employees of higher qualification levels participate in non-the-job further training courses in higher proportions, which also increases productivity; investment in the human capital is an alternative of consumption, as educational expenses are not usually covered from savings.</abstract>
  <keywords>labour market, education, unemployment, possibility of employment, Labor and Human Capital,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>19</issue>
   <issuedate>2008</issuedate>
   <volume>51</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/58919</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Cseh-Papp, Imola</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:58609</identifier><datestamp>2010-06-15</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:58609">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>VitÃƒÂ¡zÃƒÂ³ gondolatok Gazdag LÃƒÂ¡szlÃƒÂ³: Az agrÃƒÂ¡rgazdasÃƒÂ¡g ÃƒÂ©s az Ã¢Â€ÂžerÃ…Â‘sÃ¢Â€Â forint cÃƒÂ­mÃ…Â± cikkÃƒÂ©hez</title>
  <abstract>Az ÃƒÂ¡rszÃƒÂ­nvonal-stabilitÃƒÂ¡s csak egyike az alapvetÃ…Â‘ gazdasÃƒÂ¡gpolitikai cÃƒÂ©lkitÃ…Â±zÃƒÂ©seknek, amely konfl iktusos viszonyban ÃƒÂ¡ll egy mÃƒÂ¡sik kulcsfontossÃƒÂ¡gÃƒÂº cÃƒÂ©llal, a magas szintÃ…Â± foglalkoztatottsÃƒÂ¡ggal. EzÃƒÂ©rt nagyon kÃƒÂ¶rÃƒÂ¼ltekintÃ…Â‘en szÃƒÂ¼ksÃƒÂ©ges meghatÃƒÂ¡rozni a dezinfl ÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³s politika szerepÃƒÂ©t ÃƒÂ©s az alkalmazott eszkÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶ket. ------------------------- Stability of price level is only one of major policy goals and contrasts with another key policy goal, namely employment. Therefore it is necessary to define role of deflation policy and to select its means circumspectedly.</abstract>
  <keywords>gazdasÃƒÂ¡gpolitikai cÃƒÂ©lok, cÃƒÂ©lkonfl iktus, a forint tÃƒÂºlÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©keltsÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©nek kÃƒÂ¶vetkezmÃƒÂ©nyei, economic policy goals, conflicts of goals, consequences of appreciation, Agricultural and Food Policy, Agricultural Finance,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>6</issue>
   <issuedate>2008</issuedate>
   <volume>52</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/58609</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Kovacs, Gabor</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:58903</identifier><datestamp>2010-06-15</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:58903">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>THE ROLE OF THE TECHNICAL IMPROVEMENT IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE HUNGARIAN AGRICULTURE</title>
  <abstract>In our research work we have read the domestic and the international professional literature. Based on them and our research work we defined the agricultural technical improvement. The main tasks of the technical improvement of the agriculture in the future are the following: Ã¢Â—Â Application of the biotechnological achievements. Ã¢Â—Â Improvement of the environment saving technologies, assurance of the maintainable development of the agriculture, by retaining the production bases Ã¢Â€Â“ the soil, the biological environment, and the work power of the agricultural workers. Ã¢Â—Â Adaptation of the precision plant cultivation systems. Ã¢Â—Â The universal objective of the agrarian-technical improvements is to provide technical base for the maintainable agricultural production. It requires the development of such production technologies, which protect the environment and the landscape, the soil and water reserves, ensure the quality of the product and the economy of the production. Ã¢Â—Â The development of a coherent system of the electronics, informational technique and automation, the construction of the information network of the agriculture and the transfer of the connected knowledge. The engine of the technical improvement is the continuous investment and the introduction of the new achievements of science as fast as possible. Without investments there is no technical improvement on the merits, but at the same time the investments lead to a proper technical improvement if it is based on a proper economy developing strategy, and if it is coupled with a technical developer and organizer activity. During our researches it was proved that: Ã¢Â—Â In the analysed time period, in the case of the examined sectors was a great difference between the areaÃ¢Â€Â™s productivities. Ã¢Â—Â To measure the partial effectiveness of the production factors the CobbÃ¢Â€Â“Douglas-type production function is good for the examination of the importance of the production factors in the case of a proper data base. The key of promoting the advance is the economical acceleration of the technical progress. The non-recognition of the rate or the characteristics of the technical progress, its improper explanation may lead to great losses. Due to the special importance of the rate of the technical improvement, we need to pay special attention to all circumstances and factors, which boost the technical improvement, make the approach of the world standard possible and the catch-up with its progress. Therefore, we need to take advantage of all opportunities, which are available for us due to our membership in the European Union.</abstract>
  <keywords>the measuring of the technical-economical progress, mechanization, technical development, Agribusiness, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>19</issue>
   <issuedate>2008</issuedate>
   <volume>51</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/58903</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Kesmarky-Gally-Erdei, Szilvia</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Szucs, Istvan</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:58901</identifier><datestamp>2010-06-15</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:58901">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>DETERMINE THE KEY FACTORS OF THE AGRARIAN ECONOMIC GROWTH IN THE 21TH CENTURY IN HUNGARY</title>
  <abstract>Economic growth is the top economic and political priority of world leaders. Countries with significant rate of development are higher ranked and serve as models for the developing countries and for the economies in transition. As an EU member, Hungary needs to close up the gap also in case of the agriculture. After analysing the period 1994-2004 the major factor among supports influencing growth is investment subsidies ahead of current flow supports such as Supports to reduce the cost of agricultural production. Irrespective of the alternating periods, the gradients established in the statistical analyses and the results from the study of elasticity along the period justify one of the basic tenets of modern economics: in order to achieve the bigger growth, the funds in the form of investments have multiple effects compared to current flow subsidies. In other words, support for the agricultural sector is more effective in the form of investments. Growth formulas for the agricultural sector might be possible with several different approaches and methods; the ones presented in this study are sketches of some of the alternatives. The aim of the research was to identify tendencies and factors that characterise and justify changes in the sector. In the future, agricultural models could arrive at conclusions with well-founded practical implications, which could set agriculture on a path of growth once again. The analysis of the data in the coming years, including the next study of the impact of EU membership, could trace the importance and impact of the factors. Reflecting on the way to the future, investments will continue to have a decisive effect on growth in agriculture. Agricultural output cannot be kept up successfully with the present infrastructure. In order to catch up with the average of the sector in the EU, growth in the GDP through improving efficiency and productivity would be essential, as the present stagnation is due to the low levels in these factors. In order to achieve this aim of increasing the effectiveness, several improvements are necessary: better technology, more favourable basis of production, advances in agrotechnology, hygiene and crop protection, as well as the concentration of land. These aspects should be the priorities for investments and projects. Furthermore, better infrastructure, transportation capacities, maintenance, information and data exchange are necessary for increased efficiency. This direction can be seen in case of 2005 and 2006 and suppose to be continued. As a member of the EU, Hungary faces a fiercer competition in the market, and further being left behind in the field of agriculture has a negative effect on the economy overall.</abstract>
  <keywords>economic growth, agriculture, influence, subsidy, EU, Agribusiness, Agricultural and Food Policy,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>19</issue>
   <issuedate>2008</issuedate>
   <volume>51</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/58901</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Czarl, Adrienn</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:54295</identifier><datestamp>2009-12-15</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:54295">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>MAGÃƒÂNERDÃ…Â-GAZDÃƒÂLKODÃƒÂS AZ AGRÃƒÂR VÃƒÂLLALKOZÃƒÂSOKBAN</title>
  <abstract>Az ÃƒÂºj Nemzeti ErdÃ…Â‘stratÃƒÂ©giÃƒÂ¡ban megfogalmazott erdÃ…Â‘telepÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©si elÃ…Â‘irÃƒÂ¡nyzatok sikere alapvetÃ…Â‘en a fÃƒÂ¶ldtulajdonosok dÃƒÂ¶ntÃƒÂ©seitÃ…Â‘l fÃƒÂ¼gg, mivel ÃƒÂºj erdÃ…Â‘k gyakorlati-lag csak a jelenlegi mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi mÃ…Â±velÃƒÂ©si ÃƒÂ¡gba sorolt magÃƒÂ¡ntulajdonban lÃƒÂ©vÃ…Â‘ fÃƒÂ¶ldterÃƒÂ¼leteken telepÃƒÂ­thetÃ…Â‘k. VizsgÃƒÂ¡latunk alapjÃƒÂ¡n megÃƒÂ¡llapÃƒÂ­thatÃƒÂ³, hogy Nyugat-DunÃƒÂ¡ntÃƒÂºlon azoknak a gazdÃƒÂ¡knak a kÃƒÂ¶rÃƒÂ©ben, akik Ã¢Â€Â“ a nÃƒÂ¶vÃƒÂ©nytermesztÃƒÂ©s ÃƒÂ©s az ÃƒÂ¡l-lattenyÃƒÂ©sztÃƒÂ©s mellett Ã¢Â€Â“ mÃƒÂ¡r ma is rendelkeznek erdÃ…Â‘terÃƒÂ¼letekkel, viszonylag so-kan lennÃƒÂ©nek hajlandÃƒÂ³ak ÃƒÂºjabb erdÃ…Â‘ket telepÃƒÂ­teni gyenge minÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©gÃ…Â± szÃƒÂ¡ntÃƒÂ³- ÃƒÂ©s gyepterÃƒÂ¼leteiken. VÃƒÂ©gsÃ…Â‘ elhatÃƒÂ¡rozÃƒÂ¡sukat azonban a tÃƒÂ¡mogatÃƒÂ¡sok alakulÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡tÃƒÂ³l te-szik fÃƒÂ¼ggÃ…Â‘vÃƒÂ©. Azt vÃƒÂ¡rjÃƒÂ¡k, hogy a telepÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©s kÃƒÂ¶ltsÃƒÂ©geinek normatÃƒÂ­v tÃƒÂ¡mogatÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡n felÃƒÂ¼l rÃƒÂ©szesÃƒÂ¼ljenek abbÃƒÂ³l az EurÃƒÂ³pai UniÃƒÂ³ban szokÃƒÂ¡sos tÃƒÂ¡mogatÃƒÂ¡sbÃƒÂ³l is, amely az erdÃ…Â‘vel betelepÃƒÂ­tett terÃƒÂ¼letek tÃƒÂ¶bb ÃƒÂ©vtizedig elmaradÃƒÂ³ jÃƒÂ¶vedelmÃƒÂ©t pÃƒÂ³tolja. Mivel az Ã…Â‘shonos fafajok telepÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©sei a vadkÃƒÂ¡rokkal szemben jÃƒÂ³val ÃƒÂ©rzÃƒÂ©kenyebbek, arÃƒÂ¡-nyuk a programban elÃ…Â‘irÃƒÂ¡nyzott mÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kig csak akkor lesz nÃƒÂ¶velhetÃ…Â‘, ha a kÃƒÂ¡rel-hÃƒÂ¡rÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡s nagy kÃƒÂ¶ltsÃƒÂ©gei tovÃƒÂ¡bbra is megkÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¶nbÃƒÂ¶ztetett tÃƒÂ¡mogatÃƒÂ¡si cÃƒÂ©lkÃƒÂ©nt szere-pelnek. A tÃƒÂ¡mogatÃƒÂ¡si rendszer kÃƒÂ¶rÃƒÂ¼ltekintÃ…Â‘ alakÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sa tehÃƒÂ¡t egyre fontosabb, ma mÃƒÂ¡r szinte egyedÃƒÂ¼li eszkÃƒÂ¶ze az ErdÃ…Â‘stratÃƒÂ©gia cÃƒÂ©ljai megvalÃƒÂ³sÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡nak. A gyenge minÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©gÃ…Â± szÃƒÂ¡ntÃƒÂ³- ÃƒÂ©s gyepterÃƒÂ¼letek erdÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©se szÃƒÂ¼ksÃƒÂ©gszerÃ…Â±en felveti a mezÃ…Â‘- ÃƒÂ©s erdÃ…Â‘gazdÃƒÂ¡lkodÃƒÂ¡s egy vÃƒÂ¡llalaton belÃƒÂ¼li tÃƒÂ¡rsÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡nak kÃƒÂ©rdÃƒÂ©seit. FelmÃƒÂ©-rÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ¼nk eredmÃƒÂ©nyei azt mutatjÃƒÂ¡k, hogy az erdÃ…Â‘k telepÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©si ÃƒÂ©s mÃ…Â±velÃƒÂ©si technolÃƒÂ³-giÃƒÂ¡jÃƒÂ¡nak megvÃƒÂ¡ltozÃƒÂ¡sa, speciÃƒÂ¡lis eszkÃƒÂ¶zszÃƒÂ¼ksÃƒÂ©glete kÃƒÂ¶vetkeztÃƒÂ©ben napjainkban mÃƒÂ¡r alig ÃƒÂ©rvÃƒÂ©nyesÃƒÂ¼l az erdÃ…Â‘gazdÃƒÂ¡lkodÃƒÂ¡snak a nÃƒÂ¶vÃƒÂ©nytermelÃƒÂ©s idÃƒÂ©nyszerÃ…Â± mun-kaerÃ…Â‘-felhasznÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡t kiegyenlÃƒÂ­tÃ…Â‘ hatÃƒÂ¡sa. TovÃƒÂ¡bbi vizsgÃƒÂ¡latok lennÃƒÂ©nek szÃƒÂ¼ksÃƒÂ©ge-sek azonban ahhoz, hogy a modern, termÃƒÂ©szetkÃƒÂ¶zeli erdÃ…Â‘gazdÃƒÂ¡lkodÃƒÂ¡sban (pÃƒÂ©l-dÃƒÂ¡ul a szÃƒÂ¡lalÃƒÂ¡sos erdÃ…Â‘mÃ…Â±velÃƒÂ©sben) milyen lehetÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©gek rejlenek a mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi vÃƒÂ¡llalatok erÃ…Â‘forrÃƒÂ¡sainak jobb kihasznÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡ra, bevÃƒÂ©teli forrÃƒÂ¡sainak bÃ…Â‘vÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©re (erdei haszonvÃƒÂ©telek, falusi turizmus stb.). The targets for forest plantation in the new National Forests Strategy depend fundamentally on the decisions of private landowners, because new forests can only be planted on private land presently classed for agricultural cultivation. Our investigations has shown that relatively many farmers in Western DunÃƒÂ¡ntÃƒÂºl (Trans-Danubia) who already posses forests would be prepared to plant new forests on poor arable and grazing land in addition to plant cultivation and animal husbandry. Their final decision for going ahead depends on the extent of support. Farmers expect to receive in addition to the normative support for costs of plantation the usual European Union support, which compensates for the income from forested land lost for decades. As plantations of indigenous species are far more sensitive to damages by wild animals, their occurrence in the targeted proportion can only be increased if the large costs of damage control are carried on being listed for differential target support. A carefully considered construction of support system plays an increasingly important role; it is almost the last resort in these days for achieving the targets of Forestry Strategy. The forestation of poor arable and grazing land inevitably brings forward the problems of coupling agriculture and forestry activities within one enterprise. According to our studies due to changes in the technology of forest plantation and cultivation and the use special machinery, the balancing effects of seasonal work in plant cultivation and forestry hardly apply in these days. Further studies would be required to explore the scope for better utilization of human resources and enhancement of income in modern nature friendly forestry (for example, special forestry practices, leasing, village tourism, etc.).</abstract>
  <keywords>Nemzeti ErdÃ…Â‘stratÃƒÂ©gia, erdÃ…Â‘telepÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡si hajlandÃƒÂ³sÃƒÂ¡g, megtÃƒÂ©rÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ©s szÃƒÂ¡mÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sok - National Forests Strategy, willingness to plant forest, return calculations, Agricultural and Food Policy, Land Economics/Use,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>2</issue>
   <issuedate>2005</issuedate>
   <volume>49</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/54295</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Andrasevits, Zoltan</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Schiberna, Endre</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:54313</identifier><datestamp>2009-12-15</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:54313">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>A MAGYAR TEJTERMELÃƒÂ‰S TÃ…ÂKE TERMELÃƒÂ‰KENYSÃƒÂ‰GÃƒÂ‰NEK PARCIÃƒÂLIS ELEMZÃƒÂ‰SE</title>
  <abstract>A tÃ…Â‘keÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kelÃƒÂ©s egyik lehetsÃƒÂ©ges, de nem az egyetlen mÃƒÂ³dja a tÃ…Â‘ketermelÃƒÂ©-kenysÃƒÂ©g vizsgÃƒÂ¡lata. A tÃ…Â‘ke fogalmÃƒÂ¡nak ÃƒÂ¶sszetettsÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©bÃ…Â‘l adÃƒÂ³dÃƒÂ³an Ã¢Â€Â“ a termelÃƒÂ©si tÃƒÂ©nyezÃ…Â‘k kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¼l Ã¢Â€Â“ a tÃ…Â‘ke termelÃƒÂ©kenysÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©nek a meghatÃƒÂ¡rozÃƒÂ¡sa ÃƒÂ©s nemzetkÃƒÂ¶zi ÃƒÂ¶sz-szehasonlÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sa a legbonyolultabb folyamat. Ennek ellenÃƒÂ©re az EDF mÃƒÂ³dszertana megteremti a lehetÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©get a tÃ…Â‘ketermelÃƒÂ©kenysÃƒÂ©g egy speciÃƒÂ¡lis (kg FCM tej/1000 eurÃƒÂ³) ÃƒÂ©rtelmezÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©re. A tÃ…Â‘ketermelÃƒÂ©kenysÃƒÂ©g, mint mutatÃƒÂ³ nemzetkÃƒÂ¶zileg ÃƒÂ¶sszeha-sonlÃƒÂ­thatÃƒÂ³, de rÃƒÂ©szletes elemzÃƒÂ©s nÃƒÂ©lkÃƒÂ¼l egzakt kÃƒÂ¶vetkeztetÃƒÂ©s egy adott telep tÃ…Â‘ke-gazdÃƒÂ¡lkodÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡rÃƒÂ³l nem vonhatÃƒÂ³ le. EbbÃ…Â‘l kÃƒÂ¶vetkezÃ…Â‘en a termelÃƒÂ©kenysÃƒÂ©g elemzÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©t ki kellett egÃƒÂ©szÃƒÂ­teni a tÃ…Â‘ke-kÃƒÂ¶ltsÃƒÂ©g, ÃƒÂ©s a tÃ…Â‘ketÃƒÂ©nyezÃ…Â‘k termelÃƒÂ©kenysÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©nek az elemzÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©vel, amely szÃƒÂ¡mos informÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³t nyÃƒÂºjtott a telep tÃ…Â‘kegazdÃƒÂ¡lkodÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡rÃƒÂ³l. A magyar telepek tÃ…Â‘ketermelÃƒÂ©kenysÃƒÂ©ge meghaladja az EDF telepekÃƒÂ©t. Ennek oka a kismÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kÃ…Â± tÃ…Â‘kelekÃƒÂ¶tÃƒÂ©s, amelynek nagysÃƒÂ¡ga a 4 ÃƒÂ©vben emelkedÃ…Â‘ tendenciÃƒÂ¡t mutat. Az alacsony tÃ…Â‘kelekÃƒÂ¶tÃƒÂ©s oka a magas kamatoknak ÃƒÂ©s a relatÃƒÂ­ve magas ha-szonÃƒÂ¡ldozati kÃƒÂ¶ltsÃƒÂ©gnek kÃƒÂ¶szÃƒÂ¶nhetÃ…Â‘, amelynek kÃƒÂ¶vetkeztÃƒÂ©ben a magyar telepek kevesebb tÃ…Â‘ke alkalmazÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡val termeltek. A tÃ…Â‘ketÃƒÂ©nyezÃ…Â‘k elemzÃƒÂ©se sorÃƒÂ¡n kide-rÃƒÂ¼lt, hogy a vizsgÃƒÂ¡lt magyar gazdasÃƒÂ¡gok az amortizÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³ mÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kÃƒÂ©nÃƒÂ©l nagyobb arÃƒÂ¡nyban fejlesztettÃƒÂ©k a vizsgÃƒÂ¡lt tÃƒÂ¡rgyi eszkÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶ket, ÃƒÂ©s a fejlesztÃƒÂ©s nagysÃƒÂ¡ga meg-haladta az EDF telepek ÃƒÂ¡tlagÃƒÂ¡t. A tÃ…Â‘ke termelÃƒÂ©kenysÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©bÃ…Â‘l adÃƒÂ³dÃƒÂ³an a vizsgÃƒÂ¡lt magyar telepek tÃ…Â‘kehasznosÃƒÂ­-tÃƒÂ¡sa jobb, mint az EDF telepekÃƒÂ©. MagyarorszÃƒÂ¡gon kevesebb lekÃƒÂ¶tÃƒÂ¶tt tÃ…Â‘kÃƒÂ©t hasz-nÃƒÂ¡lnak a vizsgÃƒÂ¡lt telepek Ã¢Â€Â“ szinte azonos technikai szÃƒÂ­nvonal mellett Ã¢Â€Â“ a termelÃƒÂ©s sorÃƒÂ¡n, amely jelenleg versenyelÃ…Â‘nyt jelent a tejtermelÃ…Â‘k szÃƒÂ¡mÃƒÂ¡ra. A tejtermelÃƒÂ©shez, mint gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi tevÃƒÂ©kenysÃƒÂ©ghez nem csak a lekÃƒÂ¶tÃƒÂ¶tt tÃ…Â‘kÃƒÂ©re van szÃƒÂ¼ksÃƒÂ©g, hanem a termelÃƒÂ©s sorÃƒÂ¡n felmerÃƒÂ¼lÃ…Â‘ kÃƒÂ¶ltsÃƒÂ©gek fedezÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©re szolgÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ³ pÃƒÂ©nzeszkÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶kre is. JelentÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©ge SzÃƒÂ©les (2002) szerint a lekÃƒÂ¶tÃƒÂ¶tt tÃ…Â‘kÃƒÂ©nÃƒÂ©l is nagyobb, ÃƒÂ©s a tÃ…Â‘ke termelÃƒÂ©kenysÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©re is jelentÃ…Â‘s hatÃƒÂ¡st gyakorol. EbbÃ…Â‘l kÃƒÂ¶vetkezÃ…Â‘en fon-tos a hÃƒÂ¡rom termelÃ…Â‘i csoport kÃƒÂ¶ltsÃƒÂ©gszerkezetÃƒÂ©nek az ÃƒÂ¶sszehasonlÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sa. A hÃƒÂ¡rom termelÃ…Â‘i csoportot eltÃƒÂ©rÃ…Â‘ kÃƒÂ¶ltsÃƒÂ©gszerkezet jellemzi. A magyar tele-pek esetÃƒÂ©ben a kÃƒÂ¶zvetlen kÃƒÂ¶ltsÃƒÂ©gek szerepe jelentÃ…Â‘sebb, az EDF ÃƒÂ©s a kelet-nÃƒÂ©met gazdasÃƒÂ¡goknÃƒÂ¡l a speciÃƒÂ¡lis kÃƒÂ¶ltsÃƒÂ©geknek van nagyobb szerepe az ÃƒÂ¶sszkÃƒÂ¶ltsÃƒÂ©gben. A magyar telepek a takarmÃƒÂ¡nyozÃƒÂ¡s, illetve az egyÃƒÂ©b kÃƒÂ¶ltsÃƒÂ©gekben mutatnak nagymÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kÃ…Â± lemaradÃƒÂ¡st. KÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¶nÃƒÂ¶sen nagy problÃƒÂ©mÃƒÂ¡t jelent a takarmÃƒÂ¡nyozÃƒÂ¡si kÃƒÂ¶ltsÃƒÂ©g (legkomplexebb kÃƒÂ¶ltsÃƒÂ©gtÃƒÂ©nyezÃ…Â‘) csÃƒÂ¶kkentÃƒÂ©se, mert vÃƒÂ¡ltoztatÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡t a gazda-sÃƒÂ¡gi paramÃƒÂ©terek mellett takarmÃƒÂ¡nyozÃƒÂ¡si hibÃƒÂ¡bÃƒÂ³l eredÃ…Â‘ ÃƒÂ¡llategÃƒÂ©szsÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ¼gyi tÃƒÂ©nye-zÃ…Â‘k is befolyÃƒÂ¡soljÃƒÂ¡k. CsÃƒÂ¶kkentÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©t csak a takarmÃƒÂ¡ny minÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©gi ÃƒÂ¶sszetÃƒÂ©tele (tÃƒÂ¡plÃƒÂ¡-lÃƒÂ³anyag tartalom) ÃƒÂ©s az ÃƒÂ¶konÃƒÂ³mia szempontjainak egyÃƒÂ¼ttes figyelembevÃƒÂ©telÃƒÂ©vel lehet vÃƒÂ©grehajtani. A tÃƒÂ¶bbi kÃƒÂ¶ltsÃƒÂ©gtÃƒÂ©nyezÃ…Â‘ viszonylatÃƒÂ¡ban a magyar telepek elÃ…Â‘nyben vannak az EDF ÃƒÂ©s a kelet-nÃƒÂ©met telepekkel szemben. KÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¶nÃƒÂ¶sen nagy az elÃ…Â‘ny a munkakÃƒÂ¶ltsÃƒÂ©g tekintetÃƒÂ©ben. VÃƒÂ¡llalkozÃƒÂ³i oldalrÃƒÂ³l a munkakÃƒÂ¶ltsÃƒÂ©g jelen-leg komparatÃƒÂ­v elÃ…Â‘ny. A magyar tejtermelÃ…Â‘k a gazdÃƒÂ¡lkodÃƒÂ¡s eredmÃƒÂ©nyessÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©t csak akkor tudjÃƒÂ¡k nÃƒÂ¶-velni, ha az elÃ…Â‘irÃƒÂ¡nyzott negatÃƒÂ­v irÃƒÂ¡nyÃƒÂº tejÃƒÂ¡r-vÃƒÂ¡ltozÃƒÂ¡s mellett csÃƒÂ¶kkentik a ter-melÃƒÂ©s kÃƒÂ¶ltsÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©t ÃƒÂ©s megvÃƒÂ¡ltoztatjÃƒÂ¡k a termelÃƒÂ©si tÃƒÂ©nyezÃ…Â‘k szerkezetÃƒÂ©t.XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Dairy farming is considered to be the heavy industry of agriculture; the reason is the high amount of capital invested. This high level of asset allocation is the result of the long-term use of capital. In the long term, the amount of land and labour utilised in agriculture is expected to decrease, which in the end necessarily leads to the increase of capital allocated as a production factor. By the mid of the 80Ã¢Â€Â™s, the infrastructure of dairy farms became outdated, which also induced high capital investment (SzÃƒÂ©les 2002). Along with the strengthening role of capital, research relating to allocated capital is important, because only those farms which use the capital available in the best possible way will produce profitably in the future. The most complex task is the analysis of capital among production factors. Primarily, the difficulty of the analysis comes from the diverse definition and appearance of capital. Measurement of capital is a widely debated issue in economic theories because of its heterogeneous nature (Pearce, 1993). In the current research, through the analysis of the capital productivity of Hungarian dairy farms, the focus was placed on the relation of fixed capital and (1000 Euro) milk yield (kg FCM). In order to reveal the causes of and reasons for capital productivity, the analysis was complemented with a detailed cost analysis. To get information on the international competitiveness of the farms, the Hungarian figures were compared to the European figures from the database of the European Dairy Farmers (EDF).</abstract>
  <keywords>tejtermelÃ…Â‘ tehenÃƒÂ©szetek, tÃ…Â‘ketermelÃƒÂ©kenysÃƒÂ©g, alacsony szint, takarmÃƒÂ¡ny ÃƒÂ¶sszetÃƒÂ©tel javÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡s - diaries, capital effectiveness, low level, improvement of combination of fodder, Agricultural Finance, Farm Management, Financial Economics, Livestock Production/Industries,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>4</issue>
   <issuedate>2005</issuedate>
   <volume>49</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/54313</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Geszti, Szilard</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Borbely, Csaba</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:54321</identifier><datestamp>2009-12-15</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:54321">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>SZÃƒÂLLÃƒÂTMÃƒÂNYOZÃƒÂ“K MEZÃ…ÂGAZDASÃƒÂGI ÃƒÂ‰S ÃƒÂ‰LELMISZERIPARI VÃƒÂLLALATOK RÃƒÂ‰SZÃƒÂ‰RE NYÃƒÂšJTOTT LOGISZTIKAI SZOLGÃƒÂLTATÃƒÂSAI</title>
  <abstract>A szÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ­tmÃƒÂ¡nyozÃƒÂ¡si vÃƒÂ¡llalatok jelentÃ…Â‘s rÃƒÂ©sze nyÃƒÂºjt logisztikai szolgÃƒÂ¡ltatÃƒÂ¡st megbÃƒÂ­zÃƒÂ³i rÃƒÂ©szÃƒÂ©re. EzÃƒÂ¡ltal az Ã…Â‘ket megbÃƒÂ­zÃƒÂ³ termelÃ…Â‘ vÃƒÂ¡llalatok ÃƒÂ¡llandÃƒÂ³ kÃƒÂ¶ltsÃƒÂ©geik egy rÃƒÂ©szÃƒÂ©t vÃƒÂ¡ltozÃƒÂ³ kÃƒÂ¶ltsÃƒÂ©gekkÃƒÂ© alakÃƒÂ­thatjÃƒÂ¡k ÃƒÂ¡t. Az alapanyagok ÃƒÂ©s kÃƒÂ©sztermÃƒÂ©-kek fuvarozÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡nak megszervezÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©t, helyvÃƒÂ¡ltoztatÃƒÂ¡sukat, csomagolÃƒÂ¡sukat, tÃƒÂ¡ro-lÃƒÂ¡sukat stb. szakvÃƒÂ¡llalatokra bÃƒÂ­zzÃƒÂ¡k, ÃƒÂ©s ezÃƒÂ¡ltal fuvar- ÃƒÂ©s ÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ³eszkÃƒÂ¶z, bÃƒÂ©r, szerve-zÃƒÂ©si stb. kÃƒÂ¶ltsÃƒÂ©geket takarÃƒÂ­tanak meg. A legnagyobb magyar szÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ­tmÃƒÂ¡nyozÃƒÂ³i szakmai szÃƒÂ¶vetsÃƒÂ©g tagjai kÃƒÂ¶rÃƒÂ©ben vÃƒÂ©gzett vizsgÃƒÂ¡lat fÃƒÂ©nyt derÃƒÂ­t arra, hogy mi jellemzi a mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi ÃƒÂ©s ÃƒÂ©lelmiszeripari vÃƒÂ¡llalatok szÃƒÂ¡mÃƒÂ¡ra nyÃƒÂºjtott logisz-tikai szolgÃƒÂ¡ltatÃƒÂ¡sokat. Az agrÃƒÂ¡rium vÃƒÂ¡llalatai ÃƒÂ©s a logisztikai szolgÃƒÂ¡ltatÃƒÂ³k kÃƒÂ¶-zÃƒÂ¶tt szorosabb kapcsolatra lenne szÃƒÂ¼ksÃƒÂ©g a biztonsÃƒÂ¡gosabb tervezhetÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©g, a kÃƒÂ¶ltsÃƒÂ©ghatÃƒÂ©konysÃƒÂ¡g nÃƒÂ¶velÃƒÂ©se, a felelÃ…Â‘ssÃƒÂ©g ÃƒÂ©s a kockÃƒÂ¡zat megosztÃƒÂ¡sa ÃƒÂ©rdekÃƒÂ©ben. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX A significant number of forwarding companies offer logistical support to their clients. As a result, a portion of the fixed costs of the production companies employing them can be converted to variable costs. They entrust the carriage, location change, packing and storage, etc. of raw materials and finished products to specialist firms, thereby making cost savings on transport, fixed assets, wages organisation etc. A study conducted among members of HungaryÃ¢Â€Â™s largest association of forwarding companies highlighted the characteristics of the logistical services offered to agricultural and food industry businesses. In the interests of more reliable planning, increased cost efficiency and the sharing of liability and risk, stronger relationships are needed between agricultural businesses and the logistical service providers.</abstract>
  <keywords>specilÃƒÂ¡is logisztikai szolgÃƒÂ¡ltatÃƒÂ¡sok, mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi vÃƒÂ¡llalatok, elemzÃƒÂ©s - special logistic services, agriculture, analyses, Agribusiness, Marketing,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>4</issue>
   <issuedate>2005</issuedate>
   <volume>49</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/54321</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Tatrai, Anna</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:54298</identifier><datestamp>2009-12-15</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:54298">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>VERTIKÃƒÂLIS INTEGRÃƒÂCIÃƒÂ“K AZ ÃƒÂ‰LELMISZERGAZDASÃƒÂGBAN</title>
  <abstract>Az ÃƒÂ©lelmiszergazdasÃƒÂ¡gi termÃƒÂ©kpÃƒÂ¡lyÃƒÂ¡k kÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¶nbÃƒÂ¶zÃ…Â‘ koordinÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³s mechanizmu-sai kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¼l a vertikÃƒÂ¡lis integrÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³ a legerÃ…Â‘teljesebben ÃƒÂ¶sszehangolt rendszer, amely napjainkban a legtÃƒÂ¶bb esetben ÃƒÂ¶nÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ³ gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi szervezetekben (szÃƒÂ¶vetkezetek-ben, vÃƒÂ¡llalatokban stb.) ÃƒÂ¶sszpontosul. A vertikÃƒÂ¡lis integrÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³k mÃ…Â±kÃƒÂ¶dÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©nek alapelve ÃƒÂ¡gazatoktÃƒÂ³l fÃƒÂ¼ggetlenÃƒÂ¼l rendkÃƒÂ­-vÃƒÂ¼l hasonlÃƒÂ³ kÃƒÂ©pet mutat, de az egyes ÃƒÂ¡gazatok belsÃ…Â‘ sajÃƒÂ¡tossÃƒÂ¡gainak kÃƒÂ¶szÃƒÂ¶nhetÃ…Â‘en mÃƒÂ¡s-mÃƒÂ¡s fejlÃ…Â‘dÃƒÂ©si stÃƒÂ¡diumig jutott el az ÃƒÂ©lelmiszergazdasÃƒÂ¡g kÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¶nbÃƒÂ¶zÃ…Â‘ szektorai-ban. Az ÃƒÂ©lelÃ‚Â¬miszer-elÃ…Â‘ÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡s vertikÃƒÂ¡lis szervezÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©ben az alapanyagokat szolgÃƒÂ¡ltatÃƒÂ³ mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi termelÃƒÂ©s, ÃƒÂ©s a kÃƒÂ©sztermÃƒÂ©ket elÃ…Â‘ÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ³ feldolgozÃƒÂ³ipar egyarÃƒÂ¡nt ÃƒÂ©rde-kelt, de az ÃƒÂ©rdekeltsÃƒÂ©get mindkÃƒÂ©t fÃƒÂ©l esetÃƒÂ©ben mÃƒÂ¡s-mÃƒÂ¡s tÃƒÂ©nyezÃ…Â‘k indukÃƒÂ¡ljÃƒÂ¡k. A vertikÃƒÂ¡lis integrÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³k legnagyobb kÃƒÂ©pviselÃ…Â‘i, az ÃƒÂ©lelmiszeripari nagyvÃƒÂ¡lla-latok az egyes termÃƒÂ©kpÃƒÂ¡lyÃƒÂ¡k szinte teljes egÃƒÂ©szÃƒÂ©t lefedik ÃƒÂ©s nemcsak a vÃƒÂ©gtermÃƒÂ©-kek, hanem a termÃƒÂ©kpÃƒÂ¡lya inputanyagainak piacain is jelentÃ…Â‘s erÃ…Â‘t kÃƒÂ©pviselnek. A vertikÃƒÂ¡lis integrÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³k fejlÃ…Â‘dÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©re egyarÃƒÂ¡nt serkentÃ…Â‘ hatÃƒÂ¡ssal lehetnek az ÃƒÂ©lelmiszergazdasÃƒÂ¡g jelenleg is zajlÃƒÂ³ strukturÃƒÂ¡lis folyamatai, az egyes ÃƒÂ¡gazatok fo-lyamatosan vÃƒÂ¡ltozÃƒÂ³ jÃƒÂ¶vedelemviszonyai, a piaci versenyben egyre inkÃƒÂ¡bb elÃ…Â‘tÃƒÂ©r-be kerÃƒÂ¼lÃ…Â‘ egysÃƒÂ©ges marketingpolitika kÃƒÂ¶vetelmÃƒÂ©nye, valamint az ÃƒÂ©lelmiszerbiz-tonsÃƒÂ¡g ÃƒÂ©s nyomon kÃƒÂ¶vethetÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©g irÃƒÂ¡nt fokozÃƒÂ³dÃƒÂ³ fogyasztÃƒÂ³i igÃƒÂ©ny. Figyelembe vÃƒÂ©-ve, hogy az emlÃƒÂ­tett hatÃƒÂ³tÃƒÂ©nyezÃ…Â‘k napjainkban egyre ÃƒÂ©lesebben fejtik ki hatÃƒÂ¡su-kat kijelenthetÃ…Â‘, hogy a vertikÃƒÂ¡lis koordinÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³ ÃƒÂ©s az integrÃƒÂ¡lt rendszerek fejlÃ…Â‘dÃƒÂ©-se egyik meghatÃƒÂ¡rozÃƒÂ³ jellemzÃ…Â‘je lehet az ÃƒÂ©lelmiszergazdasÃƒÂ¡g jÃƒÂ¶vÃ…Â‘jÃƒÂ©nek alakulÃƒÂ¡sa szempontjÃƒÂ¡bÃƒÂ³l. Of the various coordinating mechanisms for product chains in the food industry, vertical integration is possibly the best harmonized system, which in these days is manifested in most cases in independent economic enterprises (cooperatives, companies, etc). The basic operational principle of vertical integration is very similar between different branches, but due to the variable character of various branches integration was developed to various levels in the various sectors of food industry. Both the farms growing the raw materials and the industry producing ready products are equally interested in the vertical structure of food production, but the interests of these two parties are generated by different factors. The largest representatives of vertical integration are the large food companies, who in some cases cover nearly the entire product chain and play a significant role not only in marketing the ready products but also the input materials. The structural changes presently occurring in the food industry, the continuously changing income structure in the various branches, the requirement for uniform marketing policies that is increasingly capturing the foreground in market competition, and the consumersÃ¢Â€Â™ emphatic requirement for food safety and traceability, may all stimulate the development of vertical integration. Considering that the above causal factors develop their effects increasingly sharply in these days, it can be stated that the development of vertical coordination and integrated systems could become one of the characteristics determining the future of food industry in this country.</abstract>
  <keywords>ÃƒÂ©lelmiszeripari nagyvÃƒÂ¡llalatok szerepe, ÃƒÂ©lelmiszuerbiztonsÃƒÂ¡g, jÃƒÂ¶vedelemkÃƒÂ©pzÃ…Â‘dÃƒÂ©s az ÃƒÂ©lelmiszerlÃƒÂ¡ncban - role of food industry, food safety, profitability of food chain, Agricultural and Food Policy, Industrial Organization,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>2</issue>
   <issuedate>2005</issuedate>
   <volume>49</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/54298</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Szentirmay, Andras</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Gergely, Istvan</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:54302</identifier><datestamp>2009-12-15</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:54302">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>AZ INTEGRÃƒÂLT IGAZGATÃƒÂSI ÃƒÂ‰S ELLENÃ…ÂRZÃƒÂ‰SI RENDSZER HATÃƒÂ‰KONYSÃƒÂGA AZ EU-BAN</title>
  <abstract>Az EurÃƒÂ³pai UniÃƒÂ³ KÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶s AgrÃƒÂ¡rpolitikÃƒÂ¡ra fordÃƒÂ­tott kiadÃƒÂ¡sainak szabÃƒÂ¡lytalanul ÃƒÂ©s jogtalanul kifizetett (4000 eurÃƒÂ³ feletti) tÃƒÂ©teleit a tagÃƒÂ¡llamok kÃƒÂ¶telesek jelenteni az EU BizottsÃƒÂ¡gÃƒÂ¡nak. Az EU SzÃƒÂ¡mvevÃ…Â‘szÃƒÂ©ke ÃƒÂ¡ltal legutÃƒÂ³bb elkÃƒÂ©szÃƒÂ­tett kÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¶n je-lentÃƒÂ©s alapjÃƒÂ¡n az 1971 ÃƒÂ©s 2002 kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶tt megÃƒÂ¡llapÃƒÂ­tott szabÃƒÂ¡lytalan kifizetÃƒÂ©sek visz-szafizetÃƒÂ©si folyamata az ÃƒÂ¶sszeg 75%-ÃƒÂ¡t ÃƒÂ©rintÃ…Â‘ mÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kben mÃƒÂ©g mindig Ã¢Â€ÂžfÃƒÂ¼ggÃ…Â‘benÃ¢Â€Â van. A kÃƒÂ©rdÃƒÂ©s jelenleg az, hogy az 1992. ÃƒÂ©vi reformot kÃƒÂ¶vetÃ…Â‘, a tÃƒÂ¡mogatÃƒÂ¡si szer-kezetben dominÃƒÂ¡nssÃƒÂ¡ vÃƒÂ¡lt kÃƒÂ¶zvetlen tÃƒÂ¡mogatÃƒÂ¡sok kifizetÃƒÂ©sei mennyire jÃƒÂ¡rulnak hozzÃƒÂ¡ ehhez a helyzethez. A kÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¶nbÃƒÂ¶zÃ…Â‘ tÃƒÂ¡mogatÃƒÂ¡si formÃƒÂ¡k rÃƒÂ©szletes vizsgÃƒÂ¡lata sorÃƒÂ¡n megÃƒÂ¡llapÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sra ke-rÃƒÂ¼lt, hogy az IntegrÃƒÂ¡lt IgazgatÃƒÂ¡si ÃƒÂ©s EllenÃ…Â‘rzÃƒÂ©si Rendszer ernyÃ…Â‘je alÃƒÂ¡ tartozÃƒÂ³ tÃƒÂ¡-mogatÃƒÂ¡sokkal kapcsolatban viszonylag rendszertelenÃƒÂ¼l tesznek jelentÃƒÂ©st a tagÃƒÂ¡l-lamok. Ez azt jelenti, hogy az IIER hatÃƒÂ¡skÃƒÂ¶rÃƒÂ©be tartozÃƒÂ³ tÃƒÂ¡mogatÃƒÂ¡sokkal kapcso-latos visszaÃƒÂ©lÃƒÂ©s jelentÃƒÂ©ktelen mÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kÃ…Â± az egyÃƒÂ©b szabÃƒÂ¡lytalanul kifizetett tÃƒÂ¡moga-tÃƒÂ¡sok mÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kÃƒÂ©hez kÃƒÂ©pest. EttÃ…Â‘l fÃƒÂ¼ggetlenÃƒÂ¼l, vagy ÃƒÂ©pp ezen tÃƒÂ©ny tudatÃƒÂ¡ban felme-rÃƒÂ¼l a kÃƒÂ©rdÃƒÂ©s, hogy mennyire minÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ­thetÃ…Â‘ hatÃƒÂ©konynak az IIER, mely orszÃƒÂ¡gok-ban, milyen terÃƒÂ¼leten vannak gyengÃƒÂ©bb pontok ÃƒÂ©s azok mivel magyarÃƒÂ¡zhatÃƒÂ³ak. A tanulmÃƒÂ¡nyban feldolgozott 3 ÃƒÂ©v adatai alapjÃƒÂ¡n megÃƒÂ¡llapÃƒÂ­thatÃƒÂ³, hogy bizo-nyos esetekben az orszÃƒÂ¡gonkÃƒÂ©nti elemzÃƒÂ©s ÃƒÂ©s nem az EU-15 szinten kiszÃƒÂ¡mÃƒÂ­tott ÃƒÂ¶sszesÃƒÂ­tett hibaszÃƒÂ¡zalÃƒÂ©k a mÃƒÂ©rvadÃƒÂ³. Ez rÃƒÂ©szben annak kÃƒÂ¶szÃƒÂ¶nhetÃ…Â‘, hogy eseten-kÃƒÂ©nt egy-egy tagÃƒÂ¡llamban (a tÃƒÂ¶bbihez viszonyÃƒÂ­tva) rendkÃƒÂ­vÃƒÂ¼l nagy szÃƒÂ¡mÃƒÂº ellen-Ã…Â‘rzÃƒÂ©st vÃƒÂ©geztek, ami olyan mÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kben mÃƒÂ³dosÃƒÂ­totta az adott orszÃƒÂ¡g hibaszÃƒÂ¡zalÃƒÂ©-kÃƒÂ¡t, amely EU-szinten jelentÃ…Â‘s torzulÃƒÂ¡st eredmÃƒÂ©nyezett. RÃƒÂ©szben pedig azzal magyarÃƒÂ¡zhatÃƒÂ³, hogy a hibaszÃƒÂ¡zalÃƒÂ©k-ÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kek ÃƒÂ©vrÃ…Â‘l-ÃƒÂ©vre ÃƒÂ©s orszÃƒÂ¡grÃƒÂ³l orszÃƒÂ¡gra is nagy eltÃƒÂ©rÃƒÂ©st mutatnak, kÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¶nÃƒÂ¶sen az ÃƒÂ¡llati prÃƒÂ©miumok tekintetÃƒÂ©ben, melyeknÃƒÂ©l a kÃƒÂ¶vetkezÃ…Â‘ problÃƒÂ©mÃƒÂ¡k merÃƒÂ¼ltek fel: Ã¢Â€Â¢ A valÃƒÂ³snÃƒÂ¡l tÃƒÂ¶bb egyedre vonatkozÃƒÂ³ kÃƒÂ©relmek benyÃƒÂºjtÃƒÂ¡sa. Ã¢Â€Â¢ A takarmÃƒÂ¡nytermÃ…Â‘ terÃƒÂ¼letek mÃƒÂ©retÃƒÂ©nek tÃƒÂºlbecslÃƒÂ©se az ÃƒÂ¡llatsÃ…Â±rÃ…Â±sÃƒÂ©gi fak-tor kiszÃƒÂ¡mÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡nÃƒÂ¡l. Ã¢Â€Â¢ A gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi regiszter hiÃƒÂ¡nya. Ã¢Â€Â¢ A menedzsment hiÃƒÂ¡nyossÃƒÂ¡gai. Ã¢Â€Â¢ A kÃƒÂ¶telezÃ…Â‘ ÃƒÂ¡llatnyilvÃƒÂ¡ntartÃƒÂ³k, marhalevelek ÃƒÂ©s fÃƒÂ¼lkrotÃƒÂ¡liÃƒÂ¡k hasznÃƒÂ¡latÃƒÂ¡-nak hanyag kezelÃƒÂ©se. Ã¢Â€Â¢ A tÃƒÂ©nylegesen mÃ…Â±velt terÃƒÂ¼letnÃƒÂ©l nagyobb terÃƒÂ¼letre szÃƒÂ³lÃƒÂ³, illetve a jogosu-latlan terÃƒÂ¼letekre vonatkozÃƒÂ³ kÃƒÂ©relemkitÃƒÂ¶ltÃƒÂ©s. Ã¢Â€Â¢ A magasabb ÃƒÂ¶sszegÃ…Â± tÃƒÂ¡mogatÃƒÂ¡sban rÃƒÂ©szesÃƒÂ¼lÃ…Â‘ nÃƒÂ¶vÃƒÂ©nyek feltÃƒÂ¼ntetÃƒÂ©se. A vizsgÃƒÂ¡lt ÃƒÂ©vekben a hibÃƒÂ¡s kÃƒÂ©relmek szÃƒÂ¡zalÃƒÂ©kos arÃƒÂ¡nya az EU 15 ÃƒÂ¡tlagÃƒÂ¡ban Ã¢Â€Â“ az ÃƒÂ¶sszes benyÃƒÂºjtÃƒÂ¡sra kerÃƒÂ¼lt igÃƒÂ©nylÃƒÂ©sek viszonylatÃƒÂ¡ban Ã¢Â€Â“ a terÃƒÂ¼letalapÃƒÂº tÃƒÂ¡moga-tÃƒÂ¡soknÃƒÂ¡l 2-3-3%, az ÃƒÂ¡llati prÃƒÂ©miumoknÃƒÂ¡l 1-2-1,5% kÃƒÂ¶rÃƒÂ¼l mozgott. Az ellenÃ…Â‘rzÃƒÂ¶tt kÃƒÂ©relmek szÃƒÂ¡mÃƒÂ¡hoz viszonyÃƒÂ­tva a terÃƒÂ¼letalapÃƒÂº tÃƒÂ¡mogatÃƒÂ¡soknÃƒÂ¡l 20-25-38%, illet-ve az ÃƒÂ¡llati prÃƒÂ©miumoknÃƒÂ¡l 10-14-12% volt ez az arÃƒÂ¡ny. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX EU member states are obliged to report to the EU Commission any irregular and unlawful payments (over 4,000 euro) from Common Agricultural Policy funds. Based on the most recently completed special report by the EU Audit Office, of all payments judged as irregular between 1971 and 2002, 75% of the total to be repaid is still outstanding. The current question is to what extent is this situation exacerbated by the payment of direct support, which since the 1992 re-form constitutes the predominant element in the support structure. It was determined during a detailed examination of the various forms of sup-port that member states rarely make such reports with respect to support falling under the umbrella of the Integrated Administration and Control System (IACS). This means that misuse of support falling within IACSÃ¢Â€Â™s sphere of authority is insignificant in comparison to the scale of other, irregular support payments. Despite this, or perhaps rather in the knowledge of this fact, the question arises: how effective is IACS, in which countries and in which areas are the weak points and how can these be explained? Based on three years of data utilised in this study it can be stated that in certain cases it is the country-specific analysis that is relevant and not the combined failure rate at EU-15 level. This is partly due to the fact that in some cases, member states conducted exceptionally extensive control checks (in comparison to other states), modifying that countryÃ¢Â€Â™s failure rate to such an extent that it produced significant distortion at EU-15 level. It can also be explained in part by the fact that failure rate values show significant variance year on year and country by country, in particular with regard to livestock premiums, where the following problems presented themselves: Ã¢Â€Â¢ Submissions overstating the actual per head figures. Ã¢Â€Â¢ Overestimation of the extent of pasturage when calculating animal density. Ã¢Â€Â¢ Absence of the farm register. Ã¢Â€Â¢ Management inadequacies. Ã¢Â€Â¢ Negligent handling of compulsory livestock records, cattle licences and tagging. Ã¢Â€Â¢ Submissions based on larger areas than are actually being cultivated, that is, on ineligible areas. Ã¢Â€Â¢ Indication of plants that attract higher levels of support. The EU-15 average ratio of erroneous submissions in the years examined Ã¢Â€Â“ in relation to total submissions Ã¢Â€Â“ fluctuated around 2-3-3% for land-based support and 1-2-1.5% for livestock premiums. In relation to the submissions examined, the ratios were 20-25-38% for land-based support and 10-14-12% for livestock premiums.</abstract>
  <keywords>tÃƒÂ¡mogatÃƒÂ¡s monitoring, IIER, hibÃƒÂ¡s kÃƒÂ©relmek arÃƒÂ¡nya - monitoring of EU subsidies, IACS, rate of false application, Agricultural and Food Policy, Agricultural Finance,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>3</issue>
   <issuedate>2005</issuedate>
   <volume>49</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/54302</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Vasary, Viktoria</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:54300</identifier><datestamp>2009-12-15</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:54300">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>A BALATON VÃƒÂZGYÃ…Â°JTÃ…ÂJÃƒÂ‰N FOLYÃƒÂ“ MEZÃ…ÂGAZADSÃƒÂGI TERMELÃƒÂ‰S HATÃƒÂSA A TÃƒÂ“ KÃƒÂ–RNYEZETI ÃƒÂLLAPOTÃƒÂRA</title>
  <abstract>A Balaton vÃƒÂ­zminÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©nek, a tÃƒÂ³ ÃƒÂ¡llapotÃƒÂ¡nak romlÃƒÂ¡sa tÃƒÂ¶bb tÃƒÂ©nyezÃ…Â‘re visszave-zethetÃ…Â‘, hosszÃƒÂº folyamat eredmÃƒÂ©nye. Az egyes tÃƒÂ©nyezÃ…Â‘k szerepÃƒÂ©nek meghatÃƒÂ¡ro-zÃƒÂ¡sa a rendszeres ÃƒÂ©s teljes kÃƒÂ¶rÃ…Â±, minden szennyezÃ…Â‘ faktorra kiterjedÃ…Â‘ mÃƒÂ©rÃƒÂ©sek hiÃƒÂ¡nya miatt napjainkban is gondot okoz, rÃƒÂ©szben becslÃƒÂ©sen alapul. MÃƒÂ©gis vissza-tÃƒÂ©rÃ…Â‘ kÃƒÂ©rdÃƒÂ©s, hogy a leromlÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ©rt melyik ÃƒÂ¡gazat az elsÃ…Â‘ szÃƒÂ¡mÃƒÂº felelÃ…Â‘s. A 80-as ÃƒÂ©vek elejÃƒÂ©n a feladatok meghatÃƒÂ¡rozÃƒÂ¡sakor a tÃƒÂ³ vizÃƒÂ©nek tÃƒÂ¡panyag feldÃƒÂºsulÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡ÃƒÂ©rt a me-zÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡got kiÃƒÂ¡ltottÃƒÂ¡k ki fÃ…Â‘ felelÃ…Â‘snek. Ugyanakkor szakÃƒÂ©rtÃ…Â‘i vizsgÃƒÂ¡latok egy-ÃƒÂ©rtelmÃ…Â±en bizonyÃƒÂ­tottÃƒÂ¡k, hogy a Balatonba kerÃƒÂ¼lÃ…Â‘ hatÃƒÂ³anyag maximum 3-5%-a lehet mÃ…Â±trÃƒÂ¡gya eredetÃ…Â±, ami ÃƒÂ¶nmagÃƒÂ¡ban a vÃƒÂ­zminÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©g gyorsÃƒÂ¼temÃ…Â± romlÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡t nem idÃƒÂ©zhette elÃ…Â‘. Akik kizÃƒÂ¡rÃƒÂ³lag a mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡got okoltÃƒÂ¡k a Balaton vizÃƒÂ©nek romlÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡ÃƒÂ©rt nem vettÃƒÂ©k figyelembe azt, hogy a Balaton vÃƒÂ­zgyÃ…Â±jtÃ…Â‘jÃƒÂ©n a mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi eredetÃ…Â± ke-mikÃƒÂ¡liÃƒÂ¡k felhasznÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ¡sa nemzetkÃƒÂ¶zi szinten nem volt magas, ugyanakkor a kÃƒÂ¶zmÃ…Â±vesÃƒÂ­tettsÃƒÂ©g szintje ÃƒÂ©s az ebbÃ…Â‘l adÃƒÂ³dÃƒÂ³ terhelÃƒÂ©s mÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©ke a Balaton esetÃƒÂ©ben rendkÃƒÂ­vÃƒÂ¼l kedvezÃ…Â‘tlen kÃƒÂ©pet mutatott. A Balaton vÃƒÂ­zminÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©g problÃƒÂ©mÃƒÂ¡inak a mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡gra valÃƒÂ³ visszavezetÃƒÂ©se azÃƒÂ©rt sem volt tarthatÃƒÂ³, mert az elmÃƒÂºlt egy ÃƒÂ©vtizedben a mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡g tartÃƒÂ³s vÃƒÂ¡lsÃƒÂ¡ga miatt a kemikÃƒÂ¡liÃƒÂ¡k felhasznÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ¡sa az agrÃƒÂ¡rtermelÃƒÂ©sben minimÃƒÂ¡lisra csÃƒÂ¶kkent. Ennek ellenÃƒÂ©re vizsgÃƒÂ¡lni kell azokat a feltÃƒÂ©teleket, amelyek a mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi szennyezÃ…Â‘dÃƒÂ©seknek az ÃƒÂ©lÃ…Â‘vizekbe kerÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ©-sÃƒÂ©t megakadÃƒÂ¡lyozzÃƒÂ¡k. A jelenlegi helyzet nem a tervek hiÃƒÂ¡nyÃƒÂ¡ra vezethetÃ…Â‘ vissza, hanem arra, hogy a megvalÃƒÂ³sÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sukhoz nem ÃƒÂ¡llt rendelkezÃƒÂ©sre megfelelÃ…Â‘ tÃ…Â‘ke ÃƒÂ©s nem sikerÃƒÂ¼lt meg-teremteni a tervek megvalÃƒÂ³sÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡hoz fÃ…Â±zÃ…Â‘dÃ…Â‘ ÃƒÂ©rdekeltsÃƒÂ©get sem. Nem lehetett hÃƒÂ¡-rom ÃƒÂ©vtized alatt elÃƒÂ©rni azt sem, hogy az idegenforgalom ÃƒÂ¡ltal megtermelt jÃƒÂ¶ve-delem jelentÃ…Â‘s rÃƒÂ©sze a tÃƒÂ©rsÃƒÂ©gben maradjon, annak a fejlÃ…Â‘dÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©t segÃƒÂ­tse elÃ…Â‘. Nem kell csodÃƒÂ¡lkozni a vÃƒÂ­z ÃƒÂ¡llapotÃƒÂ¡n akkor, ha nem sikerÃƒÂ¼lt elÃƒÂ©rni, hogy a csatornÃƒÂ¡-zott terÃƒÂ¼leteken a lakÃƒÂ¡sokat, ÃƒÂ¼dÃƒÂ¼lÃ…Â‘ket a csatornÃƒÂ¡ra rÃƒÂ¡kÃƒÂ¶ssÃƒÂ©k, vagy a part menti tulajdonosok a terÃƒÂ¼letÃƒÂ¼k nÃƒÂ¶velÃƒÂ©se ÃƒÂ©rdekÃƒÂ©ben ne tÃƒÂ¶ltsÃƒÂ©k fel a tÃƒÂ³partot. Csak kor-szerÃ…Â±en felszerelt, kellÃ…Â‘ jÃƒÂ¶vedelmezÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©ggel mÃ…Â±kÃƒÂ¶dÃ…Â‘ mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi vÃƒÂ¡llalkozÃƒÂ¡-soktÃƒÂ³l vÃƒÂ¡rhatÃƒÂ³ a kÃƒÂ¶rnyezet- ÃƒÂ©s termÃƒÂ©szetvÃƒÂ©delmi kÃƒÂ¶vetelmÃƒÂ©nyek teljesÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©se. Erre viszont a jelenlegi gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi feltÃƒÂ©telek mellett csak a gazdasÃƒÂ¡gok kis rÃƒÂ©sze kÃƒÂ©pes. A tÃƒÂºlÃƒÂ©lÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©rt kÃƒÂ¼zdÃ…Â‘, vergÃ…Â‘dÃ…Â‘ ÃƒÂ¼zemek esetÃƒÂ©ben a fÃƒÂ¶ldvÃƒÂ©delem, a kÃƒÂ¶rnyezet- ÃƒÂ©s ter-mÃƒÂ©szetvÃƒÂ©delem ÃƒÂ¼gye harmadlagos kÃƒÂ©rdÃƒÂ©s, amely gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi korlÃƒÂ¡tkÃƒÂ©nt jelenik meg ÃƒÂ©s nem a gazdÃƒÂ¡lkodÃƒÂ¡s fejlÃ…Â‘dÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©t elÃ…Â‘segÃƒÂ­tÃ…Â‘ tÃƒÂ©nyezÃ…Â‘kÃƒÂ©nt. EredmÃƒÂ©nyes kÃƒÂ¶rnye-zetvÃƒÂ©delem csak akkor remÃƒÂ©lhetÃ…Â‘, ha a gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi ÃƒÂ©s kÃƒÂ¶rnyezeti kÃƒÂ¶vetelmÃƒÂ©nyek szervesen ÃƒÂ¶sszekapcsolhatÃƒÂ³k. The deterioration of the water quality of lake Balaton and its environment is the consequence of numerous factors and a long process. The assessment of the role of some factors, a problem even in these days due to the absence of systematic and comprehensive measurements covering all aspects of pollution, is partially guesstimated. Nevertheless, the question recurs time and time again which branch of agriculture is primarily responsible. At beginning of 1980Ã¢Â€Â™s when objectives were defined agriculture was claimed to be the main guilty party for introducing excessive nutrients into the lake water. However, expert investigations have unequivocally proven that at most only 3% to 5% of active agents in the lake derived from artificial fertilizers. This amount could not in itself have caused the rapid deterioration of water quality. Those who blamed agriculture alone for the deterioration of Balaton water did not take into consideration the fact that the use of agricultural chemicals in the water catchments area of the lake was not high in international comparison, whereas the level of public utilities (sewers) in the area and the extent of burden deriving from these in the case of lake Balaton constituted an extremely unfavorable picture. Furthermore, the agricultural hypothesis for the deterioration of lake water would not stand either because during the last decade due to continued crisis in agriculture the use of chemicals in crop production declined to a minimum level. Nevertheless, the conditions that prevent the leakage of agricultural pollutants into live waters have to be investigated. The present situation arose not because of lack of planning, but because the funds required for the execution of plans are not available and interest for their execution has not been successfully generated. It was not even possible to achieve that a significant portion of locally produced income remained in the region for helping its development. We should not be amazed at the quality of lake water, if in regions where the sewers were actually built, owners of apartments and holiday resorts could not be persuaded to connect their disposal pipes to the main sewer or owners of lake shore property could not be prevented enlarging their plot by filling up part of lake. The fulfillment of requirements of environmental and nature protection can only be expected of agricultural enterprises possessing modern equipment and sufficient income. Under the present economic conditions, however, only a small fraction of enterprises are able to do achieve this. For farms struggling for survival soil, environmental and nature protection is a tertiary problem that seems more like an economic hindrance rather than a factor helping the development of enterprise. We can hope for successful environmental protection only if economic and environmental requirements are closely related.</abstract>
  <keywords>mÃ…Â±trÃƒÂ¡gyÃƒÂ¡zÃƒÂ¡s, kÃƒÂ¶rnyezetszennyezÃƒÂ©s, vÃƒÂ­zminÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©gjavÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ³ intÃƒÂ©zkedÃƒÂ©sek - artificial chemical use, environment burden, arrangements for increasing water quality, Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>2</issue>
   <issuedate>2005</issuedate>
   <volume>49</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/54300</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Marton, Istvan</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:54294</identifier><datestamp>2010-01-29</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:54294">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>AZ AGRÃƒÂR- ÃƒÂ‰S VIDÃƒÂ‰KFEJLESZTÃƒÂ‰S FENNTARTHATÃƒÂ“ RENDSZERE</title>
  <abstract>A tÃƒÂ©makÃƒÂ¶rben vÃƒÂ©gzett eddigi vizsgÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ³dÃƒÂ¡saink alapjÃƒÂ¡n egyre jobban kirajzolha-tÃƒÂ³, hogy a globalizÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ³dÃƒÂ³ vilÃƒÂ¡g ellentmondÃƒÂ¡saibÃƒÂ³l valÃƒÂ³ kilÃƒÂ¡balÃƒÂ¡s a fenntarthatÃƒÂ³sÃƒÂ¡g-tÃƒÂ³l, a kreativitÃƒÂ¡stÃƒÂ³l, az alternatÃƒÂ­v erÃ…Â‘forrÃƒÂ¡sok tÃƒÂ©rnyerÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©tÃ…Â‘l ÃƒÂ©s az emberek ÃƒÂ¶sszefo-gÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡tÃƒÂ³l remÃƒÂ©lhetÃ…Â‘. Ez mÃƒÂ©g inkÃƒÂ¡bb igaz a rendszervÃƒÂ¡ltozÃƒÂ¡s ÃƒÂ¡talakulÃƒÂ¡si, ÃƒÂ¡tmeneti gondjainak kÃƒÂ¶vetkezmÃƒÂ©nyeivel veszÃ…Â‘dÃ…Â‘ hazai agrÃƒÂ¡rgazdasÃƒÂ¡gra ÃƒÂ©s vidÃƒÂ©kre. A fenntarthatÃƒÂ³sÃƒÂ¡g ÃƒÂ©s a vidÃƒÂ©kfejlesztÃƒÂ©s kibontakozÃƒÂ¡sa az EurÃƒÂ³pai UniÃƒÂ³ban egymÃƒÂ¡stÃƒÂ³l fÃƒÂ¼ggetlenÃƒÂ¼l pÃƒÂ¡rhuzamosan halad, s nem sokkal jobb a helyzet az ag-rÃƒÂ¡rpolitikÃƒÂ¡ban ÃƒÂ©s vidÃƒÂ©kpolitikÃƒÂ¡ban, mikÃƒÂ¶zben a fenntarthatÃƒÂ³sÃƒÂ¡g kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ©ppontba ÃƒÂ¡l-lÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sa, az agrÃƒÂ¡r- ÃƒÂ©s vidÃƒÂ©kfejlesztÃƒÂ©s tudatos ÃƒÂ¶sszekapcsolÃƒÂ¡sa a kÃƒÂ¶lcsÃƒÂ¶nhatÃƒÂ¡sok ÃƒÂ©s ÃƒÂ¶sszefÃƒÂ¼ggÃƒÂ©sek elÃ…Â‘nyeinek kamatoztatÃƒÂ¡sa ÃƒÂ©rdekÃƒÂ©ben egyre sÃƒÂ¼rgetÃ…Â‘bb. BrÃƒÂ¼sszel azonban mind a mai napig kÃƒÂ©sik a felismerÃƒÂ©s ÃƒÂ©rvÃƒÂ©nyesÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©vel. ÃƒÂ‰rdemleges elÃ…Â‘re-lÃƒÂ©pÃƒÂ©s a 2007-2013 periÃƒÂ³dusban remÃƒÂ©lhetÃ…Â‘. TapasztalhatÃƒÂ³, hogy a fenntarthatÃƒÂ³sÃƒÂ¡g globÃƒÂ¡lis szintjÃƒÂ©n alig mutathatÃƒÂ³ fel valamilyen eredmÃƒÂ©ny, lokÃƒÂ¡lis szinten pedig a zavart jelzi, hogy a vidÃƒÂ©kfejlesztÃƒÂ©sben zajlanak a helyi kezdemÃƒÂ©nyezÃƒÂ©sekre ÃƒÂ©pÃƒÂ¼lÃ…Â‘ LEADER programok, a fenntarthatÃƒÂ³sÃƒÂ¡g lokÃƒÂ¡lis programjakÃƒÂ©nt pedig elindÃƒÂ­tot-tÃƒÂ¡k az LA-21-et (Local Agenda 21). A tÃƒÂ©nyleges hazai helyzet, az EU tÃƒÂ¶rekvÃƒÂ©sek, a globalizÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³ esemÃƒÂ©nyei, vala-mint az eddigi kutatÃƒÂ¡sok alapjÃƒÂ¡n nyugodtan ÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ­thatÃƒÂ³, hogy az agrÃƒÂ¡r- ÃƒÂ©s vidÃƒÂ©kfej-lesztÃƒÂ©s jÃƒÂ¶vÃ…Â‘jÃƒÂ©ben a fenntarthatÃƒÂ³sÃƒÂ¡g rendszerbe ÃƒÂ¶tvÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶tt ÃƒÂ©rvÃƒÂ©nyesÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©se a legfonto-sabb a szinergikus hatÃƒÂ¡s elÃƒÂ©rÃƒÂ©se ÃƒÂ©rdekÃƒÂ©ben minden szinten (lokÃƒÂ¡lis, regionÃƒÂ¡lis, globÃƒÂ¡lis); minden dimenziÃƒÂ³ban (termÃƒÂ©szeti kÃƒÂ¶rnyezet, tÃƒÂ¡rsadalom, gazdasÃƒÂ¡g); mind a termelÃƒÂ©si gyakorlatban, mind a fogyasztÃƒÂ¡sban (lakossÃƒÂ¡gi ÃƒÂ©s termelÃ…Â‘i fo-gyasztÃƒÂ¡s); minden szereplÃ…Â‘ vonatkozÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡ban (egyÃƒÂ©nek, vÃƒÂ¡llalkozÃƒÂ³k, kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶ssÃƒÂ©gi szervezetek, politikusok). Az agrÃƒÂ¡r- ÃƒÂ©s vidÃƒÂ©kfejlesztÃƒÂ©s fenntarthatÃƒÂ³ komplex ÃƒÂ©s dinamikus rendszere a fenntarthatÃƒÂ³ mezÃ…Â‘-erdÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi termelÃƒÂ©sbÃ…Â‘l, a fenntarthatÃƒÂ³ gazdÃƒÂ¡lkodÃƒÂ¡si rendszerekbÃ…Â‘l, a fenntarthatÃƒÂ³ vÃƒÂ¡llalkozÃƒÂ¡sokbÃƒÂ³l, a fenntarthatÃƒÂ³ vidÃƒÂ©kbÃ…Â‘l ÃƒÂ©s a fenntarthatÃƒÂ³ telepÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ©sekbÃ…Â‘l tevÃ…Â‘dik ÃƒÂ¶ssze. A vÃƒÂ¡zolt rendszer egy korszerÃ…Â± agrÃƒÂ¡r- ÃƒÂ©s vidÃƒÂ©kfejlesztÃƒÂ©si program gerincÃƒÂ©t alkothatnÃƒÂ¡, annÃƒÂ¡l is inkÃƒÂ¡bb, mert ez teljesen megfelel az EU-ban elÃ…Â‘irÃƒÂ¡nyzott 2007-2013 kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶tti szabÃƒÂ¡lyozÃƒÂ¡s cÃƒÂ©ljainak, mindenekelÃ…Â‘tt a konvergenciÃƒÂ¡nak. A fenntarthatÃƒÂ³ agrÃƒÂ¡r- ÃƒÂ©s a vidÃƒÂ©kfejlesztÃƒÂ©s egysÃƒÂ©ges rendszerben valÃƒÂ³ szemlÃƒÂ©le-te ÃƒÂ©s programszerÃ…Â± megoldÃƒÂ¡sa MagyarorszÃƒÂ¡gon kÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¶nÃƒÂ¶sen fontos, mert a gaz-dÃƒÂ¡lkodÃƒÂ³k, a vidÃƒÂ©kiek ettÃ…Â‘l remÃƒÂ©lhetik ÃƒÂ©letnÃƒÂ­vÃƒÂ³juk tartÃƒÂ³s javulÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡t, a jelenlegi rÃƒÂ©szletekben gondolkodÃƒÂ³, az ÃƒÂ¶sszefÃƒÂ¼ggÃƒÂ©seket mellÃ…Â‘zÃ…Â‘, sÃ…Â‘t szembeÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ³ gyakorlat helyett. A fenntarthatÃƒÂ³ agrÃƒÂ¡r- ÃƒÂ©s vidÃƒÂ©kfejlesztÃƒÂ©ssel elÃƒÂ©rhetÃ…Â‘ tovÃƒÂ¡bbÃƒÂ¡ a mezÃ…Â‘-erdÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡gban hasznosulÃƒÂ³ termÃƒÂ©szeti erÃ…Â‘forrÃƒÂ¡sok ÃƒÂ©s a vidÃƒÂ©ki kÃƒÂ¶rnyezet minÃ…Â‘-sÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©nek hosszÃƒÂº tÃƒÂ¡vÃƒÂº megmaradÃƒÂ¡sa, a globÃƒÂ¡lis kihÃƒÂ­vÃƒÂ¡sokhoz valÃƒÂ³ alkalmazkodÃƒÂ¡s, a fokozÃƒÂ³dÃƒÂ³ minÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©gi igÃƒÂ©nyek kielÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©se, a versenykÃƒÂ©pessÃƒÂ©g javulÃƒÂ¡sa ÃƒÂ©s a gazdÃƒÂ¡l-kodÃƒÂ³k, vidÃƒÂ©kiek ÃƒÂ©letkÃƒÂ¶rÃƒÂ¼lmÃƒÂ©nyeinek javÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sa, ami egyÃƒÂºttal hozzÃƒÂ¡jÃƒÂ¡rulÃƒÂ¡s az egÃƒÂ©sz tÃƒÂ¡rsadalom felemelkedÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©hez is. It is increasingly obvious from our present investigations that we can hope to escape the controversies of the present day globalizing world only via sustainability, creativity, development of alternative energy resources and peopleÃ¢Â€Â™s co-hesion. This applies particularly to the transitional problems of domestic agriculture arising from the change of political system in this country, where a systematic introduction of a sustainable regime for the development of agriculture and countryside would be especially desirable. The attainment of sustainability and countryside development is taking place simultaneously but independently in each country in the EU, but a deliberate combination of national strategies to draw on the advantages of interactions and interrelationships is perceived to be increasingly urgent. Brussels is yet to recognize the use of such a strategy. Globally sustainability has hardly made any noticeable advances so far, whereas at local levels confusion can be detected. For countryside development the LEADER programs based on local initiatives are being executed and for sustainability the LA-21 (Local Agenda 21) programs have been started. Based on the actual domestic situation, EU aspirations, the globalization phenomenon and present research, it can be stated with reasonable confidence that agricultural and countryside development combined with sustainability is of paramount importance in achieving a synergistic effect at all levels (local, regional and global), at all dimensions (natural environment, society and economics), in all forms of production and consumption (peopleÃ¢Â€Â™s and producersÃ¢Â€Â™ consumption) and for all participants (individuals, entrepreneurs, community organizations, politicians). The complex and dynamic system of sustainable agricultural and countryside development consists of sustainable production, sustainable farming system, sustainable enterprises, sustainable countryside and sustainable settlements. The described system may constitute the backbone of an independent countryside development program, because it corresponds perfectly well with changes of EU regulations expected between 2007 and 2013. A unified, programmed approach to sustainable agricultural and countryside development is particularly important in Hungary, because farmers and country people are pinning their hopes of improved living standard on such an approach, in place of the present system of dealing only with details, ignoring any interactions and even bringing about confrontations. With sustainable practices in agriculture and countryside development we can ensure the longterm preservation of the quality of natural resources exploited in agriculture and forestry and that of the country environment, the adaptation to global challenges, the fulfillment of increasing quality requirements, improved competitiveness and elevated living standard for farmers and country people, that at the same time contributes to the social advancement of whole society.</abstract>
  <keywords>Nemzeti stratÃƒÂ©gia, LEADER+, vidÃƒÂ©kfejlesztÃƒÂ©s, fenntarthatÃƒÂ³sÃƒÂ¡g - National strategies, LEADER +, rural development, sustainability, Agricultural and Food Policy, Community/Rural/Urban Development,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>2</issue>
   <issuedate>2005</issuedate>
   <volume>49</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/54294</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Csete, Laszlo</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:54297</identifier><datestamp>2010-01-29</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:54297">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>SZEZONÃƒÂLIS JELENSÃƒÂ‰GEK AZ EU NÃƒÂ‰HÃƒÂNY FONTOS ORSZÃƒÂGÃƒÂNAK SERTÃƒÂ‰SPIACÃƒÂN</title>
  <abstract>A sertÃƒÂ©spiacon a kibocsÃƒÂ¡tott termÃƒÂ©k mennyisÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©t ÃƒÂ©s a felvÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡rlÃƒÂ¡si ÃƒÂ¡rakat szabÃƒÂ¡-lyos ÃƒÂ©ven belÃƒÂ¼li mozgÃƒÂ¡sok (szezonalitÃƒÂ¡s) jellemzik. A sertÃƒÂ©shÃƒÂºs ÃƒÂ¡rÃƒÂ¡nak alakulÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡t tÃƒÂ¶bb tÃƒÂ©nyezÃ…Â‘ befolyÃƒÂ¡solja, pÃƒÂ©ldÃƒÂ¡ul a termelÃ…Â‘k ÃƒÂ¡ltal felkÃƒÂ­nÃƒÂ¡lt vÃƒÂ¡gÃƒÂ³sertÃƒÂ©sek mennyi-sÃƒÂ©ge ÃƒÂ©s a feldolgozÃƒÂ³ipar igÃƒÂ©nyei. Az ÃƒÂ©lÃ…Â‘sertÃƒÂ©s irÃƒÂ¡nti keresletet alapvetÃ…Â‘en meghatÃƒÂ¡-rozza a feldolgozott sertÃƒÂ©shÃƒÂºstermÃƒÂ©kek irÃƒÂ¡nti fogyasztÃƒÂ³i kereslet. A felvÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡rlÃƒÂ¡si ÃƒÂ¡rakban tapasztalhatÃƒÂ³ szezonalitÃƒÂ¡s vÃƒÂ©geredmÃƒÂ©nyben a kereslet-kÃƒÂ­nÃƒÂ¡lat szezoÃ‚Â¬nalitÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡nak tulajdonÃƒÂ­thatÃƒÂ³. A cikkben elemzÃƒÂ©sre kerÃƒÂ¼lnek az ÃƒÂ¡ltalunk legfonto-sabbnak ÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©lt sertÃƒÂ©shÃƒÂºstermelÃ…Â‘ EU tagÃƒÂ¡llamok sertÃƒÂ©shÃƒÂºs-kibocsÃƒÂ¡tÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡t ÃƒÂ©s felvÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡rlÃƒÂ¡-si ÃƒÂ¡rait jellemzÃ…Â‘ folyamatok. HazÃƒÂ¡nk szÃƒÂ¡mÃƒÂ¡ra mindig is fontos volt az EU piaca, ezÃƒÂ©rt EU tagkÃƒÂ©nt a piaci szereplÃ…Â‘knek tisztÃƒÂ¡ban kell lenniÃƒÂ¼k a piaci helyzettel. A magyar sertÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ¡gazat szÃƒÂ¡mÃƒÂ¡ra elÃ…Â‘nyÃƒÂ¶s, ha kihasznÃƒÂ¡lja azokat az ÃƒÂ©v kÃƒÂ¶zepÃƒÂ©n jelent-kezÃ…Â‘ idÃ…Â‘szakokat, amikor az EU piacÃƒÂ¡n magas a felvÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡rlÃƒÂ¡si ÃƒÂ¡r ÃƒÂ©s kisebb a megje-lenÃ…Â‘ ÃƒÂ¡ru mennyisÃƒÂ©ge. MagyarorszÃƒÂ¡g az EU tagjakÃƒÂ©nt egy Ã¢Â€ÂžzÃƒÂ¡rtÃ¢Â€Â piac rÃƒÂ©sze lett, ez-zel pÃƒÂ¡rhuzamosan a sertÃƒÂ©shÃƒÂºs kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶s piaci szervezetÃƒÂ©nek ÃƒÂ¡tvÃƒÂ©telÃƒÂ©vel a hazai szabÃƒÂ¡-lyozÃƒÂ¡s lÃƒÂ©nyegesen egyszerÃ…Â±sÃƒÂ¶dÃƒÂ¶tt. MegszÃ…Â±ntek a kÃƒÂ¶zvetlen ÃƒÂ¡gazat-specifikus nem-zeti tÃƒÂ¡mogatÃƒÂ¡sok, beleÃƒÂ©rtve az ÃƒÂ¡rhoz kÃƒÂ¶tÃƒÂ¶tt minÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©gi tÃƒÂ¡mogatÃƒÂ¡st is. A termelÃ…Â‘k csak minÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ­tett esetben szÃƒÂ¡mÃƒÂ­thatnak kÃƒÂ¶zponti beavatkozÃƒÂ¡sra, aminek hatÃƒÂ¡sa kÃƒÂ¶z-vetett (magÃƒÂ¡ntÃƒÂ¡rolÃƒÂ¡si tÃƒÂ¡mogatÃƒÂ¡s). A magyar termelÃ…Â‘knek a jelenleginÃƒÂ©l ÃƒÂ©lesebb versenyben kell helytÃƒÂ¡llniuk a kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶s piacon. HelyzetÃƒÂ¼ket tovÃƒÂ¡bb nehezÃƒÂ­ti, hogy a harmadik orszÃƒÂ¡gokbÃƒÂ³l behozott sertÃƒÂ©shÃƒÂºsok vÃƒÂ¡mszintjei csÃƒÂ¶kkentek. The quantity of produce on offer and selling price in a pigs market is characterized by regular intraannual (seasonal) fluctuations. A number of factors influence the price of pork: for example the quantity of slaughter pigs offered by pig farmers and the demands of meat industry. The demand for live pigs is fundamentally determined by consumersÃ¢Â€Â™ demand for processed pork products. The seasonal nature of buying up price is due ultimately to the seasonal nature of supply and demand. In this article we analyze the processes characterized by the releases of pork and buying up prices in EU states where we consider significant quantities of pork are produced. For this country, EU markets were always an important product destination, therefore as members of EU market participants should have a clear idea about the situation. It is advantageous for pork producers to exploit the periods in the middle of year when buying prices are high and supply is relatively low. As a member of EU, Hungary has become part of a Ã¢Â€ÂœclosedÃ¢Â€Â market and by adopting common market structures home market regulations for pork were considerably simplified. National support of the sector has ceased, including that of quality support linked to prices. Producers may expect central support only in qualified cases, whose effects are indirect (support for private storage). Hungarian producers have to compete in a Ã¢Â€ÂœsharperÃ¢Â€Â market than that of the present. Their situation is further aggravated by the fact that custom duties of pork imported from third countries are decreasing.</abstract>
  <keywords>szezonalitÃƒÂ¡s a sertÃƒÂ¡spiacon, ÃƒÂ¡ralakulÃƒÂ¡sok, magyar termelÃ…Â‘k versenyhelyzete - seasonality on pig market, changes in price, competitiveness of pig producers, Agricultural and Food Policy, Demand and Price Analysis, Livestock Production/Industries,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>2</issue>
   <issuedate>2005</issuedate>
   <volume>49</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/54297</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Nyars, Levente</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Vizvari, Bela</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:54339</identifier><datestamp>2010-01-29</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:54339">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>FOREIGN EXCHANGE RATE POLICY IMPLICATIONS ON COMPETITIVENESS IN AGRICULTURE</title>
  <abstract>By this study we follow the discussion initiated by prof. Magda in his article Ã¢Â€ÂœExchange rate policy and the agricultureÃ¢Â€Â, also reflecting to Lakner-Podrudzsik Ã¢Â€ÂœDoes the depreciation of the forint mean a medicine or a placebo?Ã¢Â€Â We argue that the real effective exchange rate Ã¢Â€Â“ in case of small and open economies, especially in the medium term Ã¢Â€Â“ basically determines the competitiveness of the economy as a whole, and the agriculture, as a part. In this paper we analyse the effects of the forint exchange rate divergence from the equilibrium exchange rate and its volatility, in relation to the specifications of the agricultural sector with possibilities to accommodate. In this sense we correspond to prof. CsÃƒÂ¡ki, saying that recent appreciation of the forint has clarified the insufficient competitiveness and weak effectiveness of the Hungarian agriculture. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX TanulmÃƒÂ¡nyunk hozzÃƒÂ¡szÃƒÂ³lÃƒÂ¡s Magda SÃƒÂ¡ndor: Ã¢Â€ÂžÃƒÂrfolyampolitika ÃƒÂ©s az agrÃƒÂ¡r-gazdasÃƒÂ¡gÃ¢Â€Â cikkÃƒÂ©hez, egyÃƒÂºttal reflektÃƒÂ¡lva Lakner ZoltÃƒÂ¡n dr. ÃƒÂ©s Podruzsik SzilÃƒÂ¡rd: Ã¢Â€ÂžGyÃƒÂ³gyÃƒÂ­r vagy placebÃƒÂ³ a forint leÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kelÃƒÂ©seÃ¢Â€Â cÃƒÂ­mÃ…Â± cikkÃƒÂ©re. ÃƒÂllÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sunk, hogy a reÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ¡rfolyam Ã¢Â€Â“ kis, nyitott ÃƒÂ©s felzÃƒÂ¡rkÃƒÂ³zÃƒÂ³ nemzetgazdasÃƒÂ¡g esetÃƒÂ©ben Ã¢Â€Â“ lÃƒÂ©nyegesen befolyÃƒÂ¡solja a reÃƒÂ¡lgazdasÃƒÂ¡g, ezen belÃƒÂ¼l az agrÃƒÂ¡rszektor versenykÃƒÂ©pessÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©t, elsÃ…Â‘sorban kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ©ptÃƒÂ¡von. ElemzÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ¼k sorÃƒÂ¡n a forintnak az egyensÃƒÂºlyi devizaÃƒÂ¡rfolyamtÃƒÂ³l valÃƒÂ³ eltÃƒÂ©rÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©nek, valamint a forintÃƒÂ¡rfolyam vÃƒÂ¡lto-zÃƒÂ©konysÃƒÂ¡gÃƒÂ¡nak hatÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡t vizsgÃƒÂ¡ltuk, tekintettel az agrÃƒÂ¡rÃƒÂ¡gazat sajÃƒÂ¡tossÃƒÂ¡gaira ÃƒÂ©s alkalmazkodÃƒÂ¡si lehetÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©geire. Ebben a vonatkozÃƒÂ¡sban cikkÃƒÂ¼nk tehÃƒÂ¡t kapcsolÃƒÂ³-dik CsÃƒÂ¡ki Csaba dr. hozzÃƒÂ¡szÃƒÂ³lÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡ban leÃƒÂ­rtakhoz, amely szerint a forint kÃƒÂ¶zel-mÃƒÂºltbeli felÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kelÃ…Â‘dÃƒÂ©se egyÃƒÂ©rtelmÃ…Â±vÃƒÂ© tette a magyar mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡g elÃƒÂ©gtelen versenykÃƒÂ©pessÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©t ÃƒÂ©s gyenge hatÃƒÂ©konysÃƒÂ¡gÃƒÂ¡t.</abstract>
  <keywords>monetary policy, foreign exchange rate, parity - monetaÃƒÂ¡ris politika, ÃƒÂ¡rfolyam, paritÃƒÂ¡s, Agricultural Finance, Political Economy,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>12</issue>
   <issuedate>2005</issuedate>
   <volume>49</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/54339</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Farka-Fekete, Maria</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Sagi, Judit</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:54314</identifier><datestamp>2010-01-29</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:54314">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>A MAGYARORSZÃƒÂGI TEJPIAC VÃƒÂRHATÃƒÂ“ ALAKULÃƒÂSA</title>
  <abstract>Az EU csatlakozÃƒÂ¡s drasztikus hatÃƒÂ¡ssal volt a hazai tejszektorra, ilyen kÃƒÂ¶rnye-zetben kÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¶nÃƒÂ¶sen fontos, hogy a jÃƒÂ¶vÃ…Â‘beni tendenciÃƒÂ¡krÃƒÂ³l megbÃƒÂ­zhatÃƒÂ³ informÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³k ÃƒÂ¡lljanak rendelkezÃƒÂ©sre. E cikk keretÃƒÂ©ben a hazai, az uniÃƒÂ³s ÃƒÂ©s a vilÃƒÂ¡gpiaci helyzet ÃƒÂ¡ttekintÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©t, valamint a rendelkezÃƒÂ©sre ÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ³ prognÃƒÂ³zisok alapjÃƒÂ¡n a magyarorszÃƒÂ¡gi tejpiac vÃƒÂ¡rhatÃƒÂ³ alakulÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡t mutatom be. Az erÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ¶dÃ…Â‘ kereslet kÃƒÂ¶vetkeztÃƒÂ©ben a tejtermÃƒÂ©kek vilÃƒÂ¡gpiaci ÃƒÂ¡rÃƒÂ¡nak emelke-dÃƒÂ©se valÃƒÂ³szÃƒÂ­nÃ…Â±sÃƒÂ­thetÃ…Â‘. A legnagyobb ÃƒÂ¡remelkedÃƒÂ©s a sajtnÃƒÂ¡l ÃƒÂ©s vajnÃƒÂ¡l vÃƒÂ¡rhatÃƒÂ³, a tejporok ÃƒÂ¡ra kisebb mÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kben nÃ…Â‘. Az OECD prognÃƒÂ³zisa szerint a vilÃƒÂ¡gtermelÃƒÂ©s 2013-ig jelentÃ…Â‘sen emelkedik, az EU-25 termelÃƒÂ©se pedig stagnÃƒÂ¡l. ElsÃ…Â‘sorban az intervenciÃƒÂ³s ÃƒÂ¡rak csÃƒÂ¶kkentÃƒÂ©se miatt az EurÃƒÂ³pai UniÃƒÂ³ban a prognÃƒÂ³zisok szerint a tej piaci ÃƒÂ¡ra 15-20 szÃƒÂ¡zalÃƒÂ©kkal visszaesik 2004-2007 kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶tt. A hazai tejtermelÃƒÂ©s a romlÃƒÂ³ jÃƒÂ¶vedelmezÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©g ÃƒÂ©s a szigorÃƒÂºbb minÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©gi elÃ…Â‘ÃƒÂ­rÃƒÂ¡sok ÃƒÂ©letbelÃƒÂ©pÃƒÂ©se miatt az EU csatlakozÃƒÂ¡s utÃƒÂ¡n jelentÃ…Â‘sen csÃƒÂ¶kkent, ÃƒÂ­gy nem tudja ki-hasznÃƒÂ¡lni az orszÃƒÂ¡g az EU ÃƒÂ¡ltal biztosÃƒÂ­tott kvÃƒÂ³tÃƒÂ¡t. A nyerstej termelÃ…Â‘i ÃƒÂ¡ra a rend-szervÃƒÂ¡ltÃƒÂ¡s ÃƒÂ³ta folyamatosan emelkedett, de az utÃƒÂ³bbi ÃƒÂ©vekben a nÃƒÂ¶vekedÃƒÂ©s ÃƒÂ¼teme csÃƒÂ¶kkent. 2003 vÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©re a felesleges tej kÃƒÂ¼lpiaci levezetÃƒÂ©se finanszÃƒÂ­rozhatatlannÃƒÂ¡ vÃƒÂ¡lt. Az ÃƒÂ¡rak zuhanni kezdtek, ami drasztikus vÃƒÂ¡ltozÃƒÂ¡sokat hozott a magyar tej-termelÃ…Â‘k szÃƒÂ¡mÃƒÂ¡ra. E tÃƒÂ©nyezÃ…Â‘k figyelembevÃƒÂ©telÃƒÂ©vel kÃƒÂ©szÃƒÂ­tett prognÃƒÂ³zisom szerint a 2005 vÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©ig terjedÃ…Â‘ idÃ…Â‘szakban MagyarorszÃƒÂ¡gon a nyerstej termelÃ…Â‘i ÃƒÂ¡rÃƒÂ¡nak enyhe csÃƒÂ¶kkenÃƒÂ©-sÃƒÂ©t, illetve stagnÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡t valÃƒÂ³szÃƒÂ­nÃ…Â±sÃƒÂ­tem. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX EU accession had a drastic effect on the Hungarian milk sector; in such an environment it is particularly important to have reliable information available regarding future trends. In this article I present an overview of the Hungarian, EU and global market situation as well as the expected evolution of the Hungarian milk market based on available forecasts. As a result of growing demand, a rise in the global market price of dairy products is probable. The biggest price increases can be expected in cheese and butter, while the price of powdered milk will rise to a lesser extent. OECD forecasts state that global production will grow significantly until 2013, while EU-25 production will stagnate. According to the forecasts, milk market prices will fall between 15 and 20 percent between 2004-2007, primarily as a result of reduced intervention prices. Hungarian milk production fell significantly after EU accession as a result of reduced profitability and the coming into force of stricter quality regulations, as a result, the country is unable to take advantage of the quotas guaranteed by the EU. The price of unpasteurised milk has risen continuously since HungaryÃ¢Â€Â™s democratic transformation; however, in recent years the rate of growth has fallen. By the end of 2003, the redirection of excess milk to foreign markets had become financially unsupportable. Prices began to crash, which brought drastic changes for Hungarian milk producers. Taking these factors into account, my forecast suggests that in the period to the end of 2005, unpasteurised milk production prices in Hungary will fall slightly and stagnate.</abstract>
  <keywords>magyar tejpiac elÃ…Â‘rejelzÃƒÂ©se, romlÃƒÂ³ jÃƒÂ¶vedelemerzÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©g, finanszÃƒÂ­rozÃƒÂ¡si problÃƒÂ©mÃƒÂ¡k - prediction of Hungarian milk market, decreasing profitability, financial problems, Agricultural and Food Policy, Demand and Price Analysis, Livestock Production/Industries,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>4</issue>
   <issuedate>2005</issuedate>
   <volume>49</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/54314</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Vago, Szabolcs</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:54318</identifier><datestamp>2010-01-29</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:54318">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>VENDÃƒÂ‰GFOGADÃƒÂS A KARCAGI KISTÃƒÂ‰RSÃƒÂ‰GBEN</title>
  <abstract>ÃƒÂ–sszefoglalÃƒÂ¡skÃƒÂ©nt megÃƒÂ¡llapÃƒÂ­thatÃƒÂ³, hogy a Karcagi kistÃƒÂ©rsÃƒÂ©g elsÃ…Â‘sorban ter-mÃƒÂ©szeti adottsÃƒÂ¡gai (folyÃƒÂ³k ÃƒÂ©s holtÃƒÂ¡gak, kunhalmok, pusztÃƒÂ¡k, Ã…Â‘si nÃƒÂ¶vÃƒÂ©ny- ÃƒÂ©s ÃƒÂ¡llat-vilÃƒÂ¡g), valamint a gyÃƒÂ³gyvÃƒÂ­zre ÃƒÂ©pÃƒÂ¼lÃ…Â‘ vendÃƒÂ©glÃƒÂ¡tÃƒÂ¡s rÃƒÂ©vÃƒÂ©n gazdagÃƒÂ­thatja a jÃƒÂ¶vÃ…Â‘ben is MagyarorszÃƒÂ¡g turisztikai kÃƒÂ­nÃƒÂ¡latÃƒÂ¡t. Mindezt hatÃƒÂ©konyan egÃƒÂ©szÃƒÂ­tik ki az ÃƒÂ©pÃƒÂ­tett kÃƒÂ¶rnyezetben megtalÃƒÂ¡lhatÃƒÂ³ ÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kek (mÃƒÂºzeumok, templomok, egyÃƒÂ©b ÃƒÂ©pÃƒÂ¼letek), il-letve a meglÃƒÂ©vÃ…Â‘ hagyomÃƒÂ¡nyok, kulturÃƒÂ¡lis rendezvÃƒÂ©nyek ÃƒÂ©s programok. KutatÃƒÂ¡-sunk sorÃƒÂ¡n ezzel ÃƒÂ¶sszefÃƒÂ¼ggÃƒÂ©sben vizsgÃƒÂ¡ltuk az itt ÃƒÂ©lÃ…Â‘ vendÃƒÂ©gfogadÃƒÂ³k jelenlegi te-vÃƒÂ©kenysÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©t ÃƒÂ©s jÃƒÂ¶vÃ…Â‘beni elkÃƒÂ©pzelÃƒÂ©seit. Nevezettek kÃƒÂ¶rÃƒÂ©ben 2002-ben elvÃƒÂ©gzett kÃƒÂ©rdÃ…Â‘ÃƒÂ­ves felmÃƒÂ©rÃƒÂ©s ÃƒÂ©s mÃƒÂ©lyinterjÃƒÂºk alapjÃƒÂ¡n egyÃƒÂ©rtelmÃ…Â±, hogy a kistÃƒÂ©rsÃƒÂ©gben nem a szakirodalmi meghatÃƒÂ¡rozÃƒÂ¡s kritÃƒÂ©riumainak megfelelÃ…Â‘ falusi turizmus, hanem a falusi, kisvÃƒÂ¡rosi kÃƒÂ¶rnyezetben zajlÃƒÂ³, Ã¢Â€Â“ inkÃƒÂ¡bb a fizetÃ…Â‘vendÃƒÂ©glÃƒÂ¡tÃƒÂ¡shoz kÃƒÂ¶zelÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ³ Ã¢Â€Â“ vidÃƒÂ©ki turizmus a jellemzÃ…Â‘. A vendÃƒÂ©gek rendelkezÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©re ÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ³ szÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ¡shelyek megfe-lelÃ…Â‘ szÃƒÂ­nvonalÃƒÂºak, a vendÃƒÂ©glÃƒÂ¡tÃƒÂ³k kÃƒÂ¶tÃ…Â‘dnek lakÃƒÂ³helyÃƒÂ¼khÃƒÂ¶z, tÃƒÂ¶bbsÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ¼k a megjelÃƒÂ¶lt segÃƒÂ­tsÃƒÂ©gnyÃƒÂºjtÃƒÂ¡s (reklÃƒÂ¡m lehetÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©g, nyelvtanulÃƒÂ¡s, programszervezÃƒÂ©s stb.) esetÃƒÂ©n jelenlegi tevÃƒÂ©kenysÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©t fejleszteni kÃƒÂ­vÃƒÂ¡nja. Ezek a tÃƒÂ¶rekvÃƒÂ©sek egy ÃƒÂ¶sszehangolt kistÃƒÂ©rsÃƒÂ©gi turisztikai fejlesztÃƒÂ©si program rÃƒÂ©vÃƒÂ©n biztosÃƒÂ­thatjÃƒÂ¡k Ã¢Â€Â“ az elsÃ…Â‘sorban gyÃƒÂ³gy- ÃƒÂ©s ÃƒÂ¶koturizmusra ÃƒÂ©pÃƒÂ¼lÃ…Â‘ Ã¢Â€Â“ vendÃƒÂ©gfogadÃƒÂ¡s kiteljesedÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©t, amely a jÃƒÂ¶vÃ…Â‘ben lehetÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©get nyÃƒÂºjt a kistÃƒÂ©rsÃƒÂ©gben ÃƒÂ©lÃ…Â‘k jÃƒÂ¶vedelmÃƒÂ©nek, illetve ezen keresztÃƒÂ¼l a vizs-gÃƒÂ¡lt terÃƒÂ¼let nÃƒÂ©pessÃƒÂ©gmegtartÃƒÂ³ erejÃƒÂ©nek nÃƒÂ¶velÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©re is. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX To summarise, it can be stated that the Karcag small region can continue to enrich HungaryÃ¢Â€Â™s range of tourist attractions in the future, primarily due to its natural attributes (rivers and backwaters, kun burial barrows, plains, ancient plant and animal life) and its spabased hospitality industry. All this is effectively complemented by the assets to be found in the built environment (museums, churches and other buildings), as well as the extant traditions, cultural events and programmes. In connection with this, in the course of our research we examined the current activities of local hosts and their ideas for the future. A questionnaire and interview based survey conducted in 2002 among the aforementioned group found conclusively that it is not village tourism as per the criteria set out in the specialist literature, which characterises the small region, but rather the regional tourism that takes place in village and small town environments Ã¢Â€Â“ closer to the paying guest model. The accommodation available to guests is of an adequate standard and the hosts are attached to their homes, the majority expressed a desire to develop their current activities in the event of the indicated support (advertising opportunities, foreign language learning, event organisation), being available. In the context of a coordinated small region tourism development programme these efforts can secure the achievement of a hospitality sector Ã¢Â€Â“ primarily built on spa and ecotourism Ã¢Â€Â“ that offers the opportunity of increasing income for those living in the small region and, as a result, greater population retention in the region under examination.</abstract>
  <keywords>terrmÃƒÂ©szeti adottsÃƒÂ¡gok, vidÃƒÂ©ki turizmus, natural circumstances, rural tourism, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Labor and Human Capital,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>4</issue>
   <issuedate>2005</issuedate>
   <volume>49</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/54318</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Hekline-Herbaly, Katalin</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:54335</identifier><datestamp>2010-01-29</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:54335">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>A KÃƒÂVÃƒÂ‰ HAZAI ÃƒÂ‰S VILÃƒÂGPIACA</title>
  <abstract>A kÃƒÂ¡vÃƒÂ© kereskedelme a nemzetkÃƒÂ¶zi tÃ…Â‘zsdÃƒÂ©ken folyik. Amikor a kÃƒÂ­nÃƒÂ¡lat meg-haladja a keresletet, tÃƒÂºlkÃƒÂ­nÃƒÂ¡lat van. Ekkor alacsony a kÃƒÂ¡vÃƒÂ© ÃƒÂ¡ra, a tÃƒÂºltermelÃƒÂ©si vÃƒÂ¡lsÃƒÂ¡g jelei mutatkoznak: elÃƒÂ©getik a kÃƒÂ¡vÃƒÂ©t. A kistermelÃ…Â‘k a tÃƒÂ¶nk szÃƒÂ©lÃƒÂ©re kerÃƒÂ¼l-nek. Ebben az idÃ…Â‘szakban a termelÃ…Â‘k kiirtjÃƒÂ¡k, illetve elhanyagoljÃƒÂ¡k a kÃƒÂ¡vÃƒÂ©cser-jÃƒÂ©ket. A kÃƒÂ¡vÃƒÂ©exportÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ³ orszÃƒÂ¡gok csÃƒÂ¶kkentik a termelÃƒÂ©st, az exportot is visszafog-jÃƒÂ¡k, a raktÃƒÂ¡rkÃƒÂ©szlet nÃƒÂ¶vekszik. Az elmaradt invesztÃƒÂ­ciÃƒÂ³ ÃƒÂ©s a rossz idÃ…Â‘jÃƒÂ¡rÃƒÂ¡si kÃƒÂ¶-rÃƒÂ¼lmÃƒÂ©nyek hatÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡ra a kÃƒÂ­nÃƒÂ¡lat csÃƒÂ¶kken, majd a kereslet meghaladja a kÃƒÂ­nÃƒÂ¡latot, ami mÃƒÂ©g ellensÃƒÂºlyozhatÃƒÂ³ a raktÃƒÂ¡rkÃƒÂ©szletek piacra dobÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡val. Mivel a kÃƒÂ¡vÃƒÂ©cser-jÃƒÂ©k csak ÃƒÂ¶t ÃƒÂ©v utÃƒÂ¡n fordulnak termÃ…Â‘re, a kereslet tartÃƒÂ³san meghaladja a kÃƒÂ­nÃƒÂ¡la-tot. Ekkor a kÃƒÂ¡vÃƒÂ©ÃƒÂ¡rak a magasba szÃƒÂ¶knek. Ebben az idÃ…Â‘szakban mÃƒÂ¡r megÃƒÂ©ri az invesztÃƒÂ­ciÃƒÂ³, a kÃƒÂ¡vÃƒÂ©cserjÃƒÂ©k telepÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©se, majd beindul a kÃƒÂ­nÃƒÂ¡lat nÃƒÂ¶vekedÃƒÂ©se, ÃƒÂ©s kez-dÃ…Â‘dik az Ã¢Â€ÂžÃƒÂ¡rcsÃƒÂ¶kkenÃƒÂ©sÃ¢Â€Â idÃ…Â‘szaka. A kÃƒÂ¡vÃƒÂ©piac tehÃƒÂ¡t ciklikus, egy-egy ciklus ÃƒÂ¡lta-lÃƒÂ¡ban 10-12 ÃƒÂ©vig tart. A vilÃƒÂ¡gpiacon 1994-ben volt a tÃƒÂºlkereslet csÃƒÂºcspontja, a tÃƒÂºlkÃƒÂ­nÃƒÂ¡lat pedig 2002-ben tetÃ…Â‘zÃƒÂ¶tt. A kÃƒÂ¡vÃƒÂ©piac ciklikussÃƒÂ¡ga nemcsak az egyes ÃƒÂ©vek viszonylatÃƒÂ¡ban figyelhetÃ…Â‘ meg, hanem a hÃƒÂ³napok, napok esetÃƒÂ©ben is. A magyar kÃƒÂ¡vÃƒÂ©piacot a rendszervÃƒÂ¡ltÃƒÂ¡st kÃƒÂ¶vetÃ…Â‘ ÃƒÂ©vekben a fekete-kereskedelem jellemezte. HiÃƒÂ¡ba tettek ellene intÃƒÂ©zkedÃƒÂ©seket, azok nem bizonyultak hatÃƒÂ¡sosnak, csak a kÃƒÂ¡vÃƒÂ© adÃƒÂ³terhÃƒÂ©nek csÃƒÂ¶kkenÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©vel szorult vissza. HazÃƒÂ¡nk tradicionÃƒÂ¡lisan Ã…Â‘rÃƒÂ¶lt-pÃƒÂ¶rkÃƒÂ¶lt kÃƒÂ¡vÃƒÂ©fogyasztÃƒÂ³ orszÃƒÂ¡g. A kÃƒÂ¡vÃƒÂ©piac erÃ…Â‘sen koncentrÃƒÂ¡lt, a multinacio-nÃƒÂ¡lis cÃƒÂ©gek erÃ…Â‘s mÃƒÂ¡rkaÃƒÂ©pÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©st folytatnak, ezÃƒÂ¡ltal a sajÃƒÂ¡t mÃƒÂ¡rkÃƒÂ¡k sÃƒÂºlya ebben a szektorban jÃƒÂ³val ÃƒÂ¡tlag alatti. A kÃƒÂ¡vÃƒÂ©ÃƒÂ¡rak csÃƒÂ¶kkenÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©nek hatÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡ra a prÃƒÂ©mium szegmens erÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ¶dÃƒÂ¶tt, a fogyasztÃƒÂ³k tÃƒÂ¶bbsÃƒÂ©ge egy szinttel feljebb vÃƒÂ¡ltott, a kÃƒÂ¡vÃƒÂ©keve-rÃƒÂ©kek sÃƒÂºlya csÃƒÂ¶kkent. A vÃƒÂ¡llalatok az innovÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³kkal elsÃ…Â‘sorban a fiatalokat cÃƒÂ©loz-zÃƒÂ¡k meg: a cappuccinÃƒÂ³k, a 3in1 ÃƒÂ©s a hideg kÃƒÂ¡vÃƒÂ©italok elsÃ…Â‘dleges cÃƒÂ©lcsoportja a fia-talok. A cappuccinÃƒÂ³-piac 2002-ben ÃƒÂ©rettÃƒÂ© vÃƒÂ¡lt, akkor szÃƒÂ¼letett az ÃƒÂºj szegmens: a 3in1, 2005-ben pedig mÃƒÂ¡r a 3in1 termÃƒÂ©k ÃƒÂºj generÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³ja is megszÃƒÂ¼letett. A hazÃƒÂ¡nkban a 90-es ÃƒÂ©vek elejÃƒÂ©n megjelenÃ…Â‘ multinacionÃƒÂ¡lis cÃƒÂ©gek a korszerÃ…Â± gyÃƒÂ¡rtÃƒÂ¡si ÃƒÂ©s csomagolÃƒÂ¡si technolÃƒÂ³giÃƒÂ¡knak kÃƒÂ¶szÃƒÂ¶nhetÃ…Â‘en vezettÃƒÂ©k be az Ã…Â‘rÃƒÂ¶lt-pÃƒÂ¶rkÃƒÂ¶lt kÃƒÂ¡vÃƒÂ©kat. A szemes kÃƒÂ¡vÃƒÂ©k fÃƒÂ©nykora ezzel leÃƒÂ¡ldozott. A valÃƒÂ³di instant kÃƒÂ¡-vÃƒÂ©k, majd az instant kÃƒÂ¡vÃƒÂ©specialitÃƒÂ¡sok megjelenÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©vel az Ã…Â‘rÃƒÂ¶lt-pÃƒÂ¶rkÃƒÂ¶lt kÃƒÂ¡vÃƒÂ©k pi-aci rÃƒÂ©szesedÃƒÂ©se csÃƒÂ¶kkent, majd az alacsonyabb szinten stabilizÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ³dott. Az ÃƒÂºjdon-sÃƒÂ¡gok piaci rÃƒÂ©szesedÃƒÂ©se a bevezetÃƒÂ©st kÃƒÂ¶vetÃ…Â‘en hirtelen nÃ…Â‘tt, majd kialakultak az ÃƒÂ©veken ÃƒÂ¡t fennÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ³ arÃƒÂ¡nyok. A kereskedelmi forgalomban a szemes kÃƒÂ¡vÃƒÂ©k piaci rÃƒÂ©szarÃƒÂ¡nya csupÃƒÂ¡n 1-2%, az Ã…Â‘rÃƒÂ¶lt-pÃƒÂ¶rkÃƒÂ¶lt kÃƒÂ¡vÃƒÂ©k rÃƒÂ©szesedÃƒÂ©se 75%. A valÃƒÂ³di ins-tant kÃƒÂ¡vÃƒÂ©k ÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kbeli rÃƒÂ©szesedÃƒÂ©se nÃƒÂ¶vekvÃ…Â‘ (34%). XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Coffee trade is performed on international coffee exchanges. In times when supply exceeds demand oversupply exists. At such times the price of coffee is low and signs of crisis due to overproduction develop: coffee beans are burnt, coffee shrubs are outrooted or neglected, countries growing coffee beans reduce their production and coffee exports, coffee stocks increase. Due to lagging investments and unfavourable weather conditions supply declines and eventually demand exceeds supply, the effects of which can be countered for a while from the sale of stocks. As it takes 5 years for newly planted coffee shrubs to produce coffee, demand may exceed supply for prolonged periods of time. At such times the price of coffee beans increases to a high level; it is worth to make new investments, new coffee shrubs are planted and supply increases, initiating a new period of declining coffee prices. Thus the coffee market is cyclic in nature, with each cycle lasting 10-12 years. On world markets over-demand of coffee peaked in 1994 and oversupply peaked in 2002. The cyclic nature of coffee markets occurs not only with respect to years, but also to months and even days. The Hungarian coffee market in the years after the change of political regime was characterised by black market, which no countermeasures could suppress other than reducing the tax burden on coffee. Traditionally in this country ground-roasted coffee beans are consumed. The coffee market is strongly concentrated in the hands multinational companies, displaying strong activity in brand promotion. Consequently the weight of their own brands in this sector is well above average. With reduction in coffee prices the segment of market including premium quality coffee strengthened; consumers changed to a better quality coffee, thus reducing the weight of coffee mixtures. Innovations such as cappuccinos, 3in1 and cold coffee drinks are directed primarily at young people. The cappuccino market peaked in 2002, when the 3in1 appeared and in 2005 a new generation of 3in1 came on the market. The multinational enterprises entering the Hungarian market in the 90Ã¢Â€Â™s successfully introduced the ground-roasted coffee due to their modern production and packaging technology. The heydays of roasted coffee beans have ended. With the introduction of real instant coffee and the appearance of coffee specialities the market share of ground-roasted coffee declined somewhat, but stabilized at a lower level. The market share of novelties increased quite suddenly, than stable ratios developed over the years. The market share of roasted coffee beans is a mere 1-2% and that of ground-roasted coffee is 75%. The market share of real instant coffee by value is increasing (34%).</abstract>
  <keywords>kÃƒÂ¡vÃƒÂ©, kereslet, kÃƒÂ­nÃƒÂ¡lat, hazai ÃƒÂ©s vilÃƒÂ¡gpiac - coffee, demand, supply, domestic and world market, Agribusiness, International Relations/Trade,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>5</issue>
   <issuedate>2005</issuedate>
   <volume>49</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/54335</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Letenyei, Krisztina</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:54315</identifier><datestamp>2010-01-29</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:54315">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>KÃƒÂ‰T TEJTERMELÃ…Â SZARVASMARHA TELEP ÃƒÂ–SSZEHASONLÃƒÂTÃƒÂ“ VIZSGÃƒÂLATA</title>
  <abstract>A szerzÃ…Â‘k kÃƒÂ©t holstein-frÃƒÂ­z tejelÃ…Â‘ tehenÃƒÂ©szet termelÃƒÂ©si mutatÃƒÂ³it ÃƒÂ©s az ÃƒÂ¡llatorvosi gyÃƒÂ³gyszerkÃƒÂ¶ltsÃƒÂ©get vizsgÃƒÂ¡ltÃƒÂ¡k 2000-2002. ÃƒÂ©vekben. A tehenenkÃƒÂ©nti ÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kesÃƒÂ­tett tej mennyisÃƒÂ©ge az ÃƒÂ©vek sorÃƒÂ¡n jelentÃ…Â‘sen nÃ…Â‘tt, a borjÃƒÂºszaporulat stagnÃƒÂ¡lt. A fajlagos gyÃƒÂ³gyszerkÃƒÂ¶ltsÃƒÂ©g a hÃƒÂ¡rom ÃƒÂ©v alatt ÃƒÂ©vrÃ…Â‘lÃƒÂ©vre emelkedett. A vizsgÃƒÂ¡lt idÃ…Â‘-szakban az egy ÃƒÂ¡tlagtehÃƒÂ©nre jutÃƒÂ³ gyÃƒÂ³gyszerkÃƒÂ¶ltsÃƒÂ©gnek kÃƒÂ¶zel a felÃƒÂ©t az antibiotikumok adtÃƒÂ¡k, ezt kÃƒÂ¶vettÃƒÂ©k a vitaminok, a hormonok, a vakcinÃƒÂ¡k, majd az egyÃƒÂ©b kÃƒÂ©szÃƒÂ­tmÃƒÂ©nyek, a fertÃ…Â‘tlenÃƒÂ­tÃ…Â‘szerek, az antiparazitikumok, az ÃƒÂ¡llatgyÃƒÂ³gyÃƒÂ¡szati eszkÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶k ÃƒÂ©s vÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ¼l, a legkisebb szÃƒÂ¡zalÃƒÂ©kban, a gyulladÃƒÂ¡scsÃƒÂ¶kkentÃ…Â‘k. Az antibiotikumok ÃƒÂ©s a hormonok arÃƒÂ¡nya csÃƒÂ¶kkent, ugyanakkor a preventÃƒÂ­v szerek, a vitaminok ÃƒÂ©s ÃƒÂ¡svÃƒÂ¡nyi anyagok, valamint a vakcinÃƒÂ¡k kÃƒÂ¶ltsÃƒÂ©ghÃƒÂ¡nyada jelentÃ…Â‘sen emelkedett. A nÃƒÂ¶vekvÃ…Â‘ gyÃƒÂ³gyszerfelhasznÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ¡st Ã¢Â€Â“ vÃƒÂ¡ltozatlan szaporodÃƒÂ¡sbiolÃƒÂ³giai ÃƒÂ¡l-lapot mellett Ã¢Â€Â“ a fajlagos tejtermelÃƒÂ©s nagymÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kÃ…Â± nÃƒÂ¶vekedÃƒÂ©se, nagyon alacsony elhullÃƒÂ¡s, kÃƒÂ©nyszervÃƒÂ¡gÃƒÂ¡s, valamint az 1 liter tejre esÃ…Â‘ gyÃƒÂ³gyszerkÃƒÂ¶ltsÃƒÂ©g nÃƒÂ¶vekedÃƒÂ©se kÃƒÂ­sÃƒÂ©rte. Az antibiotikumok felhasznÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡nak csÃƒÂ¶kkentÃƒÂ©se ÃƒÂ©s kivÃƒÂ¡ltÃƒÂ¡suk olcsÃƒÂ³bb, de kÃƒÂ¶zel azonos szerekkel reÃƒÂ¡lis cÃƒÂ©l az elkÃƒÂ¶vetkezÃ…Â‘ ÃƒÂ©vekben mind kÃƒÂ©t telepen, s ÃƒÂ­gy az egy tehÃƒÂ©nre esÃ…Â‘ gyÃƒÂ³gyszerkÃƒÂ¶ltsÃƒÂ©gek jelentÃ…Â‘sen csÃƒÂ¶kkenthetÃ…Â‘k. Fontos mindkÃƒÂ©t telepen a kÃƒÂ¶ltsÃƒÂ©gek ÃƒÂ©s a bevÃƒÂ©telek ÃƒÂ¡llandÃƒÂ³ elemzÃƒÂ©se az esetleges hibÃƒÂ¡k, kedvezÃ…Â‘tlen jelensÃƒÂ©gek kijavÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sa ÃƒÂ©rdekÃƒÂ©ben. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX The authors studied the production indicators and the veterinary bills of two holstein-frisian milking dairy farms during 2000-2002. The amount of milk sold per cow grew significantly over the years, while calf progeny stagnated. Specific medicinal costs increased year on year. During the period studied, almost half of the medicinal costs per average cow consisted of antibiotics, followed by vitamins, hormones and vaccines, then other preparations such as disinfectants, parasiticides and veterinary implements and finally, the lowest percentage, anti-inflammatories. The ratio of antibiotics and hormones fell, while the cost ratio of preventative remedies, vitamins, minerals and vaccines, rose significantly. The increase in medicine usage Ã¢Â€Â“ alongside an unchanged reproductive condition Ã¢Â€Â“ was accompanied by a substantial growth in specific milk production, a very low death or compulsory slaughter rate and an increase in the medicinal cost per litre of milk produced. A reduction in the use of antibiotics and their replacement with cheaper, but almost identical preparations is a realistic goal at both farms in the coming years. In this way the medicinal costs per cow can be significantly reduced. The continuous analysis of expenditure and income is important at both sites, in the interests of correcting potential errors and unfavourable occurrences.</abstract>
  <keywords>tejtermelÃ…Â‘ tehenÃƒÂ©szetek, ÃƒÂ¶sszehasonlÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ³ gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi elemzÃƒÂ©s, gyÃƒÂ³gyszerkÃƒÂ¶ltsÃƒÂ©g csÃƒÂ¶kkentÃƒÂ©s - dairies, comparative economic analysis, decrease of medical costs, Agribusiness, Livestock Production/Industries, Production Economics,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>4</issue>
   <issuedate>2005</issuedate>
   <volume>49</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/54315</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Varga, Noemi</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Bertalanne-Varallyai, Erika</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Salamon, Lajos</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:54296</identifier><datestamp>2010-01-29</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:54296">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>A KÃƒÂœLFÃƒÂ–LDI TÃ…ÂKE SZEREPE A MEZÃ…ÂGAZDASÃƒÂGBAN</title>
  <abstract>A kÃƒÂ¼lfÃƒÂ¶ldi tÃ…Â‘ke ÃƒÂ©rdeklÃ…Â‘dÃƒÂ©se a magyar mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡g irÃƒÂ¡nt 87,2 milliÃƒÂ¡rd forint sajÃƒÂ¡ttÃ…Â‘ke-rÃƒÂ©sszel 2002-ben ÃƒÂ©rte el a csÃƒÂºcsot a KSH adatai szerint. ForintÃƒÂ¡rfolya-mon szÃƒÂ¡molva 1993 ÃƒÂ©s 2001 kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶tt 6,3-szeresÃƒÂ©re nÃ…Â‘tt a jegyzett tÃ…Â‘kÃƒÂ©ben a kÃƒÂ¼lfÃƒÂ¶l-di tÃ…Â‘ke ÃƒÂ¶sszege, eurÃƒÂ³ban szÃƒÂ¡molva 2,6-szeres volt a nÃƒÂ¶vekedÃƒÂ©s. A mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi termelÃƒÂ©sben kettÃ…Â‘s kÃƒÂ¶nyvelÃƒÂ©st vezetÃ…Â‘ gazdasÃƒÂ¡goknÃƒÂ¡l a kÃƒÂ¼l-fÃƒÂ¶ldi tÃ…Â‘ke a jegyzett tÃ…Â‘kÃƒÂ©bÃ…Â‘l 7,3 milliÃƒÂ¡rd forintrÃƒÂ³l (1993. ÃƒÂ©vi adat) 2000-re 31,5 milliÃƒÂ¡rd forintra emelkedett, majd 2003-ra 24,5 milliÃƒÂ¡rdra csÃƒÂ¶kkent. A kÃƒÂ©t ÃƒÂ©v alatti tÃƒÂ¶bb mint 20 szÃƒÂ¡zalÃƒÂ©kos visszaesÃƒÂ©s a kÃƒÂ¼lfÃƒÂ¶ldi tÃ…Â‘ke ÃƒÂ©rdekvesztÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©t jelzi. A legnagyobb csÃƒÂ¶kkenÃƒÂ©s a gabonafÃƒÂ©lÃƒÂ©k, egyÃƒÂ©b mÃƒÂ¡shova nem sorolt nÃƒÂ¶vÃƒÂ©nyek szak-ÃƒÂ¡gazatban volt a legnagyobb. A kÃƒÂ¼lfÃƒÂ¶ldi tÃ…Â‘ke 2/3-a a nÃƒÂ¶vÃƒÂ©nytermelÃƒÂ©si ÃƒÂ©s kertÃƒÂ©sze-ti ÃƒÂ¡gazatokban szerzett ÃƒÂ©rdekeltsÃƒÂ©get. Az ÃƒÂ¡llattenyÃƒÂ©sztÃƒÂ©sen belÃƒÂ¼l a kÃƒÂ¼lfÃƒÂ¶ldiek el-sÃ…Â‘sorban a szarvasmarha ÃƒÂ¡gazatba fektettek be. Az elmÃƒÂºlt tÃƒÂ­z ÃƒÂ©vet tekintve a kettÃ…Â‘s kÃƒÂ¶nyvelÃƒÂ©st vezetÃ…Â‘, szÃƒÂ¡z szÃƒÂ¡zalÃƒÂ©kban bel-fÃƒÂ¶ldi tulajdonban lÃƒÂ©vÃ…Â‘ mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi vÃƒÂ¡llalkozÃƒÂ¡sok eszkÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¡llomÃƒÂ¡nya alig tÃƒÂ¶bb mint kÃƒÂ©tszeresÃƒÂ©re vÃƒÂ¡ltozott, a kÃƒÂ¼lfÃƒÂ¶ldi ÃƒÂ©rdekeltsÃƒÂ©gÃ…Â± vÃƒÂ¡llalkozÃƒÂ¡sok eszkÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¡llomÃƒÂ¡-nya kÃƒÂ¶zel hatszorosÃƒÂ¡ra nÃ…Â‘tt. A nettÃƒÂ³ ÃƒÂ¡rbevÃƒÂ©tel a 100 szÃƒÂ¡zalÃƒÂ©kos kÃƒÂ¼lfÃƒÂ¶ldi tulajdonban lÃƒÂ©vÃ…Â‘ vÃƒÂ¡llalkozÃƒÂ¡sokban mintegy 9,5-szeresen jobban emelkedett, mint a belfÃƒÂ¶ldi tulajdonÃƒÂº tÃƒÂ¡rsasÃƒÂ¡gokÃƒÂ©. A teljes egÃƒÂ©szÃƒÂ©ben belfÃƒÂ¶ldi tulajdonban lÃƒÂ©vÃ…Â‘ vÃƒÂ¡llalkozÃƒÂ¡sok nettÃƒÂ³ ÃƒÂ¡rbevÃƒÂ©teÃ‚Â¬lÃƒÂ©ben egyre kisebb hÃƒÂ¡nyadot kÃƒÂ©pviselt az ÃƒÂºn. ÃƒÂ¼zleti tevÃƒÂ©kenysÃƒÂ©g eredmÃƒÂ©nye, a kÃƒÂ¼lfÃƒÂ¶ldi ÃƒÂ©rdekeltsÃƒÂ©gÃ…Â±ek kÃƒÂ¶rÃƒÂ©ben, ha nem is lÃƒÂ¡tvÃƒÂ¡nyosan de bÃ…Â‘vÃƒÂ¼lt. KÃƒÂ¼lfÃƒÂ¶ldi ÃƒÂ©rdekeltsÃƒÂ©gÃ…Â± vÃƒÂ¡llalkozÃƒÂ¡sokban a sajÃƒÂ¡t tÃ…Â‘kÃƒÂ©re jutÃƒÂ³ adÃƒÂ³zÃƒÂ¡s elÃ…Â‘tti ered-mÃƒÂ©ny nagyobb mÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kben nÃ…Â‘tt, mint a belfÃƒÂ¶ldi tulajdonban lÃƒÂ©vÃ…Â‘ vÃƒÂ¡llalkozÃƒÂ¡soknÃƒÂ¡l. A kÃƒÂ¼lfÃƒÂ¶ldi tÃ…Â‘ke elsÃ…Â‘sorban a nagy gazdasÃƒÂ¡gok felÃƒÂ© tÃƒÂ¶rekedett. A hatÃƒÂ©konysÃƒÂ¡-got tekintve is a nagy tÃ…Â‘kÃƒÂ©vel rendelkezÃ…Â‘, magasabb ÃƒÂ¡rbevÃƒÂ©telt produkÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ³ gazda-sÃƒÂ¡gok ÃƒÂ©rtek el akÃƒÂ¡r a sajÃƒÂ¡t tÃ…Â‘kÃƒÂ©hez, akÃƒÂ¡r a bevÃƒÂ©telhez viszonyÃƒÂ­tva, nagyobb eredmÃƒÂ©nyeket. According to KSH data the interest of foreign investors in Hungarian agriculture peaked in 2002 at a sum of 87.2 billion HUF. At HUF exchange rate the foreign portion of registered capital in Hungarian agriculture increased by 6.3 fold between 1993 and 2001 and at Euro exchange rate it rose by 2.6 fold. In case of farms practicing double bookkeeping, foreign capital rose from 7.3 billion HUF in 1993 to 31.5 billion HUF in 2000 and then it fell to 24.5 billion HUF by 2003. A decline of more than 20% in two years indicated a loss of foreign interest. The fall was greatest in cereals and in plants listed under miscellaneous branches. Two-thirds of foreign investors bought interest in plant cultivation and gardening sectors. Of the livestock foreign investment preferred primarily cattle. In the past decade the machinery supply of domestically owned agricultural enterprises practicing double bookkeeping has little more than doubled, whereas that of enterprises involving foreign investors increased nearly by six fold. The net income from sales of enterprises owned entirely by foreigners increased 9.5 times more than that of domestically owned companies. For wholly domestic enterprises an increasingly smaller proportion of net income derived from so-called business activities. For enterprises involving foreign interest the proportion has increased somewhat but their pre-tax profit per own capital increased more than that of their domestically owned counterparts. Primarily large farms attracted foreign capital. From the point of view of efficiency farms involving large capital and producing relatively higher sales income achieved higher profits in relation to both own capital and income.</abstract>
  <keywords>kÃƒÂ¼lfÃƒÂ¶ldi tÃ…Â‘ke ÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kvesztÃƒÂ©se, nagygazdasÃƒÂ¡gok, hatÃƒÂ©konysÃƒÂ¡g - value loose of foreign capital, large farms, efficiency, Agribusiness, Agricultural Finance, Financial Economics,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>2</issue>
   <issuedate>2005</issuedate>
   <volume>49</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/54296</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Antal, Katalin</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Guba, Maria</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:54311</identifier><datestamp>2010-01-29</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:54311">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>A MARHAHIZLALÃƒÂS GAZDASÃƒÂGOSSÃƒÂGÃƒÂNAK VIZSGÃƒÂLATA EGY SOMOGY MEGYEI VÃƒÂLLALKOZÃƒÂSBAN</title>
  <abstract>Az anyatehÃƒÂ©n ÃƒÂ¡llomÃƒÂ¡ny fajtaÃƒÂ¡talakÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡ra irÃƒÂ¡nyulÃƒÂ³ dÃƒÂ¶ntÃƒÂ©s kÃƒÂ©t ÃƒÂ©vjÃƒÂ¡raton elvÃƒÂ©gzett mÃƒÂ©rÃƒÂ©sek tapasztalata alapjÃƒÂ¡n a hizlalÃƒÂ¡si tevÃƒÂ©kenysÃƒÂ©g szempontjÃƒÂ¡bÃƒÂ³l is indokoltnak bizonyult. A takarmÃƒÂ¡nyozÃƒÂ¡s kÃƒÂ¶ltsÃƒÂ©geinek elemzÃƒÂ©se alapjÃƒÂ¡n leszÃƒÂ¶gezhetjÃƒÂ¼k, hogy a marhahizlalÃƒÂ¡sban nem engedhetÃ…Â‘ meg a gyenge minÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©gÃ…Â±, irreÃƒÂ¡lisan alacsony hozamÃƒÂº ÃƒÂ©s ezÃƒÂ¡ltal rendkÃƒÂ­vÃƒÂ¼l drÃƒÂ¡ga tÃƒÂ¶megtakarmÃƒÂ¡ny etetÃƒÂ©se. Igaz ez akkor is, ha a magas ÃƒÂ¶nkÃƒÂ¶ltsÃƒÂ©g elismerÃƒÂ©se ÃƒÂ¡ltal hozzÃƒÂ¡jÃƒÂ¡rul mÃƒÂ¡s ÃƒÂ¡gazatok eredmÃƒÂ©nyÃƒÂ©hez. Ezt a speciÃƒÂ¡lis termÃƒÂ©szeti adottsÃƒÂ¡gÃƒÂº termÃ…Â‘terÃƒÂ¼let sem indokolja, hiszen megfelelÃ…Â‘ technolÃƒÂ³giÃƒÂ¡val ÃƒÂ©s odafigyelÃƒÂ©ssel a gyenge termÃ…Â‘kÃƒÂ©pessÃƒÂ©gÃ…Â± tÃƒÂ¡blÃƒÂ¡kon is meg tudtÃƒÂ¡k duplÃƒÂ¡zni a hozamot. A nyeresÃƒÂ©ges termelÃƒÂ©s alapvetÃ…Â‘ feltÃƒÂ©tele a tudatos, szakszerÃ…Â± tÃƒÂ¶megtakarmÃƒÂ¡ny-termesztÃƒÂ©s. A tevÃƒÂ©kenysÃƒÂ©g eredmÃƒÂ©nyÃƒÂ©nek hasonlÃƒÂ³an jelentÃ…Â‘s ÃƒÂ¶sszetevÃ…Â‘je a speciÃƒÂ¡lis hÃƒÂºsmarha tÃƒÂ¡mogatÃƒÂ¡s, amely nÃƒÂ©lkÃƒÂ¼l a rÃƒÂ¶gzÃƒÂ­tett feltÃƒÂ©telek mellett szintÃƒÂ©n vesztesÃƒÂ©get termel a tevÃƒÂ©kenysÃƒÂ©g. Ebben nem kis szerepet jÃƒÂ¡tszik, hogy a marhahizlalÃƒÂ¡s jelentÃ…Â‘s gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi terhet Ã¢Â€ÂžvÃƒÂ¡llal magÃƒÂ¡raÃ¢Â€Â az ÃƒÂ¡ltalÃƒÂ¡nos kÃƒÂ¶ltsÃƒÂ©gekbÃ…Â‘l, amely kÃƒÂ¶ltsÃƒÂ©gtÃƒÂ©telre az ÃƒÂ¡gazatot irÃƒÂ¡nyÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ³ ÃƒÂ©s szervezÃ…Â‘ szemÃƒÂ©lynek nincs befolyÃƒÂ¡sa. A hizlalÃƒÂ¡si vÃƒÂ©gsÃƒÂºly ÃƒÂ©s a nettÃƒÂ³ tÃƒÂ¶meg egysÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ¡ra kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶tt szoros, negatÃƒÂ­v irÃƒÂ¡nyÃƒÂº szignifikÃƒÂ¡ns korrelÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³t ÃƒÂ¡llapÃƒÂ­tottunk meg. Az ÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kesÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©si tÃƒÂ¶meg 54-55,6%-ban hatÃƒÂ¡rozza meg az ÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kesÃƒÂ­tett testtÃƒÂ¶meg egysÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ¡rÃƒÂ¡t. Ennek ellenÃƒÂ©re a hizlalÃƒÂ³csoportonkÃƒÂ©nti vizsgÃƒÂ¡lat megmutatta, hogy indokolt a nagy sÃƒÂºlyra tÃƒÂ¶rtÃƒÂ©nÃ…Â‘ hizlalÃƒÂ¡s, Geissler ÃƒÂ©s Neumann (1971) ÃƒÂ¡ltal kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶lt elveknek megfelelÃ…Â‘en a relatÃƒÂ­ve magasabb tÃƒÂ¶meggel hÃƒÂ­zÃƒÂ³ba ÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ­tott ÃƒÂ©s alacsonyabb tÃƒÂ¶megben ÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kesÃƒÂ­tett bikÃƒÂ¡k ÃƒÂ¡ltal elÃƒÂ©rt eredmÃƒÂ©ny elmarad nagyobb sÃƒÂºlyÃƒÂº tÃƒÂ¡rsaikÃƒÂ©tÃƒÂ³l. A 650 kg feletti ÃƒÂ©lÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂºlyban tÃƒÂ¶rtÃƒÂ©nÃ…Â‘ ÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kesÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©s azonban a hosszÃƒÂº hizlalÃƒÂ¡si idÃ…Â‘ okozta tÃƒÂ¶bbletkÃƒÂ¶ltsÃƒÂ©get figyelembe vÃƒÂ©ve nem javasolt. A korai idÃ…Â‘pontokban ÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kesÃƒÂ­tett bikÃƒÂ¡k ÃƒÂ¡ltal elÃƒÂ©rt eredmÃƒÂ©ny javÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡ra indokolt az eddigi gyakorlat (nagy vÃƒÂ¡lasztÃƒÂ¡si tÃƒÂ¶megÃ…Â± bikÃƒÂ¡k relatÃƒÂ­ve kis sÃƒÂºlyban ÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kesÃƒÂ­tve) ÃƒÂºjragondolÃƒÂ¡sa, optimalizÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ¡si szÃƒÂ¡mÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sok elvÃƒÂ©gzÃƒÂ©se. Ez azonban meghaladja jelen dolgozat kereteit. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX The decision to alter the variety of female breeding cattle stock, based on measurements carried out on two age groups, proved justified from a fattening viewpoint. Based on an analysis of feeding costs, we can definitely state that in cattle fattening, poor quality, unrealistically low yielding and, therefore, exceptionally expensive mass fodder is unacceptable. This is still true if the acknowledged high production cost contributes to the results of other sectors. It is not even justified for cropland with special natural properties, as with appropriate technology and attention yield was doubled, even on plots with poor productive capacity. Deliberate, expert mass fodder cultivation is the basic prerequisite of successful production. Support for special beef cattle is also a significant component of success in this activity without which, under fixed conditions, the activity will be loss making. The significant economic burden, which cattle fattening represents as a component of general expenditure and which expense item cannot be influenced by those directing and organising the sector, also plays a large part in this. We determined a significant, negative correlation between final fattened weight and the uniform price of net mass. 54-55.6% of sales mass determines the uniform price of purchased body mass. Despite this the examination of each fattening group showed that fattening to high weights is justified; in accordance with the principles stated in geissler and neumann (1971), bulls with relatively higher mass, set up for fattening and then sold in lower mass, do not achieve the same results as their weightier counterparts. Due to the extra costs of the protracted fattening period, however, sales above 650 kg of live weight are not recommended. A re-think of practise to date (bulls representing a wide range of mass options being sold at low weights) and the conducting of optimisation calculations are recommended for the improvement of results achieved by bulls sold early on. This however, is beyond the scope of this current study.</abstract>
  <keywords>takarmÃƒÂ¡nyozÃƒÂ¡si kÃƒÂ¶ltsÃƒÂ©g csÃƒÂ¶kkentÃƒÂ©s, tÃƒÂ¡mogatÃƒÂ¡s, szezonÃƒÂ¡lis ÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kesÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©s - costs of breeding, subsidies, sezonal sale, Agricultural and Food Policy, Farm Management, Livestock Production/Industries,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>3</issue>
   <issuedate>2005</issuedate>
   <volume>49</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/54311</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Csonka, Arnold</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Kemeny, Gabor</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:54301</identifier><datestamp>2010-01-29</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:54301">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>A VIDÃƒÂ‰KFEJLESZTÃƒÂ‰S ÃƒÂšJ KUTATÃƒÂSI PROGRAMJA</title>
  <abstract>A Debreceni Egyetem AgrÃƒÂ¡rgazdasÃƒÂ¡gi ÃƒÂ©s VidÃƒÂ©kfejlesztÃƒÂ©si KarÃƒÂ¡nak szellemi arcÃƒÂ©le eleve regionÃƒÂ¡lis beÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ­tottsÃƒÂ¡gÃƒÂº, nemcsak fÃƒÂ¶ldrajzi elhelyezkedÃƒÂ©se miatt, hanem alapÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sa szerint is cÃƒÂ©lzottan Kelet-MagyarorszÃƒÂ¡g tÃƒÂ©rsÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©nek kÃƒÂ¶zponti tudomÃƒÂ¡nyos mÃ…Â±helye, KÃƒÂ¡rpÃƒÂ¡t-medencei vonzÃƒÂ¡skÃƒÂ¶rzetÃƒÂ©vel egyÃƒÂ¼tt ilyen mÃƒÂ³don in-tegrÃƒÂ¡tora kell legyen annak a progressziÃƒÂ³nak, amit egyszerÃ…Â±en vidÃƒÂ©kfejlesztÃƒÂ©si diszciplÃƒÂ­nÃƒÂ¡nak nevezÃƒÂ¼nk. Az eddigi gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi vonulatok szerint a vidÃƒÂ©knek defi-niÃƒÂ¡lt itteni tÃƒÂ©rsÃƒÂ©gek egyik sajnÃƒÂ¡latos kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶s vonÃƒÂ¡sa az egyre tÃƒÂ¡gulÃƒÂ³ tÃƒÂ¡rsadalmi kÃƒÂ¼-lÃƒÂ¶nbsÃƒÂ©gekben jelenik meg, alapproblÃƒÂ©ma a gazdagsÃƒÂ¡g ÃƒÂ©s szegÃƒÂ©nysÃƒÂ©g kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶tti sza-kadÃƒÂ©k mÃƒÂ©lyÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ©se. Ez az ÃƒÂ¡llapot ellenkezik az emberi toleranciÃƒÂ¡val, s gÃƒÂ¡tja min-den ÃƒÂ©letminÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©get javÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ³, jÃƒÂ³lÃƒÂ©ti tÃƒÂ¡rsadalmi tÃƒÂ¶rekvÃƒÂ©snek. A rÃƒÂ©giÃƒÂ³ vidÃƒÂ©kfejlesztÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©-nek, mint alapkÃƒÂ©rdÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©t ragadja meg az ÃƒÂºj kutatÃƒÂ¡si program: a tÃƒÂ¡rsadalmi aszimmetriÃƒÂ¡kat, ezek feltÃƒÂ¡rÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡t ÃƒÂ©s kezelÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©t kÃƒÂ¶zgazdasÃƒÂ¡gi ÃƒÂ©s mÃƒÂ¡s kapcsolÃƒÂ³dÃƒÂ³ eszkÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶kkel, ami a vitÃƒÂ¡k utÃƒÂ¡n cÃƒÂ­madÃƒÂ³ gondolata is lehet a programnak. A kistÃƒÂ©rsÃƒÂ©gi mÃƒÂ©lysÃƒÂ©gÃ…Â± feltÃƒÂ¡rÃƒÂ¡sokra ÃƒÂ©pÃƒÂ¼lnek azok a tÃƒÂ¡rsadalmi-gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi mo-dellek, amelyek hidat kÃƒÂ©peznek ÃƒÂ©s ÃƒÂ¡tjÃƒÂ¡rhatÃƒÂ³vÃƒÂ¡ teszik az elmÃƒÂ©leti ismeretanyag ÃƒÂ©s a gyakorlati megvalÃƒÂ³sÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡s mechanizmusÃƒÂ¡t. Az elhangzott elÃ…Â‘adÃƒÂ¡s, s most ez a cikk vitÃƒÂ¡ra kÃƒÂ­vÃƒÂ¡nja bocsÃƒÂ¡tani a kutatÃƒÂ¡si program hipotÃƒÂ©zisÃƒÂ©t, szerkezeti felÃƒÂ©pÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©-sÃƒÂ©t ÃƒÂ©s a mÃ…Â±kÃƒÂ¶dtetÃƒÂ©s mikÃƒÂ©ntjÃƒÂ©t, azzal a cÃƒÂ©llal, hogy a programban folyÃƒÂ³ alkalma-zott kutatÃƒÂ¡sok kiÃƒÂ¡lljÃƒÂ¡k a gyakorlat prÃƒÂ³bÃƒÂ¡jÃƒÂ¡t, s tudomÃƒÂ¡nyos ÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kÃƒÂ©t a megismÃƒÂ©-telhetÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©gen lehessen lemÃƒÂ©rni. TovÃƒÂ¡bblÃƒÂ©pÃƒÂ©sre a regionalitÃƒÂ¡s ne jelentsen korlÃƒÂ¡tot, mÃƒÂ³dszerÃƒÂ©ben hasonlÃƒÂ³ tÃƒÂ©rsÃƒÂ©gekben is alkalmazhatÃƒÂ³ legyen. A program gyakorlati cÃƒÂ©ljai: Ã¢Â€Â¢ a csalÃƒÂ¡di munkajÃƒÂ¶vedelmek esÃƒÂ©lyeinek javÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sa, Ã¢Â€Â¢ a mÃ…Â±velÃ…Â‘dÃƒÂ©s, Ã¢Â€Â¢ a testi ÃƒÂ©s lelki egÃƒÂ©szsÃƒÂ©gfenntartÃƒÂ¡s ÃƒÂ©s ÃƒÂ¡llapotjavÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡s, Ã¢Â€Â¢ az ÃƒÂ¶nfejlÃ…Â‘dÃƒÂ©s feltÃƒÂ©teleinek megteremtÃƒÂ©se, Ã¢Â€Â¢ progressziÃƒÂ³ a telepÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ©sek gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi ÃƒÂ©s szellemi fejlesztÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©ben (Ã¢Â€ÂžmissziÃƒÂ³ elvÃ¢Â€Â), Ã¢Â€Â¢ a lakossÃƒÂ¡g megtartÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡nak stabilizÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ¡sa, Ã¢Â€Â¢ a Ã¢Â€ÂžvonzerÃ…Â‘Ã¢Â€Â megjelenÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©se, Ã¢Â€Â¢ tÃ…Â‘kebefogadÃƒÂ¡s ÃƒÂ©s mÃ…Â±kÃƒÂ¶dtetÃƒÂ©s feltÃƒÂ©teleinek megteremtÃƒÂ©se. XXXXXXXXXXXXX The intellectual profile and principles of the Agricultural and Regional Development Faculty of Debrecen University are regionally oriented, not only due to its geographical position, but because its founding aim was to be the central scientific workshop for the East of Hungary region. Couple this with its role as the focal point for the Carpathian Basin area and it is obvious that it has to be the integrator for the process known simply as the discipline of Regional Development. Economic trends to date show that one of the unfortunate common characteristics of areas defined as regions manifests itself as increasing social inequality, the root problem being the widening gulf between wealth and poverty. This situation defies human tolerance and is an obstacle to all efforts by social welfare to improve standards of living. The new research programme tackles the fundamental question of the regional development of this area: the uncovering and management of social asymmetries, using economic and other relevant tools, which, following the arguments could be the guiding concept of the programme. The socio-economic models, which form bridges and enable us to traverse from theoretical knowledge to the mechanics of practical implementation, are built on explorations on the small area level. The lecture that was delivered, and now this article, seek to present for argument the hypothesis, structure and operation of the research programme, with a view to testing in practise the research utilised during the programme and measuring its scientific value through reproduction. Regionalism should not be a barrier to advancement and its methods should be applicable in similar areas. The practical aims of the programme are: Ã¢Â€Â¢ an improvement in the opportunities for family income, Ã¢Â€Â¢ education, Ã¢Â€Â¢ the maintenance and improvement of physical and mental health, Ã¢Â€Â¢ the creation of the conditions needed for self-development, Ã¢Â€Â¢ progress in the economic and intellectual development of settlements (Ã¢Â€Âœmission principleÃ¢Â€Â), Ã¢Â€Â¢ the stabilisation of population retention, Ã¢Â€Â¢ an evocation of Ã¢Â€Âœthe forces of attractionÃ¢Â€Â, Ã¢Â€Â¢ the creation of the prerequisites for capital investment and utilisation. We often come across the verbal presence of these issues, but rarely their scientific execution or practical implementation, which can be seen as a type of intellectual debt. With regard to the programmeÃ¢Â€Â™s structure, it appears necessary to think in terms of sub-programmes, a breakdown by subject and the connected elaboration of some parts. At the same time, due to the depth of breakdown required for some areas, an organisational system is required for the programme in order to produce the syntheses from which practical recommendations and generalisations on dissemination beyond the region can follow.</abstract>
  <keywords>tÃƒÂ¡rsadalmi kÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¶nbsÃƒÂ©gek, Eszak-MagyarorszÃƒÂ¡g, ÃƒÂºj tÃƒÂ¡rsadalmi modellek, mint vÃƒÂ¡laszok - social differences, North-Hungary, new social models as answers, Agricultural and Food Policy, Community/Rural/Urban Development,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>3</issue>
   <issuedate>2005</issuedate>
   <volume>49</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/54301</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Borsos, Janos</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Nabradi, Andras</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:54337</identifier><datestamp>2010-01-29</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:54337">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>AZ ÃƒÂ–NTÃƒÂ–ZÃƒÂ‰S SZEREPE, JELENTÃ…ÂSÃƒÂ‰GE</title>
  <abstract>Az ÃƒÂ¶ntÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ©s egyik alapvetÃ…Â‘ cÃƒÂ©lja, hogy javÃƒÂ­tsa az egyre nÃƒÂ¶vekvÃ…Â‘ nÃƒÂ©pessÃƒÂ©g ÃƒÂ©lel-miszerrel valÃƒÂ³ ellÃƒÂ¡tÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡t. A vilÃƒÂ¡gon jelenleg a szÃƒÂ¡ntÃƒÂ³terÃƒÂ¼let 17%-ÃƒÂ¡t ÃƒÂ¶ntÃƒÂ¶zik, vi-szont ez a felÃƒÂ¼let adja az ÃƒÂ©venkÃƒÂ©nt betakarÃƒÂ­thatÃƒÂ³ ÃƒÂ¶ssztermÃƒÂ©s valamivel tÃƒÂ¶bb mint 40%-ÃƒÂ¡t. HazÃƒÂ¡nkban a vÃƒÂ­zjogi engedÃƒÂ©llyel rendelkezÃ…Â‘ ÃƒÂ¶ntÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ©sre berendezett terÃƒÂ¼-letÃƒÂ¼nk 210 ezer hektÃƒÂ¡r, ami a szÃƒÂ¡ntÃƒÂ³terÃƒÂ¼let kÃƒÂ¶zel 5%-a, de a tÃƒÂ©nylegesen ÃƒÂ¶ntÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶tt terÃƒÂ¼let ÃƒÂ©vjÃƒÂ¡rattÃƒÂ³l fÃƒÂ¼ggÃ…Â‘en ennek kb. a fele. Az EurÃƒÂ³pai UniÃƒÂ³ban ÃƒÂ¡tlagosan a szÃƒÂ¡ntÃƒÂ³terÃƒÂ¼let 13,5%-a tekinthetÃ…Â‘ ÃƒÂ¶ntÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶ttnek. Az elkÃƒÂ¶vetkezÃ…Â‘ ÃƒÂ©vek alapvetÃ…Â‘ fejlesztÃƒÂ©si feladata a mÃƒÂ¡r meglÃƒÂ©vÃ…Â‘ ÃƒÂ¶ntÃƒÂ¶zÃ…Â‘rend-szerek felÃƒÂºjÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sa ÃƒÂ©s bÃ…Â‘vÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©se. A szÃƒÂ¡ntÃƒÂ³fÃƒÂ¶ldi nÃƒÂ¶vÃƒÂ©nyek kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¼l a kukorica, a napra-forgÃƒÂ³, a cukorrÃƒÂ©pa ÃƒÂ©s a burgonya ÃƒÂ¶ntÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ©se indokolt. Az ÃƒÂ¶ntÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶tt terÃƒÂ¼letek arÃƒÂ¡-nyÃƒÂ¡nak nÃƒÂ¶velÃƒÂ©se kiemelten fontos a kertÃƒÂ©szeti kultÃƒÂºrÃƒÂ¡kban. A zÃƒÂ¶ldsÃƒÂ©g-, gyÃƒÂ³gynÃƒÂ¶-vÃƒÂ©ny-, gyÃƒÂ¼mÃƒÂ¶lcs- ÃƒÂ©s a dÃƒÂ­sznÃƒÂ¶vÃƒÂ©nytermelÃƒÂ©sben egysÃƒÂ©gnyi terÃƒÂ¼letre vonatkoztatva nagy termelÃƒÂ©si ÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©ket ÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ­tanak elÃ…Â‘, ezÃƒÂ©rt az ÃƒÂ¶ntÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ©s hiÃƒÂ¡nya a termelÃ…Â‘k (vÃƒÂ¡llalko-zÃƒÂ³k) szÃƒÂ¡mÃƒÂ¡ra jelentÃ…Â‘s kockÃƒÂ¡zattal jÃƒÂ¡r. Az EurÃƒÂ³pai UniÃƒÂ³ termelÃ…Â‘ivel valÃƒÂ³ ver-senykÃƒÂ©pessÃƒÂ©g elÃƒÂ©rÃƒÂ©se miatt indokolt az ÃƒÂ¶ntÃƒÂ¶zhetÃ…Â‘ terÃƒÂ¼let kb. 100 ezer hektÃƒÂ¡rral valÃƒÂ³ nÃƒÂ¶velÃƒÂ©se. Az ÃƒÂ¶ntÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ©si kapacitÃƒÂ¡s tervezÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©nÃƒÂ©l szÃƒÂ¡molni kell azzal, hogy a termÃƒÂ©szetes csapadÃƒÂ©k mennyisÃƒÂ©ge ÃƒÂ©s eloszlÃƒÂ¡sa tekintetÃƒÂ©ben az ÃƒÂ©vek kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶tt lÃƒÂ©nyeges eltÃƒÂ©rÃƒÂ©sek lehetnek. EzÃƒÂ©rt egymÃƒÂ¡st kÃƒÂ¶vetÃ…Â‘ ÃƒÂ©vekben is nagysÃƒÂ¡grendileg eltÃƒÂ©rÃ…Â‘ Ã¢Â€Â“ akÃƒÂ¡r 5-10-szeres Ã¢Â€Â“ ÃƒÂ¶ntÃƒÂ¶zÃ…Â‘vÃƒÂ­z-igÃƒÂ©ny lÃƒÂ©phet fel az eredmÃƒÂ©nyes ÃƒÂ©s biztonsÃƒÂ¡gos termelÃƒÂ©s ÃƒÂ©rde-kÃƒÂ©ben. Az ÃƒÂ¶ntÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ©s kÃƒÂ¶ltsÃƒÂ©gelemei kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¼l a vÃƒÂ­z- ÃƒÂ©s csatorna dÃƒÂ­j, az amortizÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³, illet-ve a felhasznÃƒÂ¡lt energia kÃƒÂ¶ltsÃƒÂ©gei a jelentÃ…Â‘sebbek. Az egy hektÃƒÂ¡rra vonatkoztat-hatÃƒÂ³ ÃƒÂ¡tlagos ÃƒÂ¶ntÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ©si kÃƒÂ¶ltsÃƒÂ©g a vizsgÃƒÂ¡lt gazdasÃƒÂ¡gban, termÃƒÂ©szetesen ÃƒÂ©vjÃƒÂ¡rattÃƒÂ³l fÃƒÂ¼ggÃ…Â‘en (csapadÃƒÂ©kos vagy szÃƒÂ¡raz ÃƒÂ©v), 35 ÃƒÂ©s 87 ezer Ft/ha kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶tt ingadozott, ÃƒÂ©s a 6 ÃƒÂ©v ÃƒÂ¡tlagÃƒÂ¡ban 57 ezer Ftha-t tett ki. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXx One of the fundamental aims of irrigation is to improve the food supply of an evergrowing population. 17% of the worldÃ¢Â€Â™s arable land is currently irrigated, however, this area provides over 40% of the annually harvestable crops. Hungary has 210,000 hectares of land with licensed water rights, equipped for irrigation Ã¢Â€Â“ equating to almost 5% of arable land Ã¢Â€Â“ however, only about half of this area is actually irrigated, depending on weather conditions. The EU average for irrigated arable land is 13.5%. The basic development tasks for the next few years are to renew and expand existing irrigation equipment. Among arable crops, maize, sunflower, sugar beet and potato should be irrigated. Increasing the ratio of irrigated land is of particular importance in horticultural settings. In the cultivation of vegetables, medicinal plants, fruit and floriculture, high production values are generated per unit of land, therefore, the lack of irrigation is a significant risk for producers (entrepreneurs). In order to be competitive with EU producers, irrigated land needs to be increased by about 100,000 hectares. When planning irrigation capacity, considerable annual variations in the volume and distribution of precipitation need to be taken into consideration. For this reason, successful and reliable production can require considerable variations in water volume Ã¢Â€Â“ as much as 5-10 fold Ã¢Â€Â“ in consecutive years. The most significant costs of irrigation are water and drainage fees, amortisation and energy usage. The average cost of irrigating one hectare of the land being studied, depending of course on weather conditions (wet or dry year), fluctuated between 35,000 and 87,000 forints/hectare and the six-year average was 57,000 forints.</abstract>
  <keywords>klÃƒÂ­matikus vÃƒÂ¡ltozÃƒÂ¡sok, termÃƒÂ©svesztesÃƒÂ©g megelÃ…Â‘zÃƒÂ©s, ÃƒÂ¶ntÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ©si hÃƒÂ¡ttÃƒÂ©r rekonstrukciÃƒÂ³ szÃƒÂ¼ksÃƒÂ©gessÃƒÂ©ge - climate change, prevention of yield loss, necessity of reconstruction of irrigation equipments, Crop Production/Industries, Environmental Economics and Policy,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>5</issue>
   <issuedate>2005</issuedate>
   <volume>49</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/54337</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Helyes, Lajos</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:58902</identifier><datestamp>2010-04-27</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:58902">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>ARMENIAN RURAL COOPERATIVES AND MARKETING: DAIRY SECTOR</title>
  <abstract>Armenian milk marketing cooperatives provide several benefits, of which the increased opportunity for milk marketing is valued most by member farmers. During the cooperative action milk production has also increased due to seminars on cattle feeding, artificial insemination, sanitation programs, and support by cooperatives in feed procurement. Another benefit is that through pooling products of specified grade or quality, marketing cooperatives are better able to market milk to large-scale buyers than individual owners. Putting their efforts together cooperatives can move to distant markets and thus expand their sales opportunities. This is of paramount importance for those cooperatives that have a sole buyer. In addition to milk marketing, almost all of the cooperatives expressed desire to integrate themselves vertically in milk processing with the aim of capturing greater share of the consumersÃ¢Â€Â™ food expenditures. ItÃ¢Â€Â™s worth mentioning that all managers stated the importance of seminars and educational tools to the success of their organizations. However, in their self-assessment lower ratings were noted in the areas of financial management, financial statement analysis, strategic planning, and higher scores were stated for business decision-making and cooperative principles. Our findings indicate that an opportunity exists to reinforce managersÃ¢Â€Â™ knowledge in the areas of cooperative principles, division of responsibility between managers and the Board, and financial management. The results of the research come to advocate for continuing cooperative business and extending their activities over other aspects of the agricultural sphere (technical service, agricultural production, etc.), thus enabling farmers to further integrate themselves in food marketing system and improve their incomes.</abstract>
  <keywords>agriculture, cooperation, cooperative, milk production, transition economy, Agribusiness, International Relations/Trade,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>19</issue>
   <issuedate>2008</issuedate>
   <volume>51</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/58902</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Hovhannisyan, Vardges</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Vasa, Laszlo</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:58908</identifier><datestamp>2010-04-27</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:58908">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>METHODS OF CALCULATING THE COSTS IN THE ROMANIAN MINING ENTERPRISES</title>
  <abstract>Determining the cost-bearers takes place according to the physical form of the production and the requirements of the calculation method. In this sense, we could choose between the synthetic calculation methods using a single expense-bearer and analytical calculation methods implying the utilization of two or more expense-bearers and able to provide several necessary information for the economic-financial analysis of the enterprise in the purpose of fundamentinf economic decisions to be made by the operative leadership of the enterprise. As stated above, we can also mention the expenditure sectors that serve the analytical character of programming and of following the expenses related to the production capacity of the enterprise. At determining expenses sectors, we will take into account: the number of departments and workshops in the enterprise, their size, the necessary production and responsability centers, as well as the informational needs regarding the expenses of the technical-productive departments of the enterprise according to the manufactured production. According to the pursued objectives, calculation methods can be grouped into two categories - calculation methods with a single objective and determining the unitary cost: the phase method, the order method, G.P. method, the global method; - the calculation method that follow and other objectives necessary to the management of costs: the direct-costing method, the normal cost method, T.H.M method, pre-cost method. The enforcement of a calculation method in the mining industry has to take into account its integration into the field of the mining enterprise and the accomplishment of the requirements of a modern informational cost system, able to answer at any time to the continuous pressure exerted by the external factors of the enterprise.</abstract>
  <keywords>costs, methods, direct costs, gross contribution, THM, Financial Economics, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>19</issue>
   <issuedate>2008</issuedate>
   <volume>51</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/58908</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Trifoi, Ion Gigi</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Dumbrava, Partenie</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:58899</identifier><datestamp>2010-04-27</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:58899">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>A Ã¢Â€ÂžVidÃƒÂ©ki AktÃƒÂ­v TanulÃƒÂ¡sÃ¢Â€Â (Rural Action Learning, RAL) mÃƒÂ³dszere</title>
  <abstract>A kÃƒÂ©pzÃƒÂ©s, az oktatÃƒÂ¡s a vidÃƒÂ©kfejlesztÃƒÂ©s fontos eszkÃƒÂ¶ze. A kÃƒÂ©pzettsÃƒÂ©gi szint emelkedÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©vel a vidÃƒÂ©ken ÃƒÂ©lÃ…Â‘k azon kÃƒÂ©pessÃƒÂ©ge is fejlÃ…Â‘dik, hogy jobban felismerjÃƒÂ©k a kÃƒÂ¶rnyezetÃƒÂ¼kben rejlÃ…Â‘ gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi-tÃƒÂ¡rsadalmi lehetÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©geket. A regionÃƒÂ¡lis potenciÃƒÂ¡l Ã¢Â€Â“ melynek egyik eleme a vidÃƒÂ©k identitÃƒÂ¡studata Ã¢Â€Â“ minÃƒÂ©l szÃƒÂ©lesebb kÃƒÂ¶rben tÃƒÂ¶rtÃƒÂ©nÃ…Â‘ megismertetÃƒÂ©se ÃƒÂ©s kiaknÃƒÂ¡zÃƒÂ¡sa alapozhatja meg a vidÃƒÂ©ki tÃƒÂ©rsÃƒÂ©gek fenntarthatÃƒÂ³ fejlÃ…Â‘dÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©t. A tanulmÃƒÂ¡ny az aktÃƒÂ­v tanulÃƒÂ¡s (Rural Action Learning, RAL) mÃƒÂ³dszertani megkÃƒÂ¶zelÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©nek ismertetÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©t kÃƒÂ¶vetÃ…Â‘en bemutatja a Nyugat-dunÃƒÂ¡ntÃƒÂºli RÃƒÂ©giÃƒÂ³ban vÃƒÂ©gzett, a regionÃƒÂ¡lis ÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kek ÃƒÂ©s adottsÃƒÂ¡gok, helyi termÃƒÂ©kek ismeretÃƒÂ©t vizsgÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ³ felmÃƒÂ©rÃƒÂ©s eredmÃƒÂ©nyeit. ElmondhatÃƒÂ³, hogy a megkÃƒÂ©rdezettek jelentÃ…Â‘s hÃƒÂ¡nyada nem ismeri, hogy milyen nÃƒÂ¶vÃƒÂ©nyeket termelnek, illetve milyen ÃƒÂ©lelmiszer-ipari termÃƒÂ©keket ÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ­tanak elÃ…Â‘ lakÃƒÂ³kÃƒÂ¶rnyezetÃƒÂ¼kben. Ezen az aktÃƒÂ­v tanulÃƒÂ¡s mÃƒÂ³dszere segÃƒÂ­thet: egy mÃ…Â±kÃƒÂ¶dÃ…Â‘ gazdasÃƒÂ¡g, ÃƒÂ©lelmiszer- ipari kisÃƒÂ¼zem meglÃƒÂ¡togatÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡val, kÃƒÂ¶zvetlen tapasztalatszerzÃƒÂ©ssel meg lehet ismertetni a mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡g ÃƒÂ©s ÃƒÂ©lelmiszer-feldolgozÃƒÂ¡s jelentÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©t, a helyi gazdasÃƒÂ¡gok munkÃƒÂ¡jÃƒÂ¡t, valamint az ÃƒÂ¡ltaluk elÃ…Â‘ÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ­tott termÃƒÂ©keket. A gazdasÃƒÂ¡gok, ÃƒÂ©lelmiszerfeldolgozÃƒÂ³ ÃƒÂ¼zemek szempontjÃƒÂ¡bÃƒÂ³l ÃƒÂºj bevÃƒÂ©teli forrÃƒÂ¡s teremtÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©re a RAL programok csak kÃƒÂ¶zvetve voltak alkalmasak. A programokban ugyanakkor a rÃƒÂ©sztvevÃ…Â‘k megismerhettÃƒÂ©k a helyi ÃƒÂ¼zemeket ÃƒÂ©s az ÃƒÂ¡ltaluk elÃ…Â‘ÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ­tott termÃƒÂ©keket, ami a gazdasÃƒÂ¡goknak, feldolgozÃƒÂ³knak lehetÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©get nyÃƒÂºjtott termÃƒÂ©keik nÃƒÂ©pszerÃ…Â±sÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©re. ----------------------------- Education and training are important tools of rural development. Increased educational level also means increased capacity to acknowledge and utilise the economical and social possibilities of the region. Provision and transfer of information and knowledge concerning regional potentials (including rural identity) over a wider range and utilisation of such knowledge on a wider scale can serve as basis for sustainable development of rural areas. This study introduces the method of Rural Action Learning (RAL) and reports on the results of research carried out in the West-DunÃƒÂ¡ntÃƒÂºl region on regional values and local products. We have found that most of the interviewees were unaware of agricultural production or local food processing in the region. The method of Rural Action Learning can be helpful for visiting farms or small-scale food processing facilities people gain direct experiences, they get to know the significance of agriculture and food production, the work of local farms and their products. RAL activities generated income for agricultural farms and food production units only in an indirect way. The participants became acquainted with local enterprises and their products that helped famers and food processors to sell their produce.</abstract>
  <keywords>aktÃƒÂ­v tanulÃƒÂ¡s, regionÃƒÂ¡lis tanulÃƒÂ¡s, regionÃƒÂ¡lis potenciÃƒÂ¡l, vidÃƒÂ©k identitÃƒÂ¡studata, helyi termÃƒÂ©k, action learning, regional learning, regional potential, rural identity, local product, Agricultural and Food Policy, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>6</issue>
   <issuedate>2008</issuedate>
   <volume>52</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/58899</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Cser, Janos</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Kalmar-Hollosi, Erika</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Schockemohle, Johanna</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:58921</identifier><datestamp>2010-04-27</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:58921">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>PREPARATION OF BECOMING TEACHERS OF AGRICULTURE FOR FILLING THE PART OF AN ADULT EDUCATOR</title>
  <abstract>All becoming teachers would need knowledge on adult education in order to better understand his own lifelong learning. If adult education were integrated into university education of BSc or MSc level, extension courses for practicing teachers would not loose their importance, but on the contrary, those would be arranged at an upper level. Adult education should be changed to competence based education, as the competent andragogical knowledge can hide the possibility of some extra profit. Teachers and trainers in vocational education, who are engineers and economists etc. at the same time, would mean potentially the best qualified adult educators, whose teaching competences should only be completed with andragogical competences. They are appropriate and can be let in one the task, but they are not used up.</abstract>
  <keywords>adult education, andragogy, adult educator, teacher training, vocational trainer, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Labor and Human Capital,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>19</issue>
   <issuedate>2008</issuedate>
   <volume>51</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/58921</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Fekete-Szakos, Eva</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:54415</identifier><datestamp>2010-01-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:54415">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>A FÃƒÂ–LDPIAC SAJÃƒÂTOSSÃƒÂGAI MAGYARORSZÃƒÂGON AZ UNIÃƒÂ“S CSATLAKOZÃƒÂS IDEJÃƒÂ‰N</title>
  <abstract>A felmÃƒÂ©rÃƒÂ©s tapasztalatai azt mutatjÃƒÂ¡k, hogy a magyarorszÃƒÂ¡gi fÃƒÂ¶ldpiacon1 ki-vÃƒÂ¡rÃƒÂ¡s tapasztalhatÃƒÂ³. Kereslet elsÃ…Â‘sorban az egyes megyÃƒÂ©k kivÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ³ ÃƒÂ©s jÃƒÂ³ minÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©gÃ…Â±, kedvezÃ…Â‘ fekvÃƒÂ©sÃ…Â± terÃƒÂ¼letei, illetve a nagyobb kiterjedÃƒÂ©sÃ…Â±, egybefÃƒÂ¼ggÃ…Â‘ szÃƒÂ¡ntÃƒÂ³k ÃƒÂ©s erdÃ…Â‘k irÃƒÂ¡nt van. A gyengÃƒÂ©bb minÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©gÃ…Â±, kedvezÃ…Â‘tlen fekvÃƒÂ©sÃ…Â±, nehezen megkÃƒÂ¶ze-lÃƒÂ­thetÃ…Â‘ terÃƒÂ¼leteken, a zsÃƒÂ¡ktelepÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ©sek ÃƒÂ©s az elÃƒÂ¶regedÃ…Â‘ falvak kÃƒÂ¶rnyÃƒÂ©kÃƒÂ©n tÃƒÂºlkÃƒÂ­nÃƒÂ¡lat jellemzÃ…Â‘. Nehezen ÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kesÃƒÂ­thetÃ…Â‘k a beÃƒÂ©kelÃ…Â‘dÃ…Â‘, szÃƒÂ³rtan elhelyezkedÃ…Â‘, kis mÃƒÂ©retÃ…Â±, illetve a rendezetlen tulajdonviszonyÃƒÂº (osztatlan kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶s tulajdonÃƒÂº) terÃƒÂ¼letek. Az eladÃƒÂ³k kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶tt nagy szÃƒÂ¡mban talÃƒÂ¡lhatÃƒÂ³k megÃƒÂ©lhetÃƒÂ©si gondokkal kÃƒÂ¼zdÃ…Â‘ idÃ…Â‘sebb, il-letve ÃƒÂ¶rÃƒÂ¶klÃƒÂ©s, vagy kÃƒÂ¡rpÃƒÂ³tlÃƒÂ¡s ÃƒÂºtjÃƒÂ¡n fÃƒÂ¶ldhÃƒÂ¶z jutott, gazdÃƒÂ¡lkodni nem kÃƒÂ­vÃƒÂ¡nÃƒÂ³ tulaj-donosok. A fÃƒÂ¶ldvÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡rlÃƒÂ³k kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶tt egyre tÃƒÂ¶bb tÃ…Â‘keerÃ…Â‘s gazdÃƒÂ¡lkodÃƒÂ³ jelenik meg, akik birtoknÃƒÂ¶velÃƒÂ©si, birtokegyesÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©si (fÃƒÂ¶ldcsere) szÃƒÂ¡ndÃƒÂ©kkal vÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡rolnak fÃƒÂ¶ldet. A fÃƒÂ¶ldvÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡rlÃƒÂ³k mÃƒÂ¡sik jelentÃ…Â‘s csoportja a nagyobb vÃƒÂ¡rosok kÃƒÂ¶rnyÃƒÂ©kÃƒÂ©n, frekventÃƒÂ¡lt helyen, fÃ…Â‘utak, autÃƒÂ³pÃƒÂ¡lyÃƒÂ¡k mellett lÃƒÂ©vÃ…Â‘, befektetÃƒÂ©si cÃƒÂ©lÃƒÂº terÃƒÂ¼leteket keresi. A felmÃƒÂ©rÃƒÂ©s eredmÃƒÂ©nye szerint az EU csatlakozÃƒÂ¡st kÃƒÂ¶zvetlenÃƒÂ¼l megelÃ…Â‘zÃ…Â‘ ÃƒÂ©vek-tÃ…Â‘l a fÃƒÂ¶ldÃƒÂ¡rak ÃƒÂ©s bÃƒÂ©rleti dÃƒÂ­jak jelentÃ…Â‘sen, az adottsÃƒÂ¡gok fÃƒÂ¼ggvÃƒÂ©nyÃƒÂ©ben tÃƒÂ¶bbszÃƒÂ¶rÃƒÂ¶s kÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¶nbsÃƒÂ©geket mutatva nÃƒÂ¶vekedtek. A fÃƒÂ¶ldÃƒÂ¡rak nÃƒÂ¶vekedÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©ben az uniÃƒÂ³s ÃƒÂ¡rakhoz valÃƒÂ³ kÃƒÂ¶zelÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©s, az egysÃƒÂ©ges fÃƒÂ¶ldpiac elÃ…Â‘nyeinek majdani kihasznÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ¡sa jelenik meg. A bÃƒÂ©rleti dÃƒÂ­jak nÃƒÂ¶vekmÃƒÂ©nyÃƒÂ©ben pedig, a fÃƒÂ¶ldalapÃƒÂº tÃƒÂ¡mogatÃƒÂ¡sok bÃƒÂ©rlÃ…Â‘k ÃƒÂ©s tulaj-donosok kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶tti megosztÃƒÂ¡sa jÃƒÂ¡tszik szerepet. A fÃƒÂ¶ldÃƒÂ¼gyi szakemberek egybe-hangzÃƒÂ³ vÃƒÂ©lemÃƒÂ©nye az, hogy a kÃƒÂ¶vetkezÃ…Â‘ 5-10 ÃƒÂ©vben a fÃƒÂ¶ldpiac ÃƒÂ©lÃƒÂ©nkÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ©se, a bÃƒÂ©rle-ti dÃƒÂ­jak ÃƒÂ©s a fÃƒÂ¶ldÃƒÂ¡rak emelkedÃƒÂ©se vÃƒÂ¡rhatÃƒÂ³, ennek mÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©ke azonban ma mÃƒÂ©g nem prognosztizÃƒÂ¡lhatÃƒÂ³. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX The survey shows that the landed property market in Hungary is in a state of anticipation. Demand is primarily for outstanding and good quality land of favourable location in certain counties or larger plots of arable and forestry land. Characteristically poorer quality, less accessible land of less favourable location in the neighbourhood of depopulated, cul-de-sac villages is in oversupply. Scattered, wedged properties of small size or of unclear ownership (undivided common land) are difficult to sell. Many of the vendors are older people with subsistence worries or people who obtained the title by compensation but do not wish to get involved in cultivation. Increasingly more buyers are well capitalised farmers, who wish to increase their holdings or to unite their property (by land swap). Another significant group of buyers wish to invest into landed property located in the neighbourhood of larger cities, at popular sites, next to main roads or motorways. According to our survey in the immediate years before EU accession land and lease prices increased significantly, many fold in relation to quality. Increases in land prices are due to a process of convergence to EU prices intending to take advantage of a projected unified land market. Increases in lease prices are due to apportioning of a projected land based support between owner and lease holder. According to land sale experts (estate or realty agents) the land market will in the 5-10 years liven up resulting in increases in land and lease prices, although the extent of this cannot yet be prognosticated.</abstract>
  <keywords>fÃƒÂ¶ldpiac, fÃƒÂ¶ldforgalom, fÃƒÂ¶ldÃƒÂ¡r, fÃƒÂ¶ldbÃƒÂ©rlet, termÃ…Â‘fÃƒÂ¶ld, land market, land turnover, land price, land lease, arable land, Agricultural and Food Policy, Land Economics/Use,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>6</issue>
   <issuedate>2005</issuedate>
   <volume>49</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/54415</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Hamza, Eszter</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Misko, Krisztina</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:54855</identifier><datestamp>2010-01-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:54855">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>BORÃƒÂ‰RTÃƒÂ‰KESÃƒÂTÃƒÂ‰SI KIHÃƒÂVÃƒÂSOK ELEMZÃƒÂ‰SE</title>
  <abstract>KlaszterelemzÃƒÂ©s segÃƒÂ­tsÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©vel a vizsgÃƒÂ¡latban szereplÃ…Â‘ ÃƒÂ¼zemek jellemzÃ…Â‘i alap-jÃƒÂ¡n hÃƒÂ¡rom eltÃƒÂ©rÃ…Â‘ kategÃƒÂ³ria kÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¶nbÃƒÂ¶ztethetÃ…Â‘ meg: a befutott kisÃƒÂ¼zemek, a prob-lematikus kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ©pÃƒÂ¼zemek ÃƒÂ©s a piacvezetÃ…Â‘ nagyÃƒÂ¼zemek. MegÃƒÂ¡llapÃƒÂ­thatÃƒÂ³, hogy a bo-rÃƒÂ¡szati ÃƒÂ¼zemek hÃƒÂ¡rom kategÃƒÂ³riÃƒÂ¡jÃƒÂ¡nak jelenlegi helyzete, piaci viselkedÃƒÂ©se, kilÃƒÂ¡-tÃƒÂ¡sai erÃ…Â‘sen eltÃƒÂ©rÃ…Â‘k, kÃƒÂ¶vetkezÃƒÂ©skÃƒÂ©ppen stratÃƒÂ©giÃƒÂ¡juk is csak eltÃƒÂ©rÃ…Â‘ lehet. Kritikus helyzetÃ…Â±ek a kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ©pÃƒÂ¼zemek, amelyek tÃƒÂºl nagyok ahhoz, hogy a kis-ÃƒÂ¼zemek ÃƒÂ¡ltal hasznÃƒÂ¡lt (ÃƒÂ©s vÃƒÂ¡rhatÃƒÂ³an mÃƒÂ©g tartÃƒÂ³san megmaradÃƒÂ³) ÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kesÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©si csa-tornÃƒÂ¡kban gondolkodjanak, ahhoz viszont kicsik, hogy a valÃƒÂ³di nagyvÃƒÂ¡llalatok-hoz hasonlÃƒÂ³an a nagy ÃƒÂ¼zletlÃƒÂ¡ncokban is megjelenjenek. A nagy- ÃƒÂ©s kiskereskede-lem bizonytalansÃƒÂ¡gai, illetÃ…Â‘leg a hÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ³zatok fejletlensÃƒÂ©ge pedig tÃƒÂºlsÃƒÂ¡gosan nagy piaci kockÃƒÂ¡zattal jÃƒÂ¡rna szÃƒÂ¡mukra, kÃƒÂ¶vetkezÃƒÂ©skÃƒÂ©ppen a bÃ…Â‘vÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©shez szÃƒÂ¼ksÃƒÂ©ges fej-lesztÃƒÂ©sektÃ…Â‘l is visszatartja Ã…Â‘ket. A kisÃƒÂ¼zemek jÃƒÂ¶vÃ…Â‘je sem tÃƒÂºlsÃƒÂ¡gosan biztatÃƒÂ³, mert termelÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ¼k bÃ…Â‘vÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©se semmi jÃƒÂ³val nem kecsegtet, a klasszikus ÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kesÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©si csatornÃƒÂ¡k (direkt a vevÃ…Â‘nek, boro-zÃƒÂ³nak) pedig a fogyasztÃƒÂ³i igÃƒÂ©nyek vÃƒÂ¡ltozÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡val szintÃƒÂ©n bizonytalannÃƒÂ¡ vÃƒÂ¡lnak. Nem vÃƒÂ©letlen, hogy a kis- ÃƒÂ©s kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ©pÃƒÂ¼zemek szÃƒÂ¡mÃƒÂ¡ra egyre inkÃƒÂ¡bb a kÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¶nfÃƒÂ©le formÃƒÂ¡jÃƒÂº, mÃƒÂ©lysÃƒÂ©gÃ…Â±, tartalmÃƒÂº ÃƒÂ©s irÃƒÂ¡nyÃƒÂº kooperÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³kat javasoljÃƒÂ¡k a szakÃƒÂ©rtÃ…Â‘k, amelyben a hÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ³zati mÃ…Â±kÃƒÂ¶dÃƒÂ©s elÃ…Â‘nyeit (ÃƒÂ¶sszehangolt piaci megjelenÃƒÂ©s, technolÃƒÂ³-giai fejlesztÃƒÂ©sek, innovÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³k, beszerzÃƒÂ©sek stb.) ÃƒÂ¶tvÃƒÂ¶zni lehet a kisebb mÃƒÂ©retekbÃ…Â‘l fakadÃƒÂ³ rugalmassÃƒÂ¡ggal. A hÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ³zati egyÃƒÂ¼ttmÃ…Â±kÃƒÂ¶dÃƒÂ©sek kiÃƒÂ©pÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©nek termÃƒÂ©szetesen kormÃƒÂ¡nyzati (orszÃƒÂ¡gos, regionÃƒÂ¡lis ÃƒÂ©s helyi) feladatai is vannak, elsÃ…Â‘sorban az in-dulÃƒÂ³ feltÃƒÂ©telek tÃƒÂ¡mogatÃƒÂ¡sa terÃƒÂ¼letÃƒÂ©n. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX With the help of cluster analysis, three disparate categories may be identified among the businesses participating in this study: successful small businesses, problematic medium-sized enterprises and the market leaders, large businesses. Clearly the current situation, market behaviour and prospects for the three types of winemaking business categories differ considerably; consequently their strategies must also differ. Medium-sized enterprises, which are too big to utilise the sales channels used currently (and for the foreseeable future) by small businesses, but are too small to have a presence in large retail chains as genuinely big businesses do, are in a critical situation. The uncertainties of large-scale and small trade together with underdeveloped networks present too great a market risk for them and consequently holds them back from the developments needed for expansion. The future is not all that bright for small businesses either, because expanding their production holds little promise, while the traditional sales channels (direct to the buyer and the wine bars) are becoming increasingly uncertain as consumer demands change. It is not accidental, therefore, that experts are encouraging small and medium-sized enterprises into cooperation of varying form, depth and direction, in which the advantages of network activities (concerted market presence, technological developments, innovations and investments, etc.) can be combined with the flexibility resulting from being small. The development of cooperative networks naturally involves governmental role (local, regional and national) primarily in supporting start-up conditions.</abstract>
  <keywords>klaszter elemzÃƒÂ©s, kis- ÃƒÂ©s kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ©p borÃƒÂ¼zemek fenyegetettsÃƒÂ©ge, cluster analyses, threatness of small and medium size wine producers, Crop Production/Industries, International Relations/Trade,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>13</issue>
   <issuedate>2005</issuedate>
   <volume>49</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/54855</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Doman, Szilvia</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:48088</identifier><datestamp>2010-01-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:48088">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>ConsumersÃ¢Â€Â™ knowledge of bio-energetics</title>
  <abstract>Our aim was to establish the specific objectives and toolkit of eco-energetic marketing targeting the North Hungarian region, through a primary survey of 600 persons. Our research objective was to examine Ã¢Â€Â“ taking the regionÃ¢Â€Â™s economic and social circumstances into consideration Ã¢Â€Â“ what conditions, consumer reception, and affinity is needed to gain competitive advantage with the involvement of renewable energy sources, and also to point out the characteristics of how the population currently uses energy, its mode and satisfaction level. During the examination of consumersÃ¢Â€Â™ familiarity level with renewable energy sources we observed the dominance of solar, hydro, and wind energy, nevertheless, their knowledge about these renewable energy sources was rather superficial. Concerning the main sources of knowledge on renewable energy sources we can state that the respondents showed a preference for traditional media, such as television, the press, and radio. It is apparent Ã¢Â€Â“ as opposed to similar results from previous research Ã¢Â€Â“ that the reference groups were the least significant influential sources of information in respect of the whole spectrum of respondents. The results of the attitude examination established the following facts: of the factors associated with renewable energy sources, environment protection, inexpensiveness, local energy production, and investment demand were most frequently mentioned. All this suggests that respondents are well aware of the cleanness of renewable energy sources and also that these sources will probably be cheaper than fossil fuels. Most respondents would typically give moral rather than financial support for the implementation of such an initiative.</abstract>
  <keywords>renewable energy, attitude, associations, primary research, Consumer/Household Economics, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>22</issue>
   <issuedate>2008</issuedate>
   <volume>52</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/48088</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Tamus, Antalne</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:54342</identifier><datestamp>2010-01-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:54342">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>INTERPLAY BETWEEN THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION AND THE MEMBER STATES Ã¢Â€Â“ REVIEW OF SUBSIDY WITHDRAWALS BY THE NEW MEMBER STATES</title>
  <abstract>The administration of the relevant part of EAGGF Guarantee expenditure, which accounts for more than 50% of the budget of the European Communities follows shared management arrangements. Shared management means that member states pay and control the expenditure for agricultural and rural development subsidies and the Commission is responsible for the administration of payments and for auditing the control system of member states. The communication on the expenditure effected by accredited paying agencies takes place via a comprehensive financial reporting system and monthly EAGGF Committee meetings. These meetings provide scope for the reconciliation of any disagreement concerning the monthly advances reimbursed by the Commission to member states and also give an overview on actual budget implementation. The new member states which joined the European Union on 1 May 2004 have started to apply the comprehensive financial reporting system following an intensive cooperation period in the form of training seminars provided to them by the Commission for setting up the reporting systems of paying agencies. The first expenditure from the EAGGF Guarantee Section was executed in July 2004 and reported to the Commission during the following month. The pioneer new member states were the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Poland, followed by Hungary, Estonia and Slovenia a month later. Until the end of August approximately 6 million Euros have been withdrawn from the Fund, used in a fifty-fifty percent split for export restitutions for milk and milk products, beef and veal, live animals and eggs to countries outside the European Union and for other market intervention measures, such as supply of food from intervention stocks for distribution to the most deprived persons in the Community, production refunds on sugar used in the chemical industry, aid for skimmed milk processed into casein and school milk. By the end of the 2004 financial year (15 October 2004) some other new member states, Lithuania, Latvia and Cyprus also intend to start paying agricultural subsidies to their beneficiaries. The total estimated value of expenditure to be withdrawn from EAGGF Guarantee by the new member states in the 2004 financial year and charged therefore to the 2004 budget is circa an additional 14 million Euros. Therefore, the aggregated amount of the subsidy withdrawn by the EU-10 countries charged to the 2004 budget will be ca. 20 million Euros, which is a minor amount compared to the budget appropriations included in the 2004 budget for EAGGF Guarantee as a whole. A speeding up of subsidy withdrawals is necessary for new member states to make the best use of benefit from CAP. It is possible to achieve this goal by the withdrawal of subsidies for direct aids. Direct aids can be paid to farmers in the framework of the Single Area Payment Scheme from the first day of the 2005 financial year (16 October 2004) in case of new member states (except Malta and Slovenia). The advances to member states will be reimbursed in January 2005 and charged therefore to the 2005 budget. As it was the case for earlier enlargements of the European Union, the first months of subsidy withdrawals are being used mainly to get acquainted with the administration and to test the operation of the paying agency systems. However, this period should be considered strictly as an interim phase and significant effort should be made by the national agricultural administrations to widen the Ã¢Â€ÂœpenetrabilityÃ¢Â€Â of the subsidy handling, that is to increase the amount of subsidy withdrawn from the EU by the paying agency systems already operating in the new member states to benefit from the Common Agricultural Policy of the European Union.</abstract>
  <keywords>withdrawn from the EU Funds, target branches, paying agency systems, Agricultural and Food Policy, Crop Production/Industries, Livestock Production/Industries,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>12</issue>
   <issuedate>2005</issuedate>
   <volume>49</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/54342</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Neszmelyi, Athene</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:54852</identifier><datestamp>2010-01-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:54852">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>HÃ…ÂHASZNOSÃƒÂTÃƒÂSÃƒÂš BIOMASSZA POTENCIÃƒÂL HEVES MEGYÃƒÂ‰BEN</title>
  <abstract>Az EurÃƒÂ³pai UniÃƒÂ³ban 2004-ben 13,9% a nem fosszilis, megÃƒÂºjulÃƒÂ³ energiahor-dozÃƒÂ³k rÃƒÂ©szarÃƒÂ¡nya az energiatermelÃƒÂ©sben, amelyet 2010-re 22,1%-ra terveznek emelni. HazÃƒÂ¡nkban ez az arÃƒÂ¡ny 2004-ben 0,9%, amelyet 2010-re 3,6%-ra kellene emelnÃƒÂ¼nk; ezt vÃƒÂ¡llaltuk csatlakozÃƒÂ¡sunkkor. A kÃƒÂ¶vetkezÃ…Â‘ hat ÃƒÂ©vben nÃƒÂ©gyszeresÃƒÂ©re kell nÃƒÂ¶velni a megÃƒÂºjulÃƒÂ³ energiahordozÃƒÂ³k termelÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©t, felhasznÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡t. Heves megyÃƒÂ©ben is egyre nagyobb jelentÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©gre tesz szert az a tÃƒÂ¶rekvÃƒÂ©s, hogy nÃƒÂ¶vekvÃ…Â‘ energiaigÃƒÂ©nyÃƒÂ©t minÃƒÂ©l kedvezÃ…Â‘bb ÃƒÂ¡ron tudjÃƒÂ¡k kielÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ­teni. Az imÃƒÂ©nt emlÃƒÂ­-tett mindkÃƒÂ©t alapvetÃ…Â‘ szempontnak megfelel az, ha minÃƒÂ©l teljesebb mÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kben hasznosÃƒÂ­tjÃƒÂ¡k a megyÃƒÂ©kben talÃƒÂ¡lhatÃƒÂ³ biomassza energetikai tartalÃƒÂ©kokat. A szerzÃ…Â‘ irÃƒÂ¡nyÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡val a KÃƒÂ¡roly RÃƒÂ³bert FÃ…Â‘iskola kutatÃƒÂ³i, oktatÃƒÂ³i a GyÃƒÂ¶ngyÃƒÂ¶s KÃƒÂ¶rzete KistÃƒÂ©rsÃƒÂ©g TerÃƒÂ¼letfejlesztÃƒÂ©si TÃƒÂ¡rsulÃƒÂ¡s megbÃƒÂ­zÃƒÂ¡sa alapjÃƒÂ¡n rÃƒÂ©szletes primer ÃƒÂ©s szekunder kutatÃƒÂ¡sokkal felmÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©k a Heves megyÃƒÂ©ben ÃƒÂ©vente kÃƒÂ©pzÃ…Â‘dÃ…Â‘ tÃƒÂ¼zelÃƒÂ©ses energiatermelÃƒÂ©sre hasznosÃƒÂ­thatÃƒÂ³ szÃƒÂ¡ntÃƒÂ³fÃƒÂ¶ldi mellÃƒÂ©ktermÃƒÂ©k, szÃ…Â‘lÃ…Â‘venyige, gyÃƒÂ¼-mÃƒÂ¶lcsfa-nyesedÃƒÂ©k, erdei biomassza mennyisÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©t, kiszÃƒÂ¡mÃƒÂ­tottÃƒÂ¡k annak energia-tartalmÃƒÂ¡t. KidolgoztÃƒÂ¡k egy energiaerdÃ…Â‘ program legfontosabb elemeit, a megva-lÃƒÂ³sÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡s kritÃƒÂ©riumait, szervezeti-szervezÃƒÂ©si feltÃƒÂ©teleit ÃƒÂ©s a program vÃƒÂ¡rhatÃƒÂ³ hatÃƒÂ¡sa-it. FeltÃƒÂ¡rtÃƒÂ¡k egy lÃƒÂ©trehozandÃƒÂ³ Heves Megyei Biomassza Energetikai Klaszter alapÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡si, mÃ…Â±kÃƒÂ¶dÃƒÂ©si feltÃƒÂ©teleit. A biomassza Heves megyei energetikai hasznosÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sa szempontjÃƒÂ¡bÃƒÂ³l kÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¶nleges jelentÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©ge van annak a tÃƒÂ©nynek, hogy itt mÃ…Â±kÃƒÂ¶dik az orszÃƒÂ¡g legnagyobb lignit alapÃƒÂº villamos erÃ…Â‘mÃ…Â±ve, a MÃƒÂ¡trai ErÃ…Â‘mÃ…Â± Rt., amely jelentÃ…Â‘s erÃ…Â‘feszÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©seket tett a kÃƒÂ¶rnyezetterhelÃƒÂ©s csÃƒÂ¶kkentÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©re. A MÃƒÂ¡trai ErÃ…Â‘mÃ…Â± Rt. jelentÃ…Â‘s volumenÃ…Â± ÃƒÂ©s hatÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂº biomassza egyÃƒÂ¼ttÃƒÂ©getÃƒÂ©si programot dolgozott ki, amely a jÃƒÂ¶vÃ…Â‘ben lehetÃ…Â‘vÃƒÂ© teszi a megyÃƒÂ©ben kÃƒÂ©pzÃ…Â‘dÃ…Â‘ ilyen jellegÃ…Â± tÃƒÂ¼zelÃ…Â‘anyagok hatÃƒÂ©kony ÃƒÂ©s kÃƒÂ¶rnyezetkÃƒÂ­mÃƒÂ©lÃ…Â‘ fel-hasznÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡t. Ez a tanulmÃƒÂ¡ny feltÃƒÂ¡rja a megye egyik fontos energetikai nyersanyagtartalÃƒÂ©-kÃƒÂ¡t, amely ÃƒÂ¶sszesen 429 ezer tonna ÃƒÂ©vente kÃƒÂ©pzÃ…Â‘dÃ…Â‘, illetve egy energiaerdÃ…Â‘ prog-ram sorÃƒÂ¡n megtermelhetÃ…Â‘ ÃƒÂ©getÃƒÂ©ses hasznosÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sra alkalmassÃƒÂ¡ tehetÃ…Â‘ biomasszÃƒÂ¡t jelent, amelynek 6 milliÃƒÂ³ 337 ezer gigajoul az energiapotenciÃƒÂ¡lja. Ennek tÃƒÂºlnyo-mÃƒÂ³ rÃƒÂ©sze ma semmilyen formÃƒÂ¡ban nem hasznosul, sÃ…Â‘t a kÃƒÂ¶rnyezetet sÃƒÂºlyosan kÃƒÂ¡-rosÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ³ mÃƒÂ³don ÃƒÂ©getik el a szÃƒÂ¡ntÃƒÂ³fÃƒÂ¶ldeken, a szÃ…Â‘lÃ…Â‘kben, a gyÃƒÂ¼mÃƒÂ¶lcsÃƒÂ¶sÃƒÂ¶kben ÃƒÂ©s az erdÃ…Â‘ vÃƒÂ©ghasznÃƒÂ¡latok terÃƒÂ¼letÃƒÂ©n. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX The proportion of non-fossil, renewable energy produced in EU was 13.9% in 2004; the plan is to increase this to 22.1% by 2010. In Hungary, this proportion was 0.9% in 2004 and needs to be raised to 3.6% by 2010 in order to meet the commitment given as part of the countryÃ¢Â€Â™s EU accession. We have to increase the production and utilisation of renewable energy fourfold over the next six years. Efforts in Heves County to satisfy energy requirements as cost-effectively as possible are also gaining in increasing significance. Maximised utilisation of the countyÃ¢Â€Â™s biomass energy reserves satisfies both the fundamental aspects previously mentioned. Commissioned by the Small Area Regional Development Association of GyÃƒÂ¶ngyÃƒÂ¶s District and lead by the author, the researchers and teachers of the KÃƒÂ¡roly RÃƒÂ³bert Institute of Higher Education used detailed primary and secondary research to measure the volume of arable land by-products, vine cut-offs, fruit tree clippings and forestry biomass available annually for use in thermal energy production in the county, and calculated its energy content. They worked out the most important elements of an energy-forest programme, together with implementation criteria, organisational requirements and the programmeÃ¢Â€Â™s potential effects. They explored the requirements for establishing and operating the planned Heves County Biomass Energy Cluster. It is significant in the context of Heves CountyÃ¢Â€Â™s utilisation of biomass for energy production that the county is home to the countryÃ¢Â€Â™s largest lignite (brown coal) fuelled electrical power plant, the MÃƒÂ¡trai ErÃ…Â‘mÃ…Â± Rt., which has made significant efforts to reduce environmental pollution. The MÃƒÂ¡trai ErÃ…Â‘mÃ…Â± Rt. has developed a combined firing programme for biomass of significant volume and efficacy that will, in the future, enable the effective and environmentally sound utilisation of such fuels in the county. This paper explores one of the countyÃ¢Â€Â™s important energy raw material reserves, which equates to 429,000 tonnes of biomass suitable for burning or what could be produced in the course of an energy-forest programme, with an energy potential of 6,337,000 gigajoules. Currently, little of this material is utilised in any form and is, in fact, burned on arable lands, vineyards, orchards and on forest wastelands, in a manner that causes serious environmental damage.</abstract>
  <keywords>megÃƒÂºjulÃƒÂ³ energia, energia-erdÃ…Â‘ program, GyÃƒÂ¶ngyÃƒÂ¶s kistÃƒÂ©rsÃƒÂ©g, renewable energy, energy-forest programme, GyÃƒÂ¶ngyÃƒÂ¶s District, Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, Production Economics,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>13</issue>
   <issuedate>2005</issuedate>
   <volume>49</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/54852</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Gergely, Sandor</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:54408</identifier><datestamp>2010-01-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:54408">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>MARKET EXPECTATIONS OF ECOLOGICAL PRODUCTS IN HUNGARIAN ANIMAL HUSBANDRY</title>
  <abstract>Within agricultural technologies the environment consciousness, environment saving approaches have become increasingly significant in recent years. The main objective of this trend is to find the proper balance within the human-plant-animal environment. In the last few years, rural policies also encouraged the sustainable way of production in agriculture. Organic farming is one of the opportunities of introducing these theoretical approaches into practise. The paper evaluates the results of a survey made of ecological animal keeping farms. It was found that producers were mainly motivated by their commitments to environmentalism. Considering prospects for the future Ã¢Â€Â“ taking also aspects of profitability into account Ã¢Â€Â“ they are optimistic about forthcoming development of market outlets, but they still focus on foreign markets. This trend apart domestic markets need to be urgently developed. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Az utÃƒÂ³bbi idÃ…Â‘kben jelentÃ…Â‘s fejlÃ…Â‘dÃƒÂ©s tapasztalhatÃƒÂ³ a mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi termelÃƒÂ©sen belÃƒÂ¼l a kÃƒÂ¶rnyezettudatos, kÃƒÂ¶rnyezetkÃƒÂ­mÃƒÂ©lÃ…Â‘ technolÃƒÂ³giÃƒÂ¡k vonatkozÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡ban, melyek legfÃ…Â‘bb cÃƒÂ©lja, hogy a kÃƒÂ¶rnyezeti adottsÃƒÂ¡gok figyelembevÃƒÂ©telÃƒÂ©vel megtalÃƒÂ¡ljÃƒÂ¡k a megfelelÃ…Â‘ egyensÃƒÂºlyt az ember-nÃƒÂ¶vÃƒÂ©ny-ÃƒÂ¡llat kapcsolatban. Az elmÃƒÂºlt idÃ…Â‘szak agrÃƒÂ¡rpolitikai tÃƒÂ¶rekvÃƒÂ©sei is nagyban hozzÃƒÂ¡jÃƒÂ¡rultak a mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi termelÃƒÂ©s fenntarthatÃƒÂ³ mÃƒÂ³don tÃƒÂ¶rtÃƒÂ©nÃ…Â‘ mÃ…Â±velÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©hez. Ezen elmÃƒÂ©leti megkÃƒÂ¶zelÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©sek egyik gyakorlati megvalÃƒÂ³sÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡si mÃƒÂ³dja az ÃƒÂ¶kolÃƒÂ³giai gazdÃƒÂ¡lkodÃƒÂ¡s. A tanulmÃƒÂ¡ny az ÃƒÂ¡llattartÃƒÂ³ ÃƒÂ¶kolÃƒÂ³giai gazdasÃƒÂ¡gok kÃƒÂ¶rÃƒÂ©ben vÃƒÂ©gzett kÃƒÂ©rdÃ…Â‘ÃƒÂ­ves felmÃƒÂ©rÃƒÂ©s eredmÃƒÂ©nyeit taglalja. MegÃƒÂ¡llapÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡st nyert, hogy a termelÃ…Â‘k alapvetÃ…Â‘ motivÃƒÂ¡ltsÃƒÂ¡gÃƒÂ¡t a kÃƒÂ¶rnyezetvÃƒÂ©delmi szempontok irÃƒÂ¡nti elkÃƒÂ¶telezettsÃƒÂ©g mozgatja. A jÃƒÂ¶vÃ…Â‘re vonatkozÃƒÂ³ kilÃƒÂ¡tÃƒÂ¡sokat tekintve Ã¢Â€Â“ figyelembe vÃƒÂ©ve a jÃƒÂ¶vedelmezÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©gi szempontokat Ã¢Â€Â“ bizalommal tekintenek az elkÃƒÂ¶vetkezendÃ…Â‘ idÃ…Â‘szak piaci lehetÃ…Â‘-sÃƒÂ©geinek alakulÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡ra, de tovÃƒÂ¡bbra is a kÃƒÂ¼lpiacot helyezik elÃ…Â‘tÃƒÂ©rbe. A termelÃ…Â‘k helyzetbe hozÃƒÂ¡sa mellett a hazai piac fejlesztÃƒÂ©se kell, hogy prioritÃƒÂ¡st ÃƒÂ©lvezzen.</abstract>
  <keywords>sustainability, changes in consumption habits, questionnary - fenntarthatÃƒÂ³sÃƒÂ¡g, fogyasztÃƒÂ³i szokÃƒÂ¡svÃƒÂ¡ltozÃƒÂ¡sok, kÃƒÂ©rdÃ…Â‘ÃƒÂ­ves felmÃƒÂ©rÃƒÂ©s, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Livestock Production/Industries, Marketing,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>12</issue>
   <issuedate>2005</issuedate>
   <volume>49</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/54408</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Foldes, Fruzsina</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Goda, Matyas</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Molnar, Barna</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:48100</identifier><datestamp>2010-01-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:48100">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>How to increase food security in North Korea?</title>
  <abstract>In North Korea, in conformity with the still prevailing Juche ideology, food self-reliance seems to be the main objective in order to increase food security. The only option for boosting domestic food supply is to intensify agricultural and food production, as the possibilities for an extensive production increase are rather limited, due to natural, climatic and ecological conditions. The article analyses those less energy-intensive, less costly, but more cost efficient and environmentally friendly farming methods and practices, which might lead to sustainable self-sufficiency via sustainable productivity. Though technical developments have a vital role in increasing labour productivity and yields, a conducive economic environment is also essential for increasing domestic food supply.</abstract>
  <keywords>North Korean agriculture, food security, self-reliance, intensifying agricultural production, increasing yields, Food Security and Poverty, International Development,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>22</issue>
   <issuedate>2008</issuedate>
   <volume>52</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/48100</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Kiss, Judit</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:54856</identifier><datestamp>2010-01-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:54856">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>VÃƒÂLASZÃƒÂšT ELÃ…ÂTT A MAGYAR SZÃ…ÂLÃ…ÂTERMELÃƒÂ‰S</title>
  <abstract>MagyarorszÃƒÂ¡g EU tagsÃƒÂ¡ga a hazai szÃ…Â‘lÃ…Â‘termesztÃƒÂ©s ÃƒÂ©s borÃƒÂ¡szat szÃƒÂ¡mÃƒÂ¡ra lÃƒÂ©t-kÃƒÂ©rdÃƒÂ©ssÃƒÂ© tette a Ã¢Â€ÂžgazdÃƒÂ¡lkodj globÃƒÂ¡lisan, cselekedj lokÃƒÂ¡lisanÃ¢Â€Â elv szigorÃƒÂº ÃƒÂ©s kÃƒÂ¶-vetkezetes alkalmazÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡t, vagyis a vilÃƒÂ¡g szÃ…Â‘lÃ…Â‘termesztÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©ben vÃƒÂ©gbemenÃ…Â‘ vÃƒÂ¡ltozÃƒÂ¡-sok naprakÃƒÂ©sz figyelÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©t. A tradÃƒÂ­ciÃƒÂ³kra ÃƒÂ©pÃƒÂ­tÃ…Â‘, borvidÃƒÂ©ki jelleget (terroir) hangsÃƒÂº-lyozÃƒÂ³, szabÃƒÂ¡lyokkal ÃƒÂ©s rendeletekkel vÃƒÂ©dett (esetleg korlÃƒÂ¡tozott) eurÃƒÂ³pai szÃ…Â‘lÃ…Â‘-termesztÃƒÂ©s ÃƒÂ©s borÃƒÂ¡szat nap mint nap szembesÃƒÂ¼l a Ã¢Â€Âžbor ÃƒÂºjvilÃƒÂ¡gÃ¢Â€Â kihÃƒÂ­vÃƒÂ¡saival. ElsÃ…Â‘sorban a dÃƒÂ©li fÃƒÂ¶ldteke (Chile, DÃƒÂ©l-Afrika, AusztrÃƒÂ¡lia, ÃƒÂšj-ZÃƒÂ©land) ÃƒÂ©s ÃƒÂºjab-ban KÃƒÂ­na szÃ…Â‘lÃ…Â‘termesztÃƒÂ©se jÃƒÂ³ minÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©gÃ…Â±, olcsÃƒÂ³ vagy kÃƒÂ¶zepes ÃƒÂ¡rfekvÃƒÂ©sÃ…Â± boraival tÃƒÂºlsÃƒÂºlyba kerÃƒÂ¼lt a nagy ÃƒÂ¡ruhÃƒÂ¡zlÃƒÂ¡ncok borkÃƒÂ­nÃƒÂ¡latÃƒÂ¡ban. A sikert a jÃƒÂ³ ÃƒÂ¡r/ÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©k arÃƒÂ¡ny mellett az agresszÃƒÂ­v ÃƒÂ©s sikeres marketing akciÃƒÂ³k magyarÃƒÂ¡zzÃƒÂ¡k. EurÃƒÂ³pa nÃƒÂ©met nyelvterÃƒÂ¼letÃ…Â± szÃ…Â‘lÃ…Â‘termesztÃ…Â‘ orszÃƒÂ¡gaiban (Ausztria, NÃƒÂ©metor-szÃƒÂ¡g, SvÃƒÂ¡jc, DÃƒÂ©l-Tirol) Ã¢Â€Â“ ahol a kÃƒÂ¶rnyezet ÃƒÂ©s emberi egÃƒÂ©szsÃƒÂ©g vÃƒÂ©delme tÃƒÂ¡rsadalmi szinten elismert ÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©k Ã¢Â€Â“ a kÃƒÂ¶rnyezetkÃƒÂ­mÃƒÂ©lÃ…Â‘/kÃƒÂ¶rnyezetkÃƒÂ¶zeli/integrÃƒÂ¡lt termesztÃƒÂ©s-technolÃƒÂ³giÃƒÂ¡k tÃƒÂ©rhÃƒÂ³dÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sa jelzik azt a harmadik utat, melyen a magyar szÃ…Â‘lÃƒÂ©szet ÃƒÂ©s borÃƒÂ¡szat irÃƒÂ¡nyÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ³inak ÃƒÂ©s rÃƒÂ©sztvevÃ…Â‘inek komolyan el kell gondolkodni. A Ã¢Â€Âžbor ÃƒÂºjvilÃƒÂ¡gÃ¢Â€Â maximÃƒÂ¡lisan gÃƒÂ©pesÃƒÂ­tett, a tudomÃƒÂ¡ny ÃƒÂ©s technika eredmÃƒÂ©nyeit azonnal alkalmazÃƒÂ³ olcsÃƒÂ³, jÃƒÂ³ minÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©gÃ…Â± boraival a magyar borÃƒÂ¡szat nÃƒÂ©hÃƒÂ¡ny sze-replÃ…Â‘je tud versenyezni. A hagyomÃƒÂ¡nyok ÃƒÂ¡polÃƒÂ¡sa, a borvidÃƒÂ©ki jelleg hangsÃƒÂºlyo-zÃƒÂ¡sa Tokaj, Eger, VillÃƒÂ¡ny, Badacsony esetÃƒÂ©ben Ã¢Â€Â“ ha azt tÃƒÂ©nyleg meg is valÃƒÂ³sÃƒÂ­tjÃƒÂ¡k Ã¢Â€Â“ biztosÃƒÂ­thatja a tÃƒÂºlÃƒÂ©lÃƒÂ©st ÃƒÂ©s a talpon maradÃƒÂ¡st. Az integrÃƒÂ¡lt termesztÃƒÂ©stechnolÃƒÂ³gia hagyomÃƒÂ¡nyos fajtÃƒÂ¡k alkalmazÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡val ÃƒÂ³riÃƒÂ¡si kockÃƒÂ¡zatot jelent. ÃƒÂšgy gondoljuk, hogy MagyarorszÃƒÂ¡gon ÃƒÂ©s a nÃƒÂ©met nyelvterÃƒÂ¼leteken nemesÃƒÂ­tett interspecifikus fajtÃƒÂ¡k ÃƒÂ©s fajtajelÃƒÂ¶ltek termesztÃƒÂ©se megbÃƒÂ­zhatÃƒÂ³ lehetÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©g a fentebb nem emlÃƒÂ­tett szÃ…Â‘lÃ…Â‘termesztÃ…Â‘ tÃƒÂ¡jak ÃƒÂ©s vidÃƒÂ©kek ÃƒÂ©letben maradÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡hoz. Dolgozatunkban hazai ÃƒÂ©s kÃƒÂ¼lfÃƒÂ¶ldi interspecifikus fajtÃƒÂ¡k ÃƒÂ©s fajtajelÃƒÂ¶ltek ter-mesztÃƒÂ©si ÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kvizsgÃƒÂ¡latÃƒÂ¡rÃƒÂ³l szÃƒÂ¡molunk be, melyet a KRF KertÃƒÂ©szeti TanszÃƒÂ©kÃƒÂ©n, GyÃƒÂ¶ngyÃƒÂ¶sÃƒÂ¶n vÃƒÂ©geztÃƒÂ¼k. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Changes of great importance are taking place in the viniculture and oenology of the world. In the grape-growing countries of the Southern hemisphere (Chile, South Africa, Australia), the latest achievements of science and technology are used to produce so called technology wines from world famous varieties (Chardonnay, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot). They are not related to any tradition or to the character of any wine region. These wines are released for sale in large chain stores. It is vital for the Mediterranean grape-growing regions of Europe to cope with these new challenges. In Hungary, there are a few wine-producing companies that have well-established cooperations in the market (Hilltop NeszmÃƒÂ©ly, Danubiana Bt, Varga Kft). In the future, these companies will have the possibility to produce good-quality, downmarket wines in large quantities by using EU funds wisely. It is probable that China will soon appear in this segment of the market, causing problems for other producers. The traditional wine regions of Europe (Bordeaux, Burgundy, Tuscany, Tokaj) must retain or increase the attention of the worldÃ¢Â€Â™s wine consumers by innovation or new marketing methods. In the wine region of Tokaj, these changes have already been carried out successfully (DisznÃƒÂ³kÃ…Â‘ Rt, HÃƒÂ©tszÃ…Â‘lÃ…Â‘ Rt, OrÃƒÂ©musz Rt). In German-speaking grape-growing countries of Europe (Austria, Germany, South Tyrol) and in Switzerland, where the whole society accepts the values of environment and human health protection, the main source of innovation has been the development and production of varieties resisting to diseases. After the phylloxera infection between 1900-1920, there was a period when it became important to grow hybrids by cross-fertilizing American and European grape varieties. However, the low quality of these wines and the fast development of the chemical industry circumvented this tendency. In Hungary, it was in the 1950Ã¢Â€Â™s that Csizmadia and Breznai started cross-fertilization to produce grape varieties of vinifera value. For cross-fertilization, they used the hybrids brought from France by PÃƒÂ¡l Csepregi. Based on their methods, several successful hybrids have been produced not only in Hungary but also in neighbouring countries (Slovakia, Austria). Our paper gives a comparison of production values of some world famous varieties with those of the nationally recognized Bianka wine-grape variety and some foreign resistant varieties and potential varieties. The research was carried out in the Horticultural Department of KÃƒÂ¡roly RÃƒÂ³bert College.</abstract>
  <keywords>fajta hasznÃƒÂ¡lat, tradÃƒÂ­cionÃƒÂ¡lis borrÃƒÂ©giÃƒÂ³k versenykÃƒÂ©pessÃƒÂ©ge, termelÃƒÂ©si ÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©k ÃƒÂ¶sszehasonlÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ³ elemzÃƒÂ©se, species, competitiveness of traditional wine regions, comparison of production values, Crop Production/Industries, International Development,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>13</issue>
   <issuedate>2005</issuedate>
   <volume>49</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/54856</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Varga, Istvan</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Lefler, Peter</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Markus, Monika</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:54340</identifier><datestamp>2010-01-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:54340">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>THE SUSTAINABLE SYSTEM OF AGRICULTURE AND COUNTRYSIDE DEVELOPMENT</title>
  <abstract>It is increasingly obvious from our present investigations that we can hope to escape the controversies of the present day globalizing world only via sustainability, creativity, development of alternative energy resources and peopleÃ¢Â€Â™s cohesion. This applies particularly to the transitional problems of domestic agriculture arising from the change of political system in this country, where a systematic introduction of a sustainable regime for the development of agriculture and countryside would be especially desirable. The attainment of sustainability and countryside development is taking place simultaneously but independently in each country in the EU, but a deliberate combination of national strategies to draw on the advantages of interactions and interrelationships is perceived to be increasingly urgent. Brussels is yet to recognize the use of such a strategy. Globally sustainability has hardly made any noticeable advances so far, whereas at local levels confusion can be detected. For countryside development the LEADER programs based on local initiatives are being executed and for sustainability the LA-21 (Local Agenda 21) programs have been started. Based on the actual domestic situation, EU aspirations, the globalization phenomenon and present research, it can be stated with reasonable confidence that agricultural and countryside development combined with sustainability is of paramount importance in achieving a synergistic effect at all levels (local, regional and global), at all dimensions (natural environment, society and economics), in all forms of production and consumption (peopleÃ¢Â€Â™s and producersÃ¢Â€Â™ consumption) and for all participants (individuals, entrepreneurs, community organizations, politicians). The complex and dynamic system of sustainable agricultural and countryside development consists of sustainable production, sustainable farming system, sustainable enterprises, sustainable countryside and sustainable settlements. The described system may constitute the backbone of an independent countryside development program, because it corresponds perfectly well with changes of EU regulations expected between 2007 and 2013. A unified, programmed approach to sustainable agricultural and countryside development is particularly important in Hungary, because farmers and country people are pinning their hopes of improved living standard on such an approach, in place of the present system of dealing only with details, ignoring any interactions and even bringing about confrontations. With sustainable practices in agriculture and countryside development we can ensure the longterm preservation of the quality of natural resources exploited in agriculture and forestry and that of the country environment, the adaptation to global challenges, the fulfillment of increasing quality requirements, improved competitiveness and elevated living standard for farmers and country people, that at the same time contributes to the social advancement of whole society. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX A tÃƒÂ©makÃƒÂ¶rben vÃƒÂ©gzett eddigi vizsgÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ³dÃƒÂ¡saink alapjÃƒÂ¡n egyre jobban kirajzolhatÃƒÂ³, hogy a globalizÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ³dÃƒÂ³ vilÃƒÂ¡g ellentmondÃƒÂ¡saibÃƒÂ³l valÃƒÂ³ kilÃƒÂ¡balÃƒÂ¡s a fenntarthatÃƒÂ³sÃƒÂ¡gtÃƒÂ³l, a kreativitÃƒÂ¡stÃƒÂ³l, az alternatÃƒÂ­v erÃ…Â‘forrÃƒÂ¡sok tÃƒÂ©rnyerÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©tÃ…Â‘l ÃƒÂ©s az emberek ÃƒÂ¶sszefogÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡tÃƒÂ³l remÃƒÂ©lhetÃ…Â‘. Ez mÃƒÂ©g inkÃƒÂ¡bb igaz a rendszervÃƒÂ¡ltozÃƒÂ¡s ÃƒÂ¡talakulÃƒÂ¡si, ÃƒÂ¡tmeneti gondjainak kÃƒÂ¶vetkezmÃƒÂ©nyeivel veszÃ…Â‘dÃ…Â‘ hazai agrÃƒÂ¡rgazdasÃƒÂ¡gra ÃƒÂ©s vidÃƒÂ©kre. A fenntarthatÃƒÂ³sÃƒÂ¡g ÃƒÂ©s a vidÃƒÂ©kfejlesztÃƒÂ©s kibontakozÃƒÂ¡sa az EurÃƒÂ³pai UniÃƒÂ³ban egymÃƒÂ¡stÃƒÂ³l fÃƒÂ¼ggetlenÃƒÂ¼l pÃƒÂ¡rhuzamosan halad, s nem sokkal jobb a helyzet az agrÃƒÂ¡rpolitikÃƒÂ¡ban ÃƒÂ©s vidÃƒÂ©kpolitikÃƒÂ¡ban, mikÃƒÂ¶zben a fenntarthatÃƒÂ³sÃƒÂ¡g kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ©ppontba ÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sa, az agrÃƒÂ¡r- ÃƒÂ©s vidÃƒÂ©kfejlesztÃƒÂ©s tudatos ÃƒÂ¶sszekapcsolÃƒÂ¡sa a kÃƒÂ¶lcsÃƒÂ¶nhatÃƒÂ¡sok ÃƒÂ©s ÃƒÂ¶sszefÃƒÂ¼ggÃƒÂ©sek elÃ…Â‘nyeinek kamatoztatÃƒÂ¡sa ÃƒÂ©rdekÃƒÂ©ben egyre sÃƒÂ¼rgetÃ…Â‘bb. BrÃƒÂ¼sszel azonban mind a mai napig kÃƒÂ©sik a felismerÃƒÂ©s ÃƒÂ©rvÃƒÂ©nyesÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©vel. ÃƒÂ‰rdemleges elÃ…Â‘relÃƒÂ©pÃƒÂ©s a 2007-2013 periÃƒÂ³dusban remÃƒÂ©lhetÃ…Â‘. TapasztalhatÃƒÂ³, hogy a fenntarthatÃƒÂ³sÃƒÂ¡g globÃƒÂ¡lis szintjÃƒÂ©n alig mutathatÃƒÂ³ fel valamilyen eredmÃƒÂ©ny, lokÃƒÂ¡lis szinten pedig a zavart jelzi, hogy a vidÃƒÂ©kfejlesztÃƒÂ©sben zajlanak a helyi kezdemÃƒÂ©nyezÃƒÂ©sekre ÃƒÂ©pÃƒÂ¼lÃ…Â‘ LEADER programok, a fenntarthatÃƒÂ³sÃƒÂ¡g lokÃƒÂ¡lis programjakÃƒÂ©nt pedig elindÃƒÂ­tottÃƒÂ¡k az LA-21-et (Local Agenda 21). A tÃƒÂ©nyleges hazai helyzet, az EU tÃƒÂ¶rekvÃƒÂ©sek, a globalizÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³ esemÃƒÂ©nyei, vala-mint az eddigi kutatÃƒÂ¡sok alapjÃƒÂ¡n nyugodtan ÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ­thatÃƒÂ³, hogy az agrÃƒÂ¡r- ÃƒÂ©s vidÃƒÂ©kfejlesztÃƒÂ©s jÃƒÂ¶vÃ…Â‘jÃƒÂ©ben a fenntarthatÃƒÂ³sÃƒÂ¡g rendszerbe ÃƒÂ¶tvÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶tt ÃƒÂ©rvÃƒÂ©nyesÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©se a legfontosabb a szinergikus hatÃƒÂ¡s elÃƒÂ©rÃƒÂ©se ÃƒÂ©rdekÃƒÂ©ben minden szinten (lokÃƒÂ¡lis, regionÃƒÂ¡lis, globÃƒÂ¡lis); minden dimenziÃƒÂ³ban (termÃƒÂ©szeti kÃƒÂ¶rnyezet, tÃƒÂ¡rsadalom, gazdasÃƒÂ¡g); mind a termelÃƒÂ©si gyakorlatban, mind a fogyasztÃƒÂ¡sban (lakossÃƒÂ¡gi ÃƒÂ©s termelÃ…Â‘i fogyasztÃƒÂ¡s); minden szereplÃ…Â‘ vonatkozÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡ban (egyÃƒÂ©nek, vÃƒÂ¡llalkozÃƒÂ³k, kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶ssÃƒÂ©gi szervezetek, politikusok). Az agrÃƒÂ¡r- ÃƒÂ©s vidÃƒÂ©kfejlesztÃƒÂ©s fenntarthatÃƒÂ³ komplex ÃƒÂ©s dinamikus rendszere a fenntarthatÃƒÂ³ mezÃ…Â‘-erdÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi termelÃƒÂ©sbÃ…Â‘l, a fenntarthatÃƒÂ³ gazdÃƒÂ¡lkodÃƒÂ¡si rendszerekbÃ…Â‘l, a fenntarthatÃƒÂ³ vÃƒÂ¡llalkozÃƒÂ¡sokbÃƒÂ³l, a fenntarthatÃƒÂ³ vidÃƒÂ©kbÃ…Â‘l ÃƒÂ©s a fenntarthatÃƒÂ³ telepÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ©sekbÃ…Â‘l tevÃ…Â‘dik ÃƒÂ¶ssze. A vÃƒÂ¡zolt rendszer egy korszerÃ…Â± agrÃƒÂ¡r- ÃƒÂ©s vidÃƒÂ©kfejlesztÃƒÂ©si program gerincÃƒÂ©t alkothatnÃƒÂ¡, annÃƒÂ¡l is inkÃƒÂ¡bb, mert ez teljesen megfelel az EU-ban elÃ…Â‘irÃƒÂ¡nyzott 2007-2013 kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶tti szabÃƒÂ¡lyozÃƒÂ¡s cÃƒÂ©ljainak, mindenekelÃ…Â‘tt a konvergenciÃƒÂ¡nak. A fenntarthatÃƒÂ³ agrÃƒÂ¡r- ÃƒÂ©s a vidÃƒÂ©kfejlesztÃƒÂ©s egysÃƒÂ©ges rendszerben valÃƒÂ³ szemlÃƒÂ©lete ÃƒÂ©s programszerÃ…Â± megoldÃƒÂ¡sa MagyarorszÃƒÂ¡gon kÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¶nÃƒÂ¶sen fontos, mert a gazdÃƒÂ¡lkodÃƒÂ³k, a vidÃƒÂ©kiek ettÃ…Â‘l remÃƒÂ©lhetik ÃƒÂ©letnÃƒÂ­vÃƒÂ³juk tartÃƒÂ³s javulÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡t, a jelenlegi rÃƒÂ©szletekben gondolkodÃƒÂ³, az ÃƒÂ¶sszefÃƒÂ¼ggÃƒÂ©seket mellÃ…Â‘zÃ…Â‘, sÃ…Â‘t szembeÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ³ gyakorlat helyett. A fenntarthatÃƒÂ³ agrÃƒÂ¡r- ÃƒÂ©s vidÃƒÂ©kfejlesztÃƒÂ©ssel elÃƒÂ©rhetÃ…Â‘ tovÃƒÂ¡bbÃƒÂ¡ a mezÃ…Â‘-erdÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡gban hasznosulÃƒÂ³ termÃƒÂ©szeti erÃ…Â‘forrÃƒÂ¡sok ÃƒÂ©s a vidÃƒÂ©ki kÃƒÂ¶rnyezet minÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©nek hosszÃƒÂº tÃƒÂ¡vÃƒÂº megmaradÃƒÂ¡sa, a globÃƒÂ¡lis kihÃƒÂ­vÃƒÂ¡sokhoz valÃƒÂ³ alkalmazkodÃƒÂ¡s, a fokozÃƒÂ³dÃƒÂ³ minÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©gi igÃƒÂ©nyek kielÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©se, a versenykÃƒÂ©pessÃƒÂ©g javulÃƒÂ¡sa ÃƒÂ©s a gazdÃƒÂ¡l-kodÃƒÂ³k, vidÃƒÂ©kiek ÃƒÂ©letkÃƒÂ¶rÃƒÂ¼lmÃƒÂ©nyeinek javÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sa, ami egyÃƒÂºttal hozzÃƒÂ¡jÃƒÂ¡rulÃƒÂ¡s az egÃƒÂ©sz tÃƒÂ¡rsadalom felemelkedÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©hez is.</abstract>
  <keywords>EU regulations expected between 2007 and 2013, LEADER programs, long term prevention of environment - vÃƒÂ¡rhatÃƒÂ³ EU szabÃƒÂ¡lyozÃƒÂ³k (2007-2013), LEADER programok, kÃƒÂ¶rnyezet hosszÃƒÂº tÃƒÂ¡vÃƒÂº megÃ…Â‘rzÃƒÂ©se, Agricultural and Food Policy, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Environmental Economics and Policy,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>12</issue>
   <issuedate>2005</issuedate>
   <volume>49</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/54340</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Csete, Laszlo</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:48093</identifier><datestamp>2010-01-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:48093">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>Tourism locating procedures through the examples of JÃƒÂ¡sz-Nagykun-Szolnok county subregions</title>
  <abstract>The secondary research on rural sub-regional tourism is investigating the determining factors and the relationships between them. The analysis concentrates on the tourism potential of rural sub-regions and the performance of tourism. We used the method of discriminant analysis for classifying observations into two or more groups based on the specified predictors. Output includes the classification matrix, the squared distance between group centers, the linear discriminant function, means standard deviations, covariance matrices, and a summary of how each observation was classified. After that, we have classified rural sub-regions according to their strategies of tourism development. The strategy of development for sub-regions belonging to the same group should be the same. This classification can be a useful basis for the conceptions of rural development and development of tourism.</abstract>
  <keywords>tourism, rural development, locating procedure, development position, Agricultural and Food Policy,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>22</issue>
   <issuedate>2008</issuedate>
   <volume>52</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/48093</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Dudas, Peter</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Korodi, Marta</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Laszlo, Eva</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:54332</identifier><datestamp>2010-01-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:54332">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>MUNKANÃƒÂ‰LKÃƒÂœLISÃƒÂ‰G GYÃƒÂ–NGYÃƒÂ–SÃƒÂ–N ÃƒÂ‰S A KISTÃƒÂ‰RSÃƒÂ‰GBEN</title>
  <abstract>A vizsgÃƒÂ¡latokbÃƒÂ³l megÃƒÂ¡llapÃƒÂ­thatÃƒÂ³, hogy a GyÃƒÂ¶ngyÃƒÂ¶si KistÃƒÂ©rsÃƒÂ©gben a legtÃƒÂ¶bb munkanÃƒÂ©lkÃƒÂ¼li a 20-29 ÃƒÂ©v kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶tti korosztÃƒÂ¡lybÃƒÂ³l, illetve az ÃƒÂ¡ltalÃƒÂ¡nos iskolai, vagy szakmunkÃƒÂ¡s bizonyÃƒÂ­tvÃƒÂ¡nnyal rendelkezÃ…Â‘k kÃƒÂ¶rÃƒÂ©bÃ…Â‘l kerÃƒÂ¼l ki. A nyilvÃƒÂ¡ntartott munkanÃƒÂ©lkÃƒÂ¼liek kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶tt a fizikai munkÃƒÂ¡soknÃƒÂ¡l a fÃƒÂ©rfiak, a szellemi foglalkozÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂº-aknÃƒÂ¡l pedig a nÃ…Â‘k tÃƒÂºlsÃƒÂºlya ÃƒÂ¡llapÃƒÂ­thatÃƒÂ³ meg. A legtÃƒÂ¶bb munkanÃƒÂ©lkÃƒÂ¼li a feldolgo-zÃƒÂ³iparbÃƒÂ³l kerÃƒÂ¼l ki, de az idÃ…Â‘szakos igÃƒÂ©ny is itt jelentkezik. A munkanÃƒÂ©lkÃƒÂ¼lisÃƒÂ©gi rÃƒÂ¡ta emelkedÃ…Â‘ jellegÃ…Â± ÃƒÂ©s az orszÃƒÂ¡gost meghaladÃƒÂ³ 2002-2004 kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶tt. EzÃƒÂ©rt kÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¶nÃƒÂ¶-sen fontos a kÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¶nfÃƒÂ©le kÃƒÂ©pzÃƒÂ©si formÃƒÂ¡k ÃƒÂ©s az ÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ¡skeresÃƒÂ©s tÃƒÂ¡mogatÃƒÂ¡sa, valamint az agrÃƒÂ¡r terÃƒÂ¼leten a rÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ³ta halogatott szaktanÃƒÂ¡csadÃƒÂ¡s bevezetÃƒÂ©se. A megoldÃƒÂ¡sban az eLearning, a HumÃƒÂ¡nerÃ…Â‘forrÃƒÂ¡s-fejlesztÃƒÂ©si OperatÃƒÂ­v Program, valamint a LEADER+ jÃƒÂ¡tszik fontos szerepet. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Investigations have shown that most unemployed people in the GyÃƒÂ¶ngyÃƒÂ¶s subregion are 20-29 years old persons possessing elementary school or skilled workmanÃ¢Â€Â™s certificates. Of the registered unemployed persons bluecolour workers among males and whitecolour workers among females are in the majority. Most unemployed people come from processing industries, but periodic demand is noticeable also in this area. The unemployment rate is increasing and exceeds the national average between 2000-2004. Therefore various types of retraining is particularly import in this subregion and so is the support of job finding and the introduction of long delayed counselling services in agricultural areas. The eLearning, the Human resources Development Program and the LEADER+ programmes may play important roles in resolving these problems.</abstract>
  <keywords>munkanÃƒÂ©lkÃƒÂ¼lisÃƒÂ©g, foglalkoztatÃƒÂ¡s, munkahelyteremtÃƒÂ©s, szaktanÃƒÂ¡csadÃƒÂ¡s - unemployment, employment, creation of employment, counselling, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Labor and Human Capital,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>5</issue>
   <issuedate>2005</issuedate>
   <volume>49</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/54332</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Wolcz, Andrea</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:48089</identifier><datestamp>2010-01-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:48089">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>Multi-variable analyses of marketing by wine producers</title>
  <keywords>wine distribution, sales problems, cluster analysis, plant size, Agribusiness, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Research Methods/ Statistical Methods,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>22</issue>
   <issuedate>2008</issuedate>
   <volume>52</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/48089</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Doman, Szilvia</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:48097</identifier><datestamp>2010-01-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:48097">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>Economic possibilities in the integrated wheat production through the agri-environment measures in a Hungarian agricultural enterprise</title>
  <abstract>The payment amount of the entry level scheme significantly exceeds the additional costs which arise from abiding by the regulations and with this the financial situation and competitiveness of the viable agricultural enterprises may improve. Based on the pre-calculation in relation to the fortuituos entry into the integrated target scheme it can be concluded that the additional cost determined by the target scheme would only use up just about half of the surplus payment allotted through the integrated target scheme. It is well-worth to make use of the opportunities given by these schemes, because through them the enterprise can obtain a regular, secure and significant income.</abstract>
  <keywords>agri-environment measures, integrated target scheme, cost, earning capacity, Agribusiness, Crop Production/Industries, Farm Management,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>22</issue>
   <issuedate>2008</issuedate>
   <volume>52</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/48097</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Nemeth, Barbara</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Fodor, Attila</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:48092</identifier><datestamp>2010-01-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:48092">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>Environmentalism in tourism: the connection of lifestyle, tourism and sustainable development</title>
  <abstract>In AdlerÃ¢Â€Â™s theory the Ã¢Â€Âœstyle of lifeÃ¢Â€Â refers to how we live, sort out difficulties, and manage our own personal relationships. He strongly believed that each one of us is a distinctive, unique individual with our own characteristic way of life. Since the term was coined in the early 20th century it is no wonder that the meaning of Ã¢Â€ÂœlifestyleÃ¢Â€Â has gone through enormous changes. These days it is more often used to express Ã¢Â€Âœa way of life or style of living that reflects the attitudes and values of a person or groupÃ¢Â€Â. Since globalisation is increasingly turning the world into a Ã¢Â€Âœglobal villageÃ¢Â€Â no wonder that lifestyle is changing faster than ever before. As a result Ã¢Â€Âœfor tourism, this influences the touristÃ¢Â€Â™s perception of his/her personal needs and behaviour Ã¢Â€Â1. In this short essay attention will be focussed on the mutual effects of lifestyle and tourism. After taking a brief look at the different life-stages, which, according to Knowles (2001), have a fundamental influence on holiday choice, we will examine other factors that determine touristsÃ¢Â€Â™ decisions. The most important of these factors (perhaps not surprisingly) are time and money. It will be interesting to see that for many in western societies the greatest hindrance is not the financial burdens of a holiday but rather the lack of time to spare. This, inevitably, leads to demands that have not been trends in the tourism industry in past decades. Shorter, multiple holidays in exotic places are more sought after than they have ever been and due to changes in society somewhat shocking niche markets are also emerging. It is obvious that travelling overseas is less of a luxury these days than it used to be. As a consequence, more and more people will be able to make their choice to be on the move, be it on business or holiday, thus contributing to one of the hottest issues currently. Climate change, which has already made its influence felt, will no doubt have significant influence on all of us. What can travellers do to leave less of an environmental footprint and meet not only the needs of the present but also of the indefinite future? The objective of this work is to make the reader think about the effects of current and future trends in tourism on the natural environment.</abstract>
  <keywords>environmentalism, tourism, lifestyle, sustainable development, Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>22</issue>
   <issuedate>2008</issuedate>
   <volume>52</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/48092</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>David, Lorant</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Szucs, Csaba</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:54344</identifier><datestamp>2010-01-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:54344">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>OVERVIEW OF THE HUNGARIAN AGRICULTURAL SUPPORT SYSTEM IN OPERATION</title>
  <abstract>During the past decade before the EU accession the necessary harmonisation processes have been carried out to facilitate HungaryÃ¢Â€Â™s EU membership. Probably the most important adaptation was necessary by the agriculture, and agricultural support system. Agricultural producers in the EU member states have several possibilities to apply for financial support besides direct payments, in order to increase effectiveness of production. Hungarian farmers and agricultural entrepreneurs faced a new support system in the frame of Preaccession Funds; they experienced the support system of Structural Funds and the Cohesion Fund. This paper should give an overview and summary of the ruling support system, with special aspects of the Single Payment Scheme. An accurate and suitable registration system is required from the farmers both in case of direct payments and in case of project applications from the Structural Funds. To be able to sustain a long timeviable farm it is very important for the farmers and also for the country to take advantage of chances of the Common Agricultural Policy. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX MagyarorszÃƒÂ¡gnak az EurÃƒÂ³pai UniÃƒÂ³hoz csatlakozÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡t megelÃ…Â‘zÃ…Â‘ kÃƒÂ¶zel egy ÃƒÂ©vti-zedben megtÃƒÂ¶rtÃƒÂ©ntek azok a harmonizÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ¡si folyamatok, amelyek feltÃƒÂ©telei voltak hazÃƒÂ¡nk uniÃƒÂ³s taggÃƒÂ¡ vÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡nak. JelentÃ…Â‘s adaptÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³ra fÃ…Â‘leg a mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡g terÃƒÂ©n volt szÃƒÂ¼ksÃƒÂ©g, ezen belÃƒÂ¼l is a legjelentÃ…Â‘sebb vÃƒÂ¡ltozÃƒÂ¡s a tÃƒÂ¡mogatÃƒÂ¡si rendszerben kÃƒÂ¶-vetkezett be. A tagorszÃƒÂ¡gok mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi termelÃ…Â‘i szÃƒÂ¡mÃƒÂ¡ra szÃƒÂ¡mos lehetÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©g adÃƒÂ³dik a kÃƒÂ¶zvetlen kifizetÃƒÂ©sek mellett, amely a termelÃƒÂ©s hatÃƒÂ©konysÃƒÂ¡gÃƒÂ¡t hivatott nÃƒÂ¶velni. HazÃƒÂ¡nk gazdÃƒÂ¡lkodÃƒÂ³i egy, az eddigi szokÃƒÂ¡soktÃƒÂ³l eltÃƒÂ©rÃ…Â‘ tÃƒÂ¡mogatÃƒÂ¡si rend-szerrel ismerkedhettek meg az ElÃ…Â‘csatlakozÃƒÂ¡si Alapok forrÃƒÂ¡saira tÃƒÂ¶rtÃƒÂ©nÃ…Â‘ pÃƒÂ¡lyÃƒÂ¡-zatok sorÃƒÂ¡n, mely rendszer a StrukturÃƒÂ¡lis AlapokbÃƒÂ³l ÃƒÂ©s a KohÃƒÂ©ziÃƒÂ³s Alap forrÃƒÂ¡sa-ibÃƒÂ³l igÃƒÂ©nyelhetÃ…Â‘ tÃƒÂ¡mogatÃƒÂ¡sokra is vonatkozik. Jelen tanulmÃƒÂ¡ny e tÃƒÂ¡mogatÃƒÂ¡si rendszert kÃƒÂ­vÃƒÂ¡nja ÃƒÂ¡ttekinteni, ÃƒÂ¶sszefoglalni. Mind a kÃƒÂ¶zvetlen tÃƒÂ¡mogatÃƒÂ¡sok, mind pedig a pÃƒÂ¡lyÃƒÂ¡zati ÃƒÂºton elnyerhetÃ…Â‘ tÃƒÂ¡mogatÃƒÂ¡sok esetÃƒÂ©n fontos kÃƒÂ¶vetelmÃƒÂ©ny, hogy az igÃƒÂ©nylÃ…Â‘k megfelelÃ…Â‘, pontos nyilvÃƒÂ¡ntartÃƒÂ¡ssal rendelkezzenek. Ahhoz, hogy a termelÃ…Â‘k tÃƒÂ¶bb ÃƒÂ©ven keresztÃƒÂ¼l ÃƒÂ©letkÃƒÂ©pes gazdasÃƒÂ¡got tudjanak fenntartani fontos, hogy kihasznÃƒÂ¡ljÃƒÂ¡k a KÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶s AgrÃƒÂ¡rpolitika nyÃƒÂºjtotta lehetÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©geket. Legfontosabb feladat a tÃƒÂ¡mogatÃƒÂ¡sok lehetÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©nek minÃƒÂ©l szÃƒÂ©lesebb kÃƒÂ¶rÃ…Â± kihasznÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ¡sa, amely elÃ…Â‘segÃƒÂ­theti a magyar mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡g stabil helyzetÃƒÂ©nek ÃƒÂ©s a mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡gbÃƒÂ³l ÃƒÂ©lÃ…Â‘ lakossÃƒÂ¡g megfelelÃ…Â‘ ÃƒÂ©letkÃƒÂ¶rÃƒÂ¼lmÃƒÂ©nyeinek megteremtÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©t.</abstract>
  <keywords>harmonisation processes, requirements of new support system, adaptability - harmonizÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³s folyamat, ÃƒÂºj tÃƒÂ¡mogatÃƒÂ¡si rendszer kÃƒÂ¶vetelmÃƒÂ©nyei, alkalmazkodÃƒÂ¡s, Agricultural and Food Policy,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>12</issue>
   <issuedate>2005</issuedate>
   <volume>49</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/54344</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Pusztai-Kaldi, Judit</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Nemeth, Anett</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:48086</identifier><datestamp>2010-01-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:48086">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>Major changes in Hungarian agricultural economy as a result of EU-membership</title>
  <abstract>The Common Agricultural Policy of the EU has been a dominant factor in the development of the Hungarian agricultural economy for several years; and it will continue to be in the years to come. CAP is in a state of continuous change; it is constantly being reformed and developed. In relation to this, the common budget of the enlarged European Union should cover the finances of the existing Community policies, and meet the criteria of enhancing competitiveness. To arrive at this balance is a great challenge for the EU. At the same time, maintaining a common financing policy in the long term is of special interest to Hungary. To maintain a suitable level of Community preference (import protection) is also important for us, because European requirements on food quality, environment and animal health are stricter than those prescribed by international partners. Our market must be defended from products appearing on the globalized market that are of uncertain origin, of poor quality and do not meet all food safety rules. When working on the further development of CAP or on the shaping of Hungarian agricultural policy, we have to reach a certain harmony, to realise the synergy of economic, environmental, social and rural development functions of agriculture.</abstract>
  <keywords>agricultural economy, rural development, foreign trade in agricultural products, competitiveness, subsidies, Agricultural and Food Policy, Agricultural Finance,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>22</issue>
   <issuedate>2008</issuedate>
   <volume>52</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/48086</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Vajda, Laszlo</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Baksa, Adrienn</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:54331</identifier><datestamp>2010-01-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:54331">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>A KÃƒÂœLFÃƒÂ–LDI TÃ…ÂKE SZEREPE ÃƒÂ‰S A GAZDÃƒÂLKODÃƒÂS EREDMÃƒÂ‰NYESSÃƒÂ‰-GÃƒÂ‰RE GYAKOROLT HATÃƒÂSA AZ ÃƒÂ‰LELMISZERIPARBAN</title>
  <abstract>A kilencvenes ÃƒÂ©vtized elsÃ…Â‘ ÃƒÂ©veiben a kÃƒÂ¼lfÃƒÂ¶ldi tÃ…Â‘kebefektetÃƒÂ©s egyik kiemelt cÃƒÂ©l-pontja az ÃƒÂ©lelmiszeripar volt. A rendkÃƒÂ­vÃƒÂ¼l gyors vÃƒÂ¡llalat-felvÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡rlÃƒÂ¡s ÃƒÂ©s a megva-lÃƒÂ³sÃƒÂ­tott tÃ…Â‘keemelÃƒÂ©s hatÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡ra 1993-ban a (vizsgÃƒÂ¡lt) ÃƒÂ©lelmiszeripar ÃƒÂ¶sszes jegyzett tÃ…Â‘kÃƒÂ©jÃƒÂ©nek mÃƒÂ¡r 43 szÃƒÂ¡zalÃƒÂ©ka volt kÃƒÂ¼lfÃƒÂ¶ldi tulajdonban. Ez a rÃƒÂ©szesedÃƒÂ©s 2000-re meghaladta a 60 szÃƒÂ¡zalÃƒÂ©kot. A dinamikusan nÃƒÂ¶vekvÃ…Â‘ tÃ…Â‘kebefektetÃƒÂ©si tendencia 2000 utÃƒÂ¡n megtÃƒÂ¶rt, s azÃƒÂ³ta minden ÃƒÂ©vben, kisebb-nagyobb mÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kben mind a jegyzett tÃ…Â‘ke, mind pedig a kÃƒÂ¼lfÃƒÂ¶ldi tÃ…Â‘ke csÃƒÂ¶kken az ÃƒÂ©lelmiszeriparban. A 2000. ÃƒÂ©vet megelÃ…Â‘zÃ…Â‘ idÃ…Â‘szakban az ÃƒÂ©lelmiszeriparban jelentkezÃ…Â‘ tÃƒÂ¶bbletki-bocsÃƒÂ¡tÃƒÂ¡s teljes egÃƒÂ©szÃƒÂ©ben a kÃƒÂ¼lfÃƒÂ¶ldi tÃ…Â‘kÃƒÂ©t is mÃ…Â±kÃƒÂ¶dtetÃ…Â‘ vÃƒÂ¡llalkozÃƒÂ¡sokhoz kapcso-lÃƒÂ³dott. A 2000. ÃƒÂ©vben, illetve utÃƒÂ¡na alapvetÃ…Â‘ vÃƒÂ¡ltozÃƒÂ¡s kÃƒÂ¶vetkezett be: a kÃƒÂ¼lfÃƒÂ¶ldi tÃ…Â‘kÃƒÂ©vel mÃ…Â±kÃƒÂ¶dÃ…Â‘ vÃƒÂ¡llalkozÃƒÂ¡sok termÃƒÂ©kkibocsÃƒÂ¡tÃƒÂ¡sa mÃƒÂ©rsÃƒÂ©klÃ…Â‘dÃƒÂ¶tt, a csak hazai tÃ…Â‘-kÃƒÂ©vel mÃ…Â±kÃƒÂ¶dÃ…Â‘kÃƒÂ© pedig bÃ…Â‘vÃƒÂ¼lni kezdett. A 2000. ÃƒÂ©vet kÃƒÂ¶vetÃ…Â‘en bÃ…Â‘vÃƒÂ¼lÃ…Â‘ ÃƒÂ©lelmiszer-ipari termÃƒÂ©kkibocsÃƒÂ¡tÃƒÂ¡s teljes egÃƒÂ©szÃƒÂ©ben a csak belfÃƒÂ¶ldi tÃ…Â‘kÃƒÂ©vel mÃ…Â±kÃƒÂ¶dÃ…Â‘ vÃƒÂ¡llalko-zÃƒÂ¡sokhoz kapcsolhatÃƒÂ³. Amennyiben a vizsgÃƒÂ¡lt idÃ…Â‘szakban a kÃƒÂ¼lfÃƒÂ¶ldi tÃ…Â‘kÃƒÂ©t mÃ…Â±-kÃƒÂ¶dtetÃ…Â‘ vÃƒÂ¡llalkozÃƒÂ¡sok kibocsÃƒÂ¡tÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡t a csak belfÃƒÂ¶ldi tÃ…Â‘kÃƒÂ©t mÃ…Â±kÃƒÂ¶dtetÃ…Â‘k nÃƒÂ¶vekedÃƒÂ©si ÃƒÂ¼temÃƒÂ©vel vesszÃƒÂ¼k figyelembe, az ÃƒÂ¡gazat tizenegy ÃƒÂ©v alatt megtermelt ÃƒÂ¶sszes kibo-csÃƒÂ¡tÃƒÂ¡sa kÃƒÂ¶zel 30 szÃƒÂ¡zalÃƒÂ©kkal, 4830 milliÃƒÂ¡rd forinttal lenne kevesebb. Az ÃƒÂ©lelmiszeripar gyors ÃƒÂ¼temÃ…Â± exportbÃ…Â‘vÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ©se is jobbÃƒÂ¡ra a kÃƒÂ¼lfÃƒÂ¶ldi tÃ…Â‘kÃƒÂ©vel mÃ…Â±kÃƒÂ¶dÃ…Â‘ vÃƒÂ¡llalkozÃƒÂ¡sokhoz tapad. 2002-ben az ÃƒÂ¶sszes ÃƒÂ©lelmiszeripari vÃƒÂ¡llalkozÃƒÂ¡s alig tÃƒÂ¶bb mint 12 szÃƒÂ¡zalÃƒÂ©kÃƒÂ¡t kÃƒÂ©pviselÃ…Â‘ kÃƒÂ¼lfÃƒÂ¶ldi tÃ…Â‘kÃƒÂ©vel mÃ…Â±kÃƒÂ¶dÃ…Â‘ vÃƒÂ¡llalkozÃƒÂ¡si cso-port az ÃƒÂ¡gazat ÃƒÂ¶sszes exportjÃƒÂ¡nak 63 szÃƒÂ¡zalÃƒÂ©kÃƒÂ¡t produkÃƒÂ¡lta. Az ÃƒÂ©lelmiszeripar egÃƒÂ©szÃƒÂ©ben 1993 ÃƒÂ©s 2003 kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶tt tÃƒÂ¶bb mint 20 szÃƒÂ¡zalÃƒÂ©kkal csÃƒÂ¶kkent az ÃƒÂ¡tlagos ÃƒÂ¡llomÃƒÂ¡nyi lÃƒÂ©tszÃƒÂ¡m, mikÃƒÂ¶zben a vÃƒÂ¡ltozatlan ÃƒÂ¡ron szÃƒÂ¡mÃƒÂ­tott termelÃƒÂ©s 13 szÃƒÂ¡zalÃƒÂ©kot meghaladÃƒÂ³ mÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kben nÃ…Â‘tt. E kÃƒÂ©t tÃƒÂ©nyezÃ…Â‘ hatÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡ra az ÃƒÂ©lÃ…Â‘munka termelÃƒÂ©kenysÃƒÂ©ge kÃƒÂ¶zel 40 szÃƒÂ¡zalÃƒÂ©kkal javult. A csak belfÃƒÂ¶ldi tÃ…Â‘kÃƒÂ©t mÃ…Â±kÃƒÂ¶dtetÃ…Â‘ vÃƒÂ¡llalkozÃƒÂ¡soknÃƒÂ¡l az ÃƒÂ©lÃ…Â‘munka termelÃƒÂ©kenysÃƒÂ©ge szÃƒÂ¡mottevÃ…Â‘en alacso-nyabb, mint a kÃƒÂ¼lfÃƒÂ¶ldi tÃ…Â‘kÃƒÂ©t mÃ…Â±kÃƒÂ¶dtetÃ…Â‘ vÃƒÂ¡llalkozÃƒÂ¡soknÃƒÂ¡l. Tizenegy ÃƒÂ©v alatt az ÃƒÂ¡gazat nyeresÃƒÂ©gtermelÃ…Â‘-kÃƒÂ©pessÃƒÂ©ge jelentÃ…Â‘sen vÃƒÂ¡ltozott. Az ÃƒÂ¼zemi tevÃƒÂ©kenysÃƒÂ©g eredmÃƒÂ©nye, amely 1993. ÃƒÂ©vben alig volt tÃƒÂ¶bb mint 21 mil-liÃƒÂ¡rd forint, 2002. ÃƒÂ©v vÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©n mÃƒÂ¡r meghaladta a 120 milliÃƒÂ¡rd forintot, s ez kÃƒÂ¶zel hatszorosa volt az 1993. ÃƒÂ©vinek. A kÃƒÂ©t ÃƒÂ¶sszehasonlÃƒÂ­tott vÃƒÂ¡llalkozÃƒÂ¡si csoport ÃƒÂ¼zemi tevÃƒÂ©kenysÃƒÂ©ge eredmÃƒÂ©nyÃƒÂ©nek ÃƒÂ¡rbevÃƒÂ©telre ÃƒÂ©s sajÃƒÂ¡t tÃ…Â‘kÃƒÂ©re vetÃƒÂ­tett mutatÃƒÂ³i a ki-egyenlÃƒÂ­tÃ…Â‘dÃƒÂ©s irÃƒÂ¡nyÃƒÂ¡ba mozdultak el. Ezzel szemben az adÃƒÂ³zÃƒÂ¡s elÃ…Â‘tti eredmÃƒÂ©ny ugyancsak ÃƒÂ¡rbevÃƒÂ©telre ÃƒÂ©s sajÃƒÂ¡t tÃ…Â‘kÃƒÂ©re vetÃƒÂ­tett ÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kei nemhogy kÃƒÂ¶zelÃƒÂ­tenÃƒÂ©nek, hanem mÃƒÂ©g erÃ…Â‘teljesebb kÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¶nbsÃƒÂ©gek alakulnak ki. A kÃƒÂ¼lfÃƒÂ¶ldi tÃ…Â‘kÃƒÂ©vel mÃ…Â±kÃƒÂ¶dÃ…Â‘ vÃƒÂ¡llalkozÃƒÂ¡sok kÃƒÂ¶zel nÃƒÂ©gyszer nagyobb adÃƒÂ³zÃƒÂ¡s elÃ…Â‘tti eredmÃƒÂ©nyÃƒÂ©hez azonban nem tartozott tÃƒÂ¶bbszÃƒÂ¶rÃƒÂ¶s adÃƒÂ³fizetÃƒÂ©s. A kÃƒÂ¼lfÃƒÂ¶ldi tÃ…Â‘kÃƒÂ©t mÃ…Â±kÃƒÂ¶dtetÃ…Â‘ vÃƒÂ¡llalkozÃƒÂ¡si csoportban a tizenegy ÃƒÂ©v alatt kifize-tett osztalÃƒÂ©k meghaladja a mindenkori kÃƒÂ¼lfÃƒÂ¶ldi tÃ…Â‘ke legmagasabb ÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kÃƒÂ©t. MÃƒÂ¡s-kÃƒÂ©ppen kifejezve ez azt jelenti, hogy a magyarorszÃƒÂ¡gi ÃƒÂ©lelmiszeriparba befekte-tett kÃƒÂ¼lfÃƒÂ¶ldi tÃ…Â‘ke a befektetÃ…Â‘knek mÃƒÂ¡r teljes egÃƒÂ©szÃƒÂ©ben megtÃƒÂ©rÃƒÂ¼lt, a befektetett legmagasabb ÃƒÂ¶sszegnÃƒÂ©l is tÃƒÂ¶bb mint 30 szÃƒÂ¡zalÃƒÂ©kkal magasabb ÃƒÂ¶sszeget vontak ki. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX In the early years of the 90Ã¢Â€Â™s the food industry was a main target area of foreign investment. By 1993 foreigners owned 43% of the Hungarian food industry due to an extraordinarily rapid buy up of state enterprises and accomplished increases in shares of capital investment. By 2000 this figure has exceeded 60%. Since then the tendency of dynamic increase in capital investments into the Hungarian food industry has halted and every year the share of both registered and foreign capital has declined somewhat. In the period before 2000 any increases in output registered in the food industry has been wholly associated with enterprises operated at least partly by foreign capital. In the year 2000 and after a fundamental change has occurred: the output of enterprises operated by foreign capital has moderated whereas that of enterprises run by home capital has begun to increase. Following 2000 increases in the output of food industry has been associated entirely with enterprises operated by home capital. If during the studied period we contrast the output of enterprises operated by foreign capital with the growth rate of enterprises run by home capital alone, the total output of the sector in 11 years would 30% less, valuing 4830 billion HUF. The rapid increase in exports is also mainly associated with enterprises operated by foreign capital. In 2002 foreign enterprises representing a mere 12% of all enterprises in the food industry produced 63% of the entire agricultural export. Between 1993 and 2003 the number of people employed in the entire food industry decreased by 20%, while in the same period output calculated at un-changed prices increased by more than 13%. Due to these two factors the productivity of live workforce improved by more than 40%. The productivity of live workforce in enterprises run by home capital alone is considerably lower than in those operating foreign capital. In eleven years the profitability of the sector has changed significantly. Industrial activities, which were less than 21 billion HUF worth in 1993 have increased to more than 120 billion by the end of 2002, which is nearly six times the 1993 value. The indices reflecting income from industrial activity of the two groups of enterprises compared and the capital involved moved in the direction of convergence. In contrast values before tax reflecting also income and own capital did not converge, on the contrary strongly diverged. The four time bigger profits of foreigners operated enterprises were not associated with proportionally larger taxation. Dividends paid in eleven years by foreign operated enterprises have exceeded the highest values for any foreign capital. In other words the capital invested into the Hungarian food industry has already returned its full value to the investors who already withdraw 30% more than the amount invested.</abstract>
  <keywords>kÃƒÂ¼lfÃƒÂ¶ldi tÃ…Â‘ke, ÃƒÂ©lelmiszeripar, nyeresÃƒÂ©gÃ‚Â¬termelÃ…Â‘-kÃƒÂ©pessÃƒÂ©g, foglalkoztatÃƒÂ¡s, termelÃƒÂ©kenysÃƒÂ©g - foreign capital, food industry, profitability, employment, productivity, Agribusiness, Agricultural Finance, Industrial Organization,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>5</issue>
   <issuedate>2005</issuedate>
   <volume>49</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/54331</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Hodina, Peter</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Lamfalusi, Ibolya</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:48091</identifier><datestamp>2010-01-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:48091">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>Small businesses are the break-out possibility are the break-out possibility of the North-Hungarian regions</title>
  <abstract>The area of the North-Hungarian Region is 13,429 km2, which is 14.4% of the countryÃ¢Â€Â™s territory. In terms of area and population the region lies in fourth place in Hungary. The region is remarkable for the beauty of its landscapes, which are rich in untouched natural values with its significant ecological potential. Among its natural treasures we can find medicinal, thermal and mineral water springs. The wine producing regions of Eger and GyÃƒÂ¶ngyÃƒÂ¶s are well known in Europe, while Tokaj is world famous. Significant problems in the North-Hungarian Region are unemployment exceeding the national average, caused by adaptation and modernisation crises, low-level employment, and the concentrated appearance of underdeveloped settlements and population groups. As small businesses represent an outstanding employment ratio in the region - about 70% - socio-economic development is not possible without increasing the number and competitiveness of small businesses. In our research we looked for an answer to what the necessary conditions are for this. Recommendations for increasing the competitiveness of small businesses in the North-Hungarian Region: Ã¢Â€Â¢ Small businesses need to improve in the area of supplier activity, quality, information and confidence. Ã¢Â€Â¢ Small businesses must improve precision, supplier discipline and quality. Ã¢Â€Â¢ When establishing co-operation and partnership relations the greatest preventative factor is lack of confidence. Most of the businesses are afraid of transferring their own knowledge and information; they are ready to accept every benefit of co-operation but without its risks. Ã¢Â€Â¢ Higher-level co-operation will be necessary among small businesses, supporting organisations, chambers and municipalities. Ã¢Â€Â¢ Efficient support must be given to the participation of small businesses in the network economy and to the establishment of small businessesÃ¢Â€Â™ common efforts. Ã¢Â€Â¢ Common large-scale purchasing and selling by small businesses must be efficiently supported. Ã¢Â€Â¢ The changing of small business/managerial mentality needs to be supported in the following areas: - problem solving ability - business sense - high-level professional knowledge - organising ability - practise-focusing - high-level communications kills- managerial knowledge - co-operation ability - risk taking ability - analysing ability - idea representing ability - computer skills Ã¢Â€Â¢ Efficient, target-oriented training and extension training, needs to be organised for managers and employees of small businesses. Ã¢Â€Â¢ Transparent, clear legal frameworks must be established. Ã¢Â€Â¢ Tax burdens should be reduced, especially those exerted on labour. Ã¢Â€Â¢ Efficient capital search and credit programmes are needed for small businesses. Ã¢Â€Â¢ An efficient small business relations system needs to be created with research sites and higher-education institutes using the latest R&amp;D results. Ã¢Â€Â¢ Efficient support must be given to small businesses to access new markets. Ã¢Â€Â¢ The establishment and efficient operation of the Regional Small Businesses Support System (REKTÃƒÂR), planned and worked out by ourselves, would basically help with small business competitiveness. REKTÃƒÂR, overseen by small businesses, would provide help at each stage of small business activity in the field of business establishment, strategy development, business development, solving technical tasks, training and extension training, crisis management and winding up.</abstract>
  <keywords>small businesses, competitiveness, cluster, network economy, Agribusiness, Agricultural and Food Policy,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>22</issue>
   <issuedate>2008</issuedate>
   <volume>52</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/48091</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Gergely, Sandor</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:54338</identifier><datestamp>2010-01-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:54338">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>ÃƒÂRVÃƒÂZVÃƒÂ‰DELMI TÃƒÂ–LTÃƒÂ‰SEK GYEPTAKARÃƒÂ“INAK HASZNA</title>
  <abstract>Az ÃƒÂ¡rvÃƒÂ­zvÃƒÂ©delmi tÃƒÂ¶ltÃƒÂ©sek vÃƒÂ©delmÃƒÂ©ben, az ÃƒÂ¡rvizek levonulÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡ban, ezÃƒÂ¡ltal ma-gÃƒÂ¡ban az ÃƒÂ¡rvÃƒÂ­zvÃƒÂ©delemben a gyepesÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©snek jelentÃ…Â‘s szerepe van. GazdasÃƒÂ¡gossÃƒÂ¡-gÃƒÂ¡t nem lehet egzakt mÃƒÂ³don bizonyÃƒÂ­tani, hiszen mÃƒÂ­g a lÃƒÂ©tesÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©si ÃƒÂ©s fenntartÃƒÂ¡si kÃƒÂ¶ltsÃƒÂ©geket egyÃƒÂ©rtelmÃ…Â±en meghatÃƒÂ¡rozhatjuk, a bevÃƒÂ©teli oldal ÃƒÂ¶sszetett ÃƒÂ©s nehezen szÃƒÂ¡mszerÃ…Â±sÃƒÂ­thetÃ…Â‘. Az ÃƒÂ¡rvÃƒÂ­zvÃƒÂ©delmi fÃƒÂ¶ldgÃƒÂ¡tak gyepesÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©nek tÃƒÂ¡rsadalmi hasznossÃƒÂ¡ga ÃƒÂ©s gazda-sÃƒÂ¡gi elÃ…Â‘nye mÃƒÂ©gis vitathatatlan: - kÃƒÂ¶zvetlen gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi haszon: pl. fÃ…Â±termÃƒÂ©s ÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kesÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©bÃ…Â‘l szÃƒÂ¡rmazÃƒÂ³ bevÃƒÂ©tel; - kÃƒÂ¶zvetett gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi haszon: a kockÃƒÂ¡ztatott vagyonÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©k sikeres vÃƒÂ©delme, emberÃƒÂ©let vÃƒÂ©delme (nehezen szÃƒÂ¡mszerÃ…Â±sÃƒÂ­thetÃ…Â‘, mÃƒÂ©rÃƒÂ©se a mikrorizikÃƒÂ³ fogal-mÃƒÂ¡nak bevezetÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©vel vÃƒÂ¡lt kivitelezhetÃ…Â‘vÃƒÂ©); - a tÃƒÂ¡rsadalom szÃƒÂ¡mÃƒÂ¡ra is tÃƒÂ¶bb szempontbÃƒÂ³l kedvezÃ…Â‘ hatÃƒÂ¡ssal van: - rekreÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³s lehetÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©get nyÃƒÂºjt a termÃƒÂ©szetbe kirÃƒÂ¡ndulÃƒÂ³knak; - megfelelÃ…Â‘ fenntartÃƒÂ¡s esetÃƒÂ©n a gyomosodÃƒÂ¡s visszaszorÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡val egÃƒÂ©szsÃƒÂ©g-ÃƒÂ¼gyi jelentÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©ge is vitathatatlan; - a kÃƒÂ¶rnyezetvÃƒÂ©delmi szerepe sem elhanyagolhatÃƒÂ³. ProblÃƒÂ©mÃƒÂ¡t jelent egyelÃ…Â‘re, hogy a gÃƒÂ¡tak ÃƒÂ©s a hozzÃƒÂ¡juk tartozÃƒÂ³ gyeptakarÃƒÂ³ fenn-tartÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡val foglalkozÃƒÂ³ ÃƒÂ¡llami szerveknek nem ÃƒÂ¡ll rendelkezÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ¼kre elÃƒÂ©g forrÃƒÂ¡s, hogy tÃƒÂ¶kÃƒÂ©letesen vÃƒÂ©gezhessÃƒÂ©k munkÃƒÂ¡jukat (fenntartÃƒÂ¡si munkÃƒÂ¡latokkal, mint pÃƒÂ©l-dÃƒÂ¡ul kaszÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ¡ssal, vagy vegyszeres nÃƒÂ¶vÃƒÂ©nyzetszabÃƒÂ¡lyozÃƒÂ¡ssal ezen gyepfelÃƒÂ¼letek esetÃƒÂ©ben is kalkulÃƒÂ¡lni kell), de a tÃƒÂ¡rsadalmi szemlÃƒÂ©let fokozatos vÃƒÂ¡ltozÃƒÂ¡sa talÃƒÂ¡n ennek kedvezÃ…Â‘ alakulÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡t is eredmÃƒÂ©nyezi a jÃƒÂ¶vÃ…Â‘ben. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX The turfing of flood prevention dykes plays a significant role in the protection of the dykes, the subsidence of floodwaters and, therefore, in actually protecting against flooding. Its economic efficiency cannot be proven in an exact manner, because, while the establishment and maintenance costs can be clearly defined, the income side is complex and difficult to enumerate. The social usefulness and economic benefits of turfing flood prevention dykes are nonetheless incontrovertible: - direct economic benefits: e.g. income from the sale of grass crops; - indirect economic benefits: e.g. the successful protection of at-risk assets, the protection of human life (difficult to enumerate, its measurement became possible with the introduction of the concept of microrisk); - from societyÃ¢Â€Â™s viewpoint the practice also has many beneficial effects: - it offers recreational opportunities for nature excursions; - in the event of suitable maintenance its ability to force back the growth of weeds has an indisputable significance for health; - its role in environmental protection can also not be overlooked. An existing problem is the lack of sufficient resources to enable public bodies dealing with the maintenance of dykes and their turf coverings to carry out their work properly (maintenance work such as mowing or chemical vegetation control needs to be budgeted for), however, the gradual change in social attitudes will perhaps result in beneficial developments in this area in the future.</abstract>
  <keywords>ÃƒÂ¡rvÃƒÂ­zvÃƒÂ©delem, kockÃƒÂ¡zat, gyepfelÃƒÂ¼let, vagyon, gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi haszon - flood-prevention, risk, grass, estate, economical benefit, Agricultural and Food Policy, Land Economics/Use,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>5</issue>
   <issuedate>2005</issuedate>
   <volume>49</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/54338</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Felkai, Beata Olga</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:54308</identifier><datestamp>2010-01-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:54308">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>A HAZAI ÃƒÂ–KOMÃƒÂ‰Z PIACI LEHETÃ…ÂSÃƒÂ‰GEI</title>
  <abstract>A kÃƒÂ©rdÃ…Â‘ÃƒÂ­ves felmÃƒÂ©rÃƒÂ©sbÃ…Â‘l megÃƒÂ¡llapÃƒÂ­thatÃƒÂ³, hogy rendkÃƒÂ­vÃƒÂ¼li fontossÃƒÂ¡gÃƒÂº az ÃƒÂ¶komÃƒÂ©z ÃƒÂ©s a hagyomÃƒÂ¡nyos technolÃƒÂ³giÃƒÂ¡val kÃƒÂ©szÃƒÂ¼lt mÃƒÂ©z kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶tti kÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¶nbsÃƒÂ©g tudatosÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sa, melyben fontos szerepet jÃƒÂ¡tszik a marketingeszkÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶k megfelelÃ…Â‘ ÃƒÂ©s hatÃƒÂ©kony alkal-mazÃƒÂ¡sa, tÃƒÂ¶bbek kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶tt a kÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¶nbÃƒÂ¶zÃ…Â‘ kiadvÃƒÂ¡nyok ÃƒÂ©s reklÃƒÂ¡mok. Fontos cÃƒÂ©l, hogy a magyar fogyasztÃƒÂ³ rÃƒÂ©szesÃƒÂ­tse elÃ…Â‘nyben a hazai termÃƒÂ©ket, tudja ÃƒÂ©s ÃƒÂ©rezze ÃƒÂ¡t, hogy a magyar ÃƒÂ©lelmiszer vÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡rlÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡val segÃƒÂ­ti a hazai vidÃƒÂ©ki lakossÃƒÂ¡g megÃƒÂ©lhetÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©t, az ÃƒÂ¶koÃƒÂ©lelmiszer vÃƒÂ¡lasztÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡val vÃƒÂ©di a termÃƒÂ©szeti kÃƒÂ¶rnyezetet ÃƒÂ©s a sajÃƒÂ¡t egÃƒÂ©szsÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©t. A 2081/92/EGK rendelet szerinti kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶ssÃƒÂ©gi oltalom (eredetvÃƒÂ©delem) lehetÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©t cÃƒÂ©lszerÃ…Â± lenne kihasznÃƒÂ¡lni a termelÃ…Â‘i csoportosulÃƒÂ¡sok aktÃƒÂ­v kÃƒÂ¶zremÃ…Â±kÃƒÂ¶dÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©vel. Nagy figyelmet indokolt szentelni a fiatal generÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³k egÃƒÂ©szsÃƒÂ©ges tÃƒÂ¡plÃƒÂ¡lkozÃƒÂ¡sra valÃƒÂ³ nevelÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©nek, szÃƒÂ¡mukra akÃƒÂ¡r iskolai oktatÃƒÂ¡s keretÃƒÂ©ben bemutatni a mÃƒÂ©zet, ugyanis egy pÃƒÂ¡r ÃƒÂ©v mÃƒÂºlva belÃ…Â‘lÃƒÂ¼k lesz a fogyasztÃƒÂ³k ÃƒÂºj generÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³ja. LÃƒÂ©nyeges cÃƒÂ©lkitÃ…Â±zÃƒÂ©s az egysÃƒÂ©ges, ugyanakkor jÃƒÂ³l megkÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¶nbÃƒÂ¶ztethetÃ…Â‘ jelzÃƒÂ©ssel ellÃƒÂ¡tott ÃƒÂ¶kotermÃƒÂ©kek vÃƒÂ©djegyÃƒÂ©nek kialakÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sa, melyet orszÃƒÂ¡gos szinten szÃƒÂ¼ksÃƒÂ©ges megvalÃƒÂ³sÃƒÂ­tani. Azaz egy egysÃƒÂ©ges hazai ÃƒÂ¶kovÃƒÂ©djegy kialakÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sa ÃƒÂ©s a kereskede-lem, a fogyasztÃƒÂ³k felÃƒÂ© tÃƒÂ¶rtÃƒÂ©nÃ…Â‘ intenzÃƒÂ­v kommunikÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ¡sa is szÃƒÂ¼ksÃƒÂ©ges. A vilÃƒÂ¡gpiacon ÃƒÂ¡ltalÃƒÂ¡nos tendencia, hogy az ÃƒÂ¶kolÃƒÂ³giai termÃƒÂ©kek irÃƒÂ¡nt egyre je-lentÃ…Â‘sebb az igÃƒÂ©ny, emiatt a garantÃƒÂ¡ltan tiszta ÃƒÂ©lelmiszer, ÃƒÂ­gy az ÃƒÂ¶komÃƒÂ©z is ked-vezÃ…Â‘ versenypozÃƒÂ­ciÃƒÂ³ba kerÃƒÂ¼lhet. Az ÃƒÂ¶komÃƒÂ©z ÃƒÂºj minÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©g a piacon, ezÃƒÂ©rt hosszÃƒÂº tÃƒÂ¡-von piackÃƒÂ©pes, mindenki szÃƒÂ¡mÃƒÂ¡ra minÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©gi megkÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¶nbÃƒÂ¶ztetÃƒÂ©st jelent. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX A questionnaire survey has shown that it is important to get across the difference between ecohoney and honey made by traditional technology. This can be accomplished by effectively employing the appropriate marketing methods, including among others various publications and advertising. An important objective is to persuade the Hungarian consumer to favor domestic products, because by buying domestic food products they help the existence of country people in Hungary and by selecting ecofood they help to protect the environment and their own health. It would be expedient to employ the option of community protection (source protection) according to statute 2081/92/EGK with the active collaboration of producer groups. Attention has to paid to educating the younger generation to adopt a healthy diet. Honey should be demonstrated to them perhaps in schools, as they will be in a few yours the new generation of consumers. An important objective is the establishment of a uniform but easily distinguishable national brandmark for eco-products. That is, it is imperative to develop a domestic ecobrandmark, which then needs to be intensively communicated to both commerce and consumers. On world markets the tendency is an increasingly intensive requirement for ecological products, therefore food of guaranteed purity such as ecohoney may acquire a favorable competitive status. Eco-honey represents a new quality on the market; therefore it is marketable on long term and means quality differentiation for everyone.</abstract>
  <keywords>kÃƒÂ©rdÃ…Â‘ÃƒÂ­ves felmÃƒÂ©rÃƒÂ©s, eredetvÃƒÂ©delem, ÃƒÂ¶kotermÃƒÂ©k vÃƒÂ©djegy - questionnaire survey, community protection, national brand-mark for eco-products, Agricultural and Food Policy, Food Security and Poverty, Health Economics and Policy, Marketing,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>3</issue>
   <issuedate>2005</issuedate>
   <volume>49</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/54308</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Panyor, Agota</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:54421</identifier><datestamp>2010-01-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:54421">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>A MOBIL INTERNET TECHNOLÃƒÂ“GIAI, GAZDASÃƒÂGI ÃƒÂ‰S TÃƒÂRSADALMI HATÃƒÂSAI AZ AGRÃƒÂRGAZDASÃƒÂGBAN</title>
  <abstract>A mobil kommunikÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³, ezen belÃƒÂ¼l a mobil Internet az agrÃƒÂ¡rgazdasÃƒÂ¡g szÃƒÂ¡mÃƒÂ¡-ra a hasznÃƒÂ¡lat hely ÃƒÂ©s idÃ…Â‘ fÃƒÂ¼ggetlensÃƒÂ©ge miatt fontos lehetÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©get, gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi elÃ…Â‘-nyÃƒÂ¶ket, a vÃƒÂ¡llalkozÃƒÂ¡sok, szervezetek szÃƒÂ¡mÃƒÂ¡ra hatÃƒÂ©konyabb mÃ…Â±kÃƒÂ¶dÃƒÂ©st jelenthet. SzÃƒÂ©leskÃƒÂ¶rÃ…Â± elterjedÃƒÂ©se, innovÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³s hatÃƒÂ¡sa ÃƒÂ©s elÃ…Â‘nyei gazdasÃƒÂ¡gosan csak a technolÃƒÂ³gia ÃƒÂ©s a szolgÃƒÂ¡ltatÃƒÂ¡sok hatÃƒÂ¡srendszerÃƒÂ©nek figyelembevÃƒÂ©telÃƒÂ©vel ÃƒÂ©rhetÃ…Â‘ el. A technolÃƒÂ³giai, tÃƒÂ¡rsadalmi ÃƒÂ©s gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi komplex hatÃƒÂ¡srendszer befolyÃƒÂ¡solja a gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi alkalmazÃƒÂ¡sok terjedÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©t. Az alkalmazhatÃƒÂ³ eszkÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶k kÃƒÂ¶re folyamatosan bÃ…Â‘vÃƒÂ¼l, fejlÃ…Â‘dik. MÃƒÂ¡r ma is sok kÃƒÂ©szÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ©ktÃƒÂ­pus ÃƒÂ¡ll rendelkezÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ¼nkre: mobiltelefon, smartphone, PDA, laptop, TabletPC. A kommunikÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³s technolÃƒÂ³giÃƒÂ¡k ÃƒÂ©s szabvÃƒÂ¡nyok kÃƒÂ¶rÃƒÂ©bÃ…Â‘l kiemelhetÃ…Â‘ a 3G ÃƒÂ©s a WiFi szabvÃƒÂ¡ny. TÃƒÂ¡rsadalmi szempontbÃƒÂ³l nÃƒÂ©gy fÃ…Â‘ csoport kÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¶nÃƒÂ­thetÃ…Â‘ el: a mobilkÃƒÂ©szÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ©k gyÃƒÂ¡rtÃƒÂ³k, a vÃƒÂ¡llalkozÃƒÂ¡sok, a fogyasztÃƒÂ³k ÃƒÂ©s a dolgozÃƒÂ³k. Az internettechnolÃƒÂ³gia ÃƒÂ©s a hÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ³zat ma mÃƒÂ¡r sok terÃƒÂ¼leten az ÃƒÂ¼zleti folyamatok alapvetÃ…Â‘ kommunikÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³s eszkÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ©vÃƒÂ© vÃƒÂ¡lt. A mobil eszkÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶kkel valÃƒÂ³ Internet szolgÃƒÂ¡ltatÃƒÂ¡sok elÃƒÂ©rÃƒÂ©se pedig tovÃƒÂ¡bb nÃƒÂ¶veli a lehetÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©geket. Az ÃƒÂ¼zleti folyamat oldalÃƒÂ¡rÃƒÂ³l vizsgÃƒÂ¡lva a kÃƒÂ¶ltsÃƒÂ©gek, elÃ…Â‘nyÃƒÂ¶k, hÃƒÂ¡trÃƒÂ¡nyok markÃƒÂ¡nsan megjelennek a kÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¶nbÃƒÂ¶zÃ…Â‘ alkalmazÃƒÂ¡si terÃƒÂ¼leteken. Napjainkban mÃƒÂ¡r a mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡gban ÃƒÂ©s ÃƒÂ©lelmiszeriparban, illetve az ÃƒÂ¡gazat kÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¶nbÃƒÂ¶zÃ…Â‘ szegmenseiben ÃƒÂ©s feladataiban, mint pÃƒÂ©ldÃƒÂ¡ul a szaktanÃƒÂ¡csadÃƒÂ¡sban, precÃƒÂ­ziÃƒÂ³s gazdÃƒÂ¡lkodÃƒÂ¡sban, logisztikÃƒÂ¡ban, jÃƒÂ³l hasznÃƒÂ¡lhatÃƒÂ³ kÃƒÂ¼lfÃƒÂ¶ldi ÃƒÂ©s hazai alkalmazÃƒÂ¡sok talÃƒÂ¡lhatÃƒÂ³k. MegÃƒÂ¡llapÃƒÂ­thatÃƒÂ³, hogy a mobil internet nemzetkÃƒÂ¶zi ÃƒÂ©s hazai fejlÃ…Â‘dÃƒÂ©si trendjei, az EurÃƒÂ³pai UniÃƒÂ³ kutatÃƒÂ¡si ÃƒÂ©s fejlesztÃƒÂ©si keretprogramjai a mobil szolgÃƒÂ¡ltatÃƒÂ¡sok ÃƒÂ©s alkalmazÃƒÂ¡sok szÃƒÂ©leskÃƒÂ¶rÃ…Â± elterjedÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©t segÃƒÂ­tik. A hazai mobilpiac elmÃƒÂºlt ÃƒÂ©vekbeli gyors fejlÃ…Â‘dÃƒÂ©se alapot adhat az ÃƒÂºj, nagysebessÃƒÂ©gÃ…Â± mobil internet alkalmazÃƒÂ¡sok hasonlÃƒÂ³ gyorsÃƒÂ¼temÃ…Â± elterjedÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©nek. E rendszerek ÃƒÂ©s szolgÃƒÂ¡ltatÃƒÂ¡sok hozzÃƒÂ¡jÃƒÂ¡rulhatnak az agrÃƒÂ¡rgazdasÃƒÂ¡g, a vÃƒÂ¡llalkozÃƒÂ¡sok, a vidÃƒÂ©k fejlÃ…Â‘dÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©hez, jelentÃ…Â‘sen tÃƒÂ¡mogathatjÃƒÂ¡k a termelÃƒÂ©si, kereskedelmi, szolgÃƒÂ¡ltatÃƒÂ¡si, termÃƒÂ©kkÃƒÂ¶vetÃƒÂ©si feladatokat. A 2007-2014 idÃ…Â‘szakra vonatkozÃƒÂ³ Nemzeti FejlesztÃƒÂ©si Terv ÃƒÂ©s OperatÃƒÂ­v Programok tervezÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©nÃƒÂ©l cÃƒÂ©lszerÃ…Â± elÃ…Â‘nyben rÃƒÂ©szesÃƒÂ­teni az EU ÃƒÂ¡ltal is preferÃƒÂ¡lt mobil technolÃƒÂ³giÃƒÂ¡k ÃƒÂ©s alkalmazÃƒÂ¡sok fejlesztÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©t. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Mobile communication and mobile internet can provide important opportunities, economic advantages for enterprises and organisations and support increased efficiency as it can be used anytime and anywhere. However, their wide spread economic use, their innovative effects and advantages can be fully achieved only if the background to the technology and service is appreciated. The complex technological, social and economic consequences affect the spread of economical applications. The choice of applicable equipment is continually increasing. Numerous types of instruments and equipment are available in these days such as mobile phones, smart phones, PDA, laptop, TabletPC and recently developed communication technologies and standards include 3G and WiFi. From the social point of view the following four groups of people play a role in this business: mobile phone manufacturers, enterprises, consumers and employees. Internet technology and network has become an essential communication tools in business life. The use of mobile equipment for linking to internet further widens its application. From the point of view of business life costs, advantages and disadvantages are apparent in various fields of applications. Numerous highly useful home and foreign applications are available nowadays for the agriculture and food industry, for their various segments and problem areas, such as consultancies, precision farming and logistics. Domestic and international innovations, research and development programs sponsored and coordinated by the EU advance a great deal the wider use of mobile internet services and applications. Rapid development of the domestic mobile market may provide the foundations for the rapid spread of high speed broadband internet services. These technologies and services may contribute to the development of farms, enterprises and the countryside and significantly support tasks in production, commerce, services and product tracing. When devising the National Development Plan and Operational Programs for the period 2007-2014 it is advisable to include the mobile technologies and applications preferred by the EU.</abstract>
  <keywords>mobil internet, mobil kommunikÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³, agrÃƒÂ¡rgazdasÃƒÂ¡g, mobile internet, mobile communication, agricultural economy, Marketing, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>6</issue>
   <issuedate>2005</issuedate>
   <volume>49</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/54421</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Szilagyi, Robert</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Herdon, Miklos</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:48090</identifier><datestamp>2010-01-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:48090">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>Longitudinal examination as a possible method of observing agriculture</title>
  <abstract>On the basis of our examinations we have come to the conclusion that longitudinal examinations are the simplest and most up-to-date methods as well as the most cost-efficient ones for following the decision-making, preparatory data collection, processing and analysis opportunities, which better and better serve the sustainability of agriculture, together with subsequently tracking feedback about the decisions to see if the given measure has really resulted in reaching the objectives. The method was proved capable of supplying both micro- and macro-level information in the desired breakdown, groupings and systems of connections. The development successive (panel) examination that we applied can serve as the basis of decision-making affecting huge areas by means of total listings and breakdowns. Moreover, it can also control their effects and aftermaths. We suggest implementing the introduction this data-collecting and information- supplying method, declared desirable by the European Union. Implementation would be eased to a great extent by the fact that the relevant organisations stand available.</abstract>
  <keywords>longitudinal (development successive) examination, method, applicability, Agricultural and Food Policy, Research Methods/ Statistical Methods,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>22</issue>
   <issuedate>2008</issuedate>
   <volume>52</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/48090</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Fizcerene Nagymihaly, Kornelia</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Nabradi, Andras</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Pummer, Laszlo</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:54858</identifier><datestamp>2010-01-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:54858">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>AZ ÃƒÂFA TÃƒÂ–RVÃƒÂ‰NY VÃƒÂLTOZÃƒÂSAINAK GAZDASÃƒÂGI HATÃƒÂSAI</title>
  <abstract>MagyarorszÃƒÂ¡g az ÃƒÂ¡ltalÃƒÂ¡nos forgalmi adÃƒÂ³t tekintve (egyes ÃƒÂ¡tmeneti mentessÃƒÂ©-gektÃ…Â‘l eltekintve) teljes mÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kben az EurÃƒÂ³pai UniÃƒÂ³ feltÃƒÂ©teleinek, irÃƒÂ¡nyelveinek megfelelÃ…Â‘en alakÃƒÂ­totta az ÃƒÂFA tÃƒÂ¶rvÃƒÂ©nyt. A KÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶ssÃƒÂ©g tagÃƒÂ¡llamaiban a kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶s ÃƒÂFA rendszer rÃƒÂ©vÃƒÂ©n az adÃƒÂ³ztatÃƒÂ¡s szerke-zete egysÃƒÂ©ges, azonban az alkalmazott kulcsok tovÃƒÂ¡bbra is eltÃƒÂ©rnek (2. tÃƒÂ¡blÃƒÂ¡zat). Az egyes tagÃƒÂ¡llamokban ÃƒÂ©rvÃƒÂ©nyesÃƒÂ¼lÃ…Â‘ sÃƒÂºlyosabb adÃƒÂ³terheket ÃƒÂ©s az ezek ÃƒÂ¡ltal oko-zott verseny torzulÃƒÂ¡sokat ellensÃƒÂºlyozhatja a hatÃƒÂ³sÃƒÂ¡gi tevÃƒÂ©kenysÃƒÂ©g ÃƒÂ©s/vagy a ked-vezÃ…Â‘bb deviza/valutaÃƒÂ¡rfolyam. A tÃƒÂ¡vlati cÃƒÂ©lkÃƒÂ©nt megjelÃƒÂ¶lt, teljesen egysÃƒÂ©ges adÃƒÂ³zÃƒÂ¡si kÃƒÂ¶rnyezetet egyelÃ…Â‘re nem sikerÃƒÂ¼lt megteremteni. MagyarorszÃƒÂ¡g EurÃƒÂ³pai UniÃƒÂ³hoz tÃƒÂ¶rtÃƒÂ©nÃ…Â‘ csatlakozÃƒÂ¡sakor az ÃƒÂFA kulcsokat megvÃƒÂ¡ltoztatta, a kedvezmÃƒÂ©nyes 0%-os ÃƒÂ©s 12%-os adÃƒÂ³kulcsok helyett 5%-os ÃƒÂ©s 15%-os adÃƒÂ³kulcsokat alkalmaz. A 25%-os ÃƒÂ¡ltalÃƒÂ¡nos adÃƒÂ³kulcsba tartozÃƒÂ³ cikkek kÃƒÂ¶re is nÃƒÂ¶vekedett. E mÃƒÂ³dosÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sokkal hazÃƒÂ¡nk az EurÃƒÂ³pai UniÃƒÂ³ tagÃƒÂ¡llamai kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶tt az egyik legnagyobb ÃƒÂFA kulcsot alkalmazÃƒÂ³ lett. Ezzel szemben a 6. ÃƒÂFA irÃƒÂ¡ny-elv csak azt ÃƒÂ­rja elÃ…Â‘, hogy Ã¢Â€Âžaz ÃƒÂ¡ltalÃƒÂ¡nos kulcs nem lehet alacsonyabb, mint 15%, a kedvezmÃƒÂ©nyes kulcs meg legalÃƒÂ¡bb 5% kell hogy legyenÃ¢Â€Â. Az ÃƒÂFA kulcs mÃƒÂ³dosÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sai a tÃƒÂ¶bbi EU orszÃƒÂ¡ghoz kÃƒÂ©pest a hazai vÃƒÂ¡llalkozÃƒÂ³k versenykÃƒÂ©pessÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©t is rontjÃƒÂ¡k, valamint az inflÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³t is nÃƒÂ¶velik, mivel minden hoz-zÃƒÂ¡adott ÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©knÃƒÂ©l a nagyobb, mÃƒÂ³dosÃƒÂ­tott ÃƒÂFA kulcs rakÃƒÂ³dik rÃƒÂ¡. A gazdÃƒÂ¡lkodÃƒÂ³k, vÃƒÂ¡llalkozÃƒÂ³k egyre inkÃƒÂ¡bb szorgalmazzÃƒÂ¡k az ÃƒÂFA kulcsok csÃƒÂ¶kkentÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©t. Az adÃƒÂ³zÃƒÂ³k ÃƒÂ©s a kÃƒÂ¶nyvelÃƒÂ©ssel foglalkozÃƒÂ³ szakemberek szÃƒÂ¡mÃƒÂ¡ra is egyszerÃ…Â±bb lenne, ha az EU teljes terÃƒÂ¼letÃƒÂ©n egyetlen, egysÃƒÂ©ges kulcsot alkalmaznÃƒÂ¡nak. Ez nagymÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kben egyszerÃ…Â±sÃƒÂ­tenÃƒÂ© az ÃƒÂ¡ltalÃƒÂ¡nos forgalmi adÃƒÂ³ alkalmazÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡t, ellenÃ…Â‘r-zÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©t ÃƒÂ©s a semlegessÃƒÂ©g kÃƒÂ¶vetelmÃƒÂ©nyÃƒÂ©t is ÃƒÂ­gy teljesÃƒÂ­tenÃƒÂ© a legjobban. Abban az esetben, ha az adÃƒÂ³hatÃƒÂ³sÃƒÂ¡gok szemszÃƒÂ¶gÃƒÂ©bÃ…Â‘l vizsgÃƒÂ¡lom a kÃƒÂ©rdÃƒÂ©st megÃƒÂ¡llapÃƒÂ­thatÃƒÂ³, hogy nem elegendÃ…Â‘, ha egy tagÃƒÂ¡llami adÃƒÂ³hatÃƒÂ³sÃƒÂ¡gi jogalkalmazÃƒÂ³ csak az anyagi vagy eljÃƒÂ¡rÃƒÂ¡si szabÃƒÂ¡lyokat ismeri. Annak ÃƒÂ©rdekÃƒÂ©ben, hogy egy-egy konkrÃƒÂ©t ÃƒÂ¼gyben helyes dÃƒÂ¶ntÃƒÂ©st tudjon hozni, szÃƒÂ¼ksÃƒÂ©ge lehet a jogi normÃƒÂ¡k ÃƒÂ©rtel-mezÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©re is. Ehhez pedig az EurÃƒÂ³pai BÃƒÂ­rÃƒÂ³sÃƒÂ¡g ÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©letei jelenthetnek tÃƒÂ¡mpontot. Az ÃƒÂFA tÃƒÂ¶rvÃƒÂ©nnyel kapcsolatos uniÃƒÂ³s jogharmonizÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³ eredmÃƒÂ©nyekÃƒÂ©nt a korÃƒÂ¡bbi szabÃƒÂ¡lyok jelentÃ…Â‘sen megvÃƒÂ¡ltoztak, kijelenthetÃ…Â‘, hogy a rendszer bonyolultabb, nehezebben ÃƒÂ¡ttekinthetÃ…Â‘. Az ÃƒÂFA szabÃƒÂ¡lyok elÃ…Â‘zÃ…Â‘ekben emlÃƒÂ­tett bonyolultsÃƒÂ¡gÃƒÂ¡t, nehÃƒÂ©z ÃƒÂ¡ttekinthetÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©t kihasznÃƒÂ¡lva egyre tÃƒÂ¶bben prÃƒÂ³bÃƒÂ¡lkoznak meg a visszaÃƒÂ©lÃƒÂ©-sekkel. TalÃƒÂ¡n ezzel is magyarÃƒÂ¡zhatÃƒÂ³, hogy MagyarorszÃƒÂ¡gon 2004. ÃƒÂ©vi ÃƒÂFA bevÃƒÂ©-telek tÃƒÂ¶bb milliÃƒÂ¡rddal maradnak el a tervezettÃ…Â‘l. A jelenlegi helyzet kezelÃƒÂ©se ÃƒÂ©s a kÃƒÂ¶ltsÃƒÂ©gvetÃƒÂ©si bevÃƒÂ©telek biztosÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sa ÃƒÂ©rdekÃƒÂ©ben az APEH tÃƒÂ©telesen ellenÃ…Â‘rzi a kÃƒÂ¶-zÃƒÂ¶ssÃƒÂ©gi adÃƒÂ³szÃƒÂ¡mmal rendelkezÃ…Â‘ket. A tapasztalatok azt mutatjÃƒÂ¡k, hogy a tÃƒÂ©ves ÃƒÂFA visszaigÃƒÂ©nylÃƒÂ©sek hÃƒÂ¡tterÃƒÂ©ben nem minden esetben szÃƒÂ¡ndÃƒÂ©kos csalÃƒÂ¡s ÃƒÂ¡ll, hanem nagyon sok esetben az adÃƒÂ³zÃƒÂ³k ismereteinek hiÃƒÂ¡nya, tapasztalatlansÃƒÂ¡ga az ok. Annak ellenÃƒÂ©re, hogy az EU csatlakozÃƒÂ¡s ÃƒÂ³ta az ÃƒÂFA szabÃƒÂ¡lyok bonyolultabbÃƒÂ¡ vÃƒÂ¡ltak, ÃƒÂ©s az elÃ…Â‘zÃ…Â‘ekben emlÃƒÂ­tett problÃƒÂ©mÃƒÂ¡k jelentkeztek, remÃƒÂ©ljÃƒÂ¼k, hogy hosszÃƒÂº tÃƒÂ¡von a tagorszÃƒÂ¡gok jogrendszere egyre inkÃƒÂ¡bb kÃƒÂ¶zeledni fog egymÃƒÂ¡shoz, ÃƒÂ­gy a szabÃƒÂ¡lyozÃƒÂ¡s is egyszerÃ…Â±sÃƒÂ¶dhet, kÃƒÂ¶nnyebben ÃƒÂ¡tlÃƒÂ¡thatÃƒÂ³vÃƒÂ¡ vÃƒÂ¡lhat. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Hungary has drafted her VAT legislation in respect of general sales tax in complete compliance with the European UnionÃ¢Â€Â™s requirements and directives (with the exception of a few temporary exemptions). There is a unified tax structure in EU member states as a result of the common VAT system, however, the rates utilised continue to differ (Table 2.). The heavier tax burden prevailing in some member states and the competitive distortion caused by this, can be counterbalanced by the actions of the authorities and/or a more favourable currency exchange rate. The creation of a unified tax environment, stated as a long-term goal, has not yet been achieved. Upon accession to the EU, Hungary has changed its VAT rates and instead of the previous 0% and 12% preferential rates, now utilises 5% and 15% brackets. The range of goods falling into the general 25% bracket has also increased. As a result of these modifications, Hungary now has one of the highest VAT rates among EU member states. In contrast the 6th VAT directive merely states that "the general rate may not be less than 15% and the preferential rate must be at least 5%." Compared with other EU states the VAT rate modifications damage the competitiveness of Hungarian businesses and, furthermore, increases inflation, as the new, higher VAT rate is also applied to value added. Increasingly farmers and entrepreneurs are calling for a reduction in VAT rates. It would also be more straightforward for taxpayers and accountancy professionals, if a single, unified rate was applied across the EU. This would greatly simplify the application and auditing of the general sales tax and would be the best way to meet the requirements of impartiality. Considering the issue from the point of view of the tax authorities, clearly it is not sufficient for the legal practitioner of a member stateÃ¢Â€Â™s tax authority to be merely conversant with fiscal or procedural rules. In order to make correct decisions in individual cases, it may also be necessary to interpret the legal norms. The rulings of the European Court can provide a basis for support in this. As a result of EU harmonisation of VAT legislation, previous rules have changed significantly and, it can be said, that the whole system has become more complicated and less transparent. More and more people are trying to take advantage exactly of these VAT complications and lack of transparency. This could explain why HungaryÃ¢Â€Â™s 2004 VAT revenues fell short of projections by many billions of HUF. In the interests of managing the current situation and securing budgetary revenue, HungaryÃ¢Â€Â™s tax authority (APEH) is individually auditing item by item all those with an EU tax number. Experience shows that the reason behind cases of erroneous VAT refund requests is often the taxpayerÃ¢Â€Â™s lack of knowledge and experience rather than deliberate fraud. Despite the more complicated VAT rules upon EU accession and the problems mentioned above, it is hoped that with time member statesÃ¢Â€Â™ legal systems will increasingly converge allowing regulations to be simplified and made more transparent.</abstract>
  <keywords>MagyarorszÃƒÂ¡g, adÃƒÂ³zÃƒÂ¡si vÃƒÂ¡ltozÃƒÂ¡sok az EU csatlakozÃƒÂ¡s utÃƒÂ¡n, Hungary, changes in taxes after EU accessino, Agricultural and Food Policy, Agricultural Finance,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>13</issue>
   <issuedate>2005</issuedate>
   <volume>49</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/54858</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Hagen, Istvan Zsombor</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:48099</identifier><datestamp>2010-01-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:48099">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>Keeping young farmers in rural areas</title>
  <abstract>Agricultural subsidies alone cannot solve the aging problem of rural areas. In some cases enthusiasm is not enough, because a lack of financial resources prevents young farmers from launching enterprises. Isolation, lack of information and subsistence insecurity are all problems faced by young farmers, which need to be managed. It would be reasonable to extend the support scheme provided for new enterprises to also include those farms which have already been launched, but have not yet reached the size considered viable. Considering that the subsidies involve retrospective financing and that the majority of young farmers are lacking capital, increasing the amount of the advance payment would also be recommended. Young farmers could be further supported by providing subsidies for voluntary cooperation and by setting easier terms for purchasing land from the National Land Reserve, as well as by developing the rural infrastructure and a comprehensive agricultural education system, including management training.</abstract>
  <keywords>ageing, young farmers, agricultural education, subsidies, agricultural information system, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Farm Management, Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>22</issue>
   <issuedate>2008</issuedate>
   <volume>52</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/48099</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Hantos, Krisztina</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:54859</identifier><datestamp>2010-01-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:54859">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>A KOMPOLTI Ã…ÂSZI ÃƒÂRPA NEMESÃƒÂTÃƒÂ‰S HELYE EURÃƒÂ“PÃƒÂBAN</title>
  <abstract>A nÃƒÂ¶vÃƒÂ©nynemesÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©s fokozatosan romlÃƒÂ³ mÃ…Â±kÃƒÂ¶dÃƒÂ©si kÃƒÂ¶rÃƒÂ¼lmÃƒÂ©nyei, a hatÃƒÂ©kony marketing ÃƒÂ©s a vetÃ…Â‘magkereskedelem hiÃƒÂ¡nyossÃƒÂ¡gai, a kÃƒÂ¼lfÃƒÂ¶ldi fajtÃƒÂ¡k nyomÃƒÂ¡sa kÃƒÂ¶vetkeztÃƒÂ©ben tÃƒÂ¶bb nÃƒÂ¶vÃƒÂ©nyfajban a hazai nemesÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©s jelentÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©ge csÃƒÂ¶kkent az utÃƒÂ³bbi 20 ÃƒÂ©vben, sÃ…Â‘t nÃƒÂ©hÃƒÂ¡ny nÃƒÂ¶vÃƒÂ©nyfaj nemesÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©se MagyarorszÃƒÂ¡gon meg is szÃ…Â±nt. A Kompolton folyÃƒÂ³ Ã…Â‘szi ÃƒÂ¡rpa nemesÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©s eredmÃƒÂ©nyesen ÃƒÂ¡llt helyt a kÃƒÂ¼lfÃƒÂ¶ldi fajtaelÃ…Â‘ÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ³k nyomÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡nak. FajtÃƒÂ¡ink kivÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ³ termÃ…Â‘kÃƒÂ©pessÃƒÂ©ge mellett, kiemelkedÃ…Â‘ tÃƒÂ©lÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ³sÃƒÂ¡ggal, igen jÃƒÂ³ szÃƒÂ¡rszilÃƒÂ¡rdsÃƒÂ¡ggal, megbÃƒÂ­zhatÃƒÂ³ ÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ³kÃƒÂ©pessÃƒÂ©ggel, ÃƒÂ¶sszessÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©-ben kivÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ³ alkalmazkodÃƒÂ³kÃƒÂ©pessÃƒÂ©ggel rendelkeznek. ÃƒÂ–sszesen 12 takarmÃƒÂ¡nyÃƒÂ¡rpa ÃƒÂ©s 2 Ã…Â‘szi sÃƒÂ¶rÃƒÂ¡rpa fajtÃƒÂ¡nkkal minden termesztÃƒÂ©si vÃƒÂ¡lasztÃƒÂ©kkal rendelkezÃƒÂ¼nk. 2004-ben az OMMI kÃƒÂ­sÃƒÂ©rletekben a korai ÃƒÂ©s a kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ©pÃƒÂ©rÃƒÂ©sÃ…Â± csoportban is kÃƒÂ©t-kÃƒÂ©t fajtÃƒÂ¡nk kerÃƒÂ¼lt az elsÃ…Â‘ helyre, hÃƒÂ¡rom ÃƒÂ©v ÃƒÂ¡tlagÃƒÂ¡ban ÃƒÂ¶t kompolti fajta van az ÃƒÂ©len. A termelÃ…Â‘k kÃƒÂ¶rÃƒÂ©ben egyre kedveltebbek a kompolti Ã…Â‘szi ÃƒÂ¡rpa fajtÃƒÂ¡k. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX The gradually deteriorating operating environment for plant cultivation, coupled with a lack of effective marketing and seed-corn trade and the pressure from foreign varieties, has resulted in a reduced significance for national hybridisation in the past 20 years. In fact, the hybridisation of a number of varieties has ceased altogether in Hungary. The hybridisation of winter barley taking place in Kompolt has successfully held its own under pressure from cultivators of foreign varieties. Besides the eminent fertility of this variety, it possesses an outstanding hardiness in winter, good stalk strength, reliable resistance to storage and an all-round excellent adaptability. Our 12 varieties of feed barley and two of brewing barley represent a complete range of cultivation choices. Two of our varieties head up the list of both the early and medium ripening categories in the 2004 national (OMMI) trials; five Kompolt varieties lead the field over an average period of three years. Kompolt winter barley varieties are increasingly popular among producers.</abstract>
  <keywords>nÃƒÂ¶vÃƒÂ©nynemesÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©s, ÃƒÂºj kihÃƒÂ­vÃƒÂ¡sok ÃƒÂ©s irÃƒÂ¡nyok, hybridization, new challenges and directions, Crop Production/Industries, Production Economics,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>13</issue>
   <issuedate>2005</issuedate>
   <volume>49</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/54859</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Muranyi, Istvan</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Simon, Anna</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:54341</identifier><datestamp>2010-01-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:54341">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>SUSTAINABLE COUNTRYSIDE AND COMPETITIVENESS</title>
  <abstract>Sustainability, which is a way of thinking, life, production and consumption, covers all dimensions of human existence, its relation to natural resources, the economy and society. Sustainability can be the solution, beside research and development processes, to global problems like globalising economy and market competition, global warming, poverty and famine. United NationsÃ¢Â€Â™ actions from Rio to Johannesburg and EU decisions seem to underpin this. Well intentioned efforts up to the present have been made on global level with few results. Therefore it is necessary to implement sustainability on regional and local sub-regional, company level. Sustainability is getting into the centre of expectations and actions. It is very likely that only regions and subregions recognising the importance of sustainability in time, will be successful and competitive as a result of this advantage. Settlements neglecting sustainability will not be able to keep their inhabitants, the countryside around them will not be able to produce enough products meeting food safety standards, and will exhaust its natural resources fairly quickly. The competitiveness of a region is largely determined by the state and development pattern of its rural areas and settlements. Therefore research has been focused on sustainable countryside and its important elements, sustainable (liveable) settlements. During our investigations we implemented a new indicator and index number set that reflects all dimensions of sustainability, the present situation, and supports the bottom up decision making process of local governments and NGOs in order to promote development. These investigations highlighted the facts that potential competitiveness of a region can only be based on sustainable settlements, subregions and it is essential to eliminate deficiencies that restrain present and future development. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX A fenntarthatÃƒÂ³sÃƒÂ¡g, amely szemlÃƒÂ©let-, gondolkodÃƒÂ¡s-, ÃƒÂ©let-, termelÃƒÂ©si-, valamint fogyasztÃƒÂ¡si mÃƒÂ³d felÃƒÂ¶leli az emberi lÃƒÂ©tezÃƒÂ©s valamennyi dimenziÃƒÂ³jÃƒÂ¡t, a termÃƒÂ©szeti erÃ…Â‘forrÃƒÂ¡sokhoz valÃƒÂ³ viszonyÃƒÂ¡t, a gazdasÃƒÂ¡got ÃƒÂ©s a tÃƒÂ¡rsadalmat. A globÃƒÂ¡lis kihÃƒÂ­vÃƒÂ¡-sok lekÃƒÂ¼zdÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©ben Ã¢Â€Â“ mint pÃƒÂ©ldÃƒÂ¡ul a globalizÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ³dÃƒÂ³ gazdasÃƒÂ¡g ÃƒÂ©s piaci verseny, a globÃƒÂ¡lis felmelegedÃƒÂ©s, a szegÃƒÂ©nysÃƒÂ©g ÃƒÂ©s ÃƒÂ©hezÃƒÂ©s lekÃƒÂ¼zdÃƒÂ©se Ã¢Â€Â“, a kutatÃƒÂ¡si Ã¢Â€Â“ innovÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³s folyamatok mellett a fenntarthatÃƒÂ³sÃƒÂ¡g jelentheti a megoldÃƒÂ¡st. Ezt megerÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ­tik az ENSZ vilÃƒÂ¡grendezvÃƒÂ©nyei RiÃƒÂ³tÃƒÂ³l Ã¢Â€Â“ Johannesburgig, valamint az EU hatÃƒÂ¡rozatai. Az eddigi jÃƒÂ³ szÃƒÂ¡ndÃƒÂ©kÃƒÂº prÃƒÂ³bÃƒÂ¡lkozÃƒÂ¡sok globÃƒÂ¡lis szinten mozogtak, vajmi kevÃƒÂ©s eredmÃƒÂ©nnyel. EzÃƒÂ©rt szÃƒÂ¼ksÃƒÂ©ges a fenntarthatÃƒÂ³sÃƒÂ¡g regionÃƒÂ¡lis ÃƒÂ©s lokÃƒÂ¡lis Ã¢Â€Â“ kistÃƒÂ©rsÃƒÂ©gi, telepÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ©si, vÃƒÂ¡llalkozÃƒÂ¡si Ã¢Â€Â“ szintjein kezdemÃƒÂ©nyezni a megoldÃƒÂ¡st. A fenntarthatÃƒÂ³sÃƒÂ¡g egyre inkÃƒÂ¡bb az elvÃƒÂ¡rÃƒÂ¡sok ÃƒÂ©s cselekvÃƒÂ©sek kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ©ppontjÃƒÂ¡ba kerÃƒÂ¼l, vÃƒÂ¡rhatÃƒÂ³, hogy csak azok a rÃƒÂ©giÃƒÂ³k, kistÃƒÂ©rsÃƒÂ©gek, helyi szintek lehetnek eredmÃƒÂ©nyesek, versenykÃƒÂ©-pesek melyek idÃ…Â‘ben felismertÃƒÂ©k a fenntarthatÃƒÂ³sÃƒÂ¡g ÃƒÂ©rvÃƒÂ©nyesÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©nek szÃƒÂ¼ksÃƒÂ©ges-sÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©t, s ezzel helyzeti elÃ…Â‘nyre tesznek szert. Ugyanis a fenntarthatÃƒÂ³sÃƒÂ¡got mellÃ…Â‘zÃ…Â‘ telepÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ©sek nem tudjÃƒÂ¡k megtartani lakosaikat, s a vidÃƒÂ©k nem kÃƒÂ©pes megfelelÃ…Â‘ minÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©gÃ…Â±, az ÃƒÂ©lelmiszerbiztonsÃƒÂ¡gi igÃƒÂ©nyeknek megfelelÃ…Â‘ termÃƒÂ©keket kibocsÃƒÂ¡tani, s nem hosszabb tÃƒÂ¡von felÃƒÂ©lik termÃƒÂ©szeti erÃ…Â‘forrÃƒÂ¡saikat. A rÃƒÂ©giÃƒÂ³k versenyesÃƒÂ©lyÃƒÂ©t sokban meghatÃƒÂ¡rozzÃƒÂ¡k a rÃƒÂ©giÃƒÂ³n belÃƒÂ¼li vidÃƒÂ©ki tÃƒÂ©rsÃƒÂ©gek ÃƒÂ©s telepÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ©sek helyzete, s fejlÃ…Â‘dÃƒÂ©se. EzÃƒÂ©rt a kutatÃƒÂ¡sok a fenntarthatÃƒÂ³ vidÃƒÂ©k ÃƒÂ©s ennek lÃƒÂ©nyegi elemÃƒÂ©re a fenntarthatÃƒÂ³, vagyis ÃƒÂ©lhetÃ…Â‘ telepÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ©sre irÃƒÂ¡nyultak. A vizsgÃƒÂ¡latok erre a cÃƒÂ©lra egy ÃƒÂºjszerÃ…Â± indikÃƒÂ¡tor ÃƒÂ©s mutatÃƒÂ³szÃƒÂ¡mrendszert alkalmaztak, amely tÃƒÂ¼krÃƒÂ¶zte a fenn-tarthatÃƒÂ³sÃƒÂ¡g dimenziÃƒÂ³it, az adott helyzetet, s megalapozzÃƒÂ¡k az alulrÃƒÂ³l ÃƒÂ©pÃƒÂ­tkezÃ…Â‘ te-lepÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ©si ÃƒÂ©s civil szervezeti ÃƒÂ¶nkormÃƒÂ¡nyzatok a fejlesztÃƒÂ©s lehetÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©geit. A vizsgÃƒÂ¡latok hangsÃƒÂºlyozzÃƒÂ¡k, hogy a fenntarthatÃƒÂ³ telepÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ©sekre-kistÃƒÂ©rsÃƒÂ©gekre ÃƒÂ©pÃƒÂ¼lhet a rÃƒÂ©giÃƒÂ³ versenyesÃƒÂ©lye, s mindebben kÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¶nÃƒÂ¶sen fontos szerepe van a jelent ÃƒÂ©s jÃƒÂ¶vÃ…Â‘t korlÃƒÂ¡-tozÃƒÂ³ Ã¢Â€ÂžhiÃƒÂ¡nyokÃ¢Â€Â felszÃƒÂ¡molÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡nak.</abstract>
  <keywords>Community/Rural/Urban Development, Environmental Economics and Policy, Public Economics, sustainability on regional level, settlements, investigations - fenntarthatÃƒÂ³sÃƒÂ¡g regionÃƒÂ¡lis szintje, telepÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ©sek, beruhÃƒÂ¡zÃƒÂ¡sok,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>12</issue>
   <issuedate>2005</issuedate>
   <volume>49</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/54341</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Szlavik, Janos</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Csete, Maria</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:48096</identifier><datestamp>2010-01-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:48096">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>The income generating capacity of vegetable forcing model farms</title>
  <abstract>Within the branch of horticultural production, vegetable forcing can play a very significant role in the future employment of the rural labour force, due to its less seasonal employment and high workforce demand. Taking the ecological endowments of Hungary into consideration the farms of the South Great Plains may play a decisive role in this. During our research we examined eight model hydro-cultured vegetable forcing farms that are competitive due to their income-generating capacity and are suitable for further development. We concluded that pepper forcing farms of 1 ha generated Ã¢Â‚Â¬138,980 SGM, tomato forcing farms Ã¢Â‚Â¬129,486 SGM and cucumber forcing farms Ã¢Â‚Â¬121,641 SGM. By dividing the Standard Gross Margin by Ã¢Â‚Â¬1,200 we found that the farms examined belonged to the 111.65 ESU size category in the case of peppers, 107.91 ESU in the case of tomatoes and 101.37 ESU in the case of cucumbers, so they can be regarded as rather large farms according to the standards accepted within the EU. Within the category of variable costs, an increase in the Standard Gross Margin (SGM) of viable farms of the right size (in the economic sense of the word) is possible by decreasing heating costs. In the model farms examined the heating costs of greenhouses heated by thermal water was 60% less than those using forcing equipment fuelled by coal. The increasing costs of thermal water (environmental protection fines, mine charges, fees for using water deposits) significantly undermines this global competitive advantage.</abstract>
  <keywords>production value, variable costs, ESU, vegetable forcing, income, Agribusiness, Farm Management, Production Economics,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>22</issue>
   <issuedate>2008</issuedate>
   <volume>52</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/48096</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Tegla, Zsolt</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Varga, Erika</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Hagen, Istvan Zsombor</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:54418</identifier><datestamp>2010-01-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:54418">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>FOGYASZTÃƒÂ“I VÃƒÂ‰LEMÃƒÂ‰NYEK A BIO-SERTÃƒÂ‰SHÃƒÂšSRÃƒÂ“L, ILLETVE A SERTÃƒÂ‰SHÃƒÂšSFOGYASZTÃƒÂSRÃƒÂ“L</title>
  <abstract>A magyarorszÃƒÂ¡gi fogyasztÃƒÂ³k jelentÃ…Â‘sebb rÃƒÂ©sze hallott ugyan a bio-sertÃƒÂ©s-hÃƒÂºsrÃƒÂ³l ÃƒÂ©s automatikusan azonosÃƒÂ­tja is azt a mangalicahÃƒÂºssal, ennek ellenÃƒÂ©re vÃƒÂ¡-sÃƒÂ¡rlÃƒÂ¡sai sorÃƒÂ¡n nem talÃƒÂ¡lkozott mÃƒÂ©g ilyen jellegÃ…Â± termÃƒÂ©kekkel. Ez a hazai piac sa-jÃƒÂ¡tossÃƒÂ¡ga. Az ÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kesÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©s tÃƒÂ¶bb csatornÃƒÂ¡n folyik, de a vÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡rlÃƒÂ³k nem rendelkeznek kellÃ…Â‘ informÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³val arrÃƒÂ³l, hogy hol juthatnak bio-sertÃƒÂ©shÃƒÂºshoz. (A bioboltok csak igen kis hÃƒÂ¡nyada forgalmaz ÃƒÂ¶kolÃƒÂ³giai termelÃƒÂ©sbÃ…Â‘l szÃƒÂ¡rmazÃƒÂ³ hÃƒÂºst.) ElsÃ…Â‘ feladat lehetne ezÃƒÂ©rt a nÃƒÂ©pszerÃ…Â±sÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©s, a megismertetÃƒÂ©s. Az egÃƒÂ©szsÃƒÂ©ges tÃƒÂ¡plÃƒÂ¡lkozÃƒÂ¡s fontossÃƒÂ¡ga mellett kÃƒÂ¶rnyezettudatos gondolkodÃƒÂ¡sra szÃƒÂ¼ksÃƒÂ©ges Ã¢Â€ÂžnevelniÃ¢Â€Â az em-bereket. EzutÃƒÂ¡n lehet fejleszteni az ÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kesÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©si csatornÃƒÂ¡kat (direkt ÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kesÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©s, ÃƒÂ¶kopiacok, bioboltok, Ã¢Â€ÂžbiosarkokÃ¢Â€Â). Meg kell cÃƒÂ©lozni e termÃƒÂ©kekkel az egÃƒÂ©szsÃƒÂ©g-ÃƒÂ¼gyi intÃƒÂ©zmÃƒÂ©nyeket, vendÃƒÂ©glÃƒÂ¡tÃƒÂ³-ipari egysÃƒÂ©geket, ÃƒÂ©rtem ez alatt elsÃ…Â‘sorban a manapsÃƒÂ¡g nagyon divatos Ã¢Â€Âžwellness intÃƒÂ©zmÃƒÂ©nyeketÃ¢Â€Â. A vÃƒÂ¡laszadÃƒÂ³k legtÃƒÂ¶bbje a friss tÃ…Â‘kehÃƒÂºst vÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡roljÃƒÂ¡k, ezt kÃƒÂ¶vetik a konyhakÃƒÂ©sz ÃƒÂ©s a feldolgozott termÃƒÂ©kek. Ezen igÃƒÂ©nyeknek megfelelÃ…Â‘en kellene kialakÃƒÂ­tani a termÃƒÂ©kstruktÃƒÂºrÃƒÂ¡t a biohÃƒÂºst forgalmazÃƒÂ³ boltokban, hogy a vÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡rlÃƒÂ³ mindig megta-lÃƒÂ¡lja azt, amire szÃƒÂ¼ksÃƒÂ©ge van, ÃƒÂ©s az igÃƒÂ©nyeit kellÃ…Â‘kÃƒÂ©pp kielÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ­ti. A biotermÃƒÂ©kek elterjedÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©t leginkÃƒÂ¡bb gÃƒÂ¡tlÃƒÂ³ tÃƒÂ©nyezÃ…Â‘ a magasabb ÃƒÂ¡r. Ezt kom-penzÃƒÂ¡lni lehetne bevezetÃ…Â‘ akciÃƒÂ³s ÃƒÂ¡rakkal, ÃƒÂ©s a hÃƒÂ¡zhoz szÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡s szolgÃƒÂ¡ltatÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡val, amellyel idÃ…Â‘t ÃƒÂ©s energiÃƒÂ¡t takarÃƒÂ­thatnak meg az emberek. Egyre inkÃƒÂ¡bb meghatÃƒÂ¡rozÃƒÂ³ az eladhatÃƒÂ³sÃƒÂ¡g szempontjÃƒÂ¡bÃƒÂ³l a termÃƒÂ©k kÃƒÂ¼lsÃ…Â‘ megjelenÃƒÂ©se. AlapkÃƒÂ¶vetelmÃƒÂ©ny az esztÃƒÂ©tikus kÃƒÂ¼lsÃ…Â‘, ami viszont jelentÃ…Â‘sen befo-lyÃƒÂ¡solja az ÃƒÂ¡rat. KÃƒÂ­vÃƒÂ¡natos, hogy a termÃƒÂ©szetes eredetÃ…Â± csomagolÃƒÂ³anyagokat rÃƒÂ©-szesÃƒÂ­tsÃƒÂ©k a feldolgozÃƒÂ³k elÃ…Â‘nyben (pl. bÃƒÂ©lbe tÃƒÂ¶ltÃƒÂ©s tÃƒÂ¶ltelÃƒÂ©kes ÃƒÂ¡runÃƒÂ¡l). LÃƒÂ©tfontossÃƒÂ¡gÃƒÂº, hogy a hazai termelÃ…Â‘k minÃƒÂ©l gyorsabban ÃƒÂ©s nagyobb arÃƒÂ¡nyban cÃƒÂ©lozzÃƒÂ¡k meg termÃƒÂ©keikkel a magyar fogyasztÃƒÂ³i tÃƒÂ¡rsadalmat, mert ismÃƒÂ©t arra eszmÃƒÂ©lhetnek, hogy Ã¢Â€ÂžkiÃƒÂ©nekeltÃƒÂ©k a sajtot a szÃƒÂ¡jukbÃƒÂ³lÃ¢Â€Â, a kicsit fÃƒÂ¼rgÃƒÂ©bb, ru-galmasabb, a piacÃƒÂ©rt ÃƒÂ¡ldozni is hajlandÃƒÂ³ kÃƒÂ¼lfÃƒÂ¶ldiek. Az ÃƒÂ¶kolÃƒÂ³giai gazdÃƒÂ¡lkodÃƒÂ¡s tÃƒÂ©rnyerÃƒÂ©se akkor vÃƒÂ¡rhatÃƒÂ³, ha a termelÃ…Â‘i, forgalma-zÃƒÂ³i, fogyasztÃƒÂ³i oldalon gyÃƒÂ¶keres szemlÃƒÂ©letvÃƒÂ¡ltozÃƒÂ¡s kÃƒÂ¶vetkezik be. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Although a significant section of Hungarian consumers have heard of biopork and automatically identify it with Mangalica (an old Hungarian pig species), they have not as yet seen such products during shopping. This is peculiar to the domestic market. Marketing occurs through several channels, but shoppers do not have the proper information where to acquire bio-pork. (Only a small ratio of bioshops merchandise ecologically produced meat.) A primary task could be the dissemination of information, popularisation. In addition to healthy eating people should also be Ã¢Â€ÂœeducatedÃ¢Â€Â about the importance of environment. Following this, marketing channels could be developed (direct merchandising, eco-market, biocorners). We should target health institutions and catering units, such as the fashionable Ã¢Â€Âœwellness institutionsÃ¢Â€Â. The majority of responders buy fresh carcase meat and next kitchen ready and processed products. Product structure in bioshops should be constructed to satisfy these demands, so shoppers can always find the product meeting their demand. Higher price is a the factor that hinders most the spread of bioproducts. This can be to some extent compensated by introductory sales and home delivery that helps people to save time and energy. The outward appearance of a product is increasingly a factor that influences sale. An aesthetic appearance is a fundamental requirement that significantly affects price. The use of natural packaging materials is desirable (e.g. gut for stuffed goods). It is vital that as many domestic producers should target domestic consumers as soon as possible, or else small, more agile enterprising foreign producers will once again Ã¢Â€Âœsing the cheese out of their beaksÃ¢Â€Â. The wider spread of ecofarming can only be expected when the approach of producers, merchants and consumers radically alter.</abstract>
  <keywords>ÃƒÂ¶kolÃƒÂ³giai termelÃƒÂ©s, bio-sertÃƒÂ©shÃƒÂºs, fogyasztÃƒÂ³i vÃƒÂ©lemÃƒÂ©nyek, vÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡rlÃƒÂ³i szokÃƒÂ¡sok, ecological production, bio-pork, consumersÃ¢Â€Â™ views, shoppersÃ¢Â€Â™ behaviour, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Marketing,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>6</issue>
   <issuedate>2005</issuedate>
   <volume>49</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/54418</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Kiss, Csilla</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Vincze, Judit</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Tenk, Antal</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Paszthy, Gyorgy</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Toaso, Szilvia</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:54416</identifier><datestamp>2010-01-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:54416">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>AZ ÃƒÂ–KOMARKETING GYAKORLATI MEGVALÃƒÂ“SULÃƒÂSA AZ ÃƒÂ‰LELMISZER-GAZDASÃƒÂGBAN</title>
  <abstract>Az EurÃƒÂ³pai UniÃƒÂ³ba valÃƒÂ³ belÃƒÂ©pÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ¼nkkel a kÃƒÂ¶rnyezetvÃƒÂ©delem, a fenntarthatÃƒÂ³ fejlÃ…Â‘dÃƒÂ©s minden terÃƒÂ¼leten nagyobb hangsÃƒÂºlyt kap. KÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¶nÃƒÂ¶sen igaz ez az ÃƒÂ©lelmi-szer-gazdasÃƒÂ¡gra. Azok a kutatÃƒÂ¡sok is felÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kelÃ…Â‘dhetnek ennek tÃƒÂ¼krÃƒÂ©ben, amelyek a kÃƒÂ¶rnyezet-gazdasÃƒÂ¡gtan kÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¶nbÃƒÂ¶zÃ…Â‘ terÃƒÂ¼letein folynak. A szerzÃ…Â‘ ÃƒÂ©vek ÃƒÂ³ta foglalkozik az ÃƒÂ¶komarketing elmÃƒÂ©leti ÃƒÂ©s mÃƒÂ³dszertani kÃƒÂ©rdÃƒÂ©seivel, kutatÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡nak eredmÃƒÂ©nyeit kÃƒÂ©trÃƒÂ©szes tanulmÃƒÂ¡nyban adja kÃƒÂ¶zre. A tanulmÃƒÂ¡ny elsÃ…Â‘ rÃƒÂ©szÃƒÂ©ben arra vÃƒÂ¡llalkozott, hogy a nemzetkÃƒÂ¶zi szakirodalom alapjÃƒÂ¡n bemutassa az ÃƒÂ¶komarketing kutatÃƒÂ¡s fÃ…Â‘bb ÃƒÂ¡llomÃƒÂ¡sait, ÃƒÂºj irÃƒÂ¡nyzatait. A szerzÃ…Â‘ tanulmÃƒÂ¡nya kÃƒÂ©t cÃƒÂ©lt tÃ…Â±zÃƒÂ¶tt maga elÃƒÂ©. ElÃ…Â‘szÃƒÂ¶r azt kÃƒÂ­vÃƒÂ¡nja bizonyÃƒÂ­tani, hogy az ÃƒÂ©lelmiszer-gazdasÃƒÂ¡g mind inputjai, mind outputjai oldalÃƒÂ¡rÃƒÂ³l tekintve kÃƒÂ¶rnyezeti szempontbÃƒÂ³l figyelemremÃƒÂ©ltÃƒÂ³ terÃƒÂ¼let. MÃƒÂ¡sodszor kÃƒÂ­sÃƒÂ©rletet tesz arra, hogy megvizsgÃƒÂ¡lja: mikor ÃƒÂ©ri meg a vÃƒÂ¡llalatoknak kÃƒÂ¶rnyezetbarÃƒÂ¡t mÃƒÂ³don gaz-dÃƒÂ¡lkodni, ÃƒÂ¶komarketing stratÃƒÂ©giÃƒÂ¡kat kidolgozni ÃƒÂ©s megvalÃƒÂ³sÃƒÂ­tani? Az ÃƒÂ©lelmiszer-gazdasÃƒÂ¡g kÃƒÂ¶rnyezeti jelentÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©ge nemcsak mÃƒÂ©rÃƒÂ©sekkel igazolha-tÃƒÂ³, nemcsak a tÃƒÂ©mÃƒÂ¡val foglalkozÃƒÂ³ szakirodalombÃƒÂ³l derÃƒÂ¼l ki, hanem abbÃƒÂ³l is, hogy a nemzeti fenntarthatÃƒÂ³ fejlÃ…Â‘dÃƒÂ©si stratÃƒÂ©giÃƒÂ¡kban fontos szerepet szÃƒÂ¡nnak neki. A tanulmÃƒÂ¡nyban nÃƒÂ©met, osztrÃƒÂ¡k ÃƒÂ©s svÃƒÂ¡jci dokumentumokbÃƒÂ³l vett pÃƒÂ©ldÃƒÂ¡kat olvasha-tunk. A szerzÃ…Â‘ kÃƒÂ¶vetkeztetÃƒÂ©se: az ÃƒÂ¶komarketing feltÃƒÂ©teleit, alkalmazÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡nak lehe-tÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©geit az ÃƒÂ©lelmiszer-gazdasÃƒÂ¡gban ÃƒÂ©rdemes kutatni. A jelenlegi helyzet megismerÃƒÂ©se cÃƒÂ©ljÃƒÂ¡bÃƒÂ³l empirikus vizsgÃƒÂ¡latokat folytatott az ÃƒÂ‰szak-alfÃƒÂ¶ldi rÃƒÂ©giÃƒÂ³ tÃƒÂ©rsÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©ben, kÃƒÂ©t kÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¶nbÃƒÂ¶zÃ…Â‘ idÃ…Â‘pontban. A kÃƒÂ©rdÃ…Â‘ÃƒÂ­ves felmÃƒÂ©rÃƒÂ©-sek ÃƒÂ©s a mÃƒÂ©lyinterjÃƒÂºk eredmÃƒÂ©nyei alapjÃƒÂ¡n arra prÃƒÂ³bÃƒÂ¡l vÃƒÂ¡laszt adni, hogy vÃƒÂ¡lla-latvezetÃ…Â‘k vÃƒÂ©lemÃƒÂ©nye szerint, milyenek voltak pÃƒÂ¡r ÃƒÂ©vvel ezelÃ…Â‘tt, ÃƒÂ©s hogyan vÃƒÂ¡ltoz-tak meg mostanra az ÃƒÂ¶kolÃƒÂ³giai marketing esÃƒÂ©lyei az ÃƒÂ©lelmiszer-gazdasÃƒÂ¡gban? XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX With our accession to the European Union environmental protection, sustainable development receives increased emphasis in all areas. This is particularly true for food economy. In view of this approach researches carried out in various areas of environmental economy may have to be revalued. The author has for many years been engaged in studying the theoretical and methodological aspects of ecomarketing and she describes her finding in a two part report. In the first part she has on the basis of literature undertaken to outline the main stages of ecomarketing and its new trends. The author set out two objectives in her study. First she wishes to prove that the food industry with respect to both its inputs and outputs is worthy of attention from the point of view of the environment. Secondly she attempts to examine: when is it worth for enterprises to farm in an environmentally friendly way, to develop ecomarketing strategies and when to implement them? The environmental relevance of food economy may be justified not only by measurements or by the specialist literature, but also by the fact that it is given an important role in national strategies of sustainable development. German, Austrian and Swiss examples are cited in the study. The authorÃ¢Â€Â™s conclusion: it is well worth studying the conditions of ecomarketing and the prospects of its application in the food industry. To map out the present situation she is at present carrying out empirical investigations in the Northern Plain Region at two different times. On the basis of a questionnaire study and in depth interviews she is attempting to answer such question as: in the opinion of farm managers what have been the chances of ecological marketing in the food economy a few years ago and how have these chances changed in recent times?</abstract>
  <keywords>fenntarthatÃƒÂ³ marketing, ÃƒÂ©lelmiszer-gazdasÃƒÂ¡g, kÃƒÂ¶rnyezetbarÃƒÂ¡t gazdÃƒÂ¡lkodÃƒÂ¡s, kockÃƒÂ¡zat, jÃƒÂ¶vedelemtermelÃ…Â‘kÃƒÂ©pessÃƒÂ©g, sustainable marketing, food economy, environmentally friend farming, risks, income producing capability, Crop Production/Industries, Marketing,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>6</issue>
   <issuedate>2005</issuedate>
   <volume>49</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/54416</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Szolnoki-Gyozone Karkus, Maria</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:54320</identifier><datestamp>2010-01-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:54320">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>A MEZÃ…ÂGAZDASÃƒÂG FEJLESZTÃƒÂ‰SI LEHETÃ…ÂSÃƒÂ‰GEI MEGYEI VIZSGÃƒÂLATOK ALAPJÃƒÂN</title>
  <abstract>A vidÃƒÂ©kfejlesztÃƒÂ©si politika cÃƒÂ©lja az, hogy kihasznÃƒÂ¡lva az orszÃƒÂ¡g kedvezÃ…Â‘ ter-mÃƒÂ©szeti adottsÃƒÂ¡gait, a belfÃƒÂ¶ldi ÃƒÂ©s nemzetkÃƒÂ¶zi piacokon versenykÃƒÂ©pes mezÃ…Â‘gazda-sÃƒÂ¡g jÃƒÂ¶jjÃƒÂ¶n lÃƒÂ©tre, amely kÃƒÂ©pes jÃƒÂ³ minÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©gÃ…Â± alapanyagokkal ellÃƒÂ¡tni a feldolgozÃƒÂ³-ipart, tisztessÃƒÂ©ges ÃƒÂ©s kiszÃƒÂ¡mÃƒÂ­thatÃƒÂ³ jÃƒÂ¶vedelmet biztosÃƒÂ­t a gazdÃƒÂ¡lkodÃƒÂ³knak ÃƒÂ©s foko-zÃƒÂ³dÃƒÂ³ mÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kben figyelembe veszi a kÃƒÂ¶rnyezetvÃƒÂ©delem, valamint az egÃƒÂ©szsÃƒÂ©ges tÃƒÂ¡plÃƒÂ¡lkozÃƒÂ¡s kÃƒÂ¶vetelmÃƒÂ©nyeit. VizsgÃƒÂ¡lataink alapjÃƒÂ¡n megÃƒÂ¡llapÃƒÂ­thatÃƒÂ³, hogy a hatÃƒÂ©konysÃƒÂ¡gi kÃƒÂ¶vetelmÃƒÂ©nyhez igazodni kÃƒÂ©pes Ã¢Â€ÂžversenyszfÃƒÂ©raÃ¢Â€Â mellett lÃƒÂ©tezik a mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡gban egy korlÃƒÂ¡to-zottan versenykÃƒÂ©pes termelÃƒÂ©si rÃƒÂ©sz is. Ebbe tartoznak rÃƒÂ©szben olyan kismÃƒÂ©retÃ…Â± gazdÃƒÂ¡lkodÃƒÂ³ egysÃƒÂ©gek, amelyek inkÃƒÂ¡bb a tulajdonreform keretÃƒÂ©ben lÃƒÂ©trejÃƒÂ¶tt kÃƒÂ©nyszervÃƒÂ¡llalkozÃƒÂ¡snak tekintendÃ…Â‘k vagy jÃƒÂ¶vedelem kiegÃƒÂ©szÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©st szolgÃƒÂ¡lnak, rÃƒÂ©szben olyan gazdasÃƒÂ¡gok is, amelyek kedvezÃ…Â‘tlen termÃƒÂ©szeti ÃƒÂ©s fÃƒÂ¶ldrajzi adott-sÃƒÂ¡gok kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶tt kÃƒÂ©nytelenek gazdÃƒÂ¡lkodni. E korlÃƒÂ¡tozottan versenykÃƒÂ©pes gazdasÃƒÂ¡-gokkal kapcsolatban a szerkezetÃƒÂ¡talakÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡shoz vezetÃ…Â‘ ÃƒÂºt, illetve lehetÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©gek pÃƒÂ©l-datÃƒÂ¡ra is mÃƒÂ¡s, mint a versenykÃƒÂ©pes mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡g esetÃƒÂ©ben. A cÃƒÂ©l az, hogy sajÃƒÂ¡-tos tÃƒÂ¡mogatÃƒÂ¡si formÃƒÂ¡k jÃƒÂ¡ruljanak hozzÃƒÂ¡ a szociÃƒÂ¡lis gondok, a tÃƒÂºlzottan nagy jÃƒÂ¶-vedelemkÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¶nbsÃƒÂ©gek enyhÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©hez, illetve az intÃƒÂ©zkedÃƒÂ©sek hatÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡ra a kormÃƒÂ¡ny jÃƒÂ¡ruljon hozzÃƒÂ¡ a kÃƒÂ¶rnyezetbarÃƒÂ¡t mezÃ…Â‘gazdÃƒÂ¡lkodÃƒÂ¡s, a szociÃƒÂ¡lis foglalkoztatÃƒÂ¡s, il-letve az alternatÃƒÂ­v megÃƒÂ©lhetÃƒÂ©si formÃƒÂ¡k ÃƒÂ¶sztÃƒÂ¶nzÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©hez. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Making use of the countryÃ¢Â€Â™s advantageous natural endowments, the goal of regional development policy is the creation of a rural economy that is competitive on both national and international markets, which is able to supply the processing industry with good quality raw materials, guarantee a predictable income for the farmers and which increasingly takes into account the requirements of environmental protection and healthy nutrition. Based on our investigations, it can be stated that alongside the competitive sphere, which is able to adapt to efficiency requirements, there exists in the rural economy a production area of restricted competitiveness. This area includes partly those small scale production units, which in the context of property reform should in reality be considered Ã¢Â€Âœforced enterprisesÃ¢Â€Â, or which serve as income supplementation and partly those farms, which have to operate under unfavourable natural or geographical conditions. In regard to these farms with restricted competitiveness, the road to restructuring and the opportunity paradigms also differ from those for the competitive rural economy. The goal is for particular forms of support to contribute to the reduction of social problems and the excessive income gaps, as well as for the government, in response to the measures, to contribute to environmentally friendly farming, to social employment and to the stimulation of alternative forms of livelihood.</abstract>
  <keywords>vidÃƒÂ©kfejlesztÃƒÂ©s, kÃƒÂ©nyszervÃƒÂ¡llalkozÃƒÂ¡sok lehetÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©gei, jÃƒÂ¶vedelem kÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¶nbsÃƒÂ©g csÃƒÂ¶kkentÃƒÂ©s - opportunities of forced enterprises, rural development, decrease of income differences, Agricultural and Food Policy, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Political Economy,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>4</issue>
   <issuedate>2005</issuedate>
   <volume>49</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/54320</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Kaposzta, Jozsef</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Nagy, Henrietta</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:48087</identifier><datestamp>2010-01-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:48087">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>Application of decision support methods in preparation for a Hungarian bio-fuel programme</title>
  <abstract>Under current market circumstances and those predictable in the near future, further increasing agricultural production seems to be rather groundless. By utilising agro-ecological conditions more efficiently, one eighth of HungaryÃ¢Â€Â™s gasoline demand could be satisfied from maize production, without considerably decreasing current agricultural production for human and animal consumption. For realisation of biofuel programmes a relatively stable socio-economic environment is essential. There is considerable pressure on government from different stakeholders to shift the risks of large-scale investments to the state budget. In the long-run, under the conditions of a liberalised world market the feasibility of biofuel-programmes based on European raw materials, are highly questionable. To build up Ã¢Â€Âœshock-resistantÃ¢Â€Â projects, well-founded, simulation-based risk analysis is essential.</abstract>
  <keywords>agro-ecological potential, land usage, linear programming, deterministic modelling, multi-issue actor analysis, Agricultural and Food Policy, Research Methods/ Statistical Methods, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>22</issue>
   <issuedate>2008</issuedate>
   <volume>52</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/48087</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Lakner, Zoltan</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Vizvari, Bela</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:48094</identifier><datestamp>2010-01-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:48094">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>The possibilities of rural development and the potential role of hunting tourism in rural development</title>
  <abstract>Rural development is of great significance for the future of both the EU and Hungary. We must reduce migration, create new jobs and focus on sustainability and the principles and goals of environmental protection and nature conservation. For this reason, it is necessary to apply for EU project funding. EU priorities regarding rural development serve the creation of a Ã¢Â€Â˜liveable countrysideÃ¢Â€Â™. Rural development is connected to tourism that can help compensate for decreasing income from agriculture. Services related to hunting could achieve a significant role in the development of tourism as they can be harmonised with rural development and with rural and ecotourism. Hunting tourism and game management can be connected to several rural development goals, so it would be important to include them in applications for rural development project funding. Game management and hunting tourism could play a significant role in rural development as they are almost totally independent from geographical and other characteristics. Hunting tourism is only partly related to the present structure of tourism since the organisational tasks are carried out by hunting organisation agencies. Although the professional and organisational framework of hunting tourism is laid down, its marketing activities and quality standards should be improved. Hungarian hunting tourism plays a leading role in Europe. It is of special interest to all of us to protect and improve its position.</abstract>
  <keywords>rural development, tourism, game management, hunting tourism, marketing, Agricultural and Food Policy, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Land Economics/Use,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>22</issue>
   <issuedate>2008</issuedate>
   <volume>52</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/48094</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Marselek, Sandor</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Fabian, Gyula</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:54854</identifier><datestamp>2010-01-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:54854">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>A MAGYAR BOROK KOMPARATÃƒÂV ELÃ…ÂNYÃƒÂ‰NEK ÃƒÂ‰S PIACI RÃƒÂ‰SZESEDÃƒÂ‰S VÃƒÂLTOZÃƒÂSÃƒÂNAK VIZSGÃƒÂLATA AZ EU PIACÃƒÂN</title>
  <abstract>A kÃƒÂ¼lkereskedelmi versenykÃƒÂ©pessÃƒÂ©g mÃƒÂ©rÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©nek gyakran hasznÃƒÂ¡lt mÃƒÂ³dszere a mutatÃƒÂ³kkal tÃƒÂ¶rtÃƒÂ©nÃ…Â‘ ÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kelÃƒÂ©s. A kÃƒÂ¼lkereskedelmi versenykÃƒÂ©pessÃƒÂ©g ÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kelÃƒÂ©se meg-lehetÃ…Â‘sen vegyes kÃƒÂ©pet fest boraink helyzetÃƒÂ©rÃ…Â‘l. A megnyilvÃƒÂ¡nulÃƒÂ³ komparatÃƒÂ­v elÃ…Â‘ny a palackos borok kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶tt csak a fehÃƒÂ©r asztali, tÃƒÂ¡j kategÃƒÂ³riÃƒÂ¡ban tapasz-talhatÃƒÂ³, a minÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©gi boroknÃƒÂ¡l egyetlen esetben sem. A hordÃƒÂ³s kategÃƒÂ³riÃƒÂ¡ban is hasonlÃƒÂ³ a helyzet. A kivitel zÃƒÂ¶mÃƒÂ©t jelentÃ…Â‘ fehÃƒÂ©r asztali, tÃƒÂ¡j hordÃƒÂ³s kategÃƒÂ³ria megnyilvÃƒÂ¡nulÃƒÂ³ komparatÃƒÂ­v elÃ…Â‘nye egyÃƒÂ¡ltalÃƒÂ¡n nem szerencsÃƒÂ©s az ÃƒÂ¡gazat szempontjÃƒÂ¡bÃƒÂ³l, mivel az alacsony hozzÃƒÂ¡adott ÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©ket adÃƒÂ³ hordÃƒÂ³s bor magas export rÃƒÂ©szarÃƒÂ¡nyÃƒÂ¡t sejteti, holott ÃƒÂ©ppen a magas hozzÃƒÂ¡adott ÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©ket generÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ³ palackos borok esetÃƒÂ©ben lenne ez kedvezÃ…Â‘ az ÃƒÂ¡gazat szÃƒÂ¡mÃƒÂ¡ra. A fehÃƒÂ©r minÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©gi palackozott kivÃƒÂ©telÃƒÂ©vel minden termÃƒÂ©kcsoport esetÃƒÂ©ben a bÃƒÂ¡zisidÃ…Â‘szakhoz kÃƒÂ©pest csÃƒÂ¶kkent az export az EurÃƒÂ³pai UniÃƒÂ³ piacÃƒÂ¡n. Az exportcsÃƒÂ¶kkenÃƒÂ©s okai termÃƒÂ©kcsoportonkÃƒÂ©nt eltÃƒÂ©rÃ…Â‘ek, nem vezethetÃ…Â‘k vissza egy markÃƒÂ¡ns tÃƒÂ©nyezÃ…Â‘re. A piaci rÃƒÂ©szesedÃƒÂ©s elemzÃƒÂ©se alapjÃƒÂ¡n (CMS modell) vÃƒÂ©gzett versenykÃƒÂ©pessÃƒÂ©gi vizsgÃƒÂ¡latok eredmÃƒÂ©nyei is csak a fehÃƒÂ©r, minÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©gi palackozott borok esetÃƒÂ©ben mutatnak pozitÃƒÂ­v versenykÃƒÂ©pessÃƒÂ©gi hatÃƒÂ¡st, az ÃƒÂ¶sszes tÃƒÂ¶bbi kategÃƒÂ³riÃƒÂ¡nÃƒÂ¡l a versenykÃƒÂ©pessÃƒÂ©g hiÃƒÂ¡nyÃƒÂ¡val szembesÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¼nk. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX A frequently employed method to evaluate competitiveness in foreign trade is the use of indices. The evaluation of Hungarian winesÃ¢Â€Â™ competitiveness on foreign markets paints a rather mixed picture. Among bottled wines, a demonstrable comparative advantage can only be discerned for the white, bottled regional category, but never in the case of quality wines. The situation is similar in the case of barrelled wines. Exports are dominated by the barrelled, white, regional table wine category, whose demonstrable comparative advantage is unfortunate from the point of view of the sector as barrelled wines have low added-value, but represent a high proportion of total exports, which would be a far greater advantage in the case of the high added-value bottled wines. Compared with the base period, there has been a fall in export to the EU market in all categories, with the exception of quality, bottled, white wines. The reasons behind diminishing exports vary for each category and cannot be attributed to one particular factor. The investigations, based on an analysis of market share (CMS model), show positive competitiveness exclusively in the case of quality, bottled, white wines. In all other categories, we are faced with a lack of competitiveness.</abstract>
  <keywords>indikÃƒÂ¡torok, horÃƒÂ³ds ÃƒÂ©s palackozott borexport, piaci rÃƒÂ©szesedÃƒÂ©s elemzÃƒÂ©s, indices, barreled and bottled wine export, CSM model, Crop Production/Industries, International Relations/Trade,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>13</issue>
   <issuedate>2005</issuedate>
   <volume>49</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/54854</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Bozsik, Norbert</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:48095</identifier><datestamp>2010-01-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:48095">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>Examination of the value system and food preferences in the institutional catering market in light of primary research carried out in BÃƒÂ©kÃƒÂ©s county</title>
  <abstract>In my present paper I try to characterise the differences present at the level of food preferences by means of examining the value system as, in my opinion, differences in the value system are reflected in concrete product choices and thus also in food selection. By using factor and cluster analysis I have proven that consumer groups formed alongside the value system also differ regarding food consumption viewpoints. Furthermore, in my paper I also aim to characterise food preference as a determining factor of modes of daily eating. Based on the results, I have concluded that the impact of time-related preferences on food selection can be felt in consumersÃ¢Â€Â™ opinions, but cannot be regarded as dominant. In the system of food selection viewpoints, internal and external criteria related to quality still play an important role, while factors linked to price have a definite priority. Based on the results of the research I have also concluded that the order of preferences typical of food consumption determines the ranking of institutional catering alternatives.</abstract>
  <keywords>food consumption preferences, value system, factor analysis, cluster analysis, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Research Methods/ Statistical Methods,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>22</issue>
   <issuedate>2008</issuedate>
   <volume>52</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/48095</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Fodor, Monika</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:48098</identifier><datestamp>2010-01-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:48098">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>Environmental tax reform: experiences in Europe and possibilities in Hungary</title>
  <abstract>Due to aggravating environmental problems and the continued high rate of unemployment, the introduction of environmental tax reform has become a pressing issue. Adjustments in existing taxes are expected to have a positive impact on the environment and on employment figures. Several European countries have put the concept into practice. Hungary needs to step up as well and take part in the prevention of global environmental problems and slow down the depletion of natural resources.</abstract>
  <keywords>environmental protection, tax, budget, Agricultural and Food Policy, Agricultural Finance,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>22</issue>
   <issuedate>2008</issuedate>
   <volume>52</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/48098</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Sipos, Nikoletta</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:54316</identifier><datestamp>2009-11-13</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:54316">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>A TUDÃƒÂSCONTROLLING RENDSZER</title>
  <abstract>Az eurÃƒÂ³pai munkavÃƒÂ¡llalÃƒÂ³k kÃƒÂ©tharmada dolgozik a szolgÃƒÂ¡ltatÃƒÂ¡s-szektorban, melynek legdinamikusabban nÃƒÂ¶vekvÃ…Â‘ harmadÃƒÂ¡t a tudÃƒÂ¡salapÃƒÂº cÃƒÂ©gek alkotjÃƒÂ¡k. Az informÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³alapÃƒÂº versenyben a szemÃƒÂ©lyes-, illetve a szervezeti-tudÃƒÂ¡s mÃƒÂ³dszeres ÃƒÂ©s tudatos alkalmazÃƒÂ¡sa a siker kulcstÃƒÂ©nyezÃ…Â‘je. Egyre tÃƒÂ¶bb szellemi dolgozÃƒÂ³ kerÃƒÂ¼l a szervezetekbe, kiknek a munkakÃƒÂ¶re speciÃƒÂ¡lis problÃƒÂ©mÃƒÂ¡hoz, feladatkÃƒÂ¶rhÃƒÂ¶z kap-csolÃƒÂ³dik. Az informÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³-technolÃƒÂ³gia fejlÃ…Â‘dÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©nek egyik hatÃƒÂ¡sakÃƒÂ©nt a szellemi dolgozÃƒÂ³k egyre hangsÃƒÂºlyosabb szerepkÃƒÂ¶rbe kerÃƒÂ¼lnek a cÃƒÂ©geknÃƒÂ©l. Ã…Âk azok, akik adatokkal, illetve informÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³kkal dolgoznak ÃƒÂ©s teremtenek, osztanak meg tudÃƒÂ¡st a szervezet szÃƒÂ¡mÃƒÂ¡ra. A tanulmÃƒÂ¡ny a vÃƒÂ¡llalati tudÃƒÂ¡steremtÃ…Â‘, tudÃƒÂ¡sgondozÃƒÂ³, tu-dÃƒÂ¡smegosztÃƒÂ³ folyamat irÃƒÂ¡nyÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡nak egy mÃƒÂ³djÃƒÂ¡t mutatja be. MintÃƒÂ¡t ad a vÃƒÂ¡llala-ti tudÃƒÂ¡sszereplÃ…Â‘knek, vezetÃ…Â‘knek ÃƒÂ©s szellemi dolgozÃƒÂ³knak egyarÃƒÂ¡nt.</abstract>
  <keywords>tudÃƒÂ¡s alapÃƒÂº vÃƒÂ¡llalatok, informÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³s technolÃƒÂ³gia fejlÃ…Â‘dÃƒÂ©se, tudÃƒÂ¡steremtÃ…Â‘ mÃ…Â±kÃƒÂ¶dÃƒÂ©s - knowledge based enterprises, development of information technology, knowledge based operation, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies, Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>4</issue>
   <issuedate>2005</issuedate>
   <volume>49</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/54316</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Very, Zoltan</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:54304</identifier><datestamp>2009-11-13</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:54304">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>AZ ÃƒÂ–KOMARKETING SZEREPE, JELENTÃ…ÂSÃƒÂ‰GE</title>
  <abstract>Az ÃƒÂ¶komarketing az elmÃƒÂºlt ÃƒÂ©vek alatt jelentÃ…Â‘sen megvÃƒÂ¡ltozott. Kezdetben a kÃƒÂ¶rnyezetbarÃƒÂ¡t termÃƒÂ©kek marketingjÃƒÂ©t ÃƒÂ©rtettÃƒÂ©k alatta, majd a vÃƒÂ¡llalati stratÃƒÂ©gia elemÃƒÂ©vÃƒÂ© vÃƒÂ¡lt. Az utÃƒÂ³bbi ÃƒÂ©vek eredmÃƒÂ©nye az Ã¢Â€ÂžintegratÃƒÂ­vÃ¢Â€Â ÃƒÂ¶komarketing, amely a vÃƒÂ¡llalat olyan magatartÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡t jelenti, amikor a vÃƒÂ¡llalat a vevÃ…Â‘k jÃƒÂ³lÃƒÂ©tÃƒÂ©nek, egÃƒÂ©szsÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©nek biz-tosÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡n tÃƒÂºl alkalmazottaival, a tÃƒÂ¡rsadalommal szemben is felelÃ…Â‘ssÃƒÂ©get vÃƒÂ¡llal. A Ã¢Â€ÂžfenntarthatÃƒÂ³ marketingÃ¢Â€Â a fenntarthatÃƒÂ³ fejlÃ…Â‘dÃƒÂ©si stratÃƒÂ©giÃƒÂ¡k vÃƒÂ¡llalati meg-valÃƒÂ³sÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡ra koncentrÃƒÂ¡l. Egyes ÃƒÂ¡gazatok, vÃƒÂ¡llalatok kÃƒÂ¶rnyezeti ÃƒÂ©rintettsÃƒÂ©ge eltÃƒÂ©rÃ…Â‘. A minÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©shez az adott tevÃƒÂ©kenysÃƒÂ©g kÃƒÂ¶rnyezeti hatÃƒÂ¡sainak mÃƒÂ©rÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©re, ÃƒÂ©s annak ismeretÃƒÂ©re van szÃƒÂ¼ksÃƒÂ©g, hogy a jelentkezÃ…Â‘ kÃƒÂ¶rnyezeti problÃƒÂ©mÃƒÂ¡k megoldÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡t ki vÃƒÂ¡llalja fÃƒÂ¶l, ÃƒÂ©s milyen erÃ…Â‘s az ÃƒÂ©rdekÃƒÂ©rvÃƒÂ©nyesÃƒÂ­tÃ…Â‘ kÃƒÂ©pessÃƒÂ©ge. A kÃƒÂ¶rnyezeti problÃƒÂ©mÃƒÂ¡k rangsorolÃƒÂ¡-sa, megoldÃƒÂ¡suk ÃƒÂ¼temezÃƒÂ©se, a megfelelÃ…Â‘ marketingstratÃƒÂ©gia kivÃƒÂ¡lasztÃƒÂ¡sa a vÃƒÂ¡llalat szÃƒÂ¡mÃƒÂ¡ra fontos feladat, mert a mai kÃƒÂ¶rnyezeti gondok a holnap fÃ…Â‘ verseny-terÃƒÂ¼letei lehetnek. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX In the past years the concept of eco-marketing has changed significantly. To be-gin with it meant marketing environmentally friendly products, then the concept be-came a part of entrepreneurial strategy. Ã¢Â€ÂœIntegrativeÃ¢Â€Â eco-marketing is a recent modification meaning a company policy accepting responsibility for the protection of customersÃ¢Â€Â™ health and well-being, as well as that of their employees and society as a whole. The Ã¢Â€Âœsustainable marketingÃ¢Â€Â is an effort concentrating on the implementation of a sustainable development strategy for enterprises. The extent various agricultural branches and enterprises are affected by the environment varies. For the purpose of grading measurements of the environmental effects of a given operation are required and a knowledge of who accepts the responsibility for ameliorating any environ-mental damage and how effective is his/her/their enforcement capability. An impor-tant task for a company is to rank environmental problems, schedule their ameliora-tion and select the appropriate marketing strategy, because todayÃ¢Â€Â™s environmental problems could become tomorrowÃ¢Â€Â™s main area of competition.</abstract>
  <keywords>interaktÃƒÂ­v ÃƒÂ¶ko-marketing, vÃƒÂ¡llalati magatartÃƒÂ¡s, kÃƒÂ¶rnyezeti problÃƒÂ©mÃƒÂ¡k kezelÃƒÂ©se - interactive - ecomarketing, organizational behaviuor, management of environmental problems, Environmental Economics and Policy, Institutional and Behavioral Economics,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>3</issue>
   <issuedate>2005</issuedate>
   <volume>49</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/54304</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Szolnoki-Karkus, Maria</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:54413</identifier><datestamp>2009-11-13</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:54413">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>FACTORING, A TOOL FOR TRADE FINANCING</title>
  <abstract>Farmers and traders of agricultural and food industry products on the domestic and external markets have recently became familiar with a new financial expression. Factoring, as a tool for commercial financing, provides attractive benefits to suppliers, and has now been integrated into state subsidy programs. Yet many people often mistakenly identify factoring with the purchase of overdue receivables, or simply use it to resolve sudden or one-off liquidity problems. But this activity really comes into its own in providing genuine benefits when it is used as a long-term technical solution for financing. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX GazdÃƒÂ¡lkodÃƒÂ³k, illetve a mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi ÃƒÂ©s ÃƒÂ©lelmiszeripari termÃƒÂ©kekkel bel- ÃƒÂ©s kÃƒÂ¼lpiacon kereskedÃ…Â‘k is ÃƒÂºj pÃƒÂ©nzÃƒÂ¼gyi kifejezÃƒÂ©ssel ismerkednek meg az utÃƒÂ³bbi idÃ…Â‘ben. A faktoring mint kereskedelem-finanszÃƒÂ­rozÃƒÂ¡si eszkÃƒÂ¶z rendkÃƒÂ­vÃƒÂ¼li elÃ…Â‘nyÃƒÂ¶-ket biztosÃƒÂ­t a szÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ³k szÃƒÂ¡mÃƒÂ¡ra, sÃ…Â‘t mÃƒÂ¡r ÃƒÂ¡llami tÃƒÂ¡mogatÃƒÂ¡si programokba is be-ÃƒÂ©pÃƒÂ¼lt. A faktoringot ugyanakkor sokan tÃƒÂ©vesen a lejÃƒÂ¡rt kÃƒÂ¶vetelÃƒÂ©sek megvÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡rlÃƒÂ¡-sÃƒÂ¡val azonosÃƒÂ­tjÃƒÂ¡k, vagy egyszeri, hirtelen felmerÃƒÂ¼lÃ…Â‘ likviditÃƒÂ¡si problÃƒÂ©ma megol-dÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡ra hasznÃƒÂ¡ljÃƒÂ¡k. IgazÃƒÂ¡n jÃƒÂ³tÃƒÂ©kony hatÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡t pedig ez a tevÃƒÂ©kenysÃƒÂ©g akkor fejti ki, ha hosszÃƒÂº tÃƒÂ¡vÃƒÂº finanszÃƒÂ­rozÃƒÂ¡si technikakÃƒÂ©nt alkalmazzÃƒÂ¡k.</abstract>
  <keywords>financial alternatives in agriculture, low rate of factoring, finanszÃƒÂ­rozÃƒÂ¡si lehetÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©gek a mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡gban, faktoring alacsony jelenlÃƒÂ©te, Agricultural and Food Policy, Agricultural Finance,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>12</issue>
   <issuedate>2005</issuedate>
   <volume>49</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/54413</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Tegla, Imre</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:54417</identifier><datestamp>2009-11-13</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:54417">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>VÃƒÂLTOZÃƒÂSOK ELÃ…ÂTT AZ UNIÃƒÂ“S GABONAPIAC</title>
  <abstract>A gabonaÃƒÂ¡gazat az uniÃƒÂ³s agrÃƒÂ¡rrendszer meghatÃƒÂ¡rozÃƒÂ³ tÃƒÂ©nyezÃ…Â‘je a KAP meg-alakulÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡tÃƒÂ³l kezdve. A tÃƒÂ¶bb ÃƒÂ©vtizede fennÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ³ tÃƒÂ¡mogatÃƒÂ¡si politika azonban ma-napsÃƒÂ¡g a WTO tÃƒÂ¡rgyalÃƒÂ¡sok ÃƒÂ©s a belsÃ…Â‘ problÃƒÂ©mÃƒÂ¡k miatt megdÃ…Â‘lni lÃƒÂ¡tszik, vÃƒÂ¡lto-zÃƒÂ¡sra kÃƒÂ©nyszerÃƒÂ­tve az ÃƒÂ¡gazati szereplÃ…Â‘ket. A legÃƒÂºjabb reformtervek kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ©ppont-jÃƒÂ¡ban az exporttÃƒÂ¡mogatÃƒÂ¡sok megszÃƒÂ¼ntetÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©nek gondolata ÃƒÂ¡ll, amelynek hatÃƒÂ¡sai hosszÃƒÂº tÃƒÂ¡von jelentkeznek. A cikk cÃƒÂ©lja, hogy bemutassa, milyen dÃƒÂ¶ntÃƒÂ©si lehetÃ…Â‘-sÃƒÂ©gei vannak egy ilyen tervezet kapcsÃƒÂ¡n az EurÃƒÂ³pai UniÃƒÂ³nak ÃƒÂ©s azok milyen kÃƒÂ¶-vetkezmÃƒÂ©nyekkel jÃƒÂ¡rhatnak. A tanulmÃƒÂ¡ny alapjÃƒÂ¡n az EurÃƒÂ³pai UniÃƒÂ³ szÃƒÂ¡mÃƒÂ¡ra a gabonapiacon elmÃƒÂ©letileg hÃƒÂ¡rom fÃ…Â‘ dÃƒÂ¶ntÃƒÂ©si lehetÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©g kÃƒÂ­nÃƒÂ¡lkozik, ezek kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¼l a cikk vÃƒÂ©gkÃƒÂ¶vetkeztetÃƒÂ©se szerint azonban csak egyetlen ÃƒÂºt a fokozatos haladÃƒÂ¡s poli-tikÃƒÂ¡ja jÃƒÂ¡rhatÃƒÂ³! Nem kÃƒÂ©rdÃƒÂ©ses, hogy minden vÃƒÂ¡ltoztatÃƒÂ¡s hosszÃƒÂº idÃ…Â‘vel ÃƒÂ©s nem kis ÃƒÂ¡ldozatokkal jÃƒÂ¡r. A megfelelÃ…Â‘ lÃƒÂ©pÃƒÂ©s azonban nemcsak az EU-15-ÃƒÂ¶knek, hanem az ÃƒÂºjonnan csatlakozott orszÃƒÂ¡goknak is elÃ…Â‘nyÃƒÂ¶s megoldÃƒÂ¡st jelentene, mivel azok versenykÃƒÂ©pessÃƒÂ©gi ÃƒÂ©s piacra lÃƒÂ©pÃƒÂ©si esÃƒÂ©lyeit is javÃƒÂ­tanÃƒÂ¡. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX The cereal section of the EU agricultural system is a decisive factor ever since the conception of CAP. The present support policy of several decades standing seems to be tottering in these days due to WTO negotiations and internal problems, enforcing changes upon the section participants. In the centre of latest reform plans is the abolition of ex-port subsidies, whose effects would only be felt long term. In this article we aim to describe the possible policy decisions available to the EU with respect to such plans and their consequences. According to our study theoretically the EU has three options in decision making with respect to the cereal market, but only one of these, the policy of gradual change over is feasible. Undoubtedly all changes take a long time to accomplish at not insignificant costs. An appropriate decision may help not only the original 15 members of EU but also the newly joined members as it would help to improve competitiveness and the chances of entry onto the market place.</abstract>
  <keywords>EU-gabonapiac, WTO-tÃƒÂ¡rgyalÃƒÂ¡sok, exporttÃƒÂ¡mogatÃƒÂ¡sok, intervenciÃƒÂ³, EU cereal market, WTO negotiation, export support, intervention, Agribusiness, Crop Production/Industries, International Relations/Trade,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>6</issue>
   <issuedate>2005</issuedate>
   <volume>49</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/54417</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Jambor, Attila</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:54860</identifier><datestamp>2009-11-13</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:54860">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>MUSTÃƒÂR FAJTAKISÃƒÂ‰RLET EREDMÃƒÂ‰NYEI</title>
  <abstract>A 2003-as ÃƒÂ©v idÃ…Â‘jÃƒÂ¡rÃƒÂ¡sa nem kedvezett a mustÃƒÂ¡r nÃƒÂ¶vekedÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©nek, fejlÃ…Â‘dÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©nek. A hosszÃƒÂº hideg tÃƒÂ©li idÃ…Â‘jÃƒÂ¡rÃƒÂ¡s utÃƒÂ¡n szinte ÃƒÂ¡tmenet nÃƒÂ©lkÃƒÂ¼l bekÃƒÂ¶szÃƒÂ¶ntÃ…Â‘ forrÃƒÂ³sÃƒÂ¡g ÃƒÂ©s aszÃƒÂ¡ly miatt csak szerÃƒÂ©ny termÃƒÂ©seket tudtunk betakarÃƒÂ­tani (0,3-0,4 t/ha). A fajtÃƒÂ¡k ÃƒÂ¶sszehasonlÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡ban mindhÃƒÂ¡rom vetÃƒÂ©sidÃ…Â‘ esetÃƒÂ©ben a Zlata fajta bi-zonyult a legjobbnak. A BudakalÃƒÂ¡szi sÃƒÂ¡rga standard fajta a kÃƒÂ­sÃƒÂ©rleti ÃƒÂ¡tlagnak megfelelÃ…Â‘ 0,35 t/ha kÃƒÂ¶rÃƒÂ¼li termÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ¡tlagot produkÃƒÂ¡lt. A vetÃƒÂ©sidÃ…Â‘ kÃƒÂ­sÃƒÂ©rletben a mÃƒÂ¡rcius vÃƒÂ©gei (03.28.) vetÃƒÂ©s volt a legjobb. A tÃƒÂºl korai vetÃƒÂ©s miatt a kelÃƒÂ©s elhÃƒÂºzÃƒÂ³dik ÃƒÂ©s az ÃƒÂ¡llomÃƒÂ¡ny egyenetlennÃƒÂ© vÃƒÂ¡lik. MegkÃƒÂ©sett vetÃƒÂ©s esetÃƒÂ©n a virÃƒÂ¡gzÃƒÂ¡s ÃƒÂ©s termÃƒÂ©skÃƒÂ©pzÃƒÂ©s az aszÃƒÂ¡lyos idÃ…Â‘szakra tolÃƒÂ³dik ÃƒÂ©s csÃƒÂ¶kken a termÃƒÂ©sbiztonsÃƒÂ¡g. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX The 2003 weather conditions did not favour the growth and development of mustard. As a result of the long, cold winter, followed almost without transition by torrid heat and drought, we were able to harvest only very modest crops (0.3-0.4 tonnes/ha.). In a comparison of types, the Zlata variety proved to be the best in all three sowing periods. The standard, yellow BudakalÃƒÂ¡sz variety produced an average yield of 0.35 tonnes/ha, in keeping with the average for the experiment. As for sowing periods, the late March (28.03) sowing was the most successful. Early sowing results in long-drawn-out sprouting and produces an uneven stand. In the case of late sowing, flowering and crop growth is shifted into the drought period, reducing the reliability of the harvest.</abstract>
  <keywords>ÃƒÂºj nÃƒÂ¶vÃƒÂ©ny, termesztÃƒÂ©stechnolÃƒÂ³gia, new potentila crop, new technology, Crop Production/Industries,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>13</issue>
   <issuedate>2005</issuedate>
   <volume>49</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/54860</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Szabo, Lajos</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Fodor, Laszlo</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:54334</identifier><datestamp>2009-11-13</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:54334">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>A MAGYARORSZÃƒÂGI RÃƒÂ‰GIÃƒÂ“K BÃƒÂšZA- ÃƒÂ‰S KUKORICATERMELÃƒÂ‰SÃƒÂ‰NEK FÃ…ÂBB JELLEMZÃ…ÂI</title>
  <abstract>A vizsgÃƒÂ¡latok feltÃƒÂ¡rtÃƒÂ¡k az egyes rÃƒÂ©giÃƒÂ³k gabonatermelÃƒÂ©se kÃƒÂ¶zti kÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¶nbsÃƒÂ©ge-ket, kÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¶nÃƒÂ¶s tekintettel a vetÃƒÂ©sterÃƒÂ¼letek, hozamok ÃƒÂ©s az ÃƒÂ¡rbevÃƒÂ©telek alakulÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡ra. MegÃƒÂ¡llapÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡st nyert, hogy: Ã¢Â€Â¢ A legjelentÃ…Â‘sebb bÃƒÂºzatermelÃ…Â‘ rÃƒÂ©giÃƒÂ³ink a DÃƒÂ©l-DunÃƒÂ¡ntÃƒÂºl ÃƒÂ©s a DÃƒÂ©l-AlfÃƒÂ¶ld. MindkÃƒÂ©t rÃƒÂ©giÃƒÂ³ban az ÃƒÂ¶sszes betakarÃƒÂ­tott termÃƒÂ©smennyisÃƒÂ©g ÃƒÂ©s a termÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ¡tlag is meghaladta a tÃƒÂ¶bbi rÃƒÂ©giÃƒÂ³ eredmÃƒÂ©nyeit a vizsgÃƒÂ¡lt idÃ…Â‘szakban. Ã¢Â€Â¢ A kukorica esetÃƒÂ©ben is a DÃƒÂ©l-DunÃƒÂ¡ntÃƒÂºli RÃƒÂ©giÃƒÂ³ a meghatÃƒÂ¡rozÃƒÂ³, 2004-ben 11%-kal tÃƒÂ¶bbet takarÃƒÂ­tottak be az ÃƒÂ‰szak-AlfÃƒÂ¶ld termelÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©nÃƒÂ©l ÃƒÂ©s kÃƒÂ¶zel hÃƒÂ©tszer tÃƒÂ¶bbet a legalacsonyabb termÃƒÂ©seredmÃƒÂ©nyÃ…Â± KÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ©p-MagyaroszÃƒÂ¡gÃƒÂ©nÃƒÂ¡l. A termÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ¡t-lagok szintÃƒÂ©n a dÃƒÂ©l-dunÃƒÂ¡ntÃƒÂºli rÃƒÂ©giÃƒÂ³ban voltak a legmagasabbak a vizsgÃƒÂ¡lt idÃ…Â‘-szakban. Ã¢Â€Â¢ A rÃƒÂ©giÃƒÂ³k termÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ¡tlagai Ã¢Â€Â“ az egyes rÃƒÂ©giÃƒÂ³k eltÃƒÂ©rÃ…Â‘ termesztÃƒÂ©stechnolÃƒÂ³giÃƒÂ¡ja, inputfelhasznÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ¡sa ÃƒÂ©s ÃƒÂ¶kolÃƒÂ³giai adottsÃƒÂ¡gai kÃƒÂ¶vetkeztÃƒÂ©ben Ã¢Â€Â“ kÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¶nbÃƒÂ¶zÃ…Â‘ek. Ã¢Â€Â¢ A gazdasÃƒÂ¡gok ÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kesÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©bÃ…Â‘l szÃƒÂ¡rmazÃƒÂ³ hektÃƒÂ¡ronkÃƒÂ©nti nettÃƒÂ³ ÃƒÂ¡rbevÃƒÂ©tel ÃƒÂ©s ezen belÃƒÂ¼l a gabonafÃƒÂ©lÃƒÂ©k eladÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡bÃƒÂ³l befolyÃƒÂ³ nettÃƒÂ³ ÃƒÂ¡rbevÃƒÂ©tel a legnagyobb gabo-natermelÃ…Â‘ rÃƒÂ©giÃƒÂ³, a DÃƒÂ©l-DunÃƒÂ¡ntÃƒÂºl gazdasÃƒÂ¡gaiban alakult a legkedvezÃ…Â‘bben 2001-2003 kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶tt. Ã¢Â€Â¢ A belpiacon tÃƒÂ¶rtÃƒÂ©nÃ…Â‘ ÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kesÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©s mind a kÃƒÂ©t nÃƒÂ¶vÃƒÂ©ny (bÃƒÂºza, kukorica) esetÃƒÂ©-ben jÃƒÂ¶vedelmezÃ…Â‘ volt 2001-ben, de 2002-2003-ban mÃƒÂ¡r csak a kukorica belpiaci ÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kesÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©se eredmÃƒÂ©nyezett nyeresÃƒÂ©get a termelÃ…Â‘knek. A 2004. ÃƒÂ©vi rekordtermÃƒÂ©st kÃƒÂ¶vetÃ…Â‘en vÃƒÂ¡rhatÃƒÂ³an a jÃƒÂ¶vÃ…Â‘ben is felesleget terme-lÃƒÂ¼nk bÃƒÂºzÃƒÂ¡bÃƒÂ³l ÃƒÂ©s kukoricÃƒÂ¡bÃƒÂ³l, ezÃƒÂ©rt rendkÃƒÂ­vÃƒÂ¼l fontos lenne az: Ã¯Â‚Â§ IntervenciÃƒÂ³s felvÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡rlÃƒÂ¡s infrastrukturÃƒÂ¡lis hÃƒÂ¡tterÃƒÂ©nek megteremtÃƒÂ©se (ÃƒÂºj raktÃƒÂ¡rak lÃƒÂ©tesÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©se, logisztika fejlesztÃƒÂ©se). Ã¯Â‚Â§ InformÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³ÃƒÂ¡ramlÃƒÂ¡s javÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sa. Ã¯Â‚Â§ TermelÃƒÂ©s korszerÃ…Â±sÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©se (fÃƒÂ©mzÃƒÂ¡rolt vetÃ…Â‘mag, megfelelÃ…Â‘ tÃƒÂ¡panyagellÃƒÂ¡tÃƒÂ¡s, gÃƒÂ©pesÃƒÂ­tettsÃƒÂ©g fokozÃƒÂ¡sa). Ã¯Â‚Â§ Technikai, mÃ…Â±szaki fejlesztÃƒÂ©sek (pl. az elÃƒÂ¶regedett, jelentÃ…Â‘s tÃƒÂ¶bbletrÃƒÂ¡fordÃƒÂ­-tÃƒÂ¡st igÃƒÂ©nylÃ…Â‘ gÃƒÂ©ppark cserÃƒÂ©je). Ã¯Â‚Â§ TermelÃ…Â‘i szervezÃ…Â‘dÃƒÂ©sek lÃƒÂ©trehozÃƒÂ¡sa (pl. a marketing erÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©se ÃƒÂ©s a sikere-sebb ÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kesÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©s ÃƒÂ©rdekÃƒÂ©ben). Ã¯Â‚Â§ PiacorientÃƒÂ¡lt minÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©gi termelÃƒÂ©si programok ÃƒÂ¶sztÃƒÂ¶nzÃƒÂ©se. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX The investigations revealed differences between the corn production of vari-ous regions with special respect to the development of sowing fields, output and income. It can be concluded: Ã¢Â€Â¢ The most significant wheat producing regions are Southern DunÃƒÂ¡ntÃƒÂºl and Southern Plain. In both regions the amounts of crop harvested and average out-puts exceeded those of other regions during the period investigated. Ã¢Â€Â¢ In the case of maize the Southern DunÃƒÂ¡ntÃƒÂºl is the key region, harvesting in 2004 11% more than the Northern Plain and nearly seven times more than the Central Hungarian region that produced the lowest output. Average production values were also the highest in the Southern DunÃƒÂ¡ntÃƒÂºl region. Ã¢Â€Â¢ Average production values in the regions differ because of differing pro-duction technologies, input use and ecological resources. Ã¢Â€Â¢ The net income per hectare from farm marketing and within this the net income from the sale of cereals between 2001-2003 were the most favourable in Southern DunÃƒÂ¡ntÃƒÂºl, which was the largest cereal producing region. Ã¢Â€Â¢ Merchandising on the internal market was profitable for both plants (wheat, maize) in 2001, whereas in the period between 2002-2003 only the sale of maize resulted in profits for the growers. Following the record harvest in 2004, in future we shall probably produce wheat and maize in excess of home demand, therefore it would extraordinarily important to: Ã¯Â‚Â§ Establish the infra-structural background to intervention buying (build new depots, develop the logistics) Ã¯Â‚Â§ Improve flow of information Ã¯Â‚Â§ Modernise production (sealed sowing seeds, adequate feedstuff provision, increased mechanisation). Ã¯Â‚Â§ Develop techniques and technology (e.g. replacement of outdated machin-ery parks requiring excessive maintenance cost). Ã¯Â‚Â§ Create producersÃ¢Â€Â™ associations (e.g. for strengthening marketing and suc-cessful sales). Ã¯Â‚Â§ Encourage programs for market oriented quality production.</abstract>
  <keywords>rÃƒÂ©giÃƒÂ³, bÃƒÂºza, kukorica, rekordtermÃƒÂ©s, ÃƒÂ¡rbevÃƒÂ©tel - regions, wheat, maize, record harvest, income, Agribusiness, Crop Production/Industries, Demand and Price Analysis,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>5</issue>
   <issuedate>2005</issuedate>
   <volume>49</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/54334</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Hingyi, Hajnalka</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:54422</identifier><datestamp>2009-11-13</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:54422">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>A JAPÃƒÂN GAZDASÃƒÂG NÃƒÂ‰HÃƒÂNY JELLEGZETESSÃƒÂ‰GE A XXI. SZÃƒÂZAD FORDULÃƒÂ“JÃƒÂN</title>
  <abstract>JapÃƒÂ¡n ÃƒÂ©s a TÃƒÂ¡vol-Kelet ÃƒÂ©vtizedeken keresztÃƒÂ¼l a vilÃƒÂ¡g egyÃƒÂ©b tÃƒÂ©rsÃƒÂ©geinek csodÃƒÂ¡-latÃƒÂ¡t vÃƒÂ­vta ki elsÃ…Â‘sorban az ÃƒÂ¡tlagot meghaladÃƒÂ³, gyors gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi nÃƒÂ¶vekedÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©vel. Az 1990-es ÃƒÂ©vekben a korÃƒÂ¡bbi Ã¢Â€Âžkeleti motorÃ¢Â€Â-kÃƒÂ©nt tekintett JapÃƒÂ¡n gazdasÃƒÂ¡ga kÃƒÂ¼-lÃƒÂ¶nleges helyzetbe kerÃƒÂ¼lt: a nÃƒÂ¶vekedÃƒÂ©s nagy mÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kben lecsÃƒÂ¶kkent, sÃ…Â‘t hosszÃƒÂº idÃ…Â‘n keresztÃƒÂ¼l alapvetÃ…Â‘en stagnÃƒÂ¡lt, az ÃƒÂ¡ltalÃƒÂ¡nosan jellemzÃ…Â‘ inflÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³t deflÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³ vÃƒÂ¡ltotta fel. Ezek a jelensÃƒÂ©gek ÃƒÂºjbÃƒÂ³l felkeltettÃƒÂ©k a szakemberek ÃƒÂ©rdeklÃ…Â‘dÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©t a japÃƒÂ¡n gazdasÃƒÂ¡g irÃƒÂ¡nt, egyfelÃ…Â‘l az elÃ…Â‘ÃƒÂ¡llt helyzet okainak feltÃƒÂ¡rÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡ra, mÃƒÂ¡sfelÃ…Â‘l a megol-dÃƒÂ¡sok keresÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©re. A japÃƒÂ¡n gazdasÃƒÂ¡g megÃƒÂºjulÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡nak feltÃƒÂ©teleit dÃƒÂ¶ntÃ…Â‘en azok a tÃƒÂ©-nyezÃ…Â‘k hatÃƒÂ¡rozzÃƒÂ¡k meg, amelyek az elmÃƒÂºlt tÃƒÂ­z ÃƒÂ©vben a gyengÃƒÂ©lkedÃƒÂ©s okaikÃƒÂ©nt je-lÃƒÂ¶lhetÃ…Â‘k meg, mint pl. a hosszÃƒÂº ideig tartÃƒÂ³ deflÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³ kÃƒÂ¶zgazdasÃƒÂ¡gi ÃƒÂ¡rai: a deflÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³ kÃƒÂ¶vetkeztÃƒÂ©ben lecsÃƒÂ¶kkent belsÃ…Â‘ megtakarÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sok, az ennek kÃƒÂ¶vetkeztÃƒÂ©ben meg-torpant beruhÃƒÂ¡zÃƒÂ¡sok, a lakossÃƒÂ¡gi kereslet stagnÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ¡sa; vagy a kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶ssÃƒÂ©gi (kor-mÃƒÂ¡nyzati) kÃƒÂ¶ltekezÃƒÂ©s gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi hatÃƒÂ©konysÃƒÂ¡got nem nÃƒÂ¶velÃ…Â‘ jellege, a kÃƒÂ¼lkereske-delem aktÃƒÂ­v mÃƒÂ©rlegÃƒÂ©nek csÃƒÂ¶kkenÃƒÂ©se, a nem megfelelÃ…Â‘ tÃ…Â‘kekihelyezÃƒÂ©sek, a pÃƒÂ©nz-ÃƒÂ¼gyi ÃƒÂ©s gazdasÃƒÂ¡gpolitikai reformok elmaradÃƒÂ¡sa. MegÃƒÂ¡llapÃƒÂ­thatÃƒÂ³ az is, hogy a ja-pÃƒÂ¡n agribusiness ebben a megÃƒÂºjulÃƒÂ¡si, megÃƒÂ©lÃƒÂ©nkÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ©si folyamatban nem fog pozitÃƒÂ­v szerepet jÃƒÂ¡tszani, sÃ…Â‘t inkÃƒÂ¡bb a tovÃƒÂ¡bbi gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi nehÃƒÂ©zsÃƒÂ©gek egyik forrÃƒÂ¡sa lesz. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX For decades Japan and the Far-East achieved the admiration of the rest of the world primarily for their above average, rapid economic development. In the 1990Ã¢Â€Â™s the Japanese economy so far consider as the engine of the east moved into a peculiar position: growth has declined to a large extent, even stagnated for an extended period of time and general inflation has been replaced by deflation. These phenomena have once again focused expert attention on the Japanese economy in trying to understand the causes and find remedies. The renewal of JapanÃ¢Â€Â™s economic conditions is determined decisively by the factors that in the past decade have been considered the causes of malaise, e.g. the economic prices of deflation for an extended period: decline of domestic savings due to deflation, therefore faltering investments, stagnating domestic consumption, communal (government) spending unaffecting (not increasing) the efficiency of economy, declining balance of payments in foreign trading, inappropriate foreign investments, and neglect of economic reforms. It would appear the Japanese agri-business will not play a positive part in the process of renewal, rather it will be a source of further economic difficulties.</abstract>
  <keywords>gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi nÃƒÂ¶vekedÃƒÂ©s, deflÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³, mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi termelÃƒÂ©s, farmjÃƒÂ¶vedelmek, ÃƒÂ©lelmiszerfogyasztÃƒÂ¡s, economic growth, deflation, agricultural production, farm incomes, food consumption, Agribusiness, Agricultural and Food Policy, International Relations/Trade,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>6</issue>
   <issuedate>2005</issuedate>
   <volume>49</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/54422</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Tompe, Ferenc</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:54409</identifier><datestamp>2009-11-13</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:54409">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>THE PRESENT STATE AND PROSPECTS OF HUNGARIAN GOOSE FARMS AFTER EU ACCESSION</title>
  <abstract>Hungary has centuries-old goose-breeding traditions. Fat goose-liver takes a high-ranking place in the line of so-called Ã¢Â€ÂžHungaricumsÃ¢Â€Â (i.e. typically Hungar-ian products). Its meat is particularly favoured on MÃƒÂ¡rtonÃ¢Â€Â™s-day especially in the countryside. Hungary produces 1,800-1,900 tons of fat goose-liver every year. About 75% of the production is exported generating an income of 30-35 million USD per year. Several goose-products (such as breast and thigh) represent an increasing pro-portion of exported poultry products in the last few years. The future production of Hungarian goose-liver will be determined by export-prices, but the Animal Protection Act in the EU will also have some influence on the operations of this sector. Typically in Europe there is a growing antagonism against forced feeding of animals. The report of the Animal Protection Scientific Committee of the EU disapproves the practise of forced feeding in goose keeping. According to Ã¢Â€ÂžThe draft recommendation to goose-keepingÃ¢Â€Â the practise of the forced feeding is to be banned within 15 years. Our main objective was to develop and propose a variety of solutions to this problem to the people engaged in producing fat goose-liver. As the export market of fat goose-liver may be restricted in future, the widening of Hungarian market opportunities for the products of goose farms should be considered. In addition to stimulating domestic consumption it would be useful to promote the sale of goose-products, which have been popular in the past. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX MagyarorszÃƒÂ¡gon a lÃƒÂºdtartÃƒÂ¡snak ÃƒÂ©vszÃƒÂ¡zados hagyomÃƒÂ¡nyai vannak. A hÃƒÂ­zott libamÃƒÂ¡j elÃ…Â‘kelÃ…Â‘ helyet foglal el az ÃƒÂºgynevezett hungaricumok sorÃƒÂ¡ban. A lÃƒÂºdhÃƒÂºs pedig Ã¢Â€Â“nem csak MÃƒÂ¡rton-nap tÃƒÂ¡jÃƒÂ¡n- kedvelt pecsenye, fÃ…Â‘leg faluhelyen. Az ÃƒÂ©vente termelt 1800-1900 tonna hÃƒÂ­zott libamÃƒÂ¡j 75-80 %-ÃƒÂ¡t exportÃƒÂ¡ljuk, az ebbÃ…Â‘l befolyt ÃƒÂ¶sszeg ÃƒÂ©vente 30-35 milliÃƒÂ³ eurÃƒÂ³ ÃƒÂ¡rbevÃƒÂ©telt biztosÃƒÂ­t MagyarorszÃƒÂ¡gnak. Az exportÃƒÂ¡lt baromfitermÃƒÂ©kek ÃƒÂ¶sszvolumenÃƒÂ©n belÃƒÂ¼l az utÃƒÂ³bbi ÃƒÂ©vekben egyre nagyobb arÃƒÂ¡nyt kÃƒÂ©pviselnek a vÃƒÂ­ziszrÃƒÂ¡nyasokbÃƒÂ³l kÃƒÂ©szÃƒÂ¼lt kÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¶nfÃƒÂ©le termÃƒÂ©kek (li-bamell, -comb stb.). A magyar hÃƒÂ­zott libamÃƒÂ¡j termelÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©nek jÃƒÂ¶vÃ…Â‘jÃƒÂ©t elsÃ…Â‘sorban az exportÃƒÂ¡rak dÃƒÂ¶ntik el, de az EU-ban ÃƒÂ©rvÃƒÂ©nyes (ÃƒÂ©s nagyon szigorÃƒÂº) ÃƒÂ¡llatvÃƒÂ©delmi szabÃƒÂ¡lyok betartÃƒÂ¡sa ugyancsak befolyÃƒÂ¡ssal lesz az ÃƒÂ¡gazat mÃ…Â±kÃƒÂ¶dÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©re. EurÃƒÂ³pÃƒÂ¡ban az ÃƒÂ¡llatok kÃƒÂ©nyszeretetÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©vel (pÃƒÂ©ldÃƒÂ¡ul a libatÃƒÂ¶mÃƒÂ©ssel) szembeni fogyasztÃƒÂ³i ellenÃƒÂ©rzÃƒÂ©s erÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ¶dÃƒÂ©se a jellemzÃ…Â‘. Az EU ÃƒÂllatvÃƒÂ©delmi TudomÃƒÂ¡nyos BizottsÃƒÂ¡gÃƒÂ¡nak jelentÃƒÂ©se ellenzi a kÃƒÂ©nyszeretetÃƒÂ©s gyakorlatÃƒÂ¡t a libatartÃƒÂ¡s sorÃƒÂ¡n. Az EU Ã¢Â€ÂžHÃƒÂ¡zilÃƒÂºd tartÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡ra vonatkozÃƒÂ³ ajÃƒÂ¡nlÃƒÂ¡stervezetÃ¢Â€Â- e szerint a tÃƒÂ¶mÃƒÂ©s gyakorlatÃƒÂ¡t 15 ÃƒÂ©ven belÃƒÂ¼l meg kell szÃƒÂ¼ntetni. Ezek ismeretÃƒÂ©ben a kÃƒÂ©rdÃƒÂ©s az, hogy hosszabb tÃƒÂ¡von mi jelenthet megoldÃƒÂ¡st a lÃƒÂºdÃƒÂ¡gazatban a hÃƒÂ­zott mÃƒÂ¡j elÃ…Â‘ÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡ssal foglalkozÃƒÂ³k szÃƒÂ¡mÃƒÂ¡ra?</abstract>
  <keywords>goose liver, high share in export, enimal healthcare regulation, libamÃƒÂ¡j, magas exportÃƒÂ¡rbevÃƒÂ©tel, ÃƒÂ¡llatjÃƒÂ³lÃƒÂ©ti szabÃƒÂ¡lyok, Agribusiness, Livestock Production/Industries,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>12</issue>
   <issuedate>2005</issuedate>
   <volume>49</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/54409</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Toaso, Szilvia</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Birkas, Endre</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Vincze, Judit</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:54306</identifier><datestamp>2009-11-13</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:54306">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>ALTERNATÃƒÂV FINANSZÃƒÂROZÃƒÂSI MÃƒÂ“DOK AZ AGRÃƒÂRKERESKEDELEMBEN</title>
  <abstract>KÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¶nbÃƒÂ¶zÃ…Â‘ okok arra ÃƒÂ¶sztÃƒÂ¶nzik a magyar vÃƒÂ¡llalatokat, hogy a klasszikus banki finanszÃƒÂ­rozÃƒÂ¡s mellett mÃƒÂ¡s, egyÃƒÂ©b likviditÃƒÂ¡st fokozÃƒÂ³ eszkÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶k utÃƒÂ¡n nÃƒÂ©zze-nek. Az agrÃƒÂ¡rcÃƒÂ©gek esetÃƒÂ©ben hatvÃƒÂ¡nyozottan jelentkezik ez az igÃƒÂ©ny, hiszen szÃƒÂ¡-mukra mindig is nehezebb volt a banki finanszÃƒÂ­rozÃƒÂ¡shoz valÃƒÂ³ hozzÃƒÂ¡jutÃƒÂ¡s a szek-torra jellemzÃ…Â‘ speciÃƒÂ¡lis kockÃƒÂ¡zatok, vagy ÃƒÂ©ppen az elÃƒÂ©gtelen fedezet meglÃƒÂ©te mi-att. Az alternatÃƒÂ­v megoldÃƒÂ¡sok Ã¢Â€Â“ faktoring mellett ilyen a forfaiting ÃƒÂ©s a lÃƒÂ­zing is Ã¢Â€Â“ keresÃƒÂ©se esetÃƒÂ¼kben mÃƒÂ©g inkÃƒÂ¡bb sÃƒÂ¼rgetÃ…Â‘. A kÃƒÂ¶zel ÃƒÂ©vtizedes banki kereskedelem-finanszÃƒÂ­rozÃƒÂ¡si tapasztalatok azt mutatjÃƒÂ¡k, hogy a belfÃƒÂ¶ldi szÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sok esetÃƒÂ©n ÃƒÂ©r-demesebb a faktoring szolgÃƒÂ¡ltatÃƒÂ¡sokat igÃƒÂ©nybe venni az export faktoring kÃƒÂ¶ltsÃƒÂ©-ges volta miatt (a hazai faktor kÃƒÂ¼lfÃƒÂ¶ldi faktort is bevon az ÃƒÂ¼gyletbe), mÃƒÂ­g export esetÃƒÂ©n a forfaiting tÃ…Â±nik kedvezÃ…Â‘bb megoldÃƒÂ¡snak. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX For a number of reasons Hungarian companies are impelled to seek, besides classical banks, other sources of finance allowing enhanced liquidity. In the case agricultural enterprises this need occurs with increased strength, because avail-ability of bank finance for them is scarce due to the special risks characterizing the sector or to a lack of adequate collaterals. The search for alternative sources in our case such as factoring, forfeiting and leasing is even more urgent. Nearly a decade experience with merchant bank financing shows that it is well worth to take up factoring services for domestic deliveries because of the expensive nature of export factoring (domestic factors involves also foreign factors) and forfeiting seems to be a more favorable solution for export deliveries.</abstract>
  <keywords>agrÃƒÂ¡rfinanszÃƒÂ­rozÃƒÂ¡si problÃƒÂ©mÃƒÂ¡k, faktoring, lizing - financial problems of agriculture, factoring, leasing, Agricultural Finance, Financial Economics,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>3</issue>
   <issuedate>2005</issuedate>
   <volume>49</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/54306</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Tegla, Imre</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:54410</identifier><datestamp>2009-11-13</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:54410">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>THE PRICE COMPETITIVENESS OF HUNGARIAN WINES IN EUROPEAN UNION MARKETS</title>
  <abstract>In the case of homogeneous goods (corn, eggs, milk, etc.) the price differential between products is the strongest determinant of success in market competition. In these days, however, it is more and more the highly processed foodstuffs that land on the consumerÃ¢Â€Â™s table. Wine is one of these. This study appraises the price competitiveness of Hungarian wines on EU markets. The question is to what extent do price differences determine the competitiveness of wine on potential markets? Or does a lower price give a real advantage to a special product like wine? Or is the demand for a product due to factors other than price? Our findings show that most Hungarian wines, except bottled white quality wines, are compatible on EU markets as far as prices are concerned. However, the quantity of wine merchandised is at least as important as the price level. I tried combine the price level with the quantity merchandised and evaluate them together in terms of the so-called Ã¢Â€Âœquality competitivenessÃ¢Â€Â. According to this approach bottled white quality wines came out to be competitive, because despite rising prices this was only category able to increase its market share. A price advantage over competitors does not necessarily mean increased competitiveness, which in the case of wines can only be explained by other less obvious reasons. It is important to emphasis that national averages are presented in this study, whereas brands, wineries and wine growing regions are present on the markets. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX A termÃƒÂ©kek piaci ÃƒÂ¡rÃƒÂ¡nak kÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¶nbsÃƒÂ©ge a legmarkÃƒÂ¡nsabb meghatÃƒÂ¡rozÃƒÂ³ja a piaci versenyben valÃƒÂ³ sikernek a homogÃƒÂ©n (bÃƒÂºza, tojÃƒÂ¡s, tej stb.) termÃƒÂ©kek esetÃƒÂ©ben. Ma mÃƒÂ¡r a fogyasztÃƒÂ³k asztalÃƒÂ¡ra azonban egyre inkÃƒÂ¡bb a magas feldolgozottsÃƒÂ¡gÃƒÂº ÃƒÂ©lelmiszerek kerÃƒÂ¼lnek. Ezek kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ© tartozik a bor is. A tanulmÃƒÂ¡ny a magyar borok ÃƒÂ¡rversenykÃƒÂ©pessÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©t ÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©keli az EurÃƒÂ³pai UniÃƒÂ³ piacÃƒÂ¡n. KÃƒÂ©rdÃƒÂ©s, hogy az ÃƒÂ¡rkÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¶nbsÃƒÂ©g mennyire meghatÃƒÂ¡rozÃƒÂ³ja a bor versenykÃƒÂ©pessÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©nek a potenciÃƒÂ¡lis piacon, illetve az ÃƒÂ¡relÃ…Â‘ny komoly jelentÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©ggel bÃƒÂ­r-e speciÃƒÂ¡lis termÃƒÂ©kek (bor) esetÃƒÂ©ben vagy itt is sokkal inkÃƒÂ¡bb mÃƒÂ¡s tÃƒÂ©nyezÃ…Â‘kre vezethetÃ…Â‘ vissza a termÃƒÂ©k irÃƒÂ¡nti kereslet alakulÃƒÂ¡sa. Az eredmÃƒÂ©nyekbÃ…Â‘l megÃƒÂ¡llapÃƒÂ­thatÃƒÂ³, hogy a magyar borok zÃƒÂ¶me versenykÃƒÂ©pes az ÃƒÂ¡rak alapjÃƒÂ¡n az EU piacÃƒÂ¡n a fehÃƒÂ©r minÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©gi palackozott borok kivÃƒÂ©telÃƒÂ©vel (mivel ez a kategÃƒÂ³ria magasabb ÃƒÂ¡ron ÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kesÃƒÂ¼lt, mint a tÃƒÂ¶bbi beszÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ³ ÃƒÂ©s a belsÃ…Â‘ nagy termelÃ…Â‘k borai). Az ÃƒÂ¡rak alakulÃƒÂ¡sa mellett azonban az ÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kesÃƒÂ­tett mennyisÃƒÂ©g is legalÃƒÂ¡bb ilyen fontos. MegprÃƒÂ³bÃƒÂ¡ltam ÃƒÂ¶sszekapcsolni az ÃƒÂ¡rak alakulÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡t az ÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kesÃƒÂ­tett mennyisÃƒÂ©ggel ÃƒÂ©s egyÃƒÂ¼ttesen ÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kelni az ÃƒÂºn. Ã¢Â€ÂžminÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©gi versenykÃƒÂ©pessÃƒÂ©getÃ¢Â€Â. Ezen mÃƒÂ³dszer szerint viszont a fehÃƒÂ©r minÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©gi palackozott bor versenykÃƒÂ©pes, mivel a nÃƒÂ¶vekvÃ…Â‘ ÃƒÂ¡rak ellenÃƒÂ©re ez az egyetlen kategÃƒÂ³ria, mely kÃƒÂ©pes volt nÃƒÂ¶velni piaci rÃƒÂ©szesedÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©t. Az ÃƒÂ¡relÃ…Â‘ny a versenytÃƒÂ¡rsakkal szemben tehÃƒÂ¡t nem jelenti feltÃƒÂ©tlenÃƒÂ¼l a versenykÃƒÂ©pessÃƒÂ©g megnyilvÃƒÂ¡nulÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡t is, az sokkal inkÃƒÂ¡bb mÃƒÂ¡s mÃƒÂ¶gÃƒÂ¶ttes okokkal magyarÃƒÂ¡zhatÃƒÂ³ a bor esetÃƒÂ©ben. Fontos azonban hangsÃƒÂºlyozni, hogy a tanulmÃƒÂ¡nyban az orszÃƒÂ¡gos ÃƒÂ¡tlagok jelennek meg, mÃƒÂ­g a piacokon mÃƒÂ¡rkÃƒÂ¡k, pincÃƒÂ©szetek ÃƒÂ©s borvidÃƒÂ©kek. Az aggregÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ¡s ellenÃƒÂ©re mÃƒÂ©gis hasznos kÃƒÂ¶vetkeztetÃƒÂ©sek vonhatÃƒÂ³k le.</abstract>
  <keywords>wine market competition, price advantage, quantity, borpiaci verseny, ÃƒÂ¡relÃ…Â‘ny, ÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kesÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©si mennyisÃƒÂ©g, Crop Production/Industries, International Relations/Trade,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>12</issue>
   <issuedate>2005</issuedate>
   <volume>49</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/54410</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Bozsik, Norbert</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:54412</identifier><datestamp>2009-11-13</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:54412">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>THE MANIFESTATION OF HEALTH-CONSCIOUSNESS IN FOOD PREFERENCE AND CONSUMPTION AMONG YOUNG PEOPLE ACCORDING TO AN EMPIRIC STUDY</title>
  <abstract>In our study we set out to find answers to the question of how todayÃ¢Â€Â™s secondary schools students in Hungary assessed certain food products. We examined in the target group also the development of relationship between the preference of a certain product and its assessment from the health point of view. We assumed that both the preference and assessment of food for its effects on health were not only influenced by the gender of consumers but also by the type of the school attended and to a large extent by the development level of the region of domicile. In conclusion, young people had shown some signs of awareness of what is healthy eating and they had been able to differentiate between healthy and unhealthy foodstuffs, but their consumption was still significantly dominated by what they considered to be pleasant food. A possible consequence of this finding is that nearly a quarter of young people and a third of boys consider themselves suffering from overweight. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX KutatÃƒÂ¡sunkban arra kerestÃƒÂ¼k a vÃƒÂ¡laszt, hogy a mai magyar kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ©piskolÃƒÂ¡sok kÃƒÂ¶rÃƒÂ©ben milyen a megÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©lÃƒÂ©se az egyes ÃƒÂ©lelmiszeripari termÃƒÂ©keknek. VizsgÃƒÂ¡ltuk, hogy az ÃƒÂ©lelmiszerek kedveltsÃƒÂ©ge ÃƒÂ©s annak egÃƒÂ©szsÃƒÂ©gessÃƒÂ©g megÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©lÃƒÂ©se kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶tt ho-gyan alakul a kapcsolat a vizsgÃƒÂ¡lt csoport esetÃƒÂ©ben. FeltÃƒÂ©telezÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ¼nk volt, hogy mind a kedveltsÃƒÂ©get, mind a kÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¶nbÃƒÂ¶zÃ…Â‘ ÃƒÂ©lelmiszerek megÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©lÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©t az egÃƒÂ©szsÃƒÂ©gessÃƒÂ©g szempontjÃƒÂ¡bÃƒÂ³l nemcsak a fogyasztÃƒÂ³k neme, de az iskola tÃƒÂ­pusa ÃƒÂ©s a lakÃƒÂ³hely sze-rinti rÃƒÂ©giÃƒÂ³ gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi fejlettsÃƒÂ©ge is nagy mÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kben befolyÃƒÂ¡solja. ÃƒÂ–sszessÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©ben megÃƒÂ¡llapÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡st nyert, hogy bÃƒÂ¡r a fiatalok mutattak olyan jeleket, hogy ismerik az egÃƒÂ©szsÃƒÂ©ges tÃƒÂ¡plÃƒÂ¡lkozÃƒÂ¡s alapjait, illetve hogy kÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¶nbsÃƒÂ©get tudnak tenni egÃƒÂ©szsÃƒÂ©ges ÃƒÂ©s egÃƒÂ©szsÃƒÂ©gtelen ÃƒÂ©lelmiszerek kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶tt, mÃƒÂ©gis fogyasztÃƒÂ¡sukat ma mÃƒÂ©g sokkal inkÃƒÂ¡bb az ÃƒÂ©lvezeti jellemzÃ…Â‘k dominÃƒÂ¡ljÃƒÂ¡k. TalÃƒÂ¡n ennek is kÃƒÂ¶szÃƒÂ¶nhetÃ…Â‘, hogy a fiatalok sajÃƒÂ¡t magukrÃƒÂ³l kiÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ­tott bizonyÃƒÂ­tvÃƒÂ¡nya alapjÃƒÂ¡n kÃƒÂ¶zel egynegyedÃƒÂ¼k kÃƒÂ¼szkÃƒÂ¶dik sÃƒÂºlyproblÃƒÂ©mÃƒÂ¡val Ã¢Â€Â“ a fiÃƒÂºknak pedig az egyharmada!</abstract>
  <keywords>questionnary, high schools, level of healthy consumption, kÃƒÂ©rdÃ…Â‘ÃƒÂ­ves felmÃƒÂ©rÃƒÂ©s, kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ©piskolÃƒÂ¡sok, egÃƒÂ©szsÃƒÂ©ges fogyasztÃƒÂ¡s szintje, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Marketing,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>12</issue>
   <issuedate>2005</issuedate>
   <volume>49</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/54412</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Horvath, Agnes</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Lajos, Attila</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Szira, Zoltan</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Varga, Erika</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:54333</identifier><datestamp>2009-11-13</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:54333">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>AZ ÃƒÂ–KOMARKETING GYAKORLATI MEGVALÃƒÂ“SULÃƒÂSA AZ ÃƒÂ‰LELMISZER-GAZDASÃƒÂGBAN</title>
  <abstract>Az EurÃƒÂ³pai UniÃƒÂ³ba valÃƒÂ³ belÃƒÂ©pÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ¼nkkel a kÃƒÂ¶rnyezetvÃƒÂ©delem, a fenntarthatÃƒÂ³ fejlÃ…Â‘dÃƒÂ©s minden terÃƒÂ¼leten nagyobb hangsÃƒÂºlyt kap. KÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¶nÃƒÂ¶sen igaz ez az ÃƒÂ©lelmi-szer-gazdasÃƒÂ¡gra. Azok a kutatÃƒÂ¡sok is felÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kelÃ…Â‘dhetnek ennek tÃƒÂ¼krÃƒÂ©ben, ame-lyek a kÃƒÂ¶rnyezet-gazdasÃƒÂ¡gtan kÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¶nbÃƒÂ¶zÃ…Â‘ terÃƒÂ¼letein folynak. A szerzÃ…Â‘ ÃƒÂ©vek ÃƒÂ³ta foglalkozik az ÃƒÂ¶komarketing elmÃƒÂ©leti ÃƒÂ©s mÃƒÂ³dszertani kÃƒÂ©rdÃƒÂ©seivel, kutatÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡nak eredmÃƒÂ©nyeit kÃƒÂ©trÃƒÂ©szes tanulmÃƒÂ¡nyban adja kÃƒÂ¶zre. A tanulmÃƒÂ¡ny elsÃ…Â‘ rÃƒÂ©szÃƒÂ©ben arra vÃƒÂ¡llalkozott, hogy a nemzetkÃƒÂ¶zi szakiroda-lom alapjÃƒÂ¡n bemutassa az ÃƒÂ¶komarketing kutatÃƒÂ¡s fÃ…Â‘bb ÃƒÂ¡llomÃƒÂ¡sait, ÃƒÂºj irÃƒÂ¡nyzatait. A szerzÃ…Â‘ tanulmÃƒÂ¡nya kÃƒÂ©t cÃƒÂ©lt tÃ…Â±zÃƒÂ¶tt maga elÃƒÂ©. ElÃ…Â‘szÃƒÂ¶r azt kÃƒÂ­vÃƒÂ¡nja bizonyÃƒÂ­tani, hogy az ÃƒÂ©lelmiszer-gazdasÃƒÂ¡g mind inputjai, mind outputjai oldalÃƒÂ¡rÃƒÂ³l tekintve kÃƒÂ¶rnyezeti szempontbÃƒÂ³l figyelemremÃƒÂ©ltÃƒÂ³ terÃƒÂ¼let. MÃƒÂ¡sodszor kÃƒÂ­sÃƒÂ©rletet tesz arra, hogy megvizsgÃƒÂ¡lja: mikor ÃƒÂ©ri meg a vÃƒÂ¡llalatoknak kÃƒÂ¶rnyezetbarÃƒÂ¡t mÃƒÂ³don gaz-dÃƒÂ¡lkodni, ÃƒÂ¶komarketing stratÃƒÂ©giÃƒÂ¡kat kidolgozni ÃƒÂ©s megvalÃƒÂ³sÃƒÂ­tani? Az ÃƒÂ©lelmiszer-gazdasÃƒÂ¡g kÃƒÂ¶rnyezeti jelentÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©ge nemcsak mÃƒÂ©rÃƒÂ©sekkel igazolha-tÃƒÂ³, nemcsak a tÃƒÂ©mÃƒÂ¡val foglalkozÃƒÂ³ szakirodalombÃƒÂ³l derÃƒÂ¼l ki, hanem abbÃƒÂ³l is, hogy a nemzeti fenntarthatÃƒÂ³ fejlÃ…Â‘dÃƒÂ©si stratÃƒÂ©giÃƒÂ¡kban fontos szerepet szÃƒÂ¡nnak neki. A tanulmÃƒÂ¡nyban nÃƒÂ©met, osztrÃƒÂ¡k ÃƒÂ©s svÃƒÂ¡jci dokumentumokbÃƒÂ³l vett pÃƒÂ©ldÃƒÂ¡kat olvasha-tunk. A szerzÃ…Â‘ kÃƒÂ¶vetkeztetÃƒÂ©se: az ÃƒÂ¶komarketing feltÃƒÂ©teleit, alkalmazÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡nak lehe-tÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©geit az ÃƒÂ©lelmiszer-gazdasÃƒÂ¡gban ÃƒÂ©rdemes kutatni. A jelenlegi helyzet megismerÃƒÂ©se cÃƒÂ©ljÃƒÂ¡bÃƒÂ³l empirikus vizsgÃƒÂ¡latokat folytatott az ÃƒÂ‰szak-alfÃƒÂ¶ldi rÃƒÂ©giÃƒÂ³ tÃƒÂ©rsÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©ben, kÃƒÂ©t kÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¶nbÃƒÂ¶zÃ…Â‘ idÃ…Â‘pontban. A kÃƒÂ©rdÃ…Â‘ÃƒÂ­ves felmÃƒÂ©rÃƒÂ©-sek ÃƒÂ©s a mÃƒÂ©lyinterjÃƒÂºk eredmÃƒÂ©nyei alapjÃƒÂ¡n arra prÃƒÂ³bÃƒÂ¡l vÃƒÂ¡laszt adni, hogy vÃƒÂ¡lla-latvezetÃ…Â‘k vÃƒÂ©lemÃƒÂ©nye szerint, milyenek voltak pÃƒÂ¡r ÃƒÂ©vvel ezelÃ…Â‘tt, ÃƒÂ©s hogyan vÃƒÂ¡ltoz-tak meg mostanra az ÃƒÂ¶kolÃƒÂ³giai marketing esÃƒÂ©lyei az ÃƒÂ©lelmiszer-gazdasÃƒÂ¡gban? XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX With our accession to the European Union environmental protection, sus-tainable development receives increased emphasis in all areas. This is particu-larly true for food economy. In view of this approach researches carried out in various areas of environmental economy may have to be re-valued. The author has for many years been engaged in studying the theoretical and methodological aspects of eco-marketing and she describes her finding in a two-part report. In the first part she has on the basis of literature undertaken to outline the main stages of eco-marketing and its new trends. The author set out two objec-tives in her study. First she wishes to prove that the food industry with respect to both its inputs and outputs is worthy of attention from the point of view of the environment. Secondly she attempts to examine: when is it worth for enterprises to farm in an environmentally friendly way, to develop eco-marketing strategies and when to implement them? The environmental relevance of food economy may be justified not only by measurements or by the specialist literature, but also by the fact that it is given an important role in national strategies of sustainable development. German, Austrian and Swiss examples are cited in the study. The authorÃ¢Â€Â™s conclusion: it is well worth studying the conditions of eco-marketing and the prospects of its ap-plication in the food industry. To map out the present situation she is at present carrying out empirical in-vestigations in the Northern Plain Region at two different times. On the basis of a questionnaire study and in depth interviews she is attempting to answer such question as: in the opinion of farm managers what have been the chances of eco-logical marketing in the food economy a few years ago and how have these chances changed in recent times?</abstract>
  <keywords>fenntarthatÃƒÂ³ marketing, ÃƒÂ©lelmiszer-gazdasÃƒÂ¡g, kÃƒÂ¶rnyezetbarÃƒÂ¡t gazdÃƒÂ¡lkodÃƒÂ¡s, kockÃƒÂ¡zat, jÃƒÂ¶vedelemtermelÃ…Â‘-kÃƒÂ©pessÃƒÂ©g - sustainable marketing, food economy, environmentally friend farming, risks, income producing capability, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Marketing,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>5</issue>
   <issuedate>2005</issuedate>
   <volume>49</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/54333</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Szolnoki Gyozone-Karkus, Maria</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:54419</identifier><datestamp>2009-11-13</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:54419">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>A TERMÃƒÂ‰KFELDOLGOZOTTSÃƒÂG LOGISZTIKAI KÃƒÂ–LTSÃƒÂ‰GEKRE GYAKOROLT HATÃƒÂSÃƒÂNAK BIZONYÃƒÂTÃƒÂSA</title>
  <abstract>Az elsÃ…Â‘ hipotÃƒÂ©zis beigazolÃƒÂ³dott, valÃƒÂ³ban van ÃƒÂ¶sszefÃƒÂ¼ggÃƒÂ©s a termÃƒÂ©kek kÃƒÂ¼lsÃ…Â‘ szÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡si ÃƒÂ©s a raktÃƒÂ¡rozÃƒÂ¡si kÃƒÂ¶ltsÃƒÂ©gei kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶tt. Ez minden bizonnyal a logisztikai kÃƒÂ¶ltsÃƒÂ©gek termÃƒÂ©kfeldolgozottsÃƒÂ¡gtÃƒÂ³l valÃƒÂ³ fÃƒÂ¼ggÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©nek tudhatÃƒÂ³ be. A mÃƒÂ¡sodik feltevÃƒÂ©s Ã¢Â€Â“ a csoportosÃƒÂ­thatÃƒÂ³sÃƒÂ¡g Ã¢Â€Â“ csak rÃƒÂ©szben igazolÃƒÂ³dott be. A mi-relit- ÃƒÂ©s tejtermÃƒÂ©kek pÃƒÂ©ldÃƒÂ¡ul valÃƒÂ³ban egyfajta tulajdonsÃƒÂ¡gaik miatt kerÃƒÂ¼ltek egy csoportba, de az ÃƒÂ¼dÃƒÂ­tÃ…Â‘, pÃƒÂ©ksÃƒÂ¼temÃƒÂ©ny egysÃƒÂ©gekkel, vagyis a mÃƒÂ¡sik kÃƒÂ©t csoportalko-tÃƒÂ³val mÃƒÂ¡r nehezen indokolhatÃƒÂ³ az ÃƒÂ¶sszetartozÃƒÂ¡suk. TermÃƒÂ©kfeldolgozottsÃƒÂ¡guk nem egyezik az elÃ…Â‘zÃ…Â‘ kÃƒÂ©t egysÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©vel, igaz elÃƒÂ©g tÃƒÂ¡vol is helyezkedtek el azoktÃƒÂ³l. A harmadik hipotÃƒÂ©zis nem igazolÃƒÂ³dott be. A Ã¢Â€ÂžHazai szÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sÃ¢Â€Â vÃƒÂ¡ltozÃƒÂ³ ÃƒÂ©ppen hogy negatÃƒÂ­van mozgott a Ã¢Â€ÂžKÃƒÂ¼lsÃ…Â‘ szÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sÃ¢Â€Â vÃƒÂ¡ltozÃƒÂ³tÃƒÂ³l, nem pedig vele egyÃƒÂ¼tt. Ennek oka az lehet, hogy a logisztikailag kÃƒÂ¶ltsÃƒÂ©ges anyagtulajdonsÃƒÂ¡gokkal ren-delkezÃ…Â‘ termÃƒÂ©kek szÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sa relatÃƒÂ­ve lÃƒÂ©nyegesen olcsÃƒÂ³bb a kÃƒÂ¼lfÃƒÂ¶ldi szÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡soknÃƒÂ¡l. A fÃ…Â‘komponens-analÃƒÂ­zis nem hozott tiszta struktÃƒÂºrÃƒÂ¡t. Ha a felmÃƒÂ©rÃƒÂ©snek csak a kÃƒÂ¶ltsÃƒÂ©gelemzÃƒÂ©s a cÃƒÂ©lja, ÃƒÂ©rdemesebb a logisztikai kÃƒÂ¶ltsÃƒÂ©geket jobban szÃƒÂ©tbontani. A logisztikai rÃƒÂ¡fordÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡soknak ugyanis van egy kÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¶nleges tulajdonsÃƒÂ¡ga. Nagyon sok ÃƒÂºgynevezett Ã¢Â€Âžtrade-offÃ¢Â€Â kÃƒÂ¶ltsÃƒÂ©gpÃƒÂ¡r talÃƒÂ¡lhatÃƒÂ³ kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶ttÃƒÂ¼k. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX The primary hypothesis has been proven; there really is a relationship between the costs of foreign transport and storage of products. This is almost certainly because the cost of logistics depends on the level of product processing. The second hypothesis that products are classifiable was only partially proven. Frozen and milk products were placed in the same class because of certain similar characteristics, but their coherence with refreshments and bakersÃ¢Â€Â™ ware, the other two components of the class, is difficult to justify. The level of processing of the latter products does not correspond to that of the first two components, they do fall far apart. The third hypothesis has not been proven. The Ã¢Â€ÂœDomestic transportationÃ¢Â€Â variable varied with Ã¢Â€ÂœForeign transportationÃ¢Â€Â inversely rather than directly. This is probably because the cost of domestic transport for products with logistically costly material characteristics is significantly cheaper than that of foreign transport. Component analysis did not produce a clear structure. If the aim of a survey is cost analysis then it is well worth to break up the costs of logistics to a greater extent. This is because logistic investments have a special characteristic. They include numerous pairs of Ã¢Â€Âœtrade-offÃ¢Â€Â™sÃ¢Â€Â.</abstract>
  <keywords>szÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡si ÃƒÂ©s raktÃƒÂ¡rozÃƒÂ¡si kÃƒÂ¶ltsÃƒÂ©gek, termÃƒÂ©kek csoportosÃƒÂ­thatÃƒÂ³sÃƒÂ¡ga, termÃƒÂ©kek feldolgozottsÃƒÂ¡ga, fÃ…Â‘komponens-analÃƒÂ­zis, cost of transport and storage, classifiable nature of products, level of product processing, component analysis, Industrial Organization, Public Economics,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>6</issue>
   <issuedate>2005</issuedate>
   <volume>49</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/54419</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Duleba, Szabolcs</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:54343</identifier><datestamp>2009-11-13</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:54343">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>ENVIRONMENTAL TAX REVENUE AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONSCIOUSNESS IN THE EUROPEAN UNION</title>
  <abstract>There is a relationship between the rate of environmental taxation and the environmental consciousness of EU member states. The tax revenue collected in environmentally conscious member states is greater than that in the V-4 states (VisegrÃƒÂ¡d states: Hungary, Czech Republic, Slovakia and Poland) or in the less environmentally conscious EU-15 states. Of the V-4 states, the environmental tax revenue is collected at the highest rate in the Czech Republic, which is the best situated in terms of the environment and the least amount of tax is collected in Hungary, where the environment is in the poorest state. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX A kÃƒÂ¶rnyezeti adÃƒÂ³bevÃƒÂ©telek szÃƒÂ¡zalÃƒÂ©kos arÃƒÂ¡nya ÃƒÂ©s a tagÃƒÂ¡llamok kÃƒÂ¶rnyezeti tu-datossÃƒÂ¡ga kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶tt kapcsolat van, a kÃƒÂ¶rnyezetileg tudatosabb tagÃƒÂ¡llamokban jel-lemzÃ…Â‘en nagyobb arÃƒÂ¡nyÃƒÂº a kÃƒÂ¶rnyezeti adÃƒÂ³bevÃƒÂ©tel, mint a V4 ÃƒÂ¡llamokban vagy a kÃƒÂ¶rnyezetileg kevÃƒÂ©sbÃƒÂ© tudatos tagÃƒÂ¡llamokban. A kÃƒÂ¶rnyezeti adÃƒÂ³kbÃƒÂ³l szÃƒÂ¡rmazÃƒÂ³ adÃƒÂ³bevÃƒÂ©tel arÃƒÂ¡nyÃƒÂ¡t hÃƒÂ¡rom fÃƒÂ©le viszonyÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡si alap szerint vizsgÃƒÂ¡lva nagymÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kÃ…Â± egyezÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©g figyelhetÃ…Â‘ meg az orszÃƒÂ¡gok sorrendjÃƒÂ©ben. A V4 ÃƒÂ¡llamok kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¼l kÃƒÂ¶rnye-zeti szempontbÃƒÂ³l legkedvezÃ…Â‘bb helyzetben lÃƒÂ©vÃ…Â‘ CsehorszÃƒÂ¡gban a legmagasabb, legkedvezÃ…Â‘tlenebb helyzetben levÃ…Â‘ MagyarorszÃƒÂ¡gon legalacsonyabb a kÃƒÂ¶rnyezeti adÃƒÂ³bevÃƒÂ©tel arÃƒÂ¡nya. A magyar adÃƒÂ³rendszerben a kÃƒÂ¶rnyezeti adÃƒÂ³k arÃƒÂ¡nya kicsi, je-lentÃ…Â‘sen elmarad az EU 15 ÃƒÂ©s a V4 ÃƒÂ¡llamokban megfigyelhetÃ…Â‘ ÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kektÃ…Â‘l is.</abstract>
  <keywords>EU member states, V-4 states, bettertainment of environment by taxes - EU tagÃƒÂ¡llamok, V4 orszÃƒÂ¡gok, a kÃƒÂ¶rnyezeti ÃƒÂ¡llapot javÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡s adÃƒÂ³kkal, Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>12</issue>
   <issuedate>2005</issuedate>
   <volume>49</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/54343</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Sziageti, Cecilia</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:54857</identifier><datestamp>2009-11-13</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:54857">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>KOOPERÃƒÂCIÃƒÂ“ A MÃƒÂTRAI BORVIDÃƒÂ‰KEN</title>
  <abstract>VizsgÃƒÂ¡ltuk, melyek azok a feladatok, amelyek megoldÃƒÂ¡sa a szÃ…Â‘lÃ…Â‘-bor termÃƒÂ©kpÃƒÂ¡lyÃƒÂ¡n javÃƒÂ­thatjÃƒÂ¡k a gazdÃƒÂ¡lkodÃƒÂ³k helyzetÃƒÂ©t, versenykÃƒÂ©pessÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©t. Legfontosabb megÃƒÂ¡llapÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sunk, hogy a versenykÃƒÂ©pessÃƒÂ©g fokozÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡ban jelenleg az ÃƒÂ¼zemi mÃƒÂ©ret nÃƒÂ¶velÃƒÂ©se, az integrÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³ (gÃƒÂ©pkÃƒÂ¶rÃƒÂ¶k, pinceszÃƒÂ¶vetkezetek), az alkalmazott technolÃƒÂ³gia korszerÃ…Â±sÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©se kiemelten fontos feladat. IntegrÃƒÂ¡tor lehet pinceszÃƒÂ¶vetkezet, vagy tÃ…Â‘keerÃ…Â‘s feldolgozÃƒÂ³ vÃƒÂ¡llalkozÃƒÂ¡s, amely szerzÃ…Â‘dÃƒÂ©ses kapcsolatban ÃƒÂ¡ll a termelÃ…Â‘kkel. A gazdÃƒÂ¡k nagy rÃƒÂ©sze mÃƒÂ©g nem ismerte fel az integrÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³ nyÃƒÂºjtotta elÃ…Â‘nyÃƒÂ¶ket ÃƒÂ©s lehetÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©geket. Az ismeretek, a bizalom ÃƒÂ©s ebbÃ…Â‘l adÃƒÂ³dÃƒÂ³an az ÃƒÂ¶sszefogÃƒÂ¡s hiÃƒÂ¡nya kedvezÃ…Â‘tlenÃƒÂ¼l befolyÃƒÂ¡solja a MÃƒÂ¡trai BorvidÃƒÂ©k helyzetÃƒÂ©t. A gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi kooperÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³k kÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¶nbÃƒÂ¶zÃ…Â‘ formÃƒÂ¡i azonban megtalÃƒÂ¡lhatÃƒÂ³k. A hosszÃƒÂº tÃƒÂ¡vÃƒÂº szerzÃ…Â‘dÃƒÂ©ses kapcsolati formÃƒÂ¡k tÃƒÂ¶bbnyire hosszÃƒÂº lejÃƒÂ¡ratÃƒÂº termÃƒÂ©kÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kesÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©si megÃƒÂ¡llapodÃƒÂ¡sra irÃƒÂ¡nyulnak. A szerzÃ…Â‘dÃƒÂ©sek a kÃƒÂ¶lcsÃƒÂ¶nÃƒÂ¶s elÃ…Â‘nyÃƒÂ¶k ÃƒÂ©s kockÃƒÂ¡zatvÃƒÂ¡lla-lÃƒÂ¡s ÃƒÂ©rvÃƒÂ©nyesÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©re tÃƒÂ¶rekednek. Az egyÃƒÂ¼ttmÃ…Â±kÃƒÂ¶dÃƒÂ©s a szÃ…Â‘lÃ…Â‘ ÃƒÂ©s a bor ÃƒÂ¡tvÃƒÂ©telÃƒÂ©t, ÃƒÂ©r-tÃƒÂ©kesÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©t segÃƒÂ­ti, mÃƒÂ­g a felvÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡rlÃƒÂ³ nagyobb gazdasÃƒÂ¡gok, pinceszÃƒÂ¶vetkezetek ÃƒÂ¡ru-alapjÃƒÂ¡t biztosÃƒÂ­tja. Az ÃƒÂ©rdekazonossÃƒÂ¡gon nyugvÃƒÂ³ tartÃƒÂ³s egyÃƒÂ¼ttmÃ…Â±kÃƒÂ¶dÃƒÂ©s kedvezÃ…Â‘en ÃƒÂ©rinti a jÃƒÂ¶vedelmezÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©get. Napjainkban a legtÃƒÂ¶bb termelÃ…Â‘ mindÃƒÂ¶ssze szÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ³i kapcsolatba kerÃƒÂ¼l a felvÃƒÂ¡-sÃƒÂ¡rlÃƒÂ³val. A termelÃ…Â‘k gyakran szerzÃ…Â‘dÃƒÂ©sszegÃƒÂ©st kÃƒÂ¶vetnek el, ha 1-2 Ft-tal tÃƒÂ¶bbet ÃƒÂ­gÃƒÂ©r egy mÃƒÂ¡sik felvÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡rlÃƒÂ³. A felvÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡rlÃƒÂ³k is visszaÃƒÂ©lnek a termelÃ…Â‘ kiszolgÃƒÂ¡ltatott helyzetÃƒÂ©vel, sokszor csak fÃƒÂ©lÃƒÂ©v-egy ÃƒÂ©v mÃƒÂºltÃƒÂ¡n fizetnek termÃƒÂ©szetesen kamatok nÃƒÂ©l-kÃƒÂ¼l. Ennek megakadÃƒÂ¡lyozÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡ra hosszÃƒÂº tÃƒÂ¡vÃƒÂº szerzÃ…Â‘dÃƒÂ©sek keretÃƒÂ©ben alakultak ki kÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¶nbÃƒÂ¶zÃ…Â‘ megoldÃƒÂ¡si mÃƒÂ³dok a vertikÃƒÂ¡lis integrÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³ alternatÃƒÂ­vÃƒÂ¡jakÃƒÂ©nt. KutatÃƒÂ³munkÃƒÂ¡ban lÃƒÂ©trehozott adatbÃƒÂ¡zis kÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¶nÃƒÂ¶sen jÃƒÂ³l hasznÃƒÂ¡lhatÃƒÂ³ a szakta-nÃƒÂ¡csadÃƒÂ¡sban. Az ÃƒÂ‰szak-MagyarorszÃƒÂ¡gi RÃƒÂ©giÃƒÂ³ban a KÃƒÂ¡roly RÃƒÂ³bert FÃ…Â‘iskolÃƒÂ¡ra alapozva egy modell ÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kÃ…Â± szaktanÃƒÂ¡csadÃƒÂ¡si rendszert ÃƒÂ©s kÃƒÂ¶zpontot hoztunk lÃƒÂ©tre, amely a mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡g, vidÃƒÂ©kfejlesztÃƒÂ©s minden terÃƒÂ¼letÃƒÂ©re kiterjed. A rendszerhez szakkÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ©piskolÃƒÂ¡k (pl. Tokaj) ÃƒÂ©s kutatÃƒÂ³intÃƒÂ©zetek (pl. kompolti, tarcali, egri) kapcsolÃƒÂ³dnak. Az adatbÃƒÂ¡zis a szaktanÃƒÂ¡csadÃƒÂ¡s mellett a tanfolyami ÃƒÂ©s a fÃ…Â‘iskolai kÃƒÂ©pzÃƒÂ©sben felhasznÃƒÂ¡lhatÃƒÂ³. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX The database established at KÃƒÂ¡roly RÃƒÂ³bert Agricultural Sciences University, a centre for the Northern Hungarian Region, can serve the technological and economical development of vineyards and the wine producing industry of the MÃƒÂ¡tra region and the operation of an advisory network. We outlined the tasks that need to be accomplished to improve the circum-stances and competitiveness of farmers in the vine-growing and wine-making verticum. We discussed the latest trends in co-operation, development and up-dating technology. Enlargement of factories, integration (machinery, cellar co-operatives) and updating the technology used are very important with respect to quality, implementation of machinery development and increased competitiveness.</abstract>
  <keywords>szÃ…Â‘lÃ…Â‘-bor termÃƒÂ©kpÃƒÂ¡lya, vertikÃƒÂ¡lis egyÃƒÂ¼ttmÃ…Â±kÃƒÂ¶dÃƒÂ©s, ÃƒÂ©rdwekazonossÃƒÂ¡g vine production chain, vertical integration, Agribusiness, Agricultural and Food Policy, Crop Production/Industries,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>13</issue>
   <issuedate>2005</issuedate>
   <volume>49</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/54857</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Nagy-Kovacs, Erika</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Wachtler, Istvan</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:54853</identifier><datestamp>2009-11-13</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:54853">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>REGIONÃƒÂLIS VERSENYKÃƒÂ‰PESSÃƒÂ‰G A HÃƒÂLÃƒÂ“ZATI GAZDASÃƒÂGBAN</title>
  <abstract>Az utÃƒÂ³bbi ÃƒÂ©vtizedekben az ÃƒÂºn. Ã¢Â€ÂžhÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ³zati gazdasÃƒÂ¡gÃ¢Â€Â fejlÃ…Â‘dÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©ben nÃƒÂ¶vekvÃ…Â‘ fon-tossÃƒÂ¡gÃƒÂº szerepet jÃƒÂ¡tszanak a kÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¶nfÃƒÂ©le szervezeti hÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ³zatok. A szervezetek (vÃƒÂ¡l-lalkozÃƒÂ¡sok, intÃƒÂ©zmÃƒÂ©nyek, nonprofit szervezetek) hÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ³zatai legfÃ…Â‘bb tÃƒÂ©nyezÃ…Â‘i az ÃƒÂ¼z-leti versenykÃƒÂ©pessÃƒÂ©g elÃƒÂ©rÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©nek (vagy fenntartÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡nak). Ezt a folyamatot vizsgÃƒÂ¡l-tuk M. Porter jÃƒÂ³l ismert modelljeinek (a versenyerÃ…Â‘k modellje ÃƒÂ©s a Ã¢Â€ÂžgyÃƒÂ©mÃƒÂ¡nt-modellÃ¢Â€Â) kombinÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ¡sa rÃƒÂ©vÃƒÂ©n. ÃƒÂšgy talÃƒÂ¡ltuk, hogy bizonyos kapcsolÃƒÂ³dÃƒÂ¡sok talÃƒÂ¡lha-tÃƒÂ³k egyes versenyerÃ…Â‘k ÃƒÂ©s a versenyelÃ…Â‘nyÃƒÂ¶k egyes helyi forrÃƒÂ¡sai kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶tt, amelyek eredÃ…Â‘je meghatÃƒÂ¡rozza a kÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¶nfÃƒÂ©le gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi szereplÃ…Â‘k versenypozÃƒÂ­ciÃƒÂ³jÃƒÂ¡t. CÃƒÂ©lsze-rÃ…Â±bb a jÃƒÂ¶vÃ…Â‘ben az egyedi szervezetek versenye helyett hÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ³zatok versenyÃƒÂ©rÃ…Â‘l be-szÃƒÂ©lni. BevezettÃƒÂ¼k a szervezeti hÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ³zatok kÃƒÂ©t ÃƒÂºj osztÃƒÂ¡lyÃƒÂ¡t: az ÃƒÂºn. spontÃƒÂ¡n (infor-mÃƒÂ¡lis) ÃƒÂ©s a formÃƒÂ¡lis hÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ³zatok megkÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¶nbÃƒÂ¶ztetÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©t. MegfelelÃ…Â‘ kutatÃƒÂ¡si metodika hiÃƒÂ¡nyÃƒÂ¡ban mindmÃƒÂ¡ig csak a formÃƒÂ¡lis hÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ³zatokat tanulmÃƒÂ¡nyoztÃƒÂ¡k. A mÃ…Â±kÃƒÂ¶dÃ…Â‘ hÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ³zatok tapasztalatai igen hasznosak a gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi rÃƒÂ©giÃƒÂ³k szÃƒÂ¡mÃƒÂ¡ra, amelyek a kÃƒÂ¶vetkezÃ…Â‘ kÃƒÂ©rdÃƒÂ©sekkel szembesÃƒÂ¼lnek: min alapul a sikeres hÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ³zati egyÃƒÂ¼ttmÃ…Â±kÃƒÂ¶-dÃƒÂ©s, a hÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ³zatok milyen versenyelÃ…Â‘nyÃƒÂ¶ket jelentenek a rÃƒÂ©giÃƒÂ³k szÃƒÂ¡mÃƒÂ¡ra, ÃƒÂ©s hogyan cÃƒÂ©lszerÃ…Â± ÃƒÂºj hÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ³zatokat lÃƒÂ©trehozni? Ezeket a tapasztalatokat prÃƒÂ³bÃƒÂ¡ltuk meg regi-onÃƒÂ¡lis szemszÃƒÂ¶gbÃ…Â‘l ÃƒÂ¶sszegezni ÃƒÂ©s ÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kelni. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX In the last few decades, different organisational networks have played an increasingly important role in developing the so-called Ã¢Â€Âœnetwork economyÃ¢Â€Â. The networks of organisations (companies, institutions and non-profit organisations) are the most important factors in becoming (or remaining) competitive in the business. We have investigated this process via a combination of M. PorterÃ¢Â€Â™s well-known models (the model of competition forces and the Ã¢Â€Âœdiamond-modelÃ¢Â€Â). We have found that there are certain relationships among some forces of competition and some sources of local competitive advantages, whose resultant defined the competitive position for the various parties. It would be more apt in the future to speak about competing networks instead of the competition of individual organisations. We have introduced two different classes of organisational net-works: the so-called spontaneous (informal) and formal networks. In the absence of suitable research methodology, only the formal networks have been studied to date. The experiences of functioning networks are very useful for regions facing the following questions: what are the basics of successful networking, what kinds of competitive advantages do they give to the regions, and how to establish new networks? We have tried to summarise and evaluate these experiences from a regional point of view.</abstract>
  <keywords>ÃƒÂ¼zleti versenykÃƒÂ©pessÃƒÂ©g, formalis ÃƒÂ©s informalis hÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ³zatok, regionalitÃƒÂ¡s, business competitiveness, informal and formal network, regionality, Industrial Organization, Public Economics,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>13</issue>
   <issuedate>2005</issuedate>
   <volume>49</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/54853</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Dinya, Laszlo</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:54336</identifier><datestamp>2009-11-13</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:54336">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>KÃƒÂNA AGRÃƒÂRGAZDASÃƒÂGÃƒÂNAK NÃƒÂ‰HÃƒÂNY JELLEMZÃ…ÂJE</title>
  <abstract>KÃƒÂ­na a mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡g ÃƒÂ¡talakÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sa terÃƒÂ©n is elindult azon az ÃƒÂºton, amely a WTO-csatlakozÃƒÂ¡s utÃƒÂ¡n megkÃƒÂ¶vetelt piacgazdasÃƒÂ¡gi kÃƒÂ¶rnyezet kialakÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡t cÃƒÂ©lozza. A ko-rÃƒÂ¡bbi kÃƒÂ¶zponti vezÃƒÂ©rlÃƒÂ©sÃ…Â± gazdasÃƒÂ¡girÃƒÂ¡nyÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡s mind a belfÃƒÂ¶ldi, mind a kÃƒÂ¼lfÃƒÂ¶ldi kap-csolatokban lÃƒÂ©nyegesen megvÃƒÂ¡ltozott. A vÃƒÂ¡mok nagysÃƒÂ¡ga folyamatosan ÃƒÂ©s lÃƒÂ©nyege-sen lecsÃƒÂ¶kkent, sok tÃƒÂ¶rvÃƒÂ©nyt ÃƒÂ©s szabÃƒÂ¡lyt fokozatosan megvÃƒÂ¡ltoztattak, elmozdulÃƒÂ¡s kÃƒÂ¶vetkezett be a beruhÃƒÂ¡zÃƒÂ¡sok prioritÃƒÂ¡sainak meghatÃƒÂ¡rozÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡ban ÃƒÂ©s a hosszÃƒÂº tÃƒÂ¡vÃƒÂº gazdasÃƒÂ¡gpolitikai stratÃƒÂ©giÃƒÂ¡ban is. A lehetÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©gek kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¼l a legkÃƒÂ©zenfekvÃ…Â‘bb ÃƒÂ©s a leg-fontosabb a hatÃƒÂ©konysÃƒÂ¡g-nÃƒÂ¶velÃ…Â‘ beruhÃƒÂ¡zÃƒÂ¡sok tÃƒÂ¡mogatÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡nak nÃƒÂ¶velÃƒÂ©se, amit a WTO nem korlÃƒÂ¡toz, tovÃƒÂ¡bbÃƒÂ¡ az agrÃƒÂ¡rgazdasÃƒÂ¡gi kutatÃƒÂ¡sok kiadÃƒÂ¡sainak nÃƒÂ¶velÃƒÂ©se, a vidÃƒÂ©ki infrastruktÃƒÂºra javÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sa (fÃ…Â‘kÃƒÂ©nt az utakÃƒÂ©), egy orszÃƒÂ¡gos mÃƒÂ©retÃ…Â± informÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³s hÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ³zat lÃƒÂ©trehozÃƒÂ¡sa ÃƒÂ©s mÃ…Â±kÃƒÂ¶dtetÃƒÂ©se. Ezen tÃƒÂºlmenÃ…Â‘en KÃƒÂ­nÃƒÂ¡nak meg kell valÃƒÂ³sÃƒÂ­tania mind a rÃƒÂ¡ vonatkozÃƒÂ³ kereskedelmi korlÃƒÂ¡tozÃƒÂ¡sok, mind az ÃƒÂ¡llat- ÃƒÂ©s nÃƒÂ¶vÃƒÂ©ny-egÃƒÂ©szsÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ¼gyi elÃ…Â‘ÃƒÂ­rÃƒÂ¡sok betartÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡t. KÃƒÂ­na alapvetÃ…Â‘ ÃƒÂ©rdeke az is, hogy elÃ…Â‘mozdÃƒÂ­tsa bi-zonyos speciÃƒÂ¡lis helyzetben levÃ…Â‘ terÃƒÂ¼letek fejlÃ…Â‘dÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©t. ÃƒÂgy pÃƒÂ©ldÃƒÂ¡ul azokÃƒÂ©t, amelyek-nÃƒÂ©l KÃƒÂ­na komparatÃƒÂ­v elÃ…Â‘nnyel rendelkezik (kertÃƒÂ©szeti termÃƒÂ©kek, gyÃƒÂ¼mÃƒÂ¶lcsÃƒÂ¶k, ÃƒÂ¡llati termÃƒÂ©kek, halÃƒÂ¡szat), amelyek versenykÃƒÂ©pesek az importtal, sÃ…Â‘t fokozott lehetÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©g van exportjukra. ÃƒÂ‰s ami az egÃƒÂ©sz kÃƒÂ­nai tÃƒÂ¡rsadalom szempontjÃƒÂ¡bÃƒÂ³l talÃƒÂ¡n a legfonto-sabb: a kormÃƒÂ¡nyzati szÃƒÂ¡ndÃƒÂ©k ÃƒÂ©s felelÃ…Â‘ssÃƒÂ©g kinyilvÃƒÂ¡nÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sa egy ÃƒÂºj gazdasÃƒÂ¡gpolitikai paradigma megvalÃƒÂ³sÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sa mellett. Ennek lÃƒÂ©nyege pedig nem mÃƒÂ¡s, mint a kormÃƒÂ¡ny-zat (ÃƒÂ¡llam) kÃƒÂ¶zvetlen gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi beavatkozÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡nak ÃƒÂ©s tevÃ…Â‘leges rÃƒÂ©szvÃƒÂ©telÃƒÂ©nek feladÃƒÂ¡-sa, ÃƒÂ©s ÃƒÂ¡talakÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sa egy indirekt szabÃƒÂ¡lyozÃƒÂ³ szereppÃƒÂ©. Egy ilyen irÃƒÂ¡nyÃƒÂº ÃƒÂ¡talakulÃƒÂ¡ssal KÃƒÂ­na nagy esÃƒÂ©llyel indulhat el elÃ…Â‘nyeinek maximÃƒÂ¡lis kihasznÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ¡sa ÃƒÂ©s hÃƒÂ¡trÃƒÂ¡nyt jelen-tÃ…Â‘ kÃƒÂ¶ltsÃƒÂ©geinek minimalizÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ¡sa irÃƒÂ¡nyÃƒÂ¡ba, amelynek eredmÃƒÂ©nyekÃƒÂ©nt a XXI. szÃƒÂ¡zadi vilÃƒÂ¡ggazdasÃƒÂ¡g egyik motorjÃƒÂ¡vÃƒÂ¡ vÃƒÂ¡lhat. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Chine has set out on the road to the transformation of Chinese agriculture aimed at developing an environment for market economy as demanded by her membership of WTO. The earlier centrally directed economy has been fundamentally changed with respect to both internal and external relationships. Customs and tariffs were continuously and significantly lowered, many laws and regulations were gradually changed and alterations have been made to the definition of priorities in investments and long-term strategies in economic policies. Of the possible changes the most obvious and important measures are increases in supporting investments leading to improved efficiency (a measure that WTO does not limit), increases in funds for agricultural research, improvements to the infrastructure of countryside (mainly to roads) and establishment and operation of a countrywide information network. Beyond these measures Chine has to establish the means for complying with the limitations of trade applying to her and with regulations controlling animal and plant health. It is also in the interest of Chine to promote the development of some special areas such as where Chine enjoys a comparative advantage (garden products, fruits, animal products, fishing), areas competitive with imports or even have export potentials. What is most important from the point of view of the entire Chinese society is the confirmation of governmental intention and acceptance of governmental responsibility for the establishment of a new economical paradigm. The essence of this is none other than abandoning direct government (state) intervention and participation in the economy and adopting instead an indirect, regulating role. Such transformations could give Chine a good chance to exploit her advantages maximally and minimise disadvantageous costs and thus become an engine of the 21st CenturyÃ¢Â€Â™s world economy.</abstract>
  <keywords>piacgazdasÃƒÂ¡gi ÃƒÂ¡talakulÃƒÂ¡s, agrÃƒÂ¡rgazdasÃƒÂ¡g, agrÃƒÂ¡rpolitika, agrÃƒÂ¡rreform, WTO kÃƒÂ¶vetelmÃƒÂ©nyek - transformation to market economy, agriculture, agricultural policies, WTO requirements, Agricultural and Food Policy, Public Economics,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>5</issue>
   <issuedate>2005</issuedate>
   <volume>49</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/54336</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Tompe, Ferenc</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:54330</identifier><datestamp>2009-11-13</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:54330">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>A MAGYAR MEZÃ…ÂGAZDASÃƒÂG ELSÃ…Â ÃƒÂ‰VE AZ EURÃƒÂ“PAI UNIÃƒÂ“BAN</title>
  <abstract>2004. mÃƒÂ¡jus elsejÃƒÂ©n lezÃƒÂ¡rult egy hosszÃƒÂº felkÃƒÂ©szÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ©si idÃ…Â‘szak a magyar mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡g szÃƒÂ¡mÃƒÂ¡ra ÃƒÂ©s Ã¢Â€Â“ bizonyos korlÃƒÂ¡tozÃƒÂ¡sokkal Ã¢Â€Â“ hatÃƒÂ¡lyba lÃƒÂ©ptek az EurÃƒÂ³pai UniÃƒÂ³ KÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶s AgrÃƒÂ¡rpolitikÃƒÂ¡jÃƒÂ¡nak szabÃƒÂ¡lyai, rendelkezÃƒÂ©sei. A tanulmÃƒÂ¡ny vizsgÃƒÂ¡lja az agrÃƒÂ¡rgazdasÃƒÂ¡g 2004. ÃƒÂ©vi jÃƒÂ¶vedelmeinek alakulÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡t, illetve azt, hogy ebben milyen szerepet jÃƒÂ¡tszottak az EU-csatlakozÃƒÂ¡s mÃƒÂ©rlegÃƒÂ©nek pozitÃƒÂ­v ÃƒÂ©s negatÃƒÂ­v serpenyÃ…Â‘jÃƒÂ©be helyezhetÃ…Â‘ tÃƒÂ©nyezÃ…Â‘k. Az elÃ…Â‘bbiek sorÃƒÂ¡ban megemlÃƒÂ­thetÃ…Â‘k a kÃƒÂ¶vetkezÃ…Â‘k: a tÃƒÂ¡mogatÃƒÂ¡si keretek nÃƒÂ¶vekedÃƒÂ©se, ÃƒÂºj pÃƒÂ¡lyÃƒÂ¡zati lehetÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©gek, a spontÃƒÂ¡n piaci ingadozÃƒÂ¡sok mÃƒÂ©rsÃƒÂ©klÃƒÂ©se, a vÃƒÂ¡rhatÃƒÂ³an ÃƒÂ¡llandÃƒÂ³bb szabÃƒÂ¡lyozÃƒÂ¡si kÃƒÂ¶rnyezet, valamint a nagyobb termelÃ…Â‘i jÃƒÂ¶vedelmek. A negatÃƒÂ­vumok sorÃƒÂ¡ban kiemelhetÃ…Â‘k: az intÃƒÂ©zmÃƒÂ©nyrendszer felkÃƒÂ©szÃƒÂ¼letlensÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©bÃ…Â‘l eredÃ…Â‘ tÃƒÂ¡mogatÃƒÂ¡s-kifizetÃƒÂ©si problÃƒÂ©mÃƒÂ¡k s az ebbÃ…Â‘l adÃƒÂ³dÃƒÂ³ pÃƒÂ©nzhiÃƒÂ¡ny, a versenykÃƒÂ©pessÃƒÂ©g (remÃƒÂ©lhetÃ…Â‘leg ÃƒÂ¡tmeneti) romlÃƒÂ¡sa, az ÃƒÂ¡llattenyÃƒÂ©sztÃƒÂ©s visszaesÃƒÂ©se, az export-import egyenlegÃƒÂ©nek csÃƒÂ¶kkenÃƒÂ©se. BÃƒÂ¡r a csatlakozÃƒÂ¡snak a pozitÃƒÂ­v kÃƒÂ¶vetkezmÃƒÂ©nyek mellett szÃƒÂ¡mos kellemetlen Ã¢Â€ÂžmellÃƒÂ©khatÃƒÂ¡saÃ¢Â€Â is volt, az agrÃƒÂ¡rjÃƒÂ¶vedelmek az utÃƒÂ³bbi ÃƒÂ¶t ÃƒÂ©v alatt 2004-ben emelkedtek a legmagasabb szintre. A jÃƒÂ¶vÃ…Â‘re nÃƒÂ©zve nagy valÃƒÂ³szÃƒÂ­nÃ…Â±sÃƒÂ©ggel ÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ­thatÃƒÂ³, hogy az intÃƒÂ©zmÃƒÂ©nyi rendszer stabilizÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ³dÃƒÂ¡sa ÃƒÂ©s a piacok megszervezÃ…Â‘dÃƒÂ©se utÃƒÂ¡n a jÃƒÂ³l vezetett, szakosodott gazdasÃƒÂ¡gok a csatlakozÃƒÂ¡s nyertesei lesznek. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX For Hungarian agriculture a long period of preparation has ended in May 2004 and the rules and orders of the Common Agricultural Policy of European Union within certain limits have become applicable. This study examines the development of incomes in agricultural and the role of positive and negative factors affecting them due to having joined the EU. The earlier factors include primarily increases in agricultural supports, new opportunities for applying for funds, moderation of spontaneous market fluctuations, a foreseeable legislative environment of increased stability and increased income for the producers. The negative factors include support-payment problems deriving from unprepared systems of institutions leading consequently to lack of funds, deterioration of competitiveness (hopefully transitionally), decline of animal husbandry and decline of export-import balance. Although a number of positive factors was balanced by a number of unpleasant Ã¢Â€Âœside-effectsÃ¢Â€Â, agricultural incomes in the past five years increased to the highest level in 2004. With respect to the future, it can be forecast with confidence that well-managed and well-specialised farms will become the winners of HungaryÃ¢Â€Â™s accession to the European Union once the systems of institutions are stabilised and markets are organised.</abstract>
  <keywords>EU-csatlakozÃƒÂ¡s, KÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶s AgrÃƒÂ¡rpolitika, agrÃƒÂ¡rjÃƒÂ¶vedelmek, versenykÃƒÂ©pessÃƒÂ©g, eredmÃƒÂ©nyszemlÃƒÂ©let, pÃƒÂ©nzforgalmi szemlÃƒÂ©let - Joining the EU, Common Agricultural Policy, agricultural incomes, competitiveness, cash-flow aspects, Agricultural and Food Policy,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>5</issue>
   <issuedate>2005</issuedate>
   <volume>49</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/54330</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Kovacs, Gabor</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Udovecz, Gabor</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:54307</identifier><datestamp>2009-11-13</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:54307">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>A ZÃƒÂ–LDSÃƒÂ‰GEK FOGYASZTÃƒÂSÃƒÂNAK VÃƒÂLTOZÃƒÂSA AZ ELMÃƒÂšLT ÃƒÂ‰VTIZEDBEN, A JÃƒÂ–VEDELMI KATEGÃƒÂ“RIÃƒÂK TÃƒÂœKRÃƒÂ‰BEN</title>
  <abstract>A zÃƒÂ¶ldsÃƒÂ©gfÃƒÂ©lÃƒÂ©k fogyasztÃƒÂ¡sa a vizsgÃƒÂ¡lt idÃ…Â‘szakban, 1993 ÃƒÂ©s 2002 kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶tt 56 ÃƒÂ©s 64 kg/fÃ…Â‘/ÃƒÂ©v kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶tt ingadozott, de mÃƒÂ­g a legalacsonyabb jÃƒÂ¶vedelmÃ…Â±ek csoportjÃƒÂ¡ban ez 42,3 kg/fÃ…Â‘/ÃƒÂ©v volt csupÃƒÂ¡n, addig a legnagyobb jÃƒÂ¶vedelmÃ…Â±ek csoportjÃƒÂ¡ban ez 83,7 kg/fÃ…Â‘/ÃƒÂ©v-et tett ki. Fontos megemlÃƒÂ­teni, hogy 2002-ben minden jÃƒÂ¶vedelmi csoportban kevesebb zÃƒÂ¶ldsÃƒÂ©get fogyasztottak, mint 1993-ban! A tartÃƒÂ³sÃƒÂ­tott zÃƒÂ¶ld-sÃƒÂ©gek fogyasztÃƒÂ¡sa minden jÃƒÂ¶vedelmi csoportban emelkedett, kÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¶nÃƒÂ¶sen a legna-gyobb jÃƒÂ¶vedelmÃ…Â±ek kÃƒÂ¶rÃƒÂ©ben. Figyelemre mÃƒÂ©ltÃƒÂ³, hogy a legkisebb ÃƒÂ©s legnagyobb jÃƒÂ¶vedelmÃ…Â±ek csoportjÃƒÂ¡ban a fogyasztott mennyisÃƒÂ©gekben a sÃƒÂ¡rgarÃƒÂ©pa, petrezselyem, vÃƒÂ¶rÃƒÂ¶shagyma, fejes- ÃƒÂ©s kelkÃƒÂ¡poszta esetÃƒÂ©ben kisebbek a kÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¶nbsÃƒÂ©gek, mint a zÃƒÂ¶ldbab, zÃƒÂ¶ldpaprika, pa-radicsom esetÃƒÂ©ben, vagyis a jobb mÃƒÂ³dÃƒÂºak ez utÃƒÂ³bbiakbÃƒÂ³l tÃƒÂ¶bbet fogyasztottak. Mindezek tÃƒÂ¡mpontul szolgÃƒÂ¡lhatnak a fogyasztÃƒÂ¡si szokÃƒÂ¡sok befolyÃƒÂ¡solÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡hoz ÃƒÂ©s a kÃƒÂ­nÃƒÂ¡lati ÃƒÂ¡rak rugalmasabb alakÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡hoz. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Vegetable consumption fluctuated between 56 and 64 kg/head/year, during the period under investigation, 1993 to 2002. However, while consumption was a mere 42.3 kg/head/year in the lowest income group, it reached 83.7 kg/head/year in the highest income group. It is important to note that in 2002, all income groups consumed fewer vegetables than in 1993! The consumption of preserved vegetables rose in all income groups, but particularly in the highest. It is notable that there was less variance in the lowest and highest income groupsÃ¢Â€Â™ consumption of carrots, parsley, onions, ordinary cabbage and savoy cabbage than of green beans, green peppers and tomatoes: the latter having a higher consumption rate among the well-off. All this may lend support to the influencing of consumer habits and more flexible supply pricing.</abstract>
  <keywords>csÃƒÂ¶kkenÃƒÂ©s a zÃƒÂ¶ldsÃƒÂ©gfogyasztÃƒÂ¡sban, fogyasztÃƒÂ³i szokÃƒÂ¡s vÃƒÂ¡ltozÃƒÂ¡s, ÃƒÂ¡rÃƒÂ©rzÃƒÂ©kenysÃƒÂ©g - decrease in vegetable consumption, changes of consumers' habit, price sensibility, Agribusiness, Consumer/Household Economics, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>3</issue>
   <issuedate>2005</issuedate>
   <volume>49</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/54307</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Pecze, Denes</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Kiss, Oszkar Zsolt</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Szekely, Geza</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:54414</identifier><datestamp>2009-11-13</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:54414">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>TOURISM AS A WAY OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT</title>
  <abstract>Tourism is one of the most complex industries of world and national economy. The income of tourism has a substantial direct or indirect influence on the other sectors while its performance depends on the condition of the environment. Tourism can bring positive and negative influences as well for a region. This branch has big impression on financial balance and as an invisible export it creases the incomes of the country. This sector requires live labour that is why it is an important factor in occupation policy and it can help the economy of underdeveloped regions to catch up. In the case of Hungary tourism is the most economic activity of the production of foreign exchange as well. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX A turizmus a vilÃƒÂ¡ggazdasÃƒÂ¡g egyik legÃƒÂ¶sszetettebb iparÃƒÂ¡ga, valamint a nemzetgazdasÃƒÂ¡g egyik legfontosabb ÃƒÂ¡gazata. BevÃƒÂ©telei jelentÃ…Â‘s kÃƒÂ¶zvetlen vagy kÃƒÂ¶zvetett hatÃƒÂ¡st gyakorolnak a tÃƒÂ¶bbi szektorra, mikÃƒÂ¶zben teljesÃƒÂ­tmÃƒÂ©nye nagymÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kben fÃƒÂ¼gg kÃƒÂ¶rnyezete ÃƒÂ¡llapotÃƒÂ¡tÃƒÂ³l. Az idegenforgalom pozitÃƒÂ­v ÃƒÂ©s negatÃƒÂ­v hatÃƒÂ¡sokat egyarÃƒÂ¡nt okozhat egy adott tÃƒÂ©rsÃƒÂ©gben. Az ÃƒÂ¡gazat kedvezÃ…Â‘ hatÃƒÂ¡st gyakorol a fizetÃƒÂ©si mÃƒÂ©rlegre, valamint lÃƒÂ¡thatatlan exportkÃƒÂ©nt nÃƒÂ¶veli az orszÃƒÂ¡g bevÃƒÂ©telÃƒÂ©t. ÃƒÂ‰lÃ…Â‘munka igÃƒÂ©nyes, ezÃƒÂ©rt jelentÃ…Â‘s foglalkoztatÃƒÂ¡spolitikai tÃƒÂ©nyezÃ…Â‘ ÃƒÂ©s elÃ…Â‘segÃƒÂ­theti a hÃƒÂ¡trÃƒÂ¡nyos helyzetÃ…Â± tÃƒÂ©rsÃƒÂ©gek gazdasÃƒÂ¡gÃƒÂ¡nak felzÃƒÂ¡rkÃƒÂ³zÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡t. A turizmus MagyarorszÃƒÂ¡gon a leggazdasÃƒÂ¡gosabb devizatermelÃ…Â‘ tevÃƒÂ©kenysÃƒÂ©g.</abstract>
  <keywords>developing tercier sector, pozitiv effect on financial ballance, high live labour, fejlÃ…Â‘dÃ…Â‘ harmadik szektor, pozitÃƒÂ­v hatÃƒÂ¡s a pÃƒÂ©nzÃƒÂ¼gyi mÃƒÂ©rlegre, magas ÃƒÂ©lÃ…Â‘munkaigÃƒÂ©ny, Agricultural and Food Policy, Community/Rural/Urban Development,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>12</issue>
   <issuedate>2005</issuedate>
   <volume>49</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/54414</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Walter, Virag</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:54420</identifier><datestamp>2009-11-13</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:54420">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>ÃƒÂRVÃƒÂZVÃƒÂ‰DELMI TÃƒÂ–LTÃƒÂ‰SEK GYEPTAKARÃƒÂ“INAK HASZNA</title>
  <abstract>Az ÃƒÂ¡rvÃƒÂ­zvÃƒÂ©delmi tÃƒÂ¶ltÃƒÂ©sek vÃƒÂ©delmÃƒÂ©ben, az ÃƒÂ¡rvizek levonulÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡ban, ezÃƒÂ¡ltal ma-gÃƒÂ¡ban az ÃƒÂ¡rvÃƒÂ­zvÃƒÂ©delemben a gyepesÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©snek jelentÃ…Â‘s szerepe van. GazdasÃƒÂ¡gossÃƒÂ¡gÃƒÂ¡t nem lehet egzakt mÃƒÂ³don bizonyÃƒÂ­tani, hiszen mÃƒÂ­g a lÃƒÂ©tesÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©si ÃƒÂ©s fenntartÃƒÂ¡si kÃƒÂ¶ltsÃƒÂ©geket egyÃƒÂ©rtelmÃ…Â±en meghatÃƒÂ¡rozhatjuk, a bevÃƒÂ©teli oldal ÃƒÂ¶sszetett ÃƒÂ©s nehezen szÃƒÂ¡mszerÃ…Â±sÃƒÂ­thetÃ…Â‘. Az ÃƒÂ¡rvÃƒÂ­zvÃƒÂ©delmi fÃƒÂ¶ldgÃƒÂ¡tak gyepesÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©nek tÃƒÂ¡rsadalmi hasznossÃƒÂ¡ga ÃƒÂ©s gazda-sÃƒÂ¡gi elÃ…Â‘nye mÃƒÂ©gis vitathatatlan: - kÃƒÂ¶zvetlen gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi haszon: pl. fÃ…Â±termÃƒÂ©s ÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kesÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©bÃ…Â‘l szÃƒÂ¡rmazÃƒÂ³ bevÃƒÂ©tel; - kÃƒÂ¶zvetett gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi haszon: a kockÃƒÂ¡ztatott vagyonÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©k sikeres vÃƒÂ©delme, emberÃƒÂ©let vÃƒÂ©delme (nehezen szÃƒÂ¡mszerÃ…Â±sÃƒÂ­thetÃ…Â‘, mÃƒÂ©rÃƒÂ©se a mikrorizikÃƒÂ³ (Ã¯ÂÂ­r) fogal-mÃƒÂ¡nak bevezetÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©vel vÃƒÂ¡lt kivitelezhetÃ…Â‘vÃƒÂ©); - a tÃƒÂ¡rsadalom szÃƒÂ¡mÃƒÂ¡ra is tÃƒÂ¶bb szempontbÃƒÂ³l kedvezÃ…Â‘ hatÃƒÂ¡ssal van: Ã¢Â€Â¢ rekreÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³s lehetÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©get nyÃƒÂºjt a termÃƒÂ©szetbe kirÃƒÂ¡ndulÃƒÂ³knak; Ã¢Â€Â¢ megfelelÃ…Â‘ fenntartÃƒÂ¡s esetÃƒÂ©n a gyomosodÃƒÂ¡s visszaszorÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡val egÃƒÂ©szsÃƒÂ©g-ÃƒÂ¼gyi jelentÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©ge is vitathatatlan; Ã¢Â€Â¢ a kÃƒÂ¶rnyezetvÃƒÂ©delmi szerepe sem elhanyagolhatÃƒÂ³. ProblÃƒÂ©mÃƒÂ¡t jelent egyelÃ…Â‘re, hogy a gÃƒÂ¡tak ÃƒÂ©s a hozzÃƒÂ¡juk tartozÃƒÂ³ gyeptakarÃƒÂ³ fenntartÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡val foglalkozÃƒÂ³ ÃƒÂ¡llami szerveknek nem ÃƒÂ¡ll rendelkezÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ¼kre elÃƒÂ©g forrÃƒÂ¡s, hogy tÃƒÂ¶kÃƒÂ©letesen vÃƒÂ©gezhessÃƒÂ©k munkÃƒÂ¡jukat (fenntartÃƒÂ¡si munkÃƒÂ¡latokkal, mint pÃƒÂ©l-dÃƒÂ¡ul kaszÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ¡ssal, vagy vegyszeres nÃƒÂ¶vÃƒÂ©nyzetszabÃƒÂ¡lyozÃƒÂ¡ssal ezen gyepfelÃƒÂ¼letek esetÃƒÂ©ben is kalkulÃƒÂ¡lni kell), de a tÃƒÂ¡rsadalmi szemlÃƒÂ©let fokozatos vÃƒÂ¡ltozÃƒÂ¡sa talÃƒÂ¡n ennek kedvezÃ…Â‘ alakulÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡t is eredmÃƒÂ©nyezi a jÃƒÂ¶vÃ…Â‘ben. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX The turfing of flood-prevention dykes plays a significant role in the protection of the dykes, the subsidence of floodwaters and, therefore, in actually protecting against flooding. Its economic efficiency cannot be proven in an exact manner, because, while the establishment and maintenance costs can be clearly defined, the income side is complex and difficult to enumerate.</abstract>
  <keywords>ÃƒÂ¡rvÃƒÂ­zvÃƒÂ©delem, kockÃƒÂ¡zat, gyepfelÃƒÂ¼let, vagyon, gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi haszon, direct and indirect economic benefits, Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, Farm Management, Health Economics and Policy,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>6</issue>
   <issuedate>2005</issuedate>
   <volume>49</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/54420</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Felkai, Beata Olga</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:54411</identifier><datestamp>2009-11-13</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:54411">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>TAX POLICY ISSUES - TAXATION OF HUNGARIAN AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITY</title>
  <abstract>In modern market economies the majority of state revenues is derived from taxation. Since 1988 the Hungarian regulations on taxation follow the practices of developed countries. The system of burdening is focused/based more and more on consumption instead of production as a result of tax reforms. The different types of enterprises and their activities are subjected to various taxation rules. Unfavourable conditions in agriculture (higher risk, lower profitability) are controlled through the adjustments or reduced tax rates and application of various kinds of tax allowances. The study examines both the theoretical and practical elements of income taxation in the enlarged Europe, particularly the tax schemes employed in HungaryÃ¢Â€Â™s agriculture in the period around the EU ac-cession. These investigations are focused also on prospective changes and their consequences for the near future in this regard. In new member states lower in-come tax rates are applied, and agriculture is a distinguished sector in this regard of the economy. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX A modern piacgazdasÃƒÂ¡gok esetÃƒÂ©ben az ÃƒÂ¡llami bevÃƒÂ©telek jelentÃ…Â‘s rÃƒÂ©sze az adÃƒÂ³kbÃƒÂ³l szÃƒÂ¡rmazik. 1988 ÃƒÂ³ta az adÃƒÂ³rendszer szabÃƒÂ¡lyozÃƒÂ¡sa MagyarorszÃƒÂ¡gon a fejlett orszÃƒÂ¡gok gyakorlatÃƒÂ¡t kÃƒÂ¶veti. Az adÃƒÂ³ztatÃƒÂ¡s sÃƒÂºlypontja a termelÃƒÂ©st terhelÃ…Â‘ adÃƒÂ³krÃƒÂ³l a fogyasztÃƒÂ¡st terhelÃ…Â‘ adÃƒÂ³kra helyezÃ…Â‘dÃƒÂ¶tt ÃƒÂ¡t. Az egyes vÃƒÂ¡llalkozÃƒÂ¡si formÃƒÂ¡kra, az eltÃƒÂ©rÃ…Â‘ gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi tevÃƒÂ©kenysÃƒÂ©gekre mÃƒÂ¡s ÃƒÂ©s mÃƒÂ¡s adÃƒÂ³zÃƒÂ¡si szabÃƒÂ¡lyok vannak ÃƒÂ©rvÃƒÂ©nyben. A mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡g kedvezÃ…Â‘tlen adottsÃƒÂ¡-gait (pl. a magasabb kockÃƒÂ¡zat, alacsonyabb jÃƒÂ¶vedelmezÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©g) a szabÃƒÂ¡lyozÃƒÂ³rend-szer alacsonyabb adÃƒÂ³kulcsokkal, illetve kÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¶nfÃƒÂ©le adÃƒÂ³kedvezmÃƒÂ©nyekkel igyekszik kompenzÃƒÂ¡lni. A tanulmÃƒÂ¡ny a jÃƒÂ¶vedelemadÃƒÂ³zÃƒÂ¡s elmÃƒÂ©leti ÃƒÂ©s gyakorlati kÃƒÂ©rdÃƒÂ©seinek elemeit vizsgÃƒÂ¡lja a kibÃ…Â‘vÃƒÂ¼lt EurÃƒÂ³pai UniÃƒÂ³ban, kÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¶nÃƒÂ¶s tekintettel a magyar me-zÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡gra vonatkozÃƒÂ³ adÃƒÂ³zÃƒÂ¡si gyakorlatra. A vizsgÃƒÂ¡latok kiterjednek a kÃƒÂ¶zeli jÃƒÂ¶vÃ…Â‘ben vÃƒÂ¡rhatÃƒÂ³ vÃƒÂ¡ltozÃƒÂ¡sokra, esetleges kÃƒÂ¶vetkezmÃƒÂ©nyekre egyarÃƒÂ¡nt.</abstract>
  <keywords>taxation hole, primary producers, European outlook, adÃƒÂ³zÃƒÂ¡si luk, mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi Ã…Â‘stermelÃ…Â‘, eurÃƒÂ³pai kitekintÃƒÂ©s, Agricultural and Food Policy, Public Economics,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>12</issue>
   <issuedate>2005</issuedate>
   <volume>49</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/54411</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Molnar, Barna</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Goda, Matyas</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Kocsis-Andrasik, Agnes</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:54407</identifier><datestamp>2009-11-13</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:54407">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>COMPETITIVE STRATEGIES ON THE MEAT PRODUCTS MARKET</title>
  <abstract>The Hungarian meat-market can be characterised by intensive transitions both in market actors and product-structure. There is a decrease in the consumption of pork and at the same time in this category an increase in the share of processed meat products. There are also increasing differences in the quality and price-level of processed meat products. This transition highlights the importance of relations between the meat production industry and the meat retail trade. In the framework of a field-study we have analysed the opinions of more than two hundred meat trade specialist on supplier-retailer relationships. The responses have been analysed by one- and multivariate statistics. The results of the research confirm that the overwhelming majority of retailers consider a wide choice of products and flexibility to be a necessary precondition of success. The cheap product-line is no longer in itself enough for the achievement of sustainable market development. Retail enterprises attach great importance to marketing activities undertaken in partnership with the meat industry. The competition between meat suppliers is an especially intensive one in larger towns and in the capital. The maintenance of their partnership with the meat industry is regarded as an important success factor among managers of dynamic, growth-oriented firms. As confirmed by our structural mathematical model, the conflict level between meat-processor and retailer is diminishing with increasing levels of competition. The level of co-operation is increasing with the flexibility of meat producers and the sharing of market intelligence. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX A magyar hÃƒÂºsipari termÃƒÂ©kek mind a piaci szereplÃ…Â‘k, mind a forgalmazott termÃƒÂ©kek megoszlÃƒÂ¡sa szempontjÃƒÂ¡bÃƒÂ³l mÃƒÂ©lyrehatÃƒÂ³ vÃƒÂ¡ltozÃƒÂ¡sok tanÃƒÂºi lehetÃƒÂ¼nk. A sertÃƒÂ©shÃƒÂºs Ã¢Â€Â“fogyasztÃƒÂ¡s erÃ…Â‘teljesen csÃƒÂ¶kken, ÃƒÂ©s ezen belÃƒÂ¼l nÃ…Â‘ a hÃƒÂºskÃƒÂ©szÃƒÂ­tmÃƒÂ©nyek arÃƒÂ¡nya. A felodogozott hÃƒÂºsipari termÃƒÂ©kek kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶tt minÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©gben ÃƒÂ©s ÃƒÂ¡rban egyre nÃƒÂ¶-vekvÃ…Â‘ kÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¶nbsÃƒÂ©gek tapasztalhatÃƒÂ³k. Az ÃƒÂ¡talakulÃƒÂ³ helyzet fokozottan ÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ­tja elÃ…Â‘-tÃƒÂ©rbe a hÃƒÂºsipari-vÃƒÂ¡llalat Ã¢Â€Â“ÃƒÂ©lelmiszerkereskedelem kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶tti kapcsolatrendszer fon-tossÃƒÂ¡gÃƒÂ¡t. VizsgÃƒÂ¡lataink sorÃƒÂ¡n tÃƒÂ¶bb mint kÃƒÂ©tszÃƒÂ¡z boltvezetÃ…Â‘ vÃƒÂ©lemÃƒÂ©nyÃƒÂ©t kÃƒÂ©rdeztÃƒÂ¼k meg a hÃƒÂºskÃƒÂ©szÃƒÂ­tmÃƒÂ©nyek gyÃƒÂ¡rtÃƒÂ³ival fenntartott kapcsolataikrÃƒÂ³l. A vÃƒÂ¡laszokat egy Ã¢Â€Â“ÃƒÂ©s tÃƒÂ¶bbvÃƒÂ¡ltozÃƒÂ³s matematikai-statisztiaki mÃƒÂ³dszerekkel elemeztÃƒÂ¼k. KutatÃƒÂ¡saink azt igazoljÃƒÂ¡k, hogy a kereskedelmi vÃƒÂ¡llalkozÃƒÂ¡sok meghatÃƒÂ¡rozÃƒÂ³ tÃƒÂ¶bbsÃƒÂ©ge a siker alapvetÃ…Â‘ feltÃƒÂ©telÃƒÂ©nek tekinti a szÃƒÂ©les termÃƒÂ©kvÃƒÂ¡lasztÃƒÂ©kot ÃƒÂ©s a rugalmas piaci rea-gÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ¡st. ÃƒÂ–nmagÃƒÂ¡ban az olcsÃƒÂ³sÃƒÂ¡gra tÃƒÂ¶rekvÃƒÂ©s mÃƒÂ¡r nem elegendÃ…Â‘ a fenntarthatÃƒÂ³ pia-ci nÃƒÂ¶vekedÃƒÂ©s elÃƒÂ©rÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©hez. A vÃƒÂ¡llalkozÃƒÂ¡sok nagy jelentÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©get tulajdonÃƒÂ­tanak a hÃƒÂºs-iparral kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶sen vÃƒÂ©gzett piacbefolyÃƒÂ¡solÃƒÂ³ tevÃƒÂ©kenysÃƒÂ©gnek. A megkÃƒÂ©rdezett keres-kedÃ…Â‘k kedvezÃ…Â‘tlenÃƒÂ¼l ÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©keltÃƒÂ©k azt a minÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©gcsÃƒÂ¶kkenÃƒÂ©st, mely az alacsonyabb hozzÃƒÂ¡adott-ÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©k tartalmÃƒÂº hÃƒÂºsipari termÃƒÂ©keket jellemezte. A hÃƒÂºsipari vÃƒÂ¡llalatok kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶tti verseny kÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¶nÃƒÂ¶sen erÃ…Â‘teljes a vÃƒÂ¡rosokban ÃƒÂ©s a fÃ…Â‘vÃƒÂ¡rosban. A dinamikus, nÃƒÂ¶vekedÃƒÂ©s-orientÃƒÂ¡lt kereskedelmi vÃƒÂ¡llalkozÃƒÂ¡sok veze-tÃ…Â‘i fokozott jelentÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©get tulajdonÃƒÂ­tanak a hÃƒÂºsiparral fenntartott, intenzÃƒÂ­v partneri kapcsolatoknak. StrukturÃƒÂ¡lis egyenletekkel igazoltuk, hogy a hÃƒÂºsipar-kereskedÃ…Â‘ kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶tti konf-liktusok szintjÃƒÂ©t nagymÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kben csÃƒÂ¶kkenti a hÃƒÂºsipari vÃƒÂ¡llalatok kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶tti erÃ…Â‘teljes verseny. Az egyÃƒÂ¼ttmÃ…Â±kÃƒÂ¶dÃƒÂ©st hatÃƒÂ©konyan javÃƒÂ­thatja a hÃƒÂºsipari szÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ³k rugal-massÃƒÂ¡ga ÃƒÂ©s a piaci informÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³k megosztÃƒÂ¡sa.</abstract>
  <keywords>quality price-value, questionnary, analysis- minÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©g ÃƒÂ¡r-ÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©k, felmÃƒÂ©rÃƒÂ©s, egyÃƒÂ¼ttmÃ…Â±kÃƒÂ¶dÃƒÂ©s szerepe, Agribusiness, Livestock Production/Industries, Marketing,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>12</issue>
   <issuedate>2005</issuedate>
   <volume>49</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/54407</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Lakner, Zoltan</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Reti, Attila</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:57655</identifier><datestamp>2010-03-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:57655">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>ÃƒÂ‰LELMISZER-KERESKEDELEM A BALATON KIEMELT ÃƒÂœDÃƒÂœLÃ…ÂKÃƒÂ–R-ZETBEN</title>
  <abstract>MegÃƒÂ¡llapÃƒÂ­thatÃƒÂ³, hogy a BalatonnÃƒÂ¡l a kis- ÃƒÂ©s kÃƒÂ¶zepes vÃƒÂ¡llalkozÃƒÂ¡sok csak ÃƒÂºgy kÃƒÂ©pesek felvenni a versenyt a globalizÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³ kÃƒÂ¶vetkeztÃƒÂ©ben piacot hÃƒÂ³dÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ³ multina-cionÃƒÂ¡lis vÃƒÂ¡llalatokkal, hogy ÃƒÂ¼zlethÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ³zatokba tÃƒÂ¶mÃƒÂ¶rÃƒÂ¼lnek. A kis- ÃƒÂ©s kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ©pvÃƒÂ¡llal-kozÃƒÂ¡soknak kÃƒÂ­nÃƒÂ¡lnak megoldÃƒÂ¡st a szÃƒÂ¶vetkezetek, amelyek ÃƒÂ¼zletlÃƒÂ¡ncok kiÃƒÂ©pÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©-vel, az orszÃƒÂ¡g egÃƒÂ©szÃƒÂ©re kiterjedÃ…Â‘ ÃƒÂ©lelmiszer-kiskereskedelmi hÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ³zattal rendel-keznek. Az azonos logo mÃƒÂ¡r maga is forgalomstabilizÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ³ tÃƒÂ©nyezÃ…Â‘, az egysÃƒÂ©ges ÃƒÂ¡r-politika, az orszÃƒÂ¡gosan ÃƒÂ©s regionÃƒÂ¡lisan ÃƒÂ¶sszehangolt ÃƒÂ¡rengedmÃƒÂ©nyes akciÃƒÂ³k hoz-zÃƒÂ¡jÃƒÂ¡rulnak a forgalom nÃƒÂ¶vekedÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©hez, igazodva a magyarorszÃƒÂ¡gi fogyasztÃƒÂ³i pi-achoz ÃƒÂ©s vÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡rlÃƒÂ¡si szokÃƒÂ¡sokhoz. Tulajdonosi ÃƒÂ©s szerkezeti viszonyait illetÃ…Â‘en sajÃƒÂ¡-tos kettÃ…Â‘ssÃƒÂ©g jellemzi a kereskedelmet. Az egyik oldalon a tÃ…Â‘keerÃ…Â‘s multinacionÃƒÂ¡-lis vÃƒÂ¡llalatok Ã¢Â€Â“ amelyek ÃƒÂºj mÃƒÂ³dszereket ÃƒÂ©s nehÃƒÂ©z versenyhelyzetet eredmÃƒÂ©nyeznek Ã¢Â€Â“, a mÃƒÂ¡sik oldalon a nagyszÃƒÂ¡mÃƒÂº kis- ÃƒÂ©s kÃƒÂ¶zepes cÃƒÂ©g talÃƒÂ¡lhatÃƒÂ³, utolÃƒÂ©rhetetlen szakmai lelemÃƒÂ©nyessÃƒÂ©ggel ÃƒÂ©s alkalmazkodÃƒÂ³kÃƒÂ©pessÃƒÂ©ggel. - Because of privatisation, basic changes took place in the Hungarian retail trade sector in the Ã¢Â€Â˜90s. New enterprises were established as a result of the changes in ownership and customersÃ¢Â€Â™ habits. Foreign capital entering Hungary caused significant changes in the economy within a single decade. Because of the significant multiplier effects of foreign capital, new controlling systems, new approaches to work, new services and a new financial background were established. Among the economic sectors of Lake BalatonÃ¢Â€Â™s Resort Areas the development is mostly observable in the retail trade. Retail chains and shopping centres own modern equipment and provide a satisfactory selection, through external capital investments. They were able to build up new networks and distribution systems. At the same time retail trade declined as micro enterprises with few employees lost their position in the area. The Hungarian food-trade sectorÃ¢Â€Â™s answer to the appearance on the market of trade companies well provided with capital was the establishment of Ã¢Â€ÂœchainsÃ¢Â€Â. This change made it possible for small sized enter-prises to be competitive against the big companies in the field of commerce.</abstract>
  <keywords>ÃƒÂ©lelmiszer-kereskedelem, koncentrÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³, kisvÃƒÂ¡llalkozÃƒÂ¡sok, lehetÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©gek, food trade, concentration, small enterprises, facilities, International Relations/Trade,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>1</issue>
   <issuedate>2007</issuedate>
   <volume>51</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/57655</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Peter, Erzsebet</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:57718</identifier><datestamp>2010-03-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:57718">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>A FONTOSABB HAZAI TERMÃƒÂ‰KPÃƒÂLYÃƒÂK ÃƒÂRALKUINAK JELLEMZÃ…ÂI</title>
  <abstract>A termÃƒÂ©kpÃƒÂ¡lyÃƒÂ¡k tagoltsÃƒÂ¡ga, a termÃƒÂ©kpÃƒÂ¡lya-fÃƒÂ¡zisok eltÃƒÂ©rÃ…Â‘ koncentrÃƒÂ¡ltsÃƒÂ¡gÃƒÂ¡bÃƒÂ³l fakadÃƒÂ³ piaci formÃƒÂ¡k a tevÃƒÂ©kenysÃƒÂ©gi lÃƒÂ¡ncban kialakult ÃƒÂ¡ralkukat, valamint az elÃƒÂ©rhet Ã…Â‘ ÃƒÂ¡rnyeresÃƒÂ©get, illetve ÃƒÂ¡rvesztesÃƒÂ©get meghatÃƒÂ¡rozzÃƒÂ¡k. A szÃƒÂ¡mÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡si eredmÃƒÂ©nyeket a piac szereplÃ…Â‘inek vÃƒÂ©lemÃƒÂ©nyÃƒÂ©vel ÃƒÂ¼tkÃƒÂ¶ztetÃ…Â‘ vizsgÃƒÂ¡lataink megerÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ­tik, hogy a termÃƒÂ©kek tÃƒÂºlnyomÃƒÂ³ rÃƒÂ©szÃƒÂ©nÃƒÂ©l az erÃ…Â‘fÃƒÂ¶lÃƒÂ©ny a legkoncentrÃƒÂ¡ltabb oldalnÃƒÂ¡l, a kereskedelmi fÃƒÂ¡zisban talÃƒÂ¡lhatÃƒÂ³. A kiskereskedelmi lÃƒÂ¡ncok nem csak egyÃƒÂ©rtelmÃ…Â±en ÃƒÂ¡rvezetÃ…Â‘k, de egyben a feldolgozott termÃƒÂ©kek importÃƒÂ¡rain keresztÃƒÂ¼l az egÃƒÂ©sz vertikum ÃƒÂ¡ralakulÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡t meghatÃƒÂ¡rozzÃƒÂ¡k. A termelÃ…Â‘i ÃƒÂ©s feldolgozÃƒÂ³i fÃƒÂ¡zis kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶tt Ã¢Â€Â“ nagyon kevÃƒÂ©s kivÃƒÂ©tellel Ã¢Â€Â“ az ÃƒÂ¡rnyeresÃƒÂ©g a feldolgozÃƒÂ³knÃƒÂ¡l figyelhetÃ…Â‘ meg. Az ÃƒÂ¡gazati szintÃ…Â± erÃ…Â‘fÃƒÂ¶lÃƒÂ©ny vizsgÃƒÂ¡lataink szerint termÃƒÂ©kenkÃƒÂ©nt erÃ…Â‘sen differenciÃƒÂ¡lt, egy rÃƒÂ©sze instabil ÃƒÂ©s kÃƒÂ¶nnyen ÃƒÂ¡tfordulhat Ã¢Â€Â“ elsÃ…Â‘sorban a feldolgozÃƒÂ³ ÃƒÂ©s kereskedelmi fÃƒÂ¡zis kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶tt Ã¢Â€Â“ a vertikÃƒÂ¡lis partnerszinthez. EgyÃƒÂ©b tÃƒÂ©nyezÃ…Â‘k Ã¢Â€Â“ ÃƒÂ­gy az idÃ…Â‘jÃƒÂ¡rÃƒÂ¡s fÃƒÂ¼ggvÃƒÂ©nyÃƒÂ©ben alakulÃƒÂ³ termÃƒÂ©shozamok Ã¢Â€Â“ is befolyÃƒÂ¡solhatjÃƒÂ¡k az ÃƒÂ¡ralakulÃƒÂ¡st olyan mÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kben, hogy az a piaci erÃ…Â‘fÃƒÂ¶lÃƒÂ©ny ÃƒÂ¡thelyezÃ…Â‘dÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©t eredmÃƒÂ©nyezheti. A vizsgÃƒÂ¡lt termÃƒÂ©kpÃƒÂ¡lyÃƒÂ¡k tÃƒÂ¶bbsÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©nÃƒÂ©l megÃƒÂ¡llapÃƒÂ­thatÃƒÂ³, hogy a szomszÃƒÂ©dos fÃƒÂ¡zisok ÃƒÂ¡rai kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶tti Ã¢Â€ÂžÃƒÂ¡rtÃƒÂ¡volsÃƒÂ¡gÃ¢Â€Â Ã¢Â€Â“ ami ÃƒÂ¡rvÃƒÂ¡ltozÃƒÂ¡sok hiÃƒÂ¡nyÃƒÂ¡ban stabil lenne Ã¢Â€Â“ kÃƒÂ©t ÃƒÂ¡rsokk kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶tt nem tud teljesen kiegyenlÃƒÂ­tÃ…Â‘dni. Emiatt a gyengÃƒÂ©bb pozÃƒÂ­ciÃƒÂ³ban lÃƒÂ©vÃ…Â‘ piaci oldal tartÃƒÂ³san nem kÃƒÂ©pes szÃƒÂ¡mÃƒÂ¡ra ÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©karÃƒÂ¡nyosnak tekinthetÃ…Â‘ ÃƒÂ¡rakat elÃƒÂ©rni, ÃƒÂ©s idÃ…Â‘vel ehhez a helyzethez igazÃƒÂ­tja ÃƒÂ¡rkalkulÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³it is, ami termÃƒÂ©keik ÃƒÂ¡rÃƒÂ¡nak folyamatos ÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kvesztÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©vel jÃƒÂ¡r. A mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi termelÃ…Â‘k kÃƒÂ¶rÃƒÂ©ben a vÃƒÂ¡zolt helyzetre vÃƒÂ©gleges megoldÃƒÂ¡st a piaci pozÃƒÂ­ciÃƒÂ³jukat megerÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ­tÃ…Â‘ ÃƒÂ©s stabilizÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ³ termelÃ…Â‘i szervezÃ…Â‘dÃƒÂ©sek jelenthetnek. - The fragmentation of farm production determine marketing forms due to the varying concentrations of production phases, price packages emerging through the chain of commercial activities and attainable profits or losses. Our calculations confirm the opinion of market personnel that in the case of most farm produce the advantage is always with the most concentrated side, in the merchandising phase. Retailing chains are not only price leaders but they also determine prices throughout the vertical range through their import prices of processed products. Profits in most cases are made by the processors rather than the producer. According to our investigations sectional advantage strongly varies with produce, a part of it lacks stability and may easily turn in favour of one vertical partner to another, primarily between merchants and processors. Other factors such as weather conditions affecting yields may influence prices so much that market advantage may shift from one section to another. In the case of most farm production investigated, price differences between neighbouring phases after a price jump may not wholly equilibrate, although without the jump they would tend to be stable. Consequently market sides in weaker positions are unable to obtain value proportional prices on the long run, thus price projections are adjusted according to the new situation leading to a continuous devaluation of their produce. An ultimate solution for this situation is the organisation of farmers for strengthening and stabilizing their market positions.</abstract>
  <keywords>ÃƒÂ¡rcentrum, ÃƒÂ¡rtranszmissziÃƒÂ³, ÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kesÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©si csatorna, kointegrÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³, termÃƒÂ©kpÃƒÂ¡lya, piaci erÃ…Â‘, price centre, price transmission, merchandising channels, cointegration, farm produce, market force, Agribusiness, Demand and Price Analysis,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>6</issue>
   <issuedate>2007</issuedate>
   <volume>51</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/57718</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Varga, Tibor</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Tunyogi-Nechay, Veronika</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Kemeny, Gabor</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:57720</identifier><datestamp>2010-03-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:57720">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>TÃƒÂRSADALMI TÃ…ÂKE AZ ÃƒÂ‰LELMISZERGAZDASÃƒÂGBAN: BIZALOM, SZERVEZETTSÃƒÂ‰G ÃƒÂ‰S ÃƒÂ–SSZEFOGÃƒÂS</title>
  <abstract>A bizalom ÃƒÂ©s a kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶s akciÃƒÂ³khoz valÃƒÂ³ hozzÃƒÂ¡jÃƒÂ¡rulÃƒÂ¡s kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶tti pozitÃƒÂ­v kapcsolat az egyÃƒÂ©n ÃƒÂ¶nmagÃƒÂ¡ra vonatkozÃƒÂ³ megÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©lÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©ben a kutatÃƒÂ¡sban igazolÃƒÂ³dott. A bizalmi szintet jÃƒÂ³nak ÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©lÃ…Â‘k egyÃƒÂ©rtelmÃ…Â±en hajlandÃƒÂ³ak az idÃ…Â‘beli ÃƒÂ¡ldozatvÃƒÂ¡llalÃƒÂ¡sra, azonban a megfelelÃ…Â‘ szintÃ…Â± bizalom a pÃƒÂ©nzÃƒÂ¼gyi hozzÃƒÂ¡jÃƒÂ¡rulÃƒÂ¡sban mÃƒÂ¡r nem elegendÃ…Â‘, itt mÃƒÂ¡r hiÃƒÂ¡nyzik a pozitÃƒÂ­v irÃƒÂ¡nyÃƒÂº kapcsolat. A bizalmi szint ÃƒÂ©s mÃƒÂ¡sok idÃ…Â‘beli ÃƒÂ©s pÃƒÂ©nzbeli hozzÃƒÂ¡jÃƒÂ¡rulÃƒÂ¡si hajlandÃƒÂ³sÃƒÂ¡ga kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶tti kapcsolat nem egyÃƒÂ©rtelmÃ…Â±. A bizalmi szint nÃƒÂ¶vekedÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©bÃ…Â‘l nem kÃƒÂ¶vetkezik automatikusan, hogy a gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi szereplÃ…Â‘k mÃƒÂ¡sok hozzÃƒÂ¡jÃƒÂ¡rulÃƒÂ¡si hajlandÃƒÂ³sÃƒÂ¡gÃƒÂ¡t pozitÃƒÂ­vabbnak ÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©lnÃƒÂ©k. Az ÃƒÂ¡gazati szereplÃ…Â‘k szervezettsÃƒÂ©gi szintje ÃƒÂ©s az ÃƒÂ©rdekÃƒÂ©rvÃƒÂ©nyesÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©s gyakorisÃƒÂ¡gÃƒÂ¡nak vizsgÃƒÂ¡latakor nem ÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ­thatÃƒÂ³, hogy az ÃƒÂ¡gazatot szervezettebbnek vÃƒÂ©lÃ…Â‘k pozitÃƒÂ­vabbnak ÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©lnÃƒÂ©k az ÃƒÂ©rdekÃƒÂ©rvÃƒÂ©nyesÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©st is. A szervezettsÃƒÂ©gi szint ÃƒÂ©s a bizalom kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶tti kapcsolat vizsgÃƒÂ¡latÃƒÂ¡nÃƒÂ¡l bebizonyosodott, hogy a kapcsolat nem szignifikÃƒÂ¡ns, vagyis a magasabb szervezettsÃƒÂ©gi szintbÃ…Â‘l sem kÃƒÂ¶vetkezik egyÃƒÂ©rtelmÃ…Â±en, hogy az ÃƒÂ¡gazat szereplÃ…Â‘i jobban bÃƒÂ­znÃƒÂ¡nak egymÃƒÂ¡sban. - Research has shown that trust and contribution to common action is positively related to an individualÃ¢Â€Â™s self-assessment. People who favourably judge the level of trust are willing to make sacrifices of their time. However, an adequate level of trust is not sufficient for money contributions because in this case the above positive relationship is absent. The relationship between the level of trust and othersÃ¢Â€Â™ willingness to contribute time and money is not unambiguous. An increase in trust level does not automatically follow a positive increase in judging the willingness of other economic partners to contribute. From studies involving organisation levels and frequency of defending common interest it has been shown that people who are better organised do not necessarily judge more positively the efficiency with which their interests are defended. When investigation the relationship between organisational level and trust we have shown that this relationship is not significant, that is just because people are better organised, it does not unambiguously follow that they necessarily trust each other more.</abstract>
  <keywords>kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶ssÃƒÂ©gi agrÃƒÂ¡rmarketing, ÃƒÂ©rdekÃƒÂ©rvÃƒÂ©nyesÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©s, ÃƒÂ¡ldozatvÃƒÂ¡llalÃƒÂ¡si hajlandÃƒÂ³sÃƒÂ¡g, szervezettsÃƒÂ©g, collective agrarian marketing, defence of common interest, willingness to accept sacrifice, organisation, Consumer/Household Economics,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>6</issue>
   <issuedate>2007</issuedate>
   <volume>51</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/57720</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Toth, Aniko</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:57690</identifier><datestamp>2010-03-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:57690">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>GYEPHASZNOSÃƒÂTÃƒÂS ÃƒÂšJSZERÃ…Â° MODELLJE KÃƒÂ–ZÃƒÂ‰P-SZIGETKÃƒÂ–ZBEN</title>
  <abstract>A tÃƒÂ©rsÃƒÂ©g terÃƒÂ¼lethasznÃƒÂ¡latÃƒÂ¡ban jelentkezÃ…Â‘ vÃƒÂ¡ltozÃƒÂ¡sok kÃƒÂ¶vettÃƒÂ©k az orszÃƒÂ¡gos ÃƒÂ©s megyei mÃƒÂ³dosulÃƒÂ¡sokat, ami a szÃƒÂ¡ntÃƒÂ³- ÃƒÂ©s gyepterÃƒÂ¼letek folyamatos csÃƒÂ¶kkenÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©ben fejezÃ…Â‘dik ki. Ugyanakkor a SzigetkÃƒÂ¶z tÃƒÂ¡jban az egyes terÃƒÂ¼leti egysÃƒÂ©gek terÃƒÂ¼let-hasznÃƒÂ¡lata eltÃƒÂ©rÃ…Â‘en alakult. A SzigetkÃƒÂ¶z hidrolÃƒÂ³giai, biolÃƒÂ³giai, talajtani adottsÃƒÂ¡gainak tanulmÃƒÂ¡nyozÃƒÂ¡sa rÃƒÂ¡vilÃƒÂ¡gÃƒÂ­t arra, hogy a tÃƒÂ¡j termÃƒÂ©szeti adottsÃƒÂ¡gai kedveznek a gyepre alapozott ÃƒÂ¡l-lati termÃƒÂ©k elÃ…Â‘ÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡snak. A gyepterÃƒÂ¼letek tovÃƒÂ¡bbÃƒÂ¡ lehetÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©get nyÃƒÂºjtanak ÃƒÂºjszerÃ…Â± felhasznÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ¡sra is, hozzÃƒÂ¡jÃƒÂ¡rulva a fenntarthatÃƒÂ³, kÃƒÂ¶rnyezettudatos, tÃƒÂ¡jfenntartÃƒÂ³ mezÃ…Â‘gazdÃƒÂ¡lkodÃƒÂ¡s megteremtÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©hez. A vizsgÃƒÂ¡latok eredmÃƒÂ©nyeibe a gyepmÃ…Â±velÃƒÂ©s formÃƒÂ¡jÃƒÂ¡t, a legeltetendÃ…Â‘ ÃƒÂ¡llatfaj igÃƒÂ©nyeit ÃƒÂ©s tartÃƒÂ¡smÃƒÂ³djÃƒÂ¡t, a gyepgazdÃƒÂ¡lkodÃƒÂ¡s formÃƒÂ¡jÃƒÂ¡t, a tÃƒÂ¡jegysÃƒÂ©g rehabilitÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³s, mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡g- ÃƒÂ©s tÃƒÂ©rsÃƒÂ©gfejlesztÃƒÂ©si tervezete-it felhasznÃƒÂ¡lva elkÃƒÂ©szÃƒÂ¼lt a kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ©p-szigetkÃƒÂ¶zi gyepterÃƒÂ¼letek (ÃƒÂ¡llati termÃƒÂ©k elÃ…Â‘ÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ­-tÃƒÂ¡sban ÃƒÂ©s elÃ…Â‘ÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡ssal tÃƒÂ¶rtÃƒÂ©nÃ…Â‘) hasznosÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡nak modellje. - Hungary can be said to play a significant role in EuropeÃ¢Â€Â™s corn production, de-spite the fact that since the mid-1980s, increases in domestic production averages cannot be said to have kept pace with the EU-15 member statesÃ¢Â€Â™ average. Wheat is less significant and its collapse began at the start of the 1990s. Production averages fluctuate significantly. The regions that determine production are the North and South Plains, and southern Transdanubia. The collateral production average has grown year on year. In the period under examination wheat was profitably cultivated in the main regions Ã¢Â€Â“ generally on land of higher quality than 26 AK (Gold Crowns) - even without subsidies. It is true for wheat production as a whole that it can be carried out successfully in all the areas examined, taking into account that the by-products reduce costs and that the subsidies increase income. It is characteristic of northern and central Hungary that only subsidised corn cultivation is profitable. Subsidies significantly improve the income situation, but in areas of below-average quality in western Hungary and those of poor quality in central Hungary, even this cannot be expected to result in successful farming.</abstract>
  <keywords>KÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ©p-SzigetkÃƒÂ¶z, ÃƒÂ¡llati termÃƒÂ©k, fÃƒÂ¶ldhasznÃƒÂ¡lat, gyephasznosÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡si modell, EU, region, wheat, corn, collateral production average, Land Economics/Use, Livestock Production/Industries,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>4</issue>
   <issuedate>2007</issuedate>
   <volume>51</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/57690</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Horvath, Eszter</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:58604</identifier><datestamp>2010-03-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:58604">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>Az ÃƒÂ¶ntÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ©ses gazdÃƒÂ¡lkodÃƒÂ¡srÃƒÂ³l a Tisza-tÃƒÂ³ ÃƒÂ©s a nagykunsÃƒÂ¡gi ÃƒÂ¶ntÃƒÂ¶zÃ…Â‘rendszert ellÃƒÂ¡tÃƒÂ³ fÃ…Â‘csatorna ÃƒÂ¡tadÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡nak 30. ÃƒÂ©vfordulÃƒÂ³jÃƒÂ¡n</title>
  <abstract>Az ÃƒÂ¶ntÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ©s mint agrotechnikai tÃƒÂ©nyezÃ…Â‘ a mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi termelÃƒÂ©s intenzifi kÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡nak egyik eszkÃƒÂ¶ze ÃƒÂ©s lehetÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©ge. BevezetÃƒÂ©se tÃƒÂ¶bbletberuhÃƒÂ¡zÃƒÂ¡ssal, nagyobb rÃƒÂ¡fordÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sokkal oldhatÃƒÂ³ meg. ÃƒÂ–ntÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ©ssel a termÃƒÂ©szetes csapadÃƒÂ©kellÃƒÂ¡tÃƒÂ¡s ingadozÃƒÂ¡sai csÃƒÂ¶kkenthetÃ…Â‘k, a termelÃƒÂ©s biztonsÃƒÂ¡ga ÃƒÂ©s a hozamok nÃƒÂ¶velhetÃ…Â‘k. AlkalmazÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡t az ÃƒÂ¼zemi feltÃƒÂ©telek ÃƒÂ©s cÃƒÂ©lok mellett makrogazdasÃƒÂ¡gi ÃƒÂ©s klimatikus hatÃƒÂ¡sok is indokoljÃƒÂ¡k. Az elmÃƒÂºlt fÃƒÂ©l ÃƒÂ©vszÃƒÂ¡zad hazai ÃƒÂ¶ntÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ©sfejlesztÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©ben a TiszalÃƒÂ¶ki, a KiskÃƒÂ¶rei VÃƒÂ­zlÃƒÂ©pcsÃ…Â‘ ÃƒÂ©s ÃƒÂ–ntÃƒÂ¶zÃ…Â‘rendszerei tervezÃƒÂ©se, kivitelezÃƒÂ©se ÃƒÂ©s mÃ…Â±kÃƒÂ¶dtetÃƒÂ©se napjainkban is sok hasznosÃƒÂ­thatÃƒÂ³ tanulsÃƒÂ¡ggal ÃƒÂ©s tapasztalattal szolgÃƒÂ¡l, mint pÃƒÂ©ldÃƒÂ¡ul a komplex szemlÃƒÂ©letÃ…Â± tÃƒÂ©rsÃƒÂ©gi, ÃƒÂ¼zemi vÃƒÂ­zgazdÃƒÂ¡lkodÃƒÂ¡s ÃƒÂ©s ÃƒÂ¶ntÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ©sfejlesztÃƒÂ©s, az ÃƒÂ¡llami beavatkozÃƒÂ¡s a tervek ÃƒÂ¶sszehangolÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡tÃƒÂ³l az ÃƒÂ¼zemi megvalÃƒÂ³sÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡s tÃƒÂ¡mogatÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡ig. Az EU VÃƒÂ­z KeretirÃƒÂ¡nyelv dokumentumban megfogalmazottak szerint az egyik legfontosabb teendÃ…Â‘ a termelÃ…Â‘ ÃƒÂ¶ntÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ©sfejlesztÃƒÂ©ssel kapcsolatos szakmai felkÃƒÂ©szÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©s ÃƒÂ©s a szaktanÃƒÂ¡csadÃƒÂ¡s szervezeti rendszerÃƒÂ©nek korszerÃ…Â±sÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©se, mÃ…Â±kÃƒÂ¶dtetÃƒÂ©se. Az informÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³szerzÃƒÂ©s lehetÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©geit, tÃƒÂ¡rgyi, szemÃƒÂ©lyi ÃƒÂ©s oktatÃƒÂ¡si feltÃƒÂ©teleit kÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¶nÃƒÂ¶sen a vÃƒÂ­zhasznÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ³k szÃƒÂ¡mÃƒÂ¡ra indokolt tÃƒÂ¡mogatni. Az ÃƒÂšj Nemzeti FejlesztÃƒÂ©si Tervben a mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡g ÃƒÂ©s vidÃƒÂ©kfejlesztÃƒÂ©sben megfogalmazott feladatok teljesÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©t tÃƒÂ¡mogatÃƒÂ³ uniÃƒÂ³s ÃƒÂ©s hazai forrÃƒÂ¡sokat csak kÃƒÂ¶vetkezetes, az eddiginÃƒÂ©l sokkal nagyobb egymÃƒÂ¡s irÃƒÂ¡nti bizalmat tanÃƒÂºsÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ³ egyÃƒÂ¼ttmÃ…Â±kÃƒÂ¶dÃƒÂ©ssel lehet cÃƒÂ©lirÃƒÂ¡nyosan felhasznÃƒÂ¡lni. ----------------- Irrigation as a factor of agricultural technology serves several goals. It is one means and possibility for intensifi cation of agricultural production. Its introduction requires investments so costs of production will be higher. By irrigation yearly fl utuations of rainfall can be reduced and through higher yields risk of production will be lower. The application of irrigation is reasonable not only from a farmerÃ¢Â€Â™s viewpoint but because of climate change also from a macroeconomic consideration. In the past half century planning, execution and operating of the TiszalÃƒÂ¶k and KiskÃƒÂ¶re Dam and Irrigation System served many experiences and lessons even for today. It is worth to highlight the holistic view of regional and local water management and irrigation development as well as government interventions from harmonising plans to supporting operation by farms. In the works of asserting agricultural relations formulated in EU documents the government together with its institutions should undertake conspicuous tasks of management and controlling. One most important work is enabling farmers for irrigation development as well as reforming and operation of organisational system of extension service. It is justifi ed to support opportunities as well as material, personal and educational conditions of obtaining informations, especially for users of water. EU and domestic sources for realization of tasks formulated in the New National Development Plan for agriculture and rural development can be rationally used only by a more consistent co-operation ensuring more trust to each other.</abstract>
  <keywords>ÃƒÂ¶ntÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ©ses gazdÃƒÂ¡lkodÃƒÂ¡s, ÃƒÂ¶ntÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ©sfejlesztÃƒÂ©s, klÃƒÂ­mavÃƒÂ¡ltozÃƒÂ¡s, komplex szemlÃƒÂ©let, tÃƒÂ¡mogatÃƒÂ¡sok, irrigation, irrigated farming, development of irrigation, climate change, holistic view, subsidies, Crop Production/Industries, Environmental Economics and Policy,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>6</issue>
   <issuedate>2008</issuedate>
   <volume>52</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/58604</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Lengyel, Lajos</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:57735</identifier><datestamp>2010-03-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:57735">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>A magyarorszÃƒÂ¡gi szarvasmarha- ÃƒÂ©s juhÃƒÂ¡gazat kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ©ptÃƒÂ¡vÃƒÂº kilÃƒÂ¡tÃƒÂ¡sai</title>
  <abstract>Az ÃƒÂ¡llattenyÃƒÂ©sztÃƒÂ©si ÃƒÂ¡gazatok kilÃƒÂ¡tÃƒÂ¡sai nem biztatÃƒÂ³ak a tartÃƒÂ³san magas takarmÃƒÂ¡nyÃƒÂ¡rak, a vertikÃƒÂ¡lisan kevÃƒÂ©sbÃƒÂ© szervezett, a termÃƒÂ©kpÃƒÂ¡lya szakaszai kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶tti laza kapcsolat miatt, ami a legfontosabb felvevÃ…Â‘piacok szervezetlensÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©re is visszavezethetÃ…Â‘. A magyarorszÃƒÂ¡gi ÃƒÂ¡llattartÃƒÂ³k ÃƒÂ©rdemben nem kÃƒÂ©pesek befolyÃƒÂ¡solni sem a vilÃƒÂ¡gpiacon, sem az EurÃƒÂ³pai UniÃƒÂ³ piacÃƒÂ¡n zajlÃƒÂ³ folyamatokat, ÃƒÂ­gy kÃƒÂ©nytelenek a rÃƒÂ©spiacokat kitÃƒÂ¶ltve alkalmazkodni. KÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¶nbÃƒÂ¶zÃ…Â‘ modellvÃƒÂ¡ltozataink szerint a szarvasmarha-ÃƒÂ¡llomÃƒÂ¡ny 680-731 ezer egyed, a tejelÃ…Â‘tehÃƒÂ©n-ÃƒÂ¡llomÃƒÂ¡ny 266-269 ezer egyed kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶tt alakulhat 2013-ban. TovÃƒÂ¡bbra is elsÃ…Â‘sorban a hÃƒÂºshasznÃƒÂº egyedek szÃƒÂ¡mÃƒÂ¡nak nÃƒÂ¶vekedÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©re lehet szÃƒÂ¡mÃƒÂ­tani. A tejtermelÃƒÂ©s 2010-ben vÃƒÂ¡rhatÃƒÂ³an kitÃƒÂ¶lti a nemzeti kvÃƒÂ³tÃƒÂ¡t. Tej- ÃƒÂ©s tejtermÃƒÂ©k-kivitelben fÃ…Â‘kÃƒÂ©nt a folyadÃƒÂ©ktej rÃƒÂ©szarÃƒÂ¡nya emelkedik, mÃƒÂ­g az import tekintetÃƒÂ©ben mind a feldolgozott termÃƒÂ©kekben, mind a folyadÃƒÂ©ktejben nÃƒÂ¶vekedÃƒÂ©s vÃƒÂ¡rhatÃƒÂ³. A juhtartÃƒÂ³k kÃƒÂ¶zvetlen tÃƒÂ¡mogatÃƒÂ¡sa rÃƒÂ©szelegesen termelÃƒÂ©shez kapcsolt marad, az anyajuhlÃƒÂ©tszÃƒÂ¡m elÃ…Â‘relÃƒÂ¡thatÃƒÂ³an nem vÃƒÂ¡ltozik szÃƒÂ¡mottevÃ…Â‘en az elkÃƒÂ¶vetkezÃ…Â‘ ÃƒÂ©vekben, s 1,1 milliÃƒÂ³ kÃƒÂ¶rÃƒÂ¼l alakul. Mindezek alapjÃƒÂ¡n a jÃƒÂ¶vÃ…Â‘ben a magyar ÃƒÂ¡llattenyÃƒÂ©sztÃƒÂ©s kibocsÃƒÂ¡tÃƒÂ¡sa vÃƒÂ¡rhatÃƒÂ³an nem nÃ…Â‘ szÃƒÂ¡mottevÃ…Â‘en. A felvÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡rlÃƒÂ¡si ÃƒÂ¡rak Ã¢Â€Â“ a stabil kereslet miatt Ã¢Â€Â“ magasak lesznek, de a termelÃƒÂ©si kÃƒÂ¶ltsÃƒÂ©gek nÃƒÂ¶vekedÃƒÂ©se miatt a realizÃƒÂ¡lhatÃƒÂ³ jÃƒÂ¶vedelem alig vÃƒÂ¡ltozik. - The prospects for animal husbandry sectors are not encouraging, due to permanently high fodder prices and the vertically less organised, weak links between various stages of the produce path, which can be traced back to the disorganisation of the most important markets. Hungarian livestock farmers are unable to substantially influence the processes taking place on either the global or the EU markets and must, therefore, adapt by covering niche markets. According to our various models, by 2013 the cattle population could reach 220 680-731 thousand units and the dairy cow population 266-269 thousand units. Growth can still primarily be expected in meat stock. In 2010, milk production should fulfil the national quota. Among milk and dairy products the share of liquid milk will rise, while in terms of imports growth can be expected in both processed products and liquid milk. Direct support for sheep farmers will remain partly linked to production and the number of ewes is unlikely to change notably, reaching about 1.1 million. Based on all of the above, the output of Hungarian animal husbandry is not expected to increase significantly. Purchase prices will be high due to stable demand, but because of increased production costs actual income will hardly change.</abstract>
  <keywords>szarvasmarha, tej, juh, piac, kilÃƒÂ¡tÃƒÂ¡sok, beef, milk, sheep, market, prospects, Agribusiness, Livestock Production/Industries,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>2</issue>
   <issuedate>2008</issuedate>
   <volume>52</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/57735</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Voneki, Eva</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Papp, Gergely</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:57674</identifier><datestamp>2010-03-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:57674">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>A MEZÃ…ÂGAZDASÃƒÂGI JÃƒÂ–VEDELMEK STABILITÃƒÂSA</title>
  <abstract>A mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi jÃƒÂ¶vedelmek stabilitÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡nak megteremtÃƒÂ©se mindenkor az ag-rÃƒÂ¡rpolitika fontos tÃƒÂ¶rekvÃƒÂ©se. A mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡gbÃƒÂ³l ÃƒÂ©lÃ…Â‘knek a termelÃ…Â‘i jÃƒÂ¶vedelem nagysÃƒÂ¡ga ÃƒÂ©s alakulÃƒÂ¡sa meghatÃƒÂ¡rozza a gazdÃƒÂ¡lkodÃƒÂ³i ÃƒÂ©letszÃƒÂ­nvonal minÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©t. Az EU orszÃƒÂ¡gok jÃƒÂ¶vedelemstabilitÃƒÂ¡si mutatÃƒÂ³ival ÃƒÂ¶sszevetve a magyar mezÃ…Â‘gazda-sÃƒÂ¡gÃƒÂ©t megÃ‚Â¬ÃƒÂ¡llapÃƒÂ­thatÃƒÂ³, hogy a hazai gazdÃƒÂ¡lkodÃƒÂ³k helyzete igen kedvezÃ…Â‘tlen. Az ÃƒÂ¡gazatban mind a nominÃƒÂ¡lis ÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©ken vett jÃƒÂ¶vedelem stabilitÃƒÂ¡sa, mind pedig a jÃƒÂ¶vedelem reÃ‚Â¬ÃƒÂ¡lÃ‚Â¬ÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©ke kedvezÃ…Â‘tlenÃƒÂ¼l alakult. A reÃƒÂ¡ljÃƒÂ¶vedelem 1998 ÃƒÂ©s 2005 kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶tt egyetlen ÃƒÂ©vben sem ÃƒÂ©rte el az 1998. ÃƒÂ©vi 80%-ÃƒÂ¡t, sÃ…Â‘t 2003-ban 50%-nÃƒÂ¡l kevesebb volt. A mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi termelÃƒÂ©s jÃƒÂ¶vedelemstabilitÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡t a mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi kibocsÃƒÂ¡tÃƒÂ¡s kiegyensÃƒÂºlyozottsÃƒÂ¡ga hatÃƒÂ¡rozza meg alapvetÃ…Â‘en. A kibocsÃƒÂ¡tÃƒÂ¡s mÃƒÂ¡r magÃƒÂ¡ban fog-lalja az ÃƒÂ¡r ÃƒÂ©s a volumen hatÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡t, melyek kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¼l elÃ…Â‘bbi, vagyis az ÃƒÂ¡ralakulÃƒÂ¡s na-gyobb befolyÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂº a stabilitÃƒÂ¡sra. A kibocsÃƒÂ¡tÃƒÂ¡s tartalmazza az ÃƒÂ¡gazati diverzifikÃƒÂ¡lt-sÃƒÂ¡gbÃƒÂ³l eredÃ…Â‘ elÃ…Â‘nyÃƒÂ¶ket ÃƒÂ©s hÃƒÂ¡trÃƒÂ¡nyokat is. MinÃƒÂ©l nagyobb a diverzifikÃƒÂ¡ltsÃƒÂ¡g foka, annÃƒÂ¡l kedvezÃ…Â‘bb az adott orszÃƒÂ¡g mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡gÃƒÂ¡nak stabilitÃƒÂ¡sa. A rÃƒÂ¡fordÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sok nagysÃƒÂ¡grendjÃƒÂ©nek tÃƒÂ¶bbnyire konzekvens nÃƒÂ¶vekedÃƒÂ©se a nominÃƒÂ¡lisan vett jÃƒÂ¶vede-lemalakulÃƒÂ¡st jobbÃƒÂ¡ra a stabilitÃƒÂ¡s irÃƒÂ¡nyÃƒÂ¡ba mÃƒÂ³dosÃƒÂ­totta, mikÃƒÂ¶zben a kibocsÃƒÂ¡tÃƒÂ¡st meghaladÃƒÂ³ ÃƒÂ¼temÃ…Â± bÃ…Â‘vÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ¼k bizonytalannÃƒÂ¡ tette a reÃƒÂ¡ljÃƒÂ¶vedelmet. A tÃƒÂ¡mogatÃƒÂ¡Ã‚Â¬sok rÃƒÂ©vÃƒÂ©n az agrÃƒÂ¡rpolitika elsÃ…Â‘sorban a rÃƒÂ¡fordÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sok kedvezÃ…Â‘tlen hatÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡t hivaÃ‚Â¬tott mÃƒÂ©rsÃƒÂ©kelni. A magyarorszÃƒÂ¡gi mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡gban az agrÃƒÂ¡rpolitika nem tudott hozzÃƒÂ¡jÃƒÂ¡rulni a nominÃƒÂ¡lis jÃƒÂ¶vedelem stabilitÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡nak nÃƒÂ¶velÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©hez, ami elsÃ…Â‘sorban szabÃƒÂ¡lyozÃƒÂ¡si okokkal hozhatÃƒÂ³ ÃƒÂ¶sszefÃƒÂ¼ggÃƒÂ©sbe. A jÃƒÂ¶vedelemstabilitÃƒÂ¡s megvalÃƒÂ³sÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sa a termelÃ…Â‘k ÃƒÂ©s az agrÃƒÂ¡rpolitika kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶s te-vÃƒÂ©kenysÃƒÂ©ge. A termelÃ…Â‘i szervezÃ…Â‘dÃƒÂ©sek alkuerejÃƒÂ©nek nÃƒÂ¶velÃƒÂ©se, az ÃƒÂ¡gazati diverzi-fikÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³ fokozÃƒÂ¡sa, az agrÃƒÂ¡rbiztosÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡s nÃƒÂ©hÃƒÂ¡ny lehetÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©g abbÃƒÂ³l az eszkÃƒÂ¶ztÃƒÂ¡rbÃƒÂ³l, amellyel a gazdÃƒÂ¡lkodÃƒÂ³k hozzÃƒÂ¡jÃƒÂ¡rulhatnak a jÃƒÂ¶vedelemstabilitÃƒÂ¡shoz. Az agrÃƒÂ¡rpo-litika feladata rÃƒÂ©szint e lehetÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©gek kihasznÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡nak elÃ…Â‘segÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©se, rÃƒÂ©szint pedig a fejlesztÃƒÂ©si ÃƒÂ©s jÃƒÂ¶vedelempÃƒÂ³tlÃƒÂ³ tÃƒÂ¡mogatÃƒÂ¡sokkal a jÃƒÂ¶vedelemszint nÃƒÂ¶velÃƒÂ©se. Ez utÃƒÂ³bbi tekintetÃƒÂ©ben a jÃƒÂ¶vÃ…Â‘re nÃƒÂ©zve pozitÃƒÂ­vumkÃƒÂ©nt ÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kelhetÃ…Â‘, hogy egy 2005. ÃƒÂ©vi Bi-zottsÃƒÂ¡gi KÃƒÂ¶zlemÃƒÂ©ny szerint a levÃƒÂ¡lasztott kifizetÃƒÂ©sek ÃƒÂºj rendszerÃƒÂ©vel a jÃƒÂ¶vedelem-stabilitÃƒÂ¡s nagyrÃƒÂ©szt biztosÃƒÂ­thatÃƒÂ³. The creation of income stability in the rural economy is always an important aspiration of agricultural policy. For those that make their living from agriculture, the size and development of producersÃ¢Â€Â™ income determines the standard of living in farming. Comparing the Hungarian rural economyÃ¢Â€Â™s income stability indicators with those of other EU countries, it can be said that the situation of domestic farmers is rather unfavourable. Both the nominal value of income stability and the real value of income have developed unfavourably in the sector. Between 1998 and 2005, real income did not once reach 80% of the 1998 figure and in fact, in 2003 it was less than 50% of it. Fundamentally, it is the balance of agricultural output that determines the income stability of agricultural production. Output already includes the effects of price and volume of which the former, that is income development, has the greater influence on stability. Output also includes the advantages and disadvantages stemming from sector diversification. The greater the degree of diversification, the more favourable the stability of the given countyÃ¢Â€Â™s rural economy. The generally consistent growth in expenditure size has modified nominal income development, for the most part towards stability, while a rate of expansion in excess of output has made real income uncertain. Agricultural policy is, via subsidies, bound to mitigate primarily the unfavourable effects of expenditure. HungaryÃ¢Â€Â™s agricultural policy was unable to contribute to increased nominal income stability in the sector, which can primarily be linked to regulatory causes. The realisation of income stability is a common function of producers and of agricultural policy. Increasing the bargaining power of producersÃ¢Â€Â™ associations, increasing sector diversification, and agricultural insurance are a few of the tools with which farmers can contribute to income stability. The task of agricultural policy is partly to promote the utilisation of opportunities and partly to increase income levels through development and income supplement subsidies. Regarding the latter, it is a positive step in terms of the future that according to the 2005 Committee Proceedings, income stability can be more or less guaranteed via the new system for divided payments. With the introduction of new, unified payments most producers will be able to count on a reliable basis for planning from 2013.</abstract>
  <keywords>jÃƒÂ¶vedelem, stabilitÃƒÂ¡s, instabilitÃƒÂ¡s, EU, mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡g, income, stability, instability, EU, rural economy, Agricultural and Food Policy, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Production Economics,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>3</issue>
   <issuedate>2007</issuedate>
   <volume>51</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/57674</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Lamfalusi, Ibolya</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:57719</identifier><datestamp>2010-03-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:57719">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>POLITIKAI ÃƒÂ‰S HATÃƒÂ‰KONYSÃƒÂGI CÃƒÂ‰LOK KONFLIKTUSA AZ EU CUKORPIACI REFORMJÃƒÂBAN</title>
  <abstract>Az elemzÃƒÂ©s, a cukorreform hÃƒÂ¡tterÃƒÂ©nek vÃƒÂ¡zlatos bemutatÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡t kÃƒÂ¶vetÃ…Â‘en, a kvÃƒÂ³tacsÃƒÂ¶kkentÃƒÂ©s lebonyolÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡nak hatÃƒÂ©konysÃƒÂ¡gi ÃƒÂ¶sszefÃƒÂ¼ggÃƒÂ©seire irÃƒÂ¡nyul. Az eurÃƒÂ³pai cukorÃƒÂ¡gazat reformjÃƒÂ¡nak egyik fÃ…Â‘ mozgatÃƒÂ³rugÃƒÂ³ja a hatÃƒÂ©konysÃƒÂ¡g, melyet a merev nemzeti kvÃƒÂ³tÃƒÂ¡kra ÃƒÂ©pÃƒÂ¼lÃ…Â‘ szabÃƒÂ¡lyozÃƒÂ¡s eddig nem mozdÃƒÂ­tott elÃ…Â‘ kellÃ…Â‘kÃƒÂ©ppen. Ehhez tÃƒÂ¡rsul az ÃƒÂ¡rtÃƒÂ¡mogatÃƒÂ¡s termelÃƒÂ©stÃ…Â‘l valÃƒÂ³ fÃƒÂ¼ggetlenÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©se, valamint a tÃƒÂºltermelÃƒÂ©s kezelÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©nek szÃƒÂ¼ksÃƒÂ©gessÃƒÂ©ge is, mivel az EurÃƒÂ³pai UniÃƒÂ³t nemzetkÃƒÂ¶zi kereskedelmi kÃƒÂ¶telezettsÃƒÂ©gei a cukorexport radikÃƒÂ¡lis csÃƒÂ¶kkentÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©re ÃƒÂ©s az import mennyisÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©nek jelentÃ…Â‘s nÃƒÂ¶velÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©re kÃƒÂ©nyszerÃƒÂ­tik. A termelÃƒÂ©s irÃƒÂ¡nyÃƒÂ­tott csÃƒÂ¶kkentÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©re a KÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶ssÃƒÂ©g szerkezetvÃƒÂ¡ltÃƒÂ¡si programot hirdetett meg, amely elvileg a kevÃƒÂ©sbÃƒÂ© versenykÃƒÂ©pes termelÃ…Â‘k kilÃƒÂ©pÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©t eredmÃƒÂ©nyezi. Az EU becsÃƒÂ¼lt cukorkÃƒÂ­nÃƒÂ¡lati fÃƒÂ¼ggvÃƒÂ©nye alapjÃƒÂ¡n lehetÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©g van a kÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¶nbÃƒÂ¶zÃ…Â‘ kvÃƒÂ³tacsÃƒÂ¶kkentÃƒÂ©si lehetÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©gek ÃƒÂ¶sszehasonlÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡ra, a jÃƒÂ³lÃƒÂ©ti kÃƒÂ¶zgazdasÃƒÂ¡gtan mÃƒÂ³dszereinek felhasznÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡val. Ennek segÃƒÂ­tsÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©vel kimutathatÃƒÂ³, hogy egy egyszerÃ…Â± lineÃƒÂ¡ris kvÃƒÂ³tacsÃƒÂ¶kkentÃƒÂ©s, ÃƒÂ©ves szinten, mintegy fÃƒÂ©lmilliÃƒÂ¡rd eurÃƒÂ³s hatÃƒÂ©konysÃƒÂ¡gi vesztesÃƒÂ©get jelent z ÃƒÂ¶nkÃƒÂ©ntes serkezetvÃƒÂ¡ltÃƒÂ¡si programhoz kÃƒÂ©pest. A jelenleg folyÃƒÂ³ cukorreform egyik alapkÃƒÂ©rdÃƒÂ©se tehÃƒÂ¡t az, hogy sikerÃƒÂ¼l-e ezt az elmÃƒÂ©leti hatÃƒÂ©konysÃƒÂ¡gi potenciÃƒÂ¡lt a gyakorlatban is kiaknÃƒÂ¡zni? Az elemzÃƒÂ©s arra a kÃƒÂ¶vetkeztetÃƒÂ©sre jut, hogy e nÃƒÂ©lkÃƒÂ¼l a reformban cÃƒÂ©lul kitÃ…Â‘zÃƒÂ¶tt piaci cukorÃƒÂ¡rak megkÃƒÂ¶zelÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©re nincs esÃƒÂ©ly. - Beyond sketching the background to EU sugar reform the present report concerns the relationships between efficiencies in accomplishing quota reductions. One of the main reasons for reforming the European sugar sector was efficiency, which could not be significantly improved because of national regulations based on rigid quotas. Other reasons were the separation of price support from production and the need to control overproduction because of international trading commitments required the EU to reduce sugar exports radically and increase sugar imports significantly. To achieve planned reduction in production the Community proposed a program of structural change bringing about the exclusion of the lesser competitive producers. On the basis of EUÃ¢Â€Â™s estimated sugar supply function it is possible to compare various possibilities for quota reductions using the methods of social welfare economics. In this way it can be shown that a system of simple liner quota reductions would bring about an annual loss of half billion euro in efficiency as compared with a program of voluntary structural change. The basic question in the sugar reform being presently enforced is whether or not it will be possible to exploit the theoretical value of efficiency in practice. We have come to the conclusion that without the full exploitation of efficiencies planned there is no chance of achieving the market prices of sugar projected in the reform.</abstract>
  <keywords>cukorreform, cukorpiac, kvÃƒÂ³taszabÃƒÂ¡lyozÃƒÂ¡s, szerkezetvÃƒÂ¡ltÃƒÂ¡si program, hatÃƒÂ©konysÃƒÂ¡g, sugar reform, sugar market, quota regulation, program for structural change, efficiency, Agricultural and Food Policy, Crop Production/Industries, International Relations/Trade,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>6</issue>
   <issuedate>2007</issuedate>
   <volume>51</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/57719</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Borbely, Akos</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:57669</identifier><datestamp>2010-03-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:57669">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>KÃƒÂ–ZÃƒÂ‰P-SZIGETKÃƒÂ–ZI TELEPÃƒÂœLÃƒÂ‰SEK ÃƒÂLLATTENYÃƒÂ‰SZTÃƒÂ‰SÃƒÂ‰BEN BEKÃƒÂ–VETKEZETT VÃƒÂLTOZÃƒÂSOK</title>
  <abstract>VizsgÃƒÂ¡lataimban nÃƒÂ©gy kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ©p-szigetkÃƒÂ¶zi telepÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ©s (ÃƒÂsvÃƒÂ¡nyrÃƒÂ¡rÃƒÂ³, HÃƒÂ©dervÃƒÂ¡r, DarnÃƒÂ³zseli, PÃƒÂ¼ski) mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi szÃƒÂ¶vetkezeti ÃƒÂ¡llattenyÃƒÂ©sztÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©t ÃƒÂ©s az ÃƒÂ¡llati ter-mÃƒÂ©k elÃ…Â‘ÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sra vonatkozÃƒÂ³ jellemzÃ…Â‘it elemeztem 1990-tÃ…Â‘l 2006-ig. MegÃƒÂ¡llapÃƒÂ­tot-tam, hogy az egÃƒÂ©sz orszÃƒÂ¡got ÃƒÂ©rintÃ…Â‘ vÃƒÂ¡ltozÃƒÂ¡sok kÃƒÂ¶vetkeztÃƒÂ©ben a vizsgÃƒÂ¡lt szÃƒÂ¶vetke-zetek ÃƒÂ¡llatÃƒÂ¡llomÃƒÂ¡nya drasztikusan lecsÃƒÂ¶kkent, az elÃ…Â‘ÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ­tott ÃƒÂ¡llati termÃƒÂ©kek kÃƒÂ¶re erÃ…Â‘teljesen leszÃ…Â±kÃƒÂ¼lt, melynek hatÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡ra az ÃƒÂ¡llattartÃƒÂ¡s ÃƒÂ©s ÃƒÂ¡llattenyÃƒÂ©sztÃƒÂ©s nagymÃƒÂ©r-tÃƒÂ©kben veszÃƒÂ­tett jelentÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©bÃ…Â‘l. Az ÃƒÂ¡llatÃƒÂ¡llomÃƒÂ¡ny ÃƒÂ©s az elÃ…Â‘ÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ­tott ÃƒÂ¡llati termÃƒÂ©kek csÃƒÂ¶kkenÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©ben ciklusok, kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ©ptÃƒÂ¡vÃƒÂº hullÃƒÂ¡mzÃƒÂ¡sok figyelhetÃ…Â‘k meg, melyek az or-szÃƒÂ¡gos szinten bekÃƒÂ¶vetkezett vÃƒÂ¡ltozÃƒÂ¡soktÃƒÂ³l, az ÃƒÂ¡ltalÃƒÂ¡nos tendenciÃƒÂ¡ktÃƒÂ³l eltÃƒÂ©rÃ…Â‘ mozgÃƒÂ¡st is mutatnak. Az eredmÃƒÂ©nyek bizonyÃƒÂ­tjÃƒÂ¡k, hogy az orszÃƒÂ¡g ezen sajÃƒÂ¡tos tÃƒÂ¡jkÃƒÂ¶rzetÃƒÂ©ben, az ÃƒÂ¡ltalÃƒÂ¡nos gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi hatÃƒÂ¡sok mellett speciÃƒÂ¡lis, a tÃƒÂ©rsÃƒÂ©get ÃƒÂ©rintÃ…Â‘ problÃƒÂ©mÃƒÂ¡k ÃƒÂ©s hatÃƒÂ¡sok is ÃƒÂ©rvÃƒÂ©nyesÃƒÂ¼ltek. EzÃƒÂ©rt kiemelkedÃ…Â‘ fontossÃƒÂ¡gÃƒÂº a kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ©p-szigetkÃƒÂ¶zi telepÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ©sek ÃƒÂ¡llattenyÃƒÂ©sztÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©t befolyÃƒÂ¡solÃƒÂ³ ÃƒÂ¡ltalÃƒÂ¡nos ÃƒÂ©s sajÃƒÂ¡tos tÃƒÂ©nyezÃ…Â‘k, tÃƒÂ©nyezÃ…Â‘rendszerek elemzÃƒÂ©se, az ÃƒÂ¡llattenyÃƒÂ©sztÃƒÂ©sben bekÃƒÂ¶vetkezett vÃƒÂ¡ltozÃƒÂ¡sok ha-tÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡nak vizsgÃƒÂ¡lata. A jÃƒÂ¶vÃ…Â‘ben cÃƒÂ©lszerÃ…Â± tÃƒÂ¶rekedni az ÃƒÂ¡llatÃƒÂ¡llomÃƒÂ¡ny csÃƒÂ¶kkenÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©nek mÃƒÂ©rsÃƒÂ©klÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©re, a telepÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ©seken mÃ…Â±kÃƒÂ¶dÃ…Â‘ helyi gazdÃƒÂ¡lkodÃƒÂ¡si ÃƒÂ©s ÃƒÂ¡llati termÃƒÂ©k elÃ…Â‘ÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ­-tÃƒÂ³ rendszerek megerÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©re ÃƒÂ©s bÃ…Â‘vÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©re, az EU-tagsÃƒÂ¡g adta lehetÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©gek meg-felelÃ…Â‘ szintÃ…Â± kihasznÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡ra, a Ã¢Â€ÂžgyÃƒÂ¶kerekhez visszanyÃƒÂºlÃƒÂ³Ã¢Â€Â tradicionÃƒÂ¡lis tapaszta-latok Ã¢Â€Â“ a hagyomÃƒÂ¡nyos szigetkÃƒÂ¶zi ÃƒÂ¡llattartÃƒÂ¡si ÃƒÂ©s ÃƒÂ¡llattenyÃƒÂ©sztÃƒÂ©si techolÃƒÂ³giÃƒÂ¡k Ã¢Â€Â“ ÃƒÂ©s az ÃƒÂºj termelÃƒÂ©si kÃƒÂ¶vetelmÃƒÂ©nyek ÃƒÂ¶tvÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©nek megvalÃƒÂ³sÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡ra. - In my investigations I analysed the characteristics related to animal breeding and the production of animal produce in the agricultural co-operatives of four Central SzigetkÃƒÂ¶z settlements (ÃƒÂsvÃƒÂ¡nyrÃƒÂ¡rÃƒÂ³, HÃƒÂ©dervÃƒÂ¡r, DarnÃƒÂ³zseli, PÃƒÂ¼ski), between 1990 and 2006. I determined that as a result of the changes affecting the whole country, the livestock of the co-operatives being examined was drastically reduced and the range of animal products being produced was greatly cut back. As a result of this, animal husbandry and animal breeding suffered a major loss of importance. Cycles and medium-term fluctuations can be observed in the re-duction of livestock and animal produce, which present movements that differ from the changes occurring at the national level and from average tendencies. The results prove that specific, regionally relevant problems and effects appeared in this unique region of the country, alongside the usual economic effects. For this reason, an analysis of the general and unique factors and factor systems influencing animal breeding in the Central SzigetkÃƒÂ¶z settlements, as well as an examination of the effects of the changes in animal breeding, are of the utmost importance. It would be beneficial in the future to aim for: the tempering of live-stock reductions; the strengthening and expansion of local economic and animal product producing systems operating in the settlements; appropriate utilisation of the opportunities presented by EU membership; and the realisation of a com-bination of grass-roots, traditional experience Ã¢Â€Â“ traditional animal husbandry and animal breeding technologies of SzigetkÃƒÂ¶z Ã¢Â€Â“ with the new breeding require-ments.</abstract>
  <keywords>SzigetkÃƒÂ¶z, ÃƒÂ¡llattenyÃƒÂ©sztÃƒÂ©s, ÃƒÂ¡llati termÃƒÂ©k, szÃƒÂ¶vetkezetek, ciklushatÃƒÂ¡s, SzigetkÃƒÂ¶z, animal breeding, animal produce, co-operatives, cyclical effects, Agribusiness, Livestock Production/Industries,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>2</issue>
   <issuedate>2007</issuedate>
   <volume>51</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/57669</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Horvath, Eszter</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:57736</identifier><datestamp>2010-03-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:57736">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>A hazai zÃƒÂ¶ldsÃƒÂ©g- ÃƒÂ©s gyÃƒÂ¼mÃƒÂ¶lcsÃƒÂ¡gazat fejlÃ…Â‘dÃƒÂ©si kilÃƒÂ¡tÃƒÂ¡sai</title>
  <abstract>A magyarorszÃƒÂ¡gi zÃƒÂ¶ldsÃƒÂ©g- ÃƒÂ©s gyÃƒÂ¼mÃƒÂ¶lcsÃƒÂ¡gazat felkÃƒÂ©szÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ©se az uniÃƒÂ³s csatlakozÃƒÂ¡sra nem volt igazÃƒÂ¡n eredmÃƒÂ©nyes, uniÃƒÂ³s tagsÃƒÂ¡gunk eddigi tapasztalatai, eredmÃƒÂ©nyei is felemÃƒÂ¡sak. A csatlakozÃƒÂ¡snak eddig tÃƒÂ¶bb a negatÃƒÂ­v, az ÃƒÂ¡gazat jÃƒÂ¶vÃ…Â‘jÃƒÂ©t veszÃƒÂ©lyeztetÃ…Â‘ kÃƒÂ¶vetkezmÃƒÂ©nye, mint a pozitÃƒÂ­v hozadÃƒÂ©ka. A korÃƒÂ¡bbi gyengesÃƒÂ©gek Ã¢Â€Â“ alacsony szervezettsÃƒÂ©g, elavult mÃ…Â±szaki szÃƒÂ­nvonal, hiÃƒÂ¡nyos logisztikai rendszerek, elaprÃƒÂ³zott birtokstruktÃƒÂºra, szÃƒÂ©lsÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©gesen differenciÃƒÂ¡lt termelÃƒÂ©si (gazdÃƒÂ¡lkodÃƒÂ¡si) szÃƒÂ­nvonal Ã¢Â€Â“ kÃƒÂ¶vetkeztÃƒÂ©ben itthon piacvesztÃƒÂ©s, strukturÃƒÂ¡lis feszÃƒÂ¼ltsÃƒÂ©gek jÃƒÂ¶ttek lÃƒÂ©tre. KÃƒÂ©sÃ…Â‘n ÃƒÂ©s lassan indult meg a gazdÃƒÂ¡k ÃƒÂ¶sszefogÃƒÂ¡sa, egyÃƒÂ¼ttmÃ…Â±kÃƒÂ¶dÃƒÂ©se, ÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kesÃƒÂ­tÃ…Â‘ tevÃƒÂ©kenysÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ¼k megszervezÃƒÂ©se. A termelÃ…Â‘k gyenge piaci alkuereje kedvezÃ…Â‘tlenÃƒÂ¼l befolyÃƒÂ¡solta mind az ÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kesÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©st, mind a jÃƒÂ¶vedelmezÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©get. A magyar zÃƒÂ¶ldsÃƒÂ©g- ÃƒÂ©s gyÃƒÂ¼mÃƒÂ¶lcsÃƒÂ¡gazat versenykÃƒÂ©pessÃƒÂ©ge vegyes kÃƒÂ©pet mutat: az erÃ…Â‘ssÃƒÂ©gek mellett szÃƒÂ¡mos gyenge pont talÃƒÂ¡lhatÃƒÂ³, melyek veszÃƒÂ©lyeztetik a piacra jutÃƒÂ¡si esÃƒÂ©lyeket. Az ÃƒÂ¡gazat szerkezetÃƒÂ¡talakÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sa nem fejezÃ…Â‘dÃƒÂ¶tt be; a jelenlegi helyzet nem hasonlÃƒÂ­thatÃƒÂ³ az ÃƒÂ©vtizedeken ÃƒÂ¡t piacgazdasÃƒÂ¡gon edzÃ…Â‘dÃƒÂ¶tt nyugat-eurÃƒÂ³pai orszÃƒÂ¡gokÃƒÂ©hoz. A piaci verseny erÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ¶dÃƒÂ©se, a kereslet-kÃƒÂ­nÃƒÂ¡lat ÃƒÂ¶sszhangjÃƒÂ¡nak hiÃƒÂ¡nyossÃƒÂ¡gai, az ÃƒÂºj piaci kÃƒÂ¶rÃƒÂ¼lmÃƒÂ©nyekhez valÃƒÂ³ alkalmazkodÃƒÂ¡s a vÃƒÂ¡ltoztatÃƒÂ¡sok sorÃƒÂ¡t igÃƒÂ©nyli. A zÃƒÂ¶ldsÃƒÂ©g ÃƒÂ©s gyÃƒÂ¼mÃƒÂ¶lcsÃƒÂ¡gazat fejlesztÃƒÂ©se azÃƒÂ©rt indokolt, mert a kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ©p-eurÃƒÂ³pai rÃƒÂ©giÃƒÂ³ mÃƒÂ¡s orszÃƒÂ¡gaihoz viszonyÃƒÂ­tva MagyarorszÃƒÂ¡g jÃƒÂ³ adottsÃƒÂ¡gokkal rendelkezik. MindkÃƒÂ©t ÃƒÂ¡gazat egyik erÃ…Â‘ssÃƒÂ©ge lehetne a kiterjedt belsÃ…Â‘ piacra termelÃƒÂ©s. LehetÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©get jelent a biotermÃƒÂ©kek, kÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¶nlegessÃƒÂ©gek, Ã¢Â€ÂžhungarikumokÃ¢Â€Â termelÃƒÂ©se, a rÃƒÂ©spiacok igÃƒÂ©nyeinek kielÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©se. EgyelÃ…Â‘re azonban versenyhÃƒÂ¡trÃƒÂ¡ny ÃƒÂ©rvÃƒÂ©nyesÃƒÂ¼l, ÃƒÂ©s szÃƒÂ¡molni szÃƒÂ¼ksÃƒÂ©ges azzal, hogy az elkÃƒÂ¶vetkezÃ…Â‘ ÃƒÂ©vekben tovÃƒÂ¡bb nÃ…Â‘ a friss ÃƒÂ¡ruk behozatala. Nemzeti, fogyasztÃƒÂ³i ÃƒÂ©s gazdÃƒÂ¡lkodÃƒÂ³i ÃƒÂ©rdek, hogy mindkÃƒÂ©t ÃƒÂ¡gazat 2013-ig a kÃƒÂ­vÃƒÂ¡natos fejlÃ…Â‘dÃƒÂ©si pÃƒÂ¡lyÃƒÂ¡ra ÃƒÂ¡lljon. Ennek elÃƒÂ©rÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©hez azonban sok a teendÃ…Â‘, tÃƒÂ¶bb innovÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³, fejlesztÃƒÂ©s, eredmÃƒÂ©nyesebb egyÃƒÂ¼ttmÃ…Â±kÃƒÂ¶dÃƒÂ©s szÃƒÂ¼ksÃƒÂ©ges. ForrÃƒÂ¡st a fejlesztÃƒÂ©sekhez az ÃƒÂšj MagyarorszÃƒÂ¡g VidÃƒÂ©kfejlesztÃƒÂ©si Program tÃƒÂ¡mogatÃƒÂ¡sai nyÃƒÂºjthatnak. - The Hungarian fruit and vegetable sectorÃ¢Â€Â™s preparation for EU accession was not particularly successful and the experiences and results to date of our EU membership have been uneven. There have so far been more negative consequences of accession, which threaten the sectorÃ¢Â€Â™s future, than positive returns. As a result of earlier weaknesses Ã¢Â€Â“ disorganisation, archaic technical standards, deficient logistical systems, a partitioned land ownership structure, and extremely differentiated production (farming) standards Ã¢Â€Â“ market losses and structural tensions arose domestically. Collaboration and cooperation among farmers, and the organisation of their sales activities, began late and took off slowly. ProducersÃ¢Â€Â™ weak position in market negotiations influenced both sales and income unfavourably. The Hungarian fruit and vegetable sectorÃ¢Â€Â™s competitiveness presents a mixed picture: besides the strengths, numerous weaknesses can be found that endanger the chances of accessing the market. The structural transformation of the sector has not been completed and the current situation cannot be compared to that of West European countries with decades of market economy training. Growing market competition, deficiencies in the balance of supply and demand, and adaptation to new market conditions require a whole series of changes. Development of the fruit and vegetable sector is justified because, in comparison to other countries in the Central European region, Hungary has good attributes. One of the strengths of each sector could be producing for the expanded internal market. Production of organic, speciality and Ã¢Â€ÂœHungaricumÃ¢Â€Â produce offers an opportunity to meet the demands of niche markets. For the moment, however, competitive disadvantage prevails and we must reckon with imports of fresh produce increasing in the coming years. It is in the national, consumer and farming interest that both sectors embark on the desired development path by 2013. Much needs to be done, however, to achieve this: more innovation, development and effective cooperation is required. Development resources could be offered by the New Hungary Rural Development Programme grants.</abstract>
  <keywords>termelÃƒÂ©s, versenykÃƒÂ©pessÃƒÂ©g, szervezettsÃƒÂ©g, kilÃƒÂ¡tÃƒÂ¡sok, fejlesztÃƒÂ©si feladatok, production, competitiveness, organisation, prospects, development tasks, Agribusiness, Crop Production/Industries,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>2</issue>
   <issuedate>2008</issuedate>
   <volume>52</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/57736</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Erdesz, Ferencne</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:58608</identifier><datestamp>2010-03-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:58608">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>Az agrÃƒÂ¡rszektorban elhelyezkedni szÃƒÂ¡ndÃƒÂ©kozÃƒÂ³ fi atalok vizsgÃƒÂ¡lata</title>
  <abstract>A 2006-ban lefolytatott empirikus kutatÃƒÂ¡s arra kereste a vÃƒÂ¡laszt, hogy az agrÃƒÂ¡rgazdasÃƒÂ¡gban elhelyezkedni szÃƒÂ¡ndÃƒÂ©kozÃƒÂ³ fi atalok kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¼l kinek van nagyobb esÃƒÂ©lye a szakmÃƒÂ¡jÃƒÂ¡n belÃƒÂ¼li helytÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ¡sra, melyek azok a tÃƒÂ©nyezÃ…Â‘k, amelyek befolyÃƒÂ¡soljÃƒÂ¡k az eredmÃƒÂ©nyessÃƒÂ©get. EgyÃƒÂ©rtelmÃ…Â±, hogy a fi atalok azon csoportjÃƒÂ¡nak nagyobb az esÃƒÂ©lye a helytÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ¡sra, akik kellÃ…Â‘kÃƒÂ©ppen elkÃƒÂ¶telezettek szakmÃƒÂ¡juk irÃƒÂ¡nt, megfelelÃ…Â‘ mÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kben motivÃƒÂ¡ltak, nyitottak, illetve kreatÃƒÂ­vak. A kÃƒÂ©rdÃ…Â‘ÃƒÂ­ves felmÃƒÂ©rÃƒÂ©s rÃƒÂ¡vilÃƒÂ¡gÃƒÂ­tott arra is, hogy a mintÃƒÂ¡ba kerÃƒÂ¼lt mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi szakiskolai, szakkÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ©piskolai tanulÃƒÂ³k, valamint agrÃƒÂ¡r fÃ…Â‘iskolai/ egyetemi hallgatÃƒÂ³k szakmÃƒÂ¡juk irÃƒÂ¡nti elkÃƒÂ¶telezettsÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©t, hozzÃƒÂ¡ÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡t a fi atalok csalÃƒÂ¡dbÃƒÂ³l hozott tÃƒÂ¡rsadalmi, gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi ÃƒÂ©s kulturÃƒÂ¡lis tÃ…Â‘kÃƒÂ©je, azaz az egyÃƒÂ©nt jellemzÃ…Â‘ szocioÃƒÂ¶konÃƒÂ³miai faktorok erÃ…Â‘teljesebben befolyÃƒÂ¡soljÃƒÂ¡k, mint az alapfokÃƒÂº oktatÃƒÂ¡si intÃƒÂ©zmÃƒÂ©nyek. --------------------- During an empirical research in 2006 we tried to answer the question who among those young people, wanting a job in agriculture, will have better chance to fulfi l professional commitments and which are the factors infl uencing their successfulness. It has become unambiguosly clear that those have better chances who are properly lived up with commitments, are duly motivated as well as open and creative persons. The survey showed as well that professional binding of students of agricultural secondary schools and universities is stronger infl uenced by such socio-economic factors as human capital characterising individuals and originating from families than ground schools.</abstract>
  <keywords>szelektÃƒÂ­v oktatÃƒÂ¡si rendszer, szocioÃƒÂ¶konÃƒÂ³miai hÃƒÂ¡ttÃƒÂ©r, szakma irÃƒÂ¡nti elkÃƒÂ¶telezettsÃƒÂ©g, agrÃƒÂ¡rszektor, selective education system, socio-economic background, binding to profession, agricultural sector, Labor and Human Capital,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>6</issue>
   <issuedate>2008</issuedate>
   <volume>52</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/58608</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Komlosi, Eva</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:57728</identifier><datestamp>2010-03-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:57728">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>KereskedÃƒÂ©s az integrÃƒÂ¡lt Budapesti ÃƒÂ‰rtÃƒÂ©ktÃ…Â‘zsdÃƒÂ©n</title>
  <abstract>A versenykÃƒÂ©pessÃƒÂ©g megÃ…Â‘rzÃƒÂ©se ÃƒÂ©s erÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©se mind az orszÃƒÂ¡g, mind a tÃ…Â‘kepiac alapvetÃ…Â‘ ÃƒÂ©rdeke. Ezen kihÃƒÂ­vÃƒÂ¡s egyik eredmÃƒÂ©nye a 2005-ben lÃƒÂ©trejÃƒÂ¶tt tÃ…Â‘zsdei integrÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³. A modern tÃƒÂ¡vkereskedÃƒÂ©si rendszerÃƒÂ©hez (MMTS I-II.) a vilÃƒÂ¡g bÃƒÂ¡rmely pontjÃƒÂ¡rÃƒÂ³l nyitott interface-en keresztÃƒÂ¼l kapcsolÃƒÂ³dhatnak a piaci szereplÃ…Â‘k, ÃƒÂ­gy akÃƒÂ¡r az egyÃƒÂ©ni vagy intÃƒÂ©zmÃƒÂ©nyi befektetÃ…Â‘k, mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi termelÃ…Â‘k, spekulÃƒÂ¡nsok is. Ahhoz, hogy a mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi termelÃ…Â‘k, feldolgozÃƒÂ³k ki tudjÃƒÂ¡k hasznÃƒÂ¡lni a tÃ…Â‘zsde adta lehetÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©geket, ÃƒÂ©s az ÃƒÂ¡rbiztosÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡suk remÃƒÂ©nyÃƒÂ©ben hedge (fedezeti), illetve opciÃƒÂ³s ÃƒÂ¼gyleteket tudjanak kÃƒÂ¶tni eredmÃƒÂ©nyesen, elÃ…Â‘szÃƒÂ¶r meg kell ismerniÃƒÂ¼k a jelentÃ…Â‘s ÃƒÂ¡talakulÃƒÂ¡son ÃƒÂ¡tesett Ã¢Â€Â“ ÃƒÂ©s folyamatosan vÃƒÂ¡ltozÃƒÂ³ Ã¢Â€Â“ tÃ…Â‘zsde alapvetÃ…Â‘ mÃ…Â±kÃƒÂ¶dÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©t. A Budapesti ÃƒÂ‰rtÃƒÂ©ktÃ…Â‘zsde jelenlegi stratÃƒÂ©giÃƒÂ¡jÃƒÂ¡nak cÃƒÂ©lja, hogy hosszÃƒÂº tÃƒÂ¡von a hazai pÃƒÂ©nz- ÃƒÂ©s tÃ…Â‘kepiaci kultÃƒÂºra alakÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡nak meghatÃƒÂ¡rozÃƒÂ³ szereplÃ…Â‘je maradjon. Ennek ÃƒÂ©rdekÃƒÂ©ben kiszolgÃƒÂ¡lja a forrÃƒÂ¡st bevonni kÃƒÂ­vÃƒÂ¡nÃƒÂ³ gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi tÃƒÂ¡rsasÃƒÂ¡gokat ÃƒÂ©s a befektetÃ…Â‘k minÃƒÂ©l szÃƒÂ©lesebb rÃƒÂ©tegÃƒÂ©t. - The maintenance and strengthening of competitiveness is the fundamental interest of both country and capital market. An outcome of this challenge is the integration of stock exchange in 2005. Market participants may connect to this up-to-date distance trading system (MMTS I-II) from any point on the world via an open interface, including individuals, institutional investors, agricultural producers or even speculators. To exploit the opportunities afforded by the exchange in making successful hedging or options deals (in the hope of price insurance) farmers and food processors have to be aware of the significant changes that have occurred (and still occurring) in the operations of the exchange. It is at present a strategic goal of Budapest Stock Exchange to remain on long term the determining institution in the development of domestic money and capital markets. Consequently it serves commercial enterprises requiring resources and the widest possible circle of investors.</abstract>
  <keywords>tÃ…Â‘zsdei integrÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³, garanciarendszer, szÃƒÂ¡rmazÃƒÂ©kos szekciÃƒÂ³, hatÃƒÂ¡ridÃ…Â‘s arany kontraktus, exchange integration, system of guaranties, derivatives market, gold contract with time limits, Agribusiness, International Relations/Trade,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>1</issue>
   <issuedate>2008</issuedate>
   <volume>52</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/57728</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Fodor, Lorant</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Szabo, Imre Laszlo</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:57677</identifier><datestamp>2010-03-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:57677">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>MINÃ…ÂSÃƒÂ‰G A SERTÃƒÂ‰SHÃƒÂšSVERTIKUMBAN</title>
  <abstract>Sokan ÃƒÂ©s sokszor hangoztatjÃƒÂ¡k a minÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©gi termÃƒÂ©kelÃ…Â‘ÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡s fontossÃƒÂ¡gÃƒÂ¡t, a mi-nÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©g fokozÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡t, de kevesebben tÃƒÂ©rnek arra ki, hogy vÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ¼l is mit cÃƒÂ©lszerÃ…Â± fokozni, milyen minÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©get indokolt elÃ…Â‘ÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ­tani, mert eltÃƒÂ©rÃ…Â‘ minÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©gkategÃƒÂ³riÃƒÂ¡k lÃƒÂ©teznek az ÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©klÃƒÂ¡nc folyamatÃƒÂ¡ban. MÃƒÂ¡s a megÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©lÃƒÂ©s a termelÃ…Â‘nÃƒÂ©l, mÃƒÂ¡s a feldolgozÃƒÂ³nÃƒÂ¡l ÃƒÂ©s teljesen mÃƒÂ¡s lehet a forgalmazÃƒÂ³nÃƒÂ¡l. A vÃƒÂ©gsÃ…Â‘ Ã¢Â€ÂžminÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©gellenÃ…Â‘rÃ¢Â€Â vÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ¼l is a fogyasz-tÃƒÂ³. KÃƒÂ©rdÃƒÂ©s csupÃƒÂ¡n az, hogy a fogyasztÃƒÂ³i ÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©let mennyire jelenik meg az ÃƒÂ©r-tÃƒÂ©klÃƒÂ¡nc korÃƒÂ¡bbi szakaszainÃƒÂ¡l, ki mit tehet, illetve tesz a minÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©g nÃƒÂ¶velÃƒÂ©se ÃƒÂ©rde-kÃƒÂ©ben. Szinte feltÃƒÂ¡ratlan mindezek mellett a minÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©g kÃƒÂ¶ltsÃƒÂ©geinek kÃƒÂ©rdÃƒÂ©skÃƒÂ¶re, a gazdasÃƒÂ¡gilag optimÃƒÂ¡lis minÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©g. A tanulmÃƒÂ¡ny problÃƒÂ©mafelvetÃ…Â‘ a sertÃƒÂ©shÃƒÂºsverti-kumban, de hasonlÃƒÂ³ ÃƒÂ©s rÃƒÂ©szletesebb vizsgÃƒÂ¡latok szÃƒÂ¼ksÃƒÂ©gesek a tÃƒÂ¶bbi ÃƒÂ¡llattenyÃƒÂ©sz-tÃƒÂ©si ÃƒÂ¡gazatban is. Indokolt az ÃƒÂ¡llati termÃƒÂ©kek minÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©gkategÃƒÂ³riÃƒÂ¡it komplexen ke-zelni, mert csak ÃƒÂ­gy lehet az ÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©klÃƒÂ¡nc folyamat egyes elemeinÃƒÂ©l a fogyasztÃƒÂ³i elvÃƒÂ¡-rÃƒÂ¡sokat, ÃƒÂ©s ezzel egyÃƒÂ¼tt a fizetÃ…Â‘kÃƒÂ©pes keresletet mind teljesebben kielÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ­teni. - The importance of quality product production and of improving quality can be heard often and from many quarters, however fewer specify what exactly should be improved and what level of production quality is appropriate, because differing quality categories exist within the value chain process. Opinions differ between producer and processor and may be completely different again when it comes to the distributor. The final Ã¢Â€Âœquality controllerÃ¢Â€Â is in the end the consumer. The question is simply the extent to which consumer value judgements appear at earlier stages of the value chain, and who can do or does do something in the interests of improving quality. At the same time, questions related to the costs of quality and to economically optimal quality remain virtually unexplored. This study raises issues within the pork verticum, but similar and more detailed investigations are also needed in the other animal breeding sectors. There is good reason to handle the quality categories of animal products in a complex manner, as this is the only way to more fully meet consumer expectations and thereby sol-vent demand within various elements of the value chain.</abstract>
  <keywords>minÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©g, minÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©gkÃƒÂ¶ltsÃƒÂ©g, minÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©gi kategÃƒÂ³riÃƒÂ¡k, gazdasÃƒÂ¡gilag optimÃƒÂ¡lis minÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©g, ÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©klÃƒÂ¡nc, quality, quality expenditure, quality categories, economically optimal quality, value chain, Agribusiness, Food Security and Poverty, Livestock Production/Industries,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>3</issue>
   <issuedate>2007</issuedate>
   <volume>51</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/57677</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Nabradi, Andras</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:57648</identifier><datestamp>2010-03-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:57648">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>LEADER PROGRAM A DÃƒÂ‰L-MÃƒÂTRÃƒÂBAN</title>
  <abstract>A DÃƒÂ©l-MÃƒÂ¡tra 11 telepÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ©seibÃ…Â‘l az ÃƒÂ¶nkormÃƒÂ¡nyzatoktÃƒÂ³l ÃƒÂ©s civil szervezetektÃ…Â‘l ÃƒÂ©rkezett a legtÃƒÂ¶bb pÃƒÂ¡lyÃƒÂ¡zat. A vÃƒÂ¡llalkozÃƒÂ³k ÃƒÂ©s magÃƒÂ¡nszemÃƒÂ©lyek visszafogott meg-jelenÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©nek valÃƒÂ³szÃƒÂ­nÃ…Â± oka az ÃƒÂ¶nerÃ…Â‘ hiÃƒÂ¡nya. A nagyszÃƒÂ¡mÃƒÂº beadott pÃƒÂ¡lyÃƒÂ¡zat arra enged kÃƒÂ¶vetkeztetni, hogy nagy az ÃƒÂ©rdeklÃ…Â‘dÃƒÂ©s, ÃƒÂ©s a reÃƒÂ¡lis cÃƒÂ©lokat az emberek meg is akarjÃƒÂ¡k valÃƒÂ³sÃƒÂ­tani, amihez a nyertes telepÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ©sek kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶tt az eddiginÃƒÂ©l nagyobb ÃƒÂ¶sszefogÃƒÂ¡s szÃƒÂ¼ksÃƒÂ©ges. ÃƒÂ‰rzÃƒÂ©kelhetÃ…Â‘, hogy a telepÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ©seken rÃƒÂ¡ÃƒÂ©bredtek arra, hogy a program a tÃƒÂ©rsÃƒÂ©gben kÃƒÂ¶rnyezeti, turisztikai, munkahely-teremtÃƒÂ©si vÃƒÂ¡ltozÃƒÂ¡sokat eredmÃƒÂ©nyezhet, amihez majd mÃƒÂ¡s telepÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ©sek csatlakozhatnak, ezzel teljesebbÃƒÂ© tÃƒÂ©ve a MÃƒÂ¡tra ÃƒÂ©s tÃƒÂ©rsÃƒÂ©ge fejlÃ…Â‘dÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©t. Az elmÃƒÂºlt ÃƒÂ©vek tapasztalatai alapjÃƒÂ¡n azt min-den esetben cÃƒÂ©lszerÃ…Â± hangsÃƒÂºlyozni, hogy nem a 90 milliÃƒÂ³ Ft pÃƒÂ¡lyÃƒÂ¡zati forrÃƒÂ¡s el-kÃƒÂ¶ltÃƒÂ©se a feladat, hanem hatÃƒÂ©kony, ÃƒÂ©sszerÃ…Â± befektetÃƒÂ©sek megvalÃƒÂ³sÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sa, melyben a tanÃƒÂ¡csadÃƒÂ¡snak, a pÃƒÂ¡lyÃƒÂ¡zÃƒÂ³- ÃƒÂ©s ÃƒÂ¼gyfÃƒÂ©lbarÃƒÂ¡t vÃƒÂ©grehajtÃƒÂ¡snak, a szakemberek ÃƒÂ¶sz-szefogÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡nak, a tudomÃƒÂ¡nynak meghatÃƒÂ¡rozÃƒÂ³ a szerepe. A KÃƒÂ¡roly RÃƒÂ³bert FÃ…Â‘iskola, mint RegionÃƒÂ¡lis AgrÃƒÂ¡rinnovÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³s TudÃƒÂ¡skÃƒÂ¶zpont, ezt kÃƒÂ­vÃƒÂ¡nja segÃƒÂ­teni. - The greatest number of applications from the South MÃƒÂ¡traÃ¢Â€Â™s 11 settlements was received from local authorities and civil organisations. The muted presence of businesses and individuals was most likely caused by a lack of own resources. The high number of submitted applications allows us to conclude that there is great interest and that people actually wish to attain the realistic aims, which require a greater degree of cooperation than previously between successful settlements. It is noticeable that those living in the settlements have realised that the programme can produce change in terms of environment, tourism and employment-creation, to which other settlements can subsequently join up, furthering the development of the MÃƒÂ¡tra and its region. Based on the experiences of the past few years it is useful in any event to emphasise and explain that it is not the expenditure of the 90 million forint funding resource that is the task, but the realisation of effective, sensible investments, in which advice, applicant- and client-friendly implementation, the collaboration of experts, and science, all play a key role. The RÃƒÂ³bert KÃƒÂ¡roly Institute of Higher Education, being a Regional Agricultural Innovation Centre of Knowledge, seeks to assist this process.</abstract>
  <keywords>EMVA, LEADER, akciÃƒÂ³csoportok, partnersÃƒÂ©g, ÃƒÂ©letminÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©g, DÃƒÂ©l-MÃƒÂ¡tra 11, EMVA, LEADER, action groups, partnership, quality of life, South MÃƒÂ¡tra 11, Agricultural and Food Policy, Community/Rural/Urban Development,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>1</issue>
   <issuedate>2007</issuedate>
   <volume>51</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/57648</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Wolcz, Andrea</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Bardosne-Kocsis, Eva</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:57651</identifier><datestamp>2010-03-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:57651">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>A MAGYARORSZÃƒÂGI JUHTARTÃƒÂS JÃƒÂ–VEDELMEZÃ…ÂSÃƒÂ‰GE</title>
  <abstract>A magyar juhÃƒÂ¡gazat jÃƒÂ¶vedelmi helyzetÃƒÂ©t 1998-2005 kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶tt vizsgÃƒÂ¡lva azt mondhatjuk, hogy az ÃƒÂ¡gazat minden ÃƒÂ©vben vesztesÃƒÂ©ges volt, bruttÃƒÂ³ jÃƒÂ¶vedelmet kÃƒÂ©t ÃƒÂ©vben, 2001-ben ÃƒÂ©s 2002-ben ÃƒÂ©rt el. A juhtartÃƒÂ¡ssal foglalkozÃƒÂ³ gazdÃƒÂ¡lkodÃƒÂ³k a kÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¶nfÃƒÂ©le tÃƒÂ¡mogatÃƒÂ¡si lehetÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©gek maximÃƒÂ¡lis kihasznÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡val az ÃƒÂ¡gazat jÃƒÂ¶vedelmi pozÃƒÂ­ciÃƒÂ³jÃƒÂ¡n jelentÃ…Â‘sen javÃƒÂ­thatnak. A tÃƒÂ¡mogatÃƒÂ¡sok igÃƒÂ©nybevÃƒÂ©telÃƒÂ©n tÃƒÂºl a jÃƒÂ¶vedel-mezÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©gi helyzetÃƒÂ¼k javÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡nak forrÃƒÂ¡sa a piaci alkalmazkodÃƒÂ¡s, illetve a techno-lÃƒÂ³gia javÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sa. Ha a termÃƒÂ©keik ÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kesÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©si arÃƒÂ¡nyÃƒÂ¡t nÃƒÂ¶velnÃƒÂ©k a karÃƒÂ¡csonyi sze-zonban a jelenlegi hÃƒÂºsvÃƒÂ©ti ÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kesÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©ssel szemben, valamint a kos, illetve a jerke-bÃƒÂ¡rÃƒÂ¡nyok ÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kesÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©ben a termelÃ…Â‘k figyelembe vennÃƒÂ©k azt, hogy jelentÃ…Â‘sen eltÃƒÂ©r a kÃƒÂ©t ivar hÃƒÂ­zlalÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡nak jÃƒÂ¶vedelmezÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©ge az ÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kesÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©si sÃƒÂºly fÃƒÂ¼ggvÃƒÂ©nyÃƒÂ©ben. A jerkebÃƒÂ¡rÃƒÂ¡nyokat kisebb testsÃƒÂºly-kategÃƒÂ³riÃƒÂ¡ban, a kosbÃƒÂ¡rÃƒÂ¡nyokat a nagyobb test-sÃƒÂºly-kategÃƒÂ³riÃƒÂ¡ban ÃƒÂ©rdemes ÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kesÃƒÂ­teni. - Examining the income situation of the Hungarian sheep sector in the period 1998-2005, it can be said that the sector was loss-making every year, achieving a gross income in two years, 2001 and 2002. Farmers engaged in sheep farming could significantly improve on the sectorÃ¢Â€Â™s income position by maximising utili-sation of the various subsidy possibilities. Beyond subsidy utilisation, adapting to the market is a means of improving their income, as is technological improvement. They should increase the sales ra-tio of their produce during the Christmas season, in relation to current Easter sales. Furthermore, in respect to sales of rams and ewe lambs, producers should take into account the significant difference in the profitability of fattening the two sexes as a function of sales weight. It is worth selling ewe lambs in a lower bodyweight category and rams in a higher one.</abstract>
  <keywords>jÃƒÂ¶vedelem, termelÃƒÂ©si kÃƒÂ¶ltsÃƒÂ©g, ÃƒÂ¡rbevÃƒÂ©tel, income, production cost, return from sales, Agribusiness, Livestock Production/Industries,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>1</issue>
   <issuedate>2007</issuedate>
   <volume>51</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/57651</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Fenyves, Veronika</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Ertsey, Imre</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:57666</identifier><datestamp>2010-03-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:57666">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>TÃƒÂRSADALMI TÃ…ÂKE ÃƒÂ‰S A KÃƒÂ–ZÃƒÂ–SSÃƒÂ‰GI AGRÃƒÂRMARKETING AZ ÃƒÂ‰LELMISZERGAZDASÃƒÂGBAN</title>
  <abstract>Az ÃƒÂ©lelmiszeripari szereplÃ…Â‘k bizalmi szintje magasabb a korÃƒÂ¡bbi ÃƒÂ©vtizedben mÃƒÂ©rt szintnÃƒÂ©l, a megkÃƒÂ©rdezettek kÃƒÂ¶rÃƒÂ©ben hatÃƒÂ¡rozottan ÃƒÂ©rzÃƒÂ©kelhetÃ…Â‘ a szorosabb ÃƒÂ¶sszefogÃƒÂ¡s szÃƒÂ¼ksÃƒÂ©gessÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©nek felismerÃƒÂ©se. Az egyÃƒÂ¼ttmÃ…Â±kÃƒÂ¶dÃƒÂ©si lehetÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©g adott. KÃƒÂ©r-dÃƒÂ©s, hogy a bizalmi szint mennyire mozdÃƒÂ­tja elÃ…Â‘ a kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶s fellÃƒÂ©pÃƒÂ©sekhez szÃƒÂ¼ksÃƒÂ©ges ÃƒÂ¶sszefogÃƒÂ¡st, az egyÃƒÂ©ni ÃƒÂ©rdekek hÃƒÂ¡ttÃƒÂ©rbe szorÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡t. EgyÃƒÂ©rtelmÃ…Â± az ÃƒÂ¶sszefÃƒÂ¼ggÃƒÂ©s a kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶s programokban valÃƒÂ³ rÃƒÂ©szvÃƒÂ©teli hajlandÃƒÂ³sÃƒÂ¡g ÃƒÂ©s mÃƒÂ¡sok KAM programokban valÃƒÂ³ rÃƒÂ©szvÃƒÂ©telÃƒÂ©nek megÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©lÃƒÂ©se kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶tt. A kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶s akciÃƒÂ³kban rÃƒÂ©szt vevÃ…Â‘ ÃƒÂ©lelmiszeripari szereplÃ…Â‘k viszonylag nyitottak egymÃƒÂ¡s felÃƒÂ©, ami nagy valÃƒÂ³szÃƒÂ­nÃ…Â±sÃƒÂ©ggel abbÃƒÂ³l fakad, hogy ÃƒÂ©rzik az akciÃƒÂ³ pozitÃƒÂ­v hatÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡t, a tÃƒÂ¶bbi rÃƒÂ©sztvevÃ…Â‘ egyÃƒÂ¼ttmÃ…Â±kÃƒÂ¶dÃ…Â‘ magatartÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡t, ÃƒÂ©s ÃƒÂ©lmÃƒÂ©nyeiket ÃƒÂ¡tvetÃƒÂ­tik az ÃƒÂ¡gazat tÃƒÂ¶bbi szereplÃ…Â‘jÃƒÂ©re is. A KAM programokkal valÃƒÂ³ elÃƒÂ©gedettsÃƒÂ©g megÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©lÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©nÃƒÂ©l elsÃ…Â‘dleges szempont a szakmai szÃƒÂ­nvonal. A szereplÃ…Â‘k mÃƒÂ¡r tÃƒÂºljutottak azon a ponton, amikor csak az anyagi erÃ…Â‘forrÃƒÂ¡sok nagysÃƒÂ¡gÃƒÂ¡bÃƒÂ³l ÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©lkeznÃƒÂ©nek. FelismertÃƒÂ©k a szakmai ÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kek fontossÃƒÂ¡gÃƒÂ¡t, ÃƒÂ©s egyÃƒÂ©rtelmÃ…Â±en elsÃ…Â‘ helyre soroljÃƒÂ¡k azt az elÃƒÂ©gedettsÃƒÂ©gi szempontok kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶tt. Az ÃƒÂ©lelmiszeripar szereplÃ…Â‘inek nagy rÃƒÂ©sze ÃƒÂ©rzi az ÃƒÂ©rdekÃƒÂ©rvÃƒÂ©nyesÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©s vÃƒÂ¡l-toztatÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡nak szÃƒÂ¼ksÃƒÂ©gessÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©t, hatÃƒÂ©konysÃƒÂ¡gÃƒÂ¡nak nÃƒÂ¶velÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©re tett is mÃƒÂ¡r javaslatot kÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¶nbÃƒÂ¶zÃ…Â‘ fÃƒÂ³rumokon. Ezek a kezdemÃƒÂ©nyezÃƒÂ©sek azonban nagyrÃƒÂ©szt eddig nem valÃƒÂ³sultak meg. - The confidence level of food industry actors is higher than the levels measured in previous decades. Among those questioned, recognition of the need for tighter cooperation can definitely be felt. The opportunity for cooperation is present; the question is how far this confidence level can further cooperation and the sublimation of individual interests, both necessary for joint actions. There is an obvious connection between the willingness to participate in joint programmes and the judgement of othersÃ¢Â€Â™ participation in CAM programmes. Food industry actors participating in joint actions are fairly open with each other, which probably results from the fact that they feel the positive effects of the action and the cooperative behaviour of the other participants, and transfer their experiences to the other actors in the sector. A primary viewpoint when judging satisfaction with the CAM programme is professional standards. Participants have passed the point where they judge solely based on the scale of financial resources. The have recognised the importance of professional values and clearly list this in pole position among satisfaction indicators. The majority of food industry actors feel the necessity of changing the way interests are enforced and have already made recommendations in various fora for increasing its effectiveness. However, most of these initiatives have yet to be realised.</abstract>
  <keywords>tÃƒÂ¡rsadalmi tÃ…Â‘ke, kooperÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³, kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶ssÃƒÂ©gi agrÃƒÂ¡rmarketing, social capital, cooperation, community agricultural marketing, Agribusiness, International Relations/Trade, Marketing,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>2</issue>
   <issuedate>2007</issuedate>
   <volume>51</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/57666</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Toth, Aniko</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:57649</identifier><datestamp>2010-03-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:57649">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>A MINÃ…ÂSÃƒÂ‰G A MAGYAR HÃƒÂšSIPAR VERSENYKÃƒÂ‰PESSÃƒÂ‰GÃƒÂ‰BEN</title>
  <abstract>A tanulmÃƒÂ¡ny elkÃƒÂ©szÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©nek alapjÃƒÂ¡t az engedÃƒÂ©lyezett, illetve a jÃƒÂ³vÃƒÂ¡hagyott ÃƒÂ©s derogÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³s hÃƒÂºsÃƒÂ¼zemek kÃƒÂ¶rÃƒÂ©ben 2005. ÃƒÂ©v vÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©n ÃƒÂ©s 2006. ÃƒÂ©v elejÃƒÂ©n elkÃƒÂ©szÃƒÂ­tett kÃƒÂ©r-dÃ…Â‘ÃƒÂ­ves felmÃƒÂ©rÃƒÂ©s adta. A mÃƒÂ¡rkÃƒÂ¡zott hÃƒÂºsprogramok fÃ…Â‘ problÃƒÂ©mÃƒÂ¡jÃƒÂ¡t leginkÃƒÂ¡bb a mÃƒÂ¡rkÃƒÂ¡zott termÃƒÂ©kek irÃƒÂ¡nti hazai fizetÃ…Â‘kÃƒÂ©pes kereslet hiÃƒÂ¡nyÃƒÂ¡ban lÃƒÂ¡tjÃƒÂ¡k. EttÃ…Â‘l kis mÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kben marad el a programokhoz kapcsolÃƒÂ³dÃƒÂ³ elÃƒÂ©gtelen promÃƒÂ³ciÃƒÂ³, ami kiemeli az ÃƒÂ¶sszefogÃƒÂ¡s, a kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶sen vÃƒÂ©gzett promÃƒÂ³ciÃƒÂ³ szÃƒÂ¼ksÃƒÂ©gessÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©t a versenykÃƒÂ©pessÃƒÂ©g nÃƒÂ¶velÃƒÂ©se ÃƒÂ©rdekÃƒÂ©ben. A multinacionÃƒÂ¡lis lÃƒÂ¡ncok ÃƒÂ¡rleszorÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ³ tÃƒÂ¶rekvÃƒÂ©sei ÃƒÂ©s a nÃƒÂ¶vekvÃ…Â‘ kÃƒÂ¶ltsÃƒÂ©gek hatÃƒÂ¡-sÃƒÂ¡ra kialakult kisebb jÃƒÂ¶vedelemtermelÃ…Â‘ kÃƒÂ©pessÃƒÂ©get a hÃƒÂºsipari cÃƒÂ©gek rÃƒÂ©szben a beruhÃƒÂ¡zÃƒÂ¡sok visszafogÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡val ellensÃƒÂºlyozzÃƒÂ¡k, mÃƒÂ©gpedig azokon a terÃƒÂ¼leteken, me-lyek nem kifejezetten az elÃ…Â‘ÃƒÂ­rÃƒÂ¡soknak (ÃƒÂ©lelmiszer-biztonsÃƒÂ¡gi, kÃƒÂ¶rnyezetvÃƒÂ©delmi) valÃƒÂ³ megfelelÃƒÂ©st szolgÃƒÂ¡ljÃƒÂ¡k. Ilyen pÃƒÂ©ldÃƒÂ¡ul az ÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kesÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©s, ahol az ÃƒÂ¡ltalam felmÃƒÂ©rt ÃƒÂ¼zemeknek csak kis szÃƒÂ¡zalÃƒÂ©ka kÃƒÂ­vÃƒÂ¡n a jÃƒÂ¶vÃ…Â‘ben beruhÃƒÂ¡zni, illetve a korÃƒÂ¡bbi be-ruhÃƒÂ¡zÃƒÂ¡sok sem az ÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kesÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©shez kapcsolÃƒÂ³dtak, holott ez nagyon fontos a ver-senykÃƒÂ©pessÃƒÂ©g javÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡ban. A vÃƒÂ¡gÃƒÂ³hidak egy rÃƒÂ©sze nem a vÃƒÂ¡gÃƒÂ³sertÃƒÂ©s-minÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©s eredmÃƒÂ©nye alapjÃƒÂ¡n fizet a termelÃ…Â‘knek. Ennek mielÃ…Â‘bbi rendezÃƒÂ©se ÃƒÂ©rdekÃƒÂ©ben fontos az ÃƒÂ©rdekvÃƒÂ©delmi szer-vezetek, valamint a termÃƒÂ©ktanÃƒÂ¡cs ÃƒÂ¶sszefogÃƒÂ¡sa. - The basis of the study was a survey of registered, derogated and approved plants producing fresh meat or meat products between the end of 2005 and the beginning of 2006. The main results of the survey can be summarised as follows: Registered plants consider the lack of the solvent domestic demand to be the leading problem of the certified quality assurance schemes for pork (Certified Pork Programmes). Insufficient promotion connected to the schemes, which em-phasize the necessity of co-operation and collective promotion to increase the competitiveness of the sector, comes a close second to the aforementioned prob-lem. Hungarian meat industry companies try to compensate for the effects of mul-tinational retail chainsÃ¢Â€Â™ price reduction aims and for increasing costs by reducing investment, especially in those fields which do not serve the purpose of meeting regulatory requirements (food-safety, environmental protection). Product marketing is an example of such a field, in which only a small proportion of the investigated plants intend to invest in the future. Previous investments were also unrelated to product marketing, although it would be very important to improve the competitive ability of the companies. These tendencies can lead to choice re-duction and a deterioration of product quality. It also emerged from the survey that some of the slaughterhouses do not pay the farmers on the basis of the S/EUROP classification for pork. To settle this problem co-operation between trade associations and the Product Board would be very important.</abstract>
  <keywords>versenykÃƒÂ©pessÃƒÂ©g, specializÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³, promÃƒÂ³ciÃƒÂ³, beruhÃƒÂ¡zÃƒÂ¡s, vÃƒÂ¡gÃƒÂ³sertÃƒÂ©s minÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©s, competitiveness, specialisation, promotion, investment, S/EUROP classification, International Relations/Trade, Livestock Production/Industries,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>1</issue>
   <issuedate>2007</issuedate>
   <volume>51</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/57649</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Nagy-Percsi, Kinga</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:54861</identifier><datestamp>2010-03-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:54861">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>A MEZEI NYÃƒÂšL GAZDÃƒÂLKODÃƒÂS AKTUÃƒÂLIS HELYZETE ÃƒÂ‰S SZÃƒÂœKSÃƒÂ‰GES FEJLESZTÃƒÂ‰SE</title>
  <abstract>HazÃƒÂ¡nk EurÃƒÂ³pai UniÃƒÂ³s csatlakozÃƒÂ¡sa utÃƒÂ¡n vÃƒÂ¡rhatÃƒÂ³, hogy a kedvezÃ…Â‘tlen adott-sÃƒÂ¡gÃƒÂº mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡gilag mÃ…Â±velt terÃƒÂ¼letek jelentÃ…Â‘s rÃƒÂ©sze kikerÃƒÂ¼l a mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi mÃ…Â±velÃƒÂ©sbÃ…Â‘l. Ezek a fÃƒÂ¶ldterÃƒÂ¼letek aprÃƒÂ³vad-gazdÃƒÂ¡lkodÃƒÂ¡s cÃƒÂ©ljaira rendkÃƒÂ­vÃƒÂ¼l jÃƒÂ³l hasznosÃƒÂ­thatÃƒÂ³k. Ezeknek a lÃƒÂ©trehozÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡hoz ki kell dolgozni a megfelelÃ…Â‘ tÃƒÂ¡mogatÃƒÂ¡si rendszert. (Az eddig ismert programok kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶tt a vadgazdÃƒÂ¡lkodÃƒÂ¡s csupÃƒÂ¡n csak szÃƒÂ©ljegyzetkÃƒÂ©nt szerepelt.) A vadgazdÃƒÂ¡lkodÃƒÂ¡si alap ÃƒÂ©lÃ…Â‘hely-fejlesztÃƒÂ©si tÃƒÂ¡mogatÃƒÂ¡sait hosszÃƒÂº tÃƒÂ¡vra cÃƒÂ©lszerÃ…Â± megtervezni. A hatÃƒÂ©konysÃƒÂ¡g mÃƒÂ©rÃƒÂ©se ÃƒÂ©rdekÃƒÂ©ben korszerÃ…Â± lÃƒÂ©tszÃƒÂ¡mbecslÃƒÂ©st ÃƒÂ©s az ezekbÃ…Â‘l szÃƒÂ¡rmaztatott hasznosÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡s-tervezÃƒÂ©st indokolt alkalmazni. A jelenleg folytatott folyamatos hasznosÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡si gyakorlattal szemben az ÃƒÂ¡llo-mÃƒÂ¡ny lÃƒÂ©tszÃƒÂ¡mvÃƒÂ¡ltozÃƒÂ¡sait kÃƒÂ¶vetÃ…Â‘ hasznosÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡s szÃƒÂ¼ksÃƒÂ©ges. Ehhez meg kellene kÃƒÂ¶ve-telni az egysÃƒÂ©ges becslÃƒÂ©si mÃƒÂ³dszerek szerinti adatszolgÃƒÂ¡ltatÃƒÂ¡st. A mezei nyÃƒÂºl hasznosÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡s mennyisÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©nek engedÃƒÂ©lyezÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©t csak az Ã…Â‘szi ÃƒÂ¡llomÃƒÂ¡nybecslÃƒÂ©si adatok kÃƒÂ¶zlÃƒÂ©se utÃƒÂ¡n indokolt vÃƒÂ©glegesÃƒÂ­teni. AjÃƒÂ¡nlatos a gazdÃƒÂ¡lkodÃƒÂ³kat ÃƒÂ¶sztÃƒÂ¶nÃƒÂ¶zni a kutatatÃƒÂ¡si eredmÃƒÂ©nyek ÃƒÂ©s a hasznosÃƒÂ­-tÃƒÂ¡si modellek alkalmazÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡ra. A vadÃƒÂ¡sztÃƒÂ¡rsasÃƒÂ¡goknÃƒÂ¡l a vadÃƒÂ¡szmesteri beosztÃƒÂ¡sban foglalkoztatottak szÃƒÂ¡-mÃƒÂ¡ra kÃƒÂ¶telezÃ…Â‘ vizsgÃƒÂ¡hoz kÃƒÂ¶tÃƒÂ¶tt tovÃƒÂ¡bbkÃƒÂ©pzÃƒÂ©seket indokolt tartani a lÃƒÂ©tszÃƒÂ¡mbecs-lÃƒÂ©si mÃƒÂ³dszerekrÃ…Â‘l ÃƒÂ©s a hasznosÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡si modellekrÃ…Â‘l. SzÃƒÂ¼ksÃƒÂ©ges a januÃƒÂ¡ri befogÃƒÂ¡sok betiltÃƒÂ¡sa, ÃƒÂ©s a decemberi befogÃƒÂ¡sok engedÃƒÂ©ly-hez kÃƒÂ¶tÃƒÂ©se. Ezen felÃƒÂ¼l a gazdÃƒÂ¡lkodÃƒÂ³k havi bontÃƒÂ¡sban adjÃƒÂ¡k meg a hasznosÃƒÂ­tandÃƒÂ³ mennyisÃƒÂ©get, amibÃ…Â‘l a legnagyobb rÃƒÂ©sz oktÃƒÂ³berre essen. Amennyiben a vadgazdÃƒÂ¡lkodÃƒÂ¡si egysÃƒÂ©g teljes terÃƒÂ¼letÃƒÂ©re vonatkoztatott mezei nyÃƒÂºl sÃ…Â±rÃ…Â±sÃƒÂ©g nem ÃƒÂ©ri el tavaszi becslÃƒÂ©snÃƒÂ©l a 0,2 egyed/ha, az Ã…Â‘szi becslÃƒÂ©snÃƒÂ©l pedig a 0,4 egyed/ha sÃ…Â±rÃ…Â±sÃƒÂ©get, akkor a decemberi vadÃƒÂ¡szatot is engedÃƒÂ©lyhez szÃƒÂ¼ksÃƒÂ©ges kÃƒÂ¶tni, vagy meg kell tiltani, hogy ne csÃƒÂ¶kkenjen a tÃƒÂ¶rzsÃƒÂ¡llomÃƒÂ¡ny. Fontos a mezei nyÃƒÂºl populÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³ lÃƒÂ©tszÃƒÂ¡mÃƒÂ¡nak nyomon kÃƒÂ¶vetÃƒÂ©se az OrszÃƒÂ¡gos VadgazdÃƒÂ¡lkodÃƒÂ¡si AdattÃƒÂ¡rban. LÃƒÂ©nyeges az OVA elemzÃ…Â‘, ellenÃ…Â‘rzÃ…Â‘ munkÃƒÂ¡jÃƒÂ¡nak erÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©se is. Fontos a tudatos ragadozÃƒÂ³ gazdÃƒÂ¡lkodÃƒÂ¡s bevezetÃƒÂ©se (Szemethy Ã¢Â€Â“ Heltai, 2000). BecsÃƒÂ¼lni ÃƒÂ©s jelenteni kell a rÃƒÂ³ka ÃƒÂ¡llomÃƒÂ¡ny-sÃ…Â±rÃ…Â±sÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©t (kotorÃƒÂ©k tÃƒÂ©rkÃƒÂ©p kÃƒÂ©szÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©se a terÃƒÂ¼letrÃ…Â‘l minden ÃƒÂ©vben), ÃƒÂ©s ez alapjÃƒÂ¡n meghatÃƒÂ¡rozott szÃƒÂ¡mÃƒÂº egyedet szÃƒÂ¼ksÃƒÂ©ges terÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©kre hozniuk a vadÃƒÂ¡sztÃƒÂ¡rsasÃƒÂ¡goknak. A tularÃƒÂ©mia fertÃ…Â‘zÃƒÂ¶ttsÃƒÂ©get nem kendÃ…Â‘zni, hanem kutatni indokolt. Fontos a felmÃƒÂ©rÃƒÂ©sekkel kapcsolatos adatok hozzÃƒÂ¡fÃƒÂ©rhetÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©ge. A gazdÃƒÂ¡lkodÃƒÂ³k ÃƒÂ¡ltal vÃƒÂ©gzett tularÃƒÂ©mia elÃ…Â‘szÃ…Â±rÃƒÂ©st meg kell szÃƒÂ¼ntetni, de a vadÃƒÂ¡szati hatÃƒÂ³sÃƒÂ¡g szorgalmazza, hogy a nagyterÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©kÃ…Â± elsÃ…Â‘ vadÃƒÂ¡szaton vizsgÃƒÂ¡ljÃƒÂ¡k meg a nyulak fertÃ…Â‘zÃƒÂ¶ttsÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©t. Az elmÃƒÂºlt ÃƒÂ©vtizedben tÃƒÂ¶bb mezei nyÃƒÂºl kutatÃƒÂ¡ssal kapcsolatos projekt is megva-lÃƒÂ³sult az FVM tÃƒÂ¡mogatÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡val. Ezeknek kÃƒÂ¶szÃƒÂ¶nhetÃ…Â‘en alakult ki egy jÃƒÂ³l hasznÃƒÂ¡lha-tÃƒÂ³ ÃƒÂ©s elfogadott becslÃƒÂ©si Ã¢Â€Â“ hasznosÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡si mÃƒÂ³dszer. A tovÃƒÂ¡bbiakban ezek hasznÃƒÂ¡latÃƒÂ¡t ajÃƒÂ¡nlatos elterjeszteni. Az ÃƒÂ©rdekkÃƒÂ©pviseletek bevonÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡val tÃƒÂ¶rekedni kell a gazdÃƒÂ¡l-kodÃƒÂ³i szemlÃƒÂ©let megvÃƒÂ¡ltoztatÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡ra, ÃƒÂ¶sztÃƒÂ¶nÃƒÂ¶zve a gazdÃƒÂ¡lkodÃƒÂ³kat a kutatÃƒÂ¡si prog-ramokhoz valÃƒÂ³ csatlakozÃƒÂ¡sra, ezekben az aktÃƒÂ­v egyÃƒÂ¼ttmÃ…Â±kÃƒÂ¶dÃƒÂ©sre. (Pl. a rÃƒÂ©sztvevÃ…Â‘k elÃ…Â‘nyÃƒÂ¶ket ÃƒÂ©lvezhetnÃƒÂ©nek a kÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¶nbÃƒÂ¶zÃ…Â‘ pÃƒÂ¡lyÃƒÂ¡zati tÃƒÂ¡mogatÃƒÂ¡sok megszerzÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©nÃƒÂ©l.) Az ÃƒÂºj tudomÃƒÂ¡nyos eredmÃƒÂ©nyeket minden szinten indokolt beÃƒÂ©pÃƒÂ­teni a vad-gazdÃƒÂ¡lkodÃƒÂ¡si oktatÃƒÂ¡sba. Ehhez cÃƒÂ©lszerÃ…Â± lenne egy rÃƒÂ¶vid, gyakorlati szemlÃƒÂ©letÃ…Â± oktatÃƒÂ¡si segÃƒÂ©danyagkÃƒÂ©nt hasznÃƒÂ¡lhatÃƒÂ³ kÃƒÂ¶nyv kiadÃƒÂ¡sa. CÃƒÂ©lszerÃ…Â± cÃƒÂ©lzott tovÃƒÂ¡bbkÃƒÂ©pzÃƒÂ©sek szervezÃƒÂ©se nemcsak a gazdÃƒÂ¡lkodÃƒÂ³k, de az oktatÃƒÂ³k, hatÃƒÂ³sÃƒÂ¡gi ÃƒÂ©s ÃƒÂ©rdekkÃƒÂ©pviseleti szakemberek szÃƒÂ¡mÃƒÂ¡ra is. Ezeken tÃƒÂºlmenÃ…Â‘en tovÃƒÂ¡bbi kutatÃƒÂ¡sok szÃƒÂ¼ksÃƒÂ©gesek pl.: az ÃƒÂ©lÃ…Â‘helyi vÃƒÂ¡ltozÃƒÂ¡sok hatÃƒÂ¡sainak elÃ…Â‘rejelzÃƒÂ©se, a mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi tÃƒÂ¡blaszerkezet ÃƒÂ©s technolÃƒÂ³giÃƒÂ¡k vÃƒÂ¡ltozÃƒÂ¡-sÃƒÂ¡nak hatÃƒÂ¡sa, a vÃƒÂ­zellÃƒÂ¡tottsÃƒÂ¡g, a ragadozÃƒÂ³k hatÃƒÂ¡sai ÃƒÂ©s kezelÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ¼k, vadegÃƒÂ©szsÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ¼gyi problÃƒÂ©mÃƒÂ¡k, a gazdÃƒÂ¡lkodÃƒÂ¡s ÃƒÂ¶konÃƒÂ³miai elemzÃƒÂ©se stb. terÃƒÂ¼letÃƒÂ©n. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Following HungaryÃ¢Â€Â™s accession to the EU, probably a significant proportion of agricultural land with unfavourable characteristics will be no longer cultivated. These areas may be exceptionally well utilised for the purposes of small game management. An appropriate support system needs to be developed to establish this. (Game management appeared merely as a marginal note in previous programmes.) It would be expedient to make long-term plans for the provision of funds to support the development of habitat for game management. In the interests of efficient management, modern methods of estimating population numbers should be applied and utilization should be planned accordingly. In contrast to the current practise of continuous utilisation, utilisation based on changing population numbers is required. To facilitate this, there should be a requirement for data based on unified methods of estimation. Approval of brown hare utilisation figures should only be finalised following the estimation of autumn stock. Farmers should be encouraged to use the results of research and utilisation models. Hunting associations are advised to conduct compulsory, examination-based training for those members employed as hunt masters on how to estimate population numbers and how to utilise models. January captures should be forbidden and those taking place in December should be licensed. Furthermore, managers should provide the amounts of utilisation broken down by months with October showing the greatest share of capture. If the density of brown hares across the total game management area falls short of 0.2 head/ha at the spring estimate and short of 0.4 head/ha at the autumn estimate, the December hunt have to be to be licensed to ensure the maintenance of breeding stock. Monitoring the level of brown hare population is essential for the National Game Management Databank (OrszÃƒÂ¡gos VadgazdÃƒÂ¡lkodÃƒÂ¡si AdattÃƒÂ¡r; OVA). The strengthening of OVAÃ¢Â€Â™s function for analysis and control is essential. The introduction of deliberate predatory game management is important (Sze-methy ÃƒÂ©s Heltai 2000). The density of fox stock should be estimated and reported (maps of fox burrows in game areas should be prepared annually) and based on this information hunting associations should shoot them in predetermined numbers. Tularaemia infections should be researched and not covered up. All survey data should be freely accessible. Pre-screening for tularaemia by the managers must be stopped, but following the opening hunt of a season hunting authorities should urge the examination of shot hares for infection. A number of projects linked to brown hare research have been implemented in the past decade with support from the Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Development (FVM). Thanks to these projects, a user-friendly and accepted estimation-utilisation method has developed. In future, its use should be disseminated. Efforts must be made, through involving farmersÃ¢Â€Â™ trade associations, to influence their opinions and motivate them to take part and actively cooperate in research programmes. (For example, participation could be deemed an advantage when assessing applications for various supports.) The mainstreaming of new scientific accomplishments into game management education is justified at all levels. It would be useful to accompany this with the publication of a short, practical guidebook for use as an educational tool. Targeted further education and training would be useful not only for farmers, but also for teachers and professionals from the authorities and trade associations. Beyond this, however, further research is necessary, on subjects such as: projecting the effects of habitat change; the impact of changes in agricultural plots and technologies; the provision of water; the impact of predators and their management; problems in game health; an economic analysis of farming.</abstract>
  <keywords>vadÃƒÂ¡sztÃƒÂ¡rsasÃƒÂ¡gok feladat, MgyarorszÃƒÂ¡g, tasks of hunting associations, Hungary, Agribusiness, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Livestock Production/Industries,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>13</issue>
   <issuedate>2005</issuedate>
   <volume>49</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/54861</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Kelemen, Jozsef</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Szemethy, Laszlo</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Biro, Zsolt</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:57668</identifier><datestamp>2010-03-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:57668">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>AZ ÃƒÂ‰LÃ…Â BÃƒÂRÃƒÂNY KIVITEL A MAGYARORSZÃƒÂGI JUHÃƒÂGAZAT TELJESÃƒÂTMÃƒÂ‰NYÃƒÂ‰BEN</title>
  <abstract>Az EurÃƒÂ³pai UniÃƒÂ³ bÃƒÂ¡rÃƒÂ¡nybÃƒÂ³l, illetve gidÃƒÂ¡bÃƒÂ³l tartÃƒÂ³san behozatalra szorul. A magyar juhhÃƒÂºsexport tÃƒÂ¶bb mint 90%-a az olasz, a maradÃƒÂ©k dÃƒÂ¶ntÃ…Â‘ rÃƒÂ©sze pedig gÃƒÂ¶rÃƒÂ¶g piacra irÃƒÂ¡nyul. A juhÃƒÂ¡gazat ÃƒÂ¡rbevÃƒÂ©telÃƒÂ©nek Ã¢Â€Â“ 2-13 milliÃƒÂ¡rd Ft Ã¢Â€Â“ tÃƒÂ¶bb mint 90%-a a bÃƒÂ¡rÃƒÂ¡nykereskedelembÃ…Â‘l szÃƒÂ¡rmazik. A magyarorszÃƒÂ¡gi bÃƒÂ¡rÃƒÂ¡nyexportban a vizsgÃƒÂ¡lt idÃ…Â‘szakban csÃƒÂ¶kkent a darabszÃƒÂ¡m ÃƒÂ©s kis mÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kben nÃ…Â‘tt az ÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kesÃƒÂ­tett mennyisÃƒÂ©g. Az ÃƒÂ¡tlagsÃƒÂºly alig vÃƒÂ¡ltozott. Az ÃƒÂ¡rak 2005-re 1998-hoz viszonyÃƒÂ­tva 89,5%-kal emelkedtek. Az alsÃƒÂ³bb sÃƒÂºlycsoportokban az ÃƒÂ¡rak kiegyensÃƒÂºlyozottak, 30 kg felett nagyobb az ÃƒÂ¡ringadozÃƒÂ¡s, ÃƒÂ­gy nÃƒÂ¶vekszik az ÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kesÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©s kockÃƒÂ¡zata. A vizsgÃƒÂ¡lt idÃ…Â‘szakban az egy anyÃƒÂ¡ra jutÃƒÂ³ ÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kesÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©si sÃƒÂºly kis mÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kben csÃƒÂ¶kkent, az export szerÃƒÂ©ny mÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kÃ…Â± emelkedÃƒÂ©se a nÃƒÂ¶vekvÃ…Â‘ anyalÃƒÂ©tszÃƒÂ¡mnak kÃƒÂ¶szÃƒÂ¶nhetÃ…Â‘, romlÃƒÂ³ fajlagos mutatÃƒÂ³k mellett. A legmagasabb ÃƒÂ¡rat ÃƒÂ¡ltalÃƒÂ¡ban karÃƒÂ¡csonykor, a legalacsonyabbat mÃƒÂ¡jusban ÃƒÂ©rik el. A hÃƒÂºsvÃƒÂ©ti idÃ…Â‘szak ÃƒÂ¡rai ingadoznak leginkÃƒÂ¡bb, hiszen ebben az idÃ…Â‘szakban legnagyobb a kÃƒÂ­nÃƒÂ¡lati piac. A bÃƒÂ¡rÃƒÂ¡nykereskedelem liberalizÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³ja a hazai exportban lÃƒÂ©nyegi vÃƒÂ¡ltozÃƒÂ¡st nem eredmÃƒÂ©nyezett. - The EU has a long-term need for the import of lambs and kids. More than 90% of HungaryÃ¢Â€Â™s exported sheep meat is for the Italian market, while most of the remainder goes to the Greek market. Over 90% of the sheep sectorÃ¢Â€Â™s return from sales Ã¢Â€Â“ 2-13 billion Ft Ã¢Â€Â“ comes from the lamb trade. The number of pieces of Hungarian lamb exported fell in the period examined, whilst the amount sold increased slightly. The average weight hardly changed. By 2005 prices had increased by 89.5% in comparison to 1998. Prices are steady in the lower weight categories with greater price fluctuations above 30 kg, increasing sales risk. During the period examined, the sales weight per one dam fell slightly, the modest rise in exports being due to increased numbers of dams coupled with deteriorating specific indicators. The highest prices are achieved at Christmas, the lowest in May. Prices fluctuate the most during the Easter period when supply is at its peak. Liberalisation of the lamb trade has not produced any fundamental change in domestic export, although the moderation of price rises may be an indirect effect.</abstract>
  <keywords>juhÃƒÂ¡gazat, bÃƒÂ¡rÃƒÂ¡nykereskedelem, ÃƒÂ¡tlagsÃƒÂºly, ÃƒÂ¡ringadozÃƒÂ¡s, termelÃƒÂ©si szerkezet, sheep sector, lamb trade, average weight, price fluctuation, production structure, International Relations/Trade, Livestock Production/Industries,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>2</issue>
   <issuedate>2007</issuedate>
   <volume>51</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/57668</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Fenyves, Veronika</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Ertsey, Imre</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:54317</identifier><datestamp>2010-03-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:54317">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>MAGYARORSZÃƒÂGI ZÃƒÂ–LDSÃƒÂ‰GTERMELÃ…Â KISGAZDASÃƒÂGOK VIZSGÃƒÂLATA</title>
  <abstract>A magyar zÃƒÂ¶ldsÃƒÂ©g- ÃƒÂ©s gyÃƒÂ¼mÃƒÂ¶lcstermelÃƒÂ©s lehetÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©gei jÃƒÂ³val nagyobbak, mint amit a jelenlegi termelÃƒÂ©si szÃƒÂ­nvonal mutat. Az orszÃƒÂ¡g kedvezÃ…Â‘ adottsÃƒÂ¡gai, ÃƒÂ©s a vi-dÃƒÂ©ki munkaerÃ…Â‘ hatÃƒÂ©kony foglalkoztatÃƒÂ¡sa egyarÃƒÂ¡nt azt indokolja, hogy a terme-lÃƒÂ©sszerkezeten belÃƒÂ¼l a munka-intenzÃƒÂ­v ÃƒÂ¡gazatok fejlesztÃƒÂ©se indokolt. Az egyik leg-fontosabb feladat a hazai piac vÃƒÂ©delme, amit adminisztratÃƒÂ­v eszkÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶k helyett a szÃƒÂ¼ksÃƒÂ©ges ÃƒÂ¡rualap biztonsÃƒÂ¡gos megtermelÃƒÂ©se rÃƒÂ©vÃƒÂ©n lehet biztosÃƒÂ­tani, amihez nÃƒÂ¶-velni kell a hozamokat, illetve a termÃƒÂ©kminÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©get. A megfelelÃ…Â‘ minÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©gÃ…Â±, piac-kÃƒÂ©pes ÃƒÂ¡rÃƒÂº elÃ…Â‘ÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡hoz jelenleg mÃƒÂ©g gyenge szÃƒÂ­nvonalÃƒÂº (bÃƒÂ¡r folyamatosan javul) az ÃƒÂ¡ruvÃƒÂ¡ kÃƒÂ©szÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©s (post harvest) folyamata. Ehhez elsÃ…Â‘sorban a megfelelÃ…Â‘ infrast-ruktÃƒÂºra kialakÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sa szÃƒÂ¼ksÃƒÂ©ges. Az ÃƒÂ¡gazatban mÃ…Â±kÃƒÂ¶dÃ…Â‘ nagyszÃƒÂ¡mÃƒÂº csalÃƒÂ¡di gazda-sÃƒÂ¡g hatÃƒÂ©kony termesztÃ…Â‘-tevÃƒÂ©kenysÃƒÂ©ge igÃƒÂ©nyli a korszerÃ…Â± oktatÃƒÂ¡si, kutatÃƒÂ¡si, szak-tanÃƒÂ¡csadÃƒÂ¡si szolgÃƒÂ¡ltatÃƒÂ¡sok fejlesztÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©t ÃƒÂ©s kÃƒÂ¶nnyebb elÃƒÂ©rhetÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©t. A szÃƒÂ¼ksÃƒÂ©ges fejlesztÃƒÂ©sek megvalÃƒÂ³sÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡hoz, az ÃƒÂ¡gazat versenykÃƒÂ©pessÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©nek nÃƒÂ¶velÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©hez a 2000-es ÃƒÂ©vekben megindult strukturÃƒÂ¡lis ÃƒÂ¡trendezÃ…Â‘dÃƒÂ©s folytatÃƒÂ¡sa, a termelÃ…Â‘k tovÃƒÂ¡bbi integrÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³ja szÃƒÂ¼ksÃƒÂ©ges. A korÃƒÂ¡bban legnagyobb gondot okozÃƒÂ³ bizalmatlansÃƒÂ¡g megszÃ…Â±nÃ…Â‘ben van, sÃ…Â‘t a tÃƒÂ¡mogatÃƒÂ¡sok hatÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡ra a szÃƒÂ¼ksÃƒÂ©gesnÃƒÂ©l is tÃƒÂ¶bb TÃƒÂ‰SZ alakult, amelyek lÃƒÂ©tjogosultsÃƒÂ¡ga megkÃƒÂ©rdÃ…Â‘jelezhetÃ…Â‘. TovÃƒÂ¡bbi ÃƒÂºj szervezetek lÃƒÂ©trehozÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡ra nincs szÃƒÂ¼ksÃƒÂ©g, inkÃƒÂ¡bb mÃƒÂ©retÃƒÂ¼k ÃƒÂ©s ÃƒÂ¡rualapjuk nÃƒÂ¶velÃƒÂ©-sÃƒÂ©re, akÃƒÂ¡r ÃƒÂºj tagok felvÃƒÂ©telÃƒÂ©vel, akÃƒÂ¡r a meglÃƒÂ©vÃ…Â‘k termelÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©nek bÃ…Â‘vÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©vel. A kÃƒÂ­-nÃƒÂ¡lat tovÃƒÂ¡bbi koncentrÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ¡sa ÃƒÂ©rdekÃƒÂ©ben szÃƒÂ¼ksÃƒÂ©ges a meglÃƒÂ©vÃ…Â‘ szervezetek egyÃƒÂ¼tt-mÃ…Â±kÃƒÂ¶dÃƒÂ©se, formÃƒÂ¡lis vagy informÃƒÂ¡lis mÃƒÂ³don. Erre kÃƒÂ¶vetendÃ…Â‘ pÃƒÂ©lda a DÃƒÂ©l-AlfÃƒÂ¶ldÃƒÂ¶n megalakult kÃƒÂ©t szekunder szervezet, a szentesi kÃƒÂ¶zpontÃƒÂº AlfÃƒÂ¶ldi Regio-nÃƒÂ¡lis EgyesÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ©s, illetve a mÃƒÂ³rahalmi kÃƒÂ¶zpontÃƒÂº DÃƒÂ©l-AlfÃƒÂ¶ldi TermelÃ…Â‘i ÃƒÂ‰rtÃƒÂ©kesÃƒÂ­tÃ…Â‘ Szervezetek Kereskedelmi ÃƒÂ©s SzolgÃƒÂ¡ltatÃƒÂ³ RÃƒÂ©szvÃƒÂ©nytÃƒÂ¡rsasÃƒÂ¡g. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX The opportunities for Hungarian vegetable and fruit production are much greater than the current production standards suggest. The countryÃ¢Â€Â™s favourable endowments and the efficient employment of the rural labour force both justify the development of the labour-intensive sectors of the production structure. One of the most important tasks is the protection of the home market, which can be assured via the reliable cultivation of the necessary commodity supply, rather than through administrative measures, and to which end both yield and produce quality must be improved. The standard of postharvest processing is currently too low (although it is continuously improving), to produce adequate quality, marketable goods. The development of a suitable infrastructure is the primary requirement for this. The large number of family farms operating in this sector requires the development of and easier access to modern educational, research and expert advisory services, for effective production activity. The implementation of the necessary developments requires a continuation of the structural reorganisation begun in the 2000Ã¢Â€Â™s to increase the sectorÃ¢Â€Â™s competitiveness and the further integration of producers. The earlier mistrust, which caused the greatest problems, is in abeyance; in fact, in response to the support on offer, unnecessary numbers of producer organisations (TÃƒÂ‰SZ) were formed, whose grounds for existence is questionable. There is no need for the creation of further new organisations, rather their size and commodity supply needs to be increased, either through the admission of new members or the expansion of existing membersÃ¢Â€Â™ production. In the interests of further concentrating supply, the cooperation of existing members is necessary, either formally or informally. Exemplary models for this are the two secondary organisations formed in the Southern Lowlands: the Lowland Regional Association, based in Szentes; and the Southern Lowland ProducersÃ¢Â€Â™ Marketing Organisations Commercial and Service PLC, based in MÃƒÂ³rahalom.</abstract>
  <keywords>szÃƒÂ¼ksÃƒÂ©ges ÃƒÂ¡rualap, kedvezÃ…Â‘ adottsÃƒÂ¡gok, termelÃ…Â‘i szervezetek - stock fund demand, prosperous circumstances, Crop Production/Industries, Farm Management, Institutional and Behavioral Economics, Production Economics,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>4</issue>
   <issuedate>2005</issuedate>
   <volume>49</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/54317</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Horvath, Zoltan</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:57684</identifier><datestamp>2010-03-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:57684">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>VERSENYKÃƒÂ‰PES ÃƒÂ‰LELMISZERGAZDASÃƒÂG Ã¢Â€Â“ ÃƒÂ‰LHETÃ…Â VIDÃƒÂ‰K (NÃƒÂ©gy tÃƒÂ©zis egy lehetsÃƒÂ©ges fejlesztÃƒÂ©si politika kÃƒÂ¶rvonalainak meghatÃƒÂ¡rozÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡hoz)</title>
  <abstract>A 20. szÃƒÂ¡zad vÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©re globÃƒÂ¡lis termelÃƒÂ©si ÃƒÂ©s kereskedelmi rendszerek alakultak ki az ÃƒÂ©lelmiszergazdasÃƒÂ¡gban. Ezek alapvetÃ…Â‘ jellemzÃ…Â‘je, hogy a korÃƒÂ¡bban ÃƒÂ¡ltalÃƒÂ¡-nosan alkalmazott piacvÃƒÂ©delmi rendszerek lebomlÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡val pÃƒÂ¡rhuzamosan egyre inkÃƒÂ¡bb a termÃƒÂ©kek ÃƒÂ¡ra ÃƒÂ©s minÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©ge vÃƒÂ¡lik meghatÃƒÂ¡rozÃƒÂ³vÃƒÂ¡. Az EurÃƒÂ³pai UniÃƒÂ³ napjainkban mÃƒÂ©g kÃƒÂ©pes ugyan ideig-ÃƒÂ³rÃƒÂ¡ig fenntartani a Ã¢Â€ÂžbelsÃ…Â‘Ã¢Â€Â piacok vÃƒÂ©delmÃƒÂ©t, ez azonban valÃƒÂ³szÃƒÂ­nÃ…Â±leg nem sokÃƒÂ¡ig marad ÃƒÂ­gy. A 2007-13 idÃ…Â‘szakban olyan agrÃƒÂ¡rgazdasÃƒÂ¡g kialakÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡ra indokolt tÃƒÂ¶rekedni, mely magÃƒÂ¡ban hordozza a hosszÃƒÂº tÃƒÂ¡vÃƒÂº, a mindinkÃƒÂ¡bb liberalizÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ³dÃƒÂ³ ÃƒÂ©s globalizÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ³dÃƒÂ³ vilÃƒÂ¡ggazdasÃƒÂ¡g feltÃƒÂ©telrendszerei kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶tt is fenntarthatÃƒÂ³ fejlÃ…Â‘dÃƒÂ©s lehetÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©t. (1) Ennek ÃƒÂ©rdekÃƒÂ©ben a magyar agro-ÃƒÂ¶kolÃƒÂ³giai adottsÃƒÂ¡gokat messzemenÃ…Â‘en figyelembe vevÃ…Â‘, a precÃƒÂ­ziÃƒÂ³s mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡g eszkÃƒÂ¶zeit sokoldalÃƒÂºan alkalmazÃƒÂ³ tÃƒÂ©rszerkezet ÃƒÂ©s tÃƒÂ©rbeli munkamegosztÃƒÂ¡s kialakÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡ra van szÃƒÂ¼ksÃƒÂ©g. Ezeket figyelembe vÃƒÂ©ve kell felhasznÃƒÂ¡lni a logisztikai rendszerek fejlesztÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©re rendelkezÃƒÂ©sre ÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ³ erÃ…Â‘forrÃƒÂ¡sokat is. (2) A vidÃƒÂ©ki nÃƒÂ©pessÃƒÂ©g megtartÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡ban, a tÃƒÂ¡jban levÃ…Â‘ lehetÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©gek kiaknÃƒÂ¡zÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡ban kiemelkedÃ…Â‘ jelentÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©ge lehet a kis ÃƒÂ©s kÃƒÂ¶zepes mÃƒÂ©retÃ…Â± ÃƒÂ©lelmiszeripari ÃƒÂ¼zemeknek. Ezek kialakÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡ban a rendszerszemlÃƒÂ©let kÃƒÂ¶vetkezetes alkalmazÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡ra ÃƒÂ©pÃƒÂ¼lÃ…Â‘, a termÃƒÂ©kpÃƒÂ¡lya minÃƒÂ©l nagyobb rÃƒÂ©szÃƒÂ©t magÃƒÂ¡ban foglalÃƒÂ³ szÃƒÂ¶vetkezeteknek a jelenleginÃƒÂ©l nagyobb szerepet cÃƒÂ©lszerÃ…Â± kapniuk. CsÃƒÂ¶kkenteni kell azon esetek szÃƒÂ¡mÃƒÂ¡t, amikor a tÃƒÂ¡mogatÃƒÂ¡sok pusztÃƒÂ¡n a nyersanyag elÃ…Â‘-ÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡nak lehetÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©t teremtik meg. (3) A nagymÃƒÂ©retÃ…Â± kiskereskedelmi rendsze-rek tÃƒÂ©rhÃƒÂ³dÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡val pÃƒÂ¡rhuzamosan fokozÃƒÂ³dik ezek nyomÃƒÂ¡sa a beszÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ³k felÃƒÂ©. A kÃƒÂ©sedelmes fizetÃƒÂ©sek, a minden alapot nÃƒÂ©lkÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¶zÃ…Â‘ egyÃƒÂ©b fizetÃƒÂ©si kÃƒÂ¶telezettsÃƒÂ©gek kikÃƒÂ¶tÃƒÂ©se kÃƒÂ¶zgazdasÃƒÂ¡gi lÃƒÂ©nyegÃƒÂ©t tekintve eszkÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¡tadÃƒÂ¡st jelent, mely azonban a jelenlegi informÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³s rendszerekben ÃƒÂ©s adÃƒÂ³jogszabÃƒÂ¡lyokban nem tÃƒÂ¼krÃƒÂ¶zÃ…Â‘dik. Az ilyen esetek rendszeres nyilvÃƒÂ¡ntartÃƒÂ¡sa ÃƒÂ©s az erre alapozott adÃƒÂ³ztatÃƒÂ¡s komplex rendszerÃƒÂ©nek kidolgozÃƒÂ¡sa alapvetÃ…Â‘ fontossÃƒÂ¡gÃƒÂº feladat a vertikum egÃƒÂ©szÃƒÂ©re jellemzÃ…Â‘ egyensÃƒÂºlytalansÃƒÂ¡gok csÃƒÂ¶kkentÃƒÂ©se ÃƒÂ©rdekÃƒÂ©ben. (4) A magyar agrÃƒÂ¡rium versenykÃƒÂ©pessÃƒÂ©ge alapvetÃ…Â‘en belfÃƒÂ¶ldÃƒÂ¶n dÃ…Â‘l el. Ennek ÃƒÂ©rdekÃƒÂ©ben vissza kell adni a magyar fogyasztÃƒÂ³ hazai termÃƒÂ©kekbe vetett bizalmÃƒÂ¡t. Ez a jelenlegi ÃƒÂ©lelmiszer-biztonsÃƒÂ¡gi rendszer radikÃƒÂ¡lis ÃƒÂ¡talakÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡t kÃƒÂ¶veteli meg. - By the end of the 20th century, global systems of production and commerce had developed in the agrobusiness. The fundamental characteristic of these is that parallel to the disintegration of earlier market protection systems generally in use, the price and quality of products increasingly becomes determinant. While the EU is presently still capable of maintaining Ã¢Â€ÂœinternalÃ¢Â€Â market protection for a short time, this is unlikely to be the case for long. In the period 2007-13, the type of agrobusiness whose development is indicated, is one which contains within itself the potential for long-term sustainable development, even within the increasingly liberalised and globalised world economyÃ¢Â€Â™s system of conditions. (1) To further this requires the development of a configuration and spatial division of labour that comprehensively utilises the precise tools of agriculture and takes into account Hungarian agro-ecological assets. The resources available for the development of logistical systems should also be utilised taking these into account. (2) Small and medium-sized food industry businesses could have an outstanding significance in making the most of an areaÃ¢Â€Â™s inherent possibilities and in retaining countryside population. It is advisable in their development, to give the associations that build on the consistent utilisation of system elements and which comprise an increasingly large part of the production field, a much greater role than they currently have. The number of cases where subsidies simply create the opportunity for raw material production must be reduced. (3) The expansion of large-scale small business systems is concurrently putting increased pressure on suppliers. In economic terms, late payments and the stipulation of other, quite baseless, payment obligations constitute a transfer of resources, which is not, however, reflected in the current information systems or in tax legislation. In the interests of reducing the imbalance, characteristic of the whole verticum, the regular recording of such cases and the development of a complex taxation system based on this is a task of fundamental importance. (4) The competitiveness of the Hungarian agricultural sector is basically domestically determined. In the interests of this, the Hungarian consumerÃ¢Â€Â™s trust in domestic produce needs to be restored. This requires a radical transformation of the current food security system.</abstract>
  <keywords>optimÃƒÂ¡lis erÃ…Â‘forrÃƒÂ¡s-hasznosÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡s, hozzÃƒÂ¡adott ÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©k nÃƒÂ¶velÃƒÂ©se, kereskedelmi erÃ…Â‘fÃƒÂ¶lÃƒÂ©ny, ÃƒÂ©lelmiszerbiztonsÃƒÂ¡g, optimum resource utilisation, increased value-added content, regulation of commercial superiority, food security system, Agribusiness, Community/Rural/Urban Development,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>4</issue>
   <issuedate>2007</issuedate>
   <volume>51</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/57684</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Lakner, Zoltan</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Hajdu-Balogh, Dalma</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Kajari, Karolina</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Kasza, Gyula</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Markusz, Peter</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Vizvari, Bela</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:57737</identifier><datestamp>2010-03-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:57737">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>Az ÃƒÂ¡llati eredetÃ…Â± ÃƒÂ¶kotermÃƒÂ©kek fogyasztÃƒÂ³i magatartÃƒÂ¡sa a vÃƒÂ¡rosokban</title>
  <abstract>Budapesten ÃƒÂ©s GyÃ…Â‘rben vÃƒÂ©gzett, nÃƒÂ©gyszÃƒÂ¡z fÃ…Â‘s megkÃƒÂ©rdezÃƒÂ©sen alapulÃƒÂ³ ÃƒÂ¶konometriai ÃƒÂ©s hagyomÃƒÂ¡nyos statisztikai feldolgozÃƒÂ¡sbÃƒÂ³l szÃƒÂ¡rmazÃƒÂ³ adatok alapjÃƒÂ¡n megÃƒÂ¡llapÃƒÂ­thatÃƒÂ³, hogy az ÃƒÂ¶kolÃƒÂ³giai gazdÃƒÂ¡lkodÃƒÂ¡sbÃƒÂ³l szÃƒÂ¡rmazÃƒÂ³ termÃƒÂ©kek irÃƒÂ¡nti vÃƒÂ¡rosi fogyasztÃƒÂ³i igÃƒÂ©nyt a fÃƒÂ¶ldrajzi hely, a megkÃƒÂ©rdezettek neme, az iskolai vÃƒÂ©gzettsÃƒÂ©g ÃƒÂ©s a jÃƒÂ¶vedelmi helyzet befolyÃƒÂ¡solta. Az ÃƒÂ¶kotermÃƒÂ©k-fogyasztÃƒÂ¡s elÃ…Â‘segÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©se ÃƒÂ©s ÃƒÂ¶sztÃƒÂ¶nzÃƒÂ©se, az ÃƒÂ¡llandÃƒÂ³ ÃƒÂ©s alkalmi fogyasztÃƒÂ³k bÃƒÂ¡zisÃƒÂ¡nak erÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©se, a potenciÃƒÂ¡lis vÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡rlÃƒÂ³k megnyerÃƒÂ©se ÃƒÂ©rdekÃƒÂ©ben olyan cÃƒÂ©lirÃƒÂ¡nyos ismeretterjesztÃ…Â‘ marketingprogramok megvalÃƒÂ³sÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sa javasolhatÃƒÂ³, amelyek szÃƒÂ©les kÃƒÂ¶rben ismerttÃƒÂ© teszik az ÃƒÂ¶kotermÃƒÂ©kek tulajdonsÃƒÂ¡gait, megbÃƒÂ­zhatÃƒÂ³sÃƒÂ¡gÃƒÂ¡t ÃƒÂ©s minÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©t. - Data derived from the processing of econometric and traditional statistics based on questions put to 400 people in Budapest and GyÃ…Â‘r, shows that urban consumer demand for produce from organic farms is influenced by geographical location, gender, educational qualifications and income. In the interests of encouraging organic produce consumption, strengthening the base of regular and occasional consumers, and winning over potential new customers, we recommend implemengazdÃƒÂ¡lkodÃƒÂ¡s tation of a targeted, awareness-raising marketing programme that informs a wide circle of the characteristics, trustworthiness and quality of organic produce.</abstract>
  <keywords>ÃƒÂ¶kotermÃƒÂ©k, fogyasztÃƒÂ³i szokÃƒÂ¡sok, fizetÃƒÂ©si hajlandÃƒÂ³sÃƒÂ¡g, fogyasztÃƒÂ³i felÃƒÂ¡r, organic produce, consumer habits, willingness to pay, consumer premium, Consumer/Household Economics, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>2</issue>
   <issuedate>2008</issuedate>
   <volume>52</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/57737</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Foldes, Fruzsina</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Dome, Botond</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:57658</identifier><datestamp>2010-03-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:57658">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>AZ EURÃƒÂ“PAI AGRÃƒÂRPOLITIKA ESZMÃƒÂ‰NYEI ÃƒÂ‰S REALITÃƒÂSAI</title>
  <abstract>A mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡gra, s ÃƒÂ¡ltalÃƒÂ¡ban az ÃƒÂ©lelemtermelÃƒÂ©sre is egyre ÃƒÂ©lesedÃ…Â‘, globali-zÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ³dÃƒÂ³ verseny vÃƒÂ¡r. Ez magyarÃƒÂ¡zza, hogy az eurÃƒÂ³pai agrÃƒÂ¡rpolitika eszmÃƒÂ©nyei ÃƒÂ©s realitÃƒÂ¡sai mindinkÃƒÂ¡bb konfliktusba kerÃƒÂ¼lnek, ÃƒÂ©s ez az oka a KAP ÃƒÂ¡llandÃƒÂ³ re-formjainak, ezzel fÃƒÂ¼ggenek ÃƒÂ¶ssze a verseny torzÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sai, valamint a KAP kÃƒÂ¶vetke-zetlensÃƒÂ©gei is. A magyar helyzetet, s a fejlÃ…Â‘dÃƒÂ©si lehetÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©geket is Ã¢Â€Â“ ezeken tÃƒÂºlme-nÃ…Â‘en Ã¢Â€Â“ az ÃƒÂ¶rÃƒÂ¶kÃƒÂ¶lt versenyhÃƒÂ¡trÃƒÂ¡nyok ÃƒÂ©s a felemÃƒÂ¡s csatlakozÃƒÂ¡si felkÃƒÂ©szÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ©s miatti ÃƒÂºj kihÃƒÂ­vÃƒÂ¡sok is befolyÃƒÂ¡soljÃƒÂ¡k. A versenyben valÃƒÂ³ leszakadÃƒÂ¡s megelÃ…Â‘zÃƒÂ©se szem-pontjÃƒÂ¡bÃƒÂ³l fontos ÃƒÂ©v 2007, amikor is ÃƒÂ¡t kell alakÃƒÂ­tani a nemzeti tÃƒÂ¡mogatÃƒÂ¡si rend-szert; a nemzeti kiegÃƒÂ©szÃƒÂ­tÃ…Â‘ tÃƒÂ¡mogatÃƒÂ¡sok (top up) rendszerÃƒÂ©t; illetve elÃ…Â‘ kell kÃƒÂ©szÃƒÂ­-teni az uniÃƒÂ³s kÃƒÂ¶zvetlen tÃƒÂ¡mogatÃƒÂ¡si rendszer, az ÃƒÂºn. SAPS rendszer ÃƒÂ¡talakÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡t. A felzÃƒÂ¡rkÃƒÂ³zÃƒÂ¡s, a piacok ÃƒÂ©s a munkahelyek megtartÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡nak esÃƒÂ©lye megalapozhatÃƒÂ³ a mintegy 1400 Mrd Ft-ot kitevÃ…Â‘ vidÃƒÂ©kfejlesztÃƒÂ©si forrÃƒÂ¡sok ÃƒÂ©sszerÃ…Â± elkÃƒÂ¶ltÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©vel. - Increasingly fierce, globalised competition awaits agriculture and food production in general. This explains the fact that the ideals and realities of European agricultural policy are increasingly in conflict with each other and is the cause of the continuous CAP reforms, as well as being related to distortions in competition and inconsistencies in the CAP. Beyond all this, the Hungarian situation and its development potential are influenced by the new challenges of inherited competitive disadvantages and the uneven preparations for Accession. 2007 is an important year in terms of preventing a competitive collapse, as it is when the national subsidy system, including the system of national top-up subsidies, is to be transformed, and when preparations must be made for transforming the EUÃ¢Â€Â™s direct subsidy system, the so-called SAPS system. The foundation for possibly bridging the gap and retaining markets and jobs can be laid via the sensible expenditure of the roughly 1,400 billion forints of regional development resources.</abstract>
  <keywords>KÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶s AgrÃƒÂ¡rpolitika, SPS, vidÃƒÂ©kfejlesztÃƒÂ©s, szÃƒÂ­v ÃƒÂ©s ÃƒÂ©sz konfliktusa, Common Agricultural Policy, SPS, regional development, conflict of hearts and minds, Agricultural and Food Policy, Public Economics,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>2</issue>
   <issuedate>2007</issuedate>
   <volume>51</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/57658</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Udovecz, Gabor</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:58898</identifier><datestamp>2010-03-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:58898">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>Korszakok ÃƒÂ©s korszakvÃƒÂ¡ltÃƒÂ³k a hazai agrÃƒÂ¡rvilÃƒÂ¡gban</title>
  <abstract>Az emlÃƒÂ©kkonferencia bevezetÃ…Â‘ elÃ…Â‘adÃƒÂ¡sa a kÃƒÂ¶zelmÃƒÂºlt ÃƒÂ©vtizedek szakaszaival ÃƒÂ©s szereplÃ…Â‘ivel foglalkozva megÃƒÂ¡llapÃƒÂ­tja, hogy a 60-as ÃƒÂ©vek derekÃƒÂ¡n az agrÃƒÂ¡rszfÃƒÂ©rÃƒÂ¡ban megkezdett ÃƒÂºj gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi mechanizmus bevÃƒÂ¡ltotta a hozzÃƒÂ¡ fÃ…Â±zÃƒÂ¶tt remÃƒÂ©nyeket, amit a FAO akkori fÃ…Â‘igazgatÃƒÂ³ja, Eduard Saouma kÃƒÂ¶vetÃƒÂ©sre mÃƒÂ©ltÃƒÂ³nak tartott a vilÃƒÂ¡g sok orszÃƒÂ¡ga szÃƒÂ¡mÃƒÂ¡ra. A korszak hazai kÃƒÂ¶zremÃ…Â±kÃƒÂ¶dÃ…Â‘i tanultak mÃƒÂ¡soktÃƒÂ³l, sajÃƒÂ¡t hibÃƒÂ¡ikbÃƒÂ³l, integrÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³kat szerveztek, felismertÃƒÂ©k, hogy az ÃƒÂ©lelmiszer a magyarorszÃƒÂ¡gi kÃ…Â‘olaj. A kÃƒÂ¶zelmÃƒÂºlt ÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kelÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©t tiszteletbÃ…Â‘l ÃƒÂ©s a jÃƒÂ¶vÃ…Â‘ irÃƒÂ¡nti felelÃ…Â‘ssÃƒÂ©gbÃ…Â‘l szÃƒÂ¼ksÃƒÂ©ges elvÃƒÂ©gezni, megemlÃƒÂ©kezve a szemÃƒÂ©lyekrÃ…Â‘l is. ----------------- The opening address of a memorial conference dealing with periods of recent decades and their personalities states that the new mechanism introduced in the agricultural sector in the late 60Ã¢Â€Â™s fulfi lled all its expectations. This was acknowledged by the then director of FAO, Eduard Saouma, commenting that it was an example that would be worth following in many countries of the world. Contributors to that age learned from others, from their own mistakes, organised integrations and recognised that food is HungaryÃ¢Â€Â™s oil resource. The governments of recent past should be evaluated out of respect and responsibility for future, remembering also personalities.</abstract>
  <keywords>korszakok, korszakvÃƒÂ¡ltÃƒÂ¡sok, ÃƒÂºj gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi mechanizmus, szervezeti jellegzetessÃƒÂ©gek, jÃƒÂ¶vÃ…Â‘ irÃƒÂ¡nti felelÃ…Â‘ssÃƒÂ©g, kÃƒÂ¶zremÃ…Â±kÃƒÂ¶dÃ…Â‘k, ages, revolutions, new economic mechanism, organisational characteristics, responsibility for future, contributors, Agricultural and Food Policy, Political Economy,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>6</issue>
   <issuedate>2008</issuedate>
   <volume>52</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/58898</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>RomÃƒÂ¡ny, Pal</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:57645</identifier><datestamp>2010-03-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:57645">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>A MAGYAR ÃƒÂ–KOTERMELÃƒÂ‰S ÃƒÂTTEKINTÃƒÂ‰SE</title>
  <abstract>A hazai ÃƒÂ¶kolÃƒÂ³giai gazdÃƒÂ¡lkodÃƒÂ¡s nÃƒÂ¶vekedÃƒÂ©si pÃƒÂ¡lyÃƒÂ¡ra ÃƒÂ¡llt az ezredfordulÃƒÂ³ tÃƒÂ¡jÃƒÂ¡n, de 2004-tÃ…Â‘l a vÃƒÂ¡llalkozÃƒÂ¡sok szÃƒÂ¡mÃƒÂ¡nak ÃƒÂ©s az ÃƒÂ¶kolÃƒÂ³giai mÃ…Â±velÃƒÂ©s alÃƒÂ¡ vont terÃƒÂ¼letek nagysÃƒÂ¡gÃƒÂ¡nak nÃƒÂ¶vekedÃƒÂ©si mÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©ke csÃƒÂ¶kkent, majd visszaesÃƒÂ©s kÃƒÂ¶vetkezett be. Az ÃƒÂ¶kolÃƒÂ³giai termelÃƒÂ©st vÃƒÂ©gzÃ…Â‘ vÃƒÂ¡llalkozÃƒÂ¡sok nagy rÃƒÂ©sze jÃƒÂ³ adottsÃƒÂ¡gokkal rendelkezÃ…Â‘ nagygazdasÃƒÂ¡g, amelyek pÃƒÂ¡rhuzamos termelÃƒÂ©st folytatnak, ÃƒÂ©s olyan elkÃƒÂ¶telezett kisvÃƒÂ¡llalkozÃƒÂ¡s, amelyek gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi sÃƒÂºlya nem jelentÃ…Â‘s. Egyes rossz adottsÃƒÂ¡gÃƒÂº gazdasÃƒÂ¡gok fÃƒÂ¶ldjeiket ÃƒÂ¡tÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ­tjÃƒÂ¡k ÃƒÂ¶kolÃƒÂ³giai stÃƒÂ¡tuszra, a tÃƒÂ¡mogatÃƒÂ¡s vÃƒÂ©gett. A mÃ…Â±ve-lÃƒÂ©si ÃƒÂ¡gak kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶tt nagyobb a gyep (rÃƒÂ©t, legelÃ…Â‘, 53,6%) ÃƒÂ©s alacsonyabb a szÃƒÂ¡ntÃƒÂ³ (26,4%) arÃƒÂ¡nya. A gyepterÃƒÂ¼letek kÃƒÂ¶nnyen ÃƒÂ¡tminÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ­thetÃ…Â‘k ÃƒÂ¶kolÃƒÂ³giai terÃƒÂ¼lettÃƒÂ©, vi-szont gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi ÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kÃƒÂ¼k nem jelentÃ…Â‘s. A vetÃƒÂ©sszerkezetben a gabonafÃƒÂ©lÃƒÂ©k (49,8%), a takarmÃƒÂ¡nynÃƒÂ¶vÃƒÂ©nyek (26,4%) ÃƒÂ©s az olajos nÃƒÂ¶vÃƒÂ©nyek (19,3%) a meghatÃƒÂ¡rozÃƒÂ³k. Az ÃƒÂ¡llattartÃƒÂ¡sban a szarvasmarha- ÃƒÂ©s juhtartÃƒÂ¡s jelentÃ…Â‘s. A sertÃƒÂ©s szerepe nem nagy. Az ÃƒÂ¶kolÃƒÂ³giai ÃƒÂ¡llattartÃƒÂ¡sba vont ÃƒÂ¡llatok szÃƒÂ¡ma az orszÃƒÂ¡g ÃƒÂ¡llatÃƒÂ¡llomÃƒÂ¡nyÃƒÂ¡hoz kÃƒÂ©pest szinte jelentÃƒÂ©ktelen. Az ÃƒÂ¶kolÃƒÂ³giai gazdÃƒÂ¡lkodÃƒÂ¡sban olcsÃƒÂ³bb takarmÃƒÂ¡nyt elÃ…Â‘ÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ­tani, mint ÃƒÂ¡llatot tenyÃƒÂ©szteni, ezÃƒÂ©rt a hazai szÃƒÂ¡mosÃƒÂ¡llatlÃƒÂ©tszÃƒÂ¡m nem jelentÃ…Â‘s, ÃƒÂ­gy a talajok szerves trÃƒÂ¡gyÃƒÂ¡val valÃƒÂ³ ellÃƒÂ¡tÃƒÂ¡sa kÃƒÂ©rdÃƒÂ©sessÃƒÂ© vÃƒÂ¡lik. A hazai ÃƒÂ¶kolÃƒÂ³giai gazdÃƒÂ¡lkodÃƒÂ¡s exportkÃƒÂ¶zpontÃƒÂº, a hazai piac szÃ…Â±k. A termelÃ…Â‘k tÃƒÂ¶bbsÃƒÂ©ge a nÃƒÂ©met nyelvterÃƒÂ¼letÃ…Â± orszÃƒÂ¡gok (Ausztria, NÃƒÂ©metorszÃƒÂ¡g, SvÃƒÂ¡jc) rÃƒÂ©szÃƒÂ©re termelt. Stabil piaci kapcsolatok nem minden esetben alakultak ki, mivel a hazai termÃƒÂ©kek tÃƒÂ¶bbsÃƒÂ©ge feldolgozatlan gabonafÃƒÂ©lÃƒÂ©kbÃ…Â‘l ÃƒÂ©s takarmÃƒÂ¡nyokbÃƒÂ³l ÃƒÂ¡ll, amelyek kÃƒÂ¶nnyen helyettesÃƒÂ­thetÃ…Â‘k. A feldolgozott termÃƒÂ©kek arÃƒÂ¡nya elenyÃƒÂ©szÃ…Â‘ a termÃƒÂ©kszerkezetben. A nyugat-eurÃƒÂ³pai ÃƒÂ¶kolÃƒÂ³giai piacokat jellemzÃ…Â‘ ÃƒÂ©lesedÃ…Â‘ verseny mindenkÃƒÂ©ppen vÃƒÂ¡laszra kÃƒÂ©szteti a termelÃ…Â‘ket ÃƒÂ©s a kereskedÃ…Â‘ket. - Domestic organic farming embarked on a course of major growth at the turn of the millennium. Since 2004 the number of farms and the growth rate of the size of organic farm land have decreased, followed by recession. The majority of organic farms are either big farms with good quality lands and managing parallel production or committed small farms with insignificant economic impact. Some farmers retooled their bad quality lands to organic production in order to receive subsidies. The ratio of grass (53.6%) is higher and that of arable land (26.4%) is lower than in agricultural production. Grass lands are easily converted to organic land but their economic value is not significant. In crop structure, cereals (49.8%), oil plants (19.3%), and fodder plants (26.4%) are dominant. Like the agricultural production characteristic of Hungary, cereals and oil plants have the greatest economic importance in crop structure. Cattle and sheep are significant in animal husbandry. The role of pork is not great. The production of fodder plants is cheaper than animal husbandry, therefore the number of livestock is not significant. As a result, the necessary supply of organic dung for soils becomes doubtful. Hungarian organic farming is export oriented and the domestic market is small. The majority of organic farmers produce for German-speaking countries (Germany, Switzerland, and Austria). Few stable partner relationships were established in the organic trade, because the majority of export products consist of unprocessed cereals and fodder plants which can be easily substituted. The ratio of processed, Ã¢Â€ÂœhungaricumÃ¢Â€Â products is insignificant in the product structure. There is sharp competition in West European organic markets, requiring a response from Hungarian producers and traders</abstract>
  <keywords>ÃƒÂ¶kolÃƒÂ³giai gazdÃƒÂ¡lkodÃƒÂ¡s, tÃƒÂ¡mogatÃƒÂ¡s, hazai-ÃƒÂ©s xportpiac, subsidies, domestic and export market, organic farming, Crop Production/Industries, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Land Economics/Use,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>1</issue>
   <issuedate>2007</issuedate>
   <volume>51</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/57645</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Gyarmati, Gabor</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:58605</identifier><datestamp>2010-03-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:58605">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>A baromfi ÃƒÂ¡gazat versenykÃƒÂ©pessÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©nek helyreÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sa</title>
  <abstract>A helyzetfelmÃƒÂ©rÃƒÂ©s eredmÃƒÂ©nyekÃƒÂ©nt megÃƒÂ¡llapÃƒÂ­thatÃƒÂ³, hogy a magyar baromfi ÃƒÂ¡gazat legfÃ…Â‘bb problÃƒÂ©mÃƒÂ¡ja a nemzetkÃƒÂ¶zi versenykÃƒÂ©pessÃƒÂ©g romlÃƒÂ¡sa. Ennek szÃƒÂ¡mos kÃƒÂ¶vetkezmÃƒÂ©nye lehet, ami kÃƒÂ¶zvetlenÃƒÂ¼l vagy kÃƒÂ¶zvetve ÃƒÂ©rinti a fenntarthatÃƒÂ³sÃƒÂ¡g hÃƒÂ¡rom pillÃƒÂ©rÃƒÂ©t, a gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi, tÃƒÂ¡rsadalmi ÃƒÂ©s termÃƒÂ©szeti tÃƒÂ©nyezÃ…Â‘ket. Az elemzÃƒÂ©sben feltÃƒÂ¡rt problÃƒÂ©mÃƒÂ¡k ok-okozati kapcsolataibÃƒÂ³l egyÃƒÂ©rtelmÃ…Â±en kiderÃƒÂ¼l, hogy mindezt az ÃƒÂ¡gazat hazai ÃƒÂ©s nemzetkÃƒÂ¶zi piaci kiszolgÃƒÂ¡ltatottsÃƒÂ¡gÃƒÂ¡nak nÃƒÂ¶vekedÃƒÂ©se, valamint az ÃƒÂ¡gazatban tapasztalhatÃƒÂ³ objektÃƒÂ­v versenyhÃƒÂ¡trÃƒÂ¡nyok meglÃƒÂ©te okozta. Ez utÃƒÂ³bbi a versenytÃƒÂ¡rsakhoz kÃƒÂ©pest tartÃƒÂ³san alacsony jÃƒÂ¶vedelmezÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©gnek, a technolÃƒÂ³giai szÃƒÂ­nvonalban tapasztalhatÃƒÂ³ lemaradÃƒÂ¡snak, a korszerÃ…Â± tudÃƒÂ¡s, illetve az ÃƒÂ¡gazati stratÃƒÂ©gia hiÃƒÂ¡nyÃƒÂ¡nak tulajdonÃƒÂ­thatÃƒÂ³. A fÃ…Â‘bb problÃƒÂ©makÃƒÂ¶rÃƒÂ¶kre ÃƒÂ¶sszpontosÃƒÂ­tva az ÃƒÂ¡gazat stratÃƒÂ©giai cÃƒÂ©lkitÃ…Â±zÃƒÂ©sekÃƒÂ©nt megfogalmazhatÃƒÂ³ az ÃƒÂºjbÃƒÂ³l versenykÃƒÂ©pes magyar baromfi ÃƒÂ¡gazat, melyhez specifi kus cÃƒÂ©lkitÃ…Â±zÃƒÂ©skÃƒÂ©nt rendelhetÃ…Â‘ az ÃƒÂ¡gazat hazai ÃƒÂ©s nemzetkÃƒÂ¶zi piaci kiszolgÃƒÂ¡ltatottsÃƒÂ¡gÃƒÂ¡nak csÃƒÂ¶kkentÃƒÂ©se, a jÃƒÂ¶vedelem nÃƒÂ¶velÃƒÂ©se, illetve a mÃ…Â±szaki ÃƒÂ©s technolÃƒÂ³giai fejlÃ…Â‘dÃƒÂ©s. VÃƒÂ©lemÃƒÂ©nyÃƒÂ¼nk szerint a bemutatotthoz hasonlÃƒÂ³ struktÃƒÂºrÃƒÂ¡ban, cÃƒÂ©lirÃƒÂ¡nyosan, az egyes termÃƒÂ©kpÃƒÂ¡lyÃƒÂ¡k szereplÃ…Â‘inek bevonÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡val indokolt az ÃƒÂ¡llattenyÃƒÂ©sztÃƒÂ©si ÃƒÂ¡gazatokat ÃƒÂ©rintÃ…Â‘ kÃƒÂ©rdÃƒÂ©sek tisztÃƒÂ¡zÃƒÂ¡sa ÃƒÂ©s azok idÃ…Â‘szakonkÃƒÂ©nti felÃƒÂ¼lvizsgÃƒÂ¡lata. Az adott ÃƒÂ¡gazaton belÃƒÂ¼li problÃƒÂ©mÃƒÂ¡k ÃƒÂ©s azok kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶tti ok-okozati kapcsolatok feltÃƒÂ¡rÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡val, majd az erre ÃƒÂ©pÃƒÂ¼lÃ…Â‘ cÃƒÂ©lstruktÃƒÂºra-cÃƒÂ©lhierarchia felÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡val cselekvÃƒÂ©si programok, elvÃƒÂ©gzendÃ…Â‘ feladatok fogalmazhatÃƒÂ³k meg. Mindezen feladatok idÃ…Â‘beli ÃƒÂ¶sszehangolÃƒÂ¡sa, rendszerszemlÃƒÂ©letben valÃƒÂ³ kezelÃƒÂ©se indokolja az ÃƒÂ¡gazatokra lebontott, s ezen keresztÃƒÂ¼l a teljes ÃƒÂ¡llattenyÃƒÂ©sztÃƒÂ©s stratÃƒÂ©giai tervÃƒÂ©nek kialakÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡t. Egyes tevÃƒÂ©kenysÃƒÂ©gek kiemelÃƒÂ©se, megvalÃƒÂ³sÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sa a tÃƒÂ¶bbi fi gyelembevÃƒÂ©tele nÃƒÂ©lkÃƒÂ¼l rendkÃƒÂ­vÃƒÂ¼li veszÃƒÂ©lyeket rejt magÃƒÂ¡ban. --------------------- As a result of diagnosis it can be stated that deterioration of international competitiveness is the most important problem of the Hungarian poultry sector. This statement may have many consequences which directly or indirectly are connected with three aspects of sustainability: economic, social and natural factors. From causal relations of problems discovered in the analysis it has become unambiguosly clear that increasing domestic and international market defencelessness as well as objective competitive disadvantages were the causing factors in the sector. The mentioned disadvantages are due to low long-run profi tability and technology level lagging behind competitors as well as absence of modern knowledge and sector strategy. Concentrating on major problems, creating once more a competitive Hungarian poultry sector can be set as a strategic goal, while decreasing domestic and international market defencelessness, increasing profi t and technological improvement may serve as specifi c aims. Clearing and periodic reconsideration of problems of other livestock sectors can happen in a similar structure, purposefully, together with persons playing a part in product chains. By discovering causal relations of problems within a given sector and constructing a hierarchy of goals action programs and tasks to be completed can be formulated. Timely harmonisation of these tasks as well as treating them as a system justifi es creating strategic plans for sectors and the whole livestock production. Preferring some activities and implement them without any consideration to other ones is extremely dangerous.</abstract>
  <keywords>&lt;/dc:subject&gt;&lt;dc:subject&gt;poultry sector, problem-tree, goal-structure, international competitiveness, market defencelessness, competitive disadvantages, Agribusiness, Livestock Production/Industries, Production Economics, baromfi ÃƒÂ¡gazat, problÃƒÂ©mafa, cÃƒÂ©lstruktÃƒÂºra, nemzetkÃƒÂ¶zi versenykÃƒÂ©pessÃƒÂ©g, versenyhÃƒÂ¡trÃƒÂ¡nyok,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>6</issue>
   <issuedate>2008</issuedate>
   <volume>52</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/58605</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Nabradi, Andras</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Szollosi, Laszlo</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:57647</identifier><datestamp>2010-03-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:57647">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>TERÃƒÂœLETFEJLESZTÃƒÂ‰S NÃƒÂ‰HÃƒÂNY IDÃ…ÂSZERÃ…Â° DILEMMÃƒÂJA</title>
  <abstract>MagyarorszÃƒÂ¡g csatlakozÃƒÂ¡sa az EurÃƒÂ³pai UniÃƒÂ³hoz, a globalizÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³ diktÃƒÂ¡lta erÃ…Â‘teljes versenykÃƒÂ©nyszer miatt a vilÃƒÂ¡g orszÃƒÂ¡gaiban egyre nagyobb fontossÃƒÂ¡gÃƒÂº a terÃƒÂ¼letfejlesztÃƒÂ©s, amit az ÃƒÂ¶nkormÃƒÂ¡nyzatok oldalÃƒÂ¡rÃƒÂ³l cÃƒÂ©lszerÃ…Â± megkÃƒÂ¶zelÃƒÂ­teni. Az adatok elemzÃƒÂ©se alapjÃƒÂ¡n megÃƒÂ¡llapÃƒÂ­thatÃƒÂ³, hogy az ÃƒÂ¡llami tÃƒÂ¡mogatÃƒÂ¡sok mellett az ÃƒÂ¶nkormÃƒÂ¡nyzatok dÃƒÂ¶ntÃ…Â‘ tÃƒÂ¶bbsÃƒÂ©ge kÃƒÂ©nytelen a sajÃƒÂ¡t erejÃƒÂ©re tÃƒÂ¡maszkodni azÃƒÂ©rt, hogy kedvezÃ…Â‘, vonzÃƒÂ³ lehetÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©get kÃƒÂ­nÃƒÂ¡ljon a betelepÃƒÂ¼lni szÃƒÂ¡ndÃƒÂ©kozÃƒÂ³ tÃ…Â‘kÃƒÂ©nek. Ennek eszkÃƒÂ¶zei a helyi adÃƒÂ³k, valamint az uniÃƒÂ³s forrÃƒÂ¡sok, melyek ÃƒÂ¶sszege a jelen ÃƒÂ©s a jÃƒÂ¶vÃ…Â‘beli kÃƒÂ¶ltsÃƒÂ©gvetÃƒÂ©si idÃ…Â‘szakokban biztatÃƒÂ³ kÃƒÂ©pet mutat. A fejlesztÃƒÂ©s a rÃƒÂ©giÃƒÂ³k mÃ…Â±kÃƒÂ¶dÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©ben ÃƒÂ¶lthet igazÃƒÂ¡n testet, melyek kÃƒÂ©pesek egy nagyobb tÃƒÂ©rsÃƒÂ©g fejlesztÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©t oly mÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kben koordinÃƒÂ¡lni, hogy az megfeleljen a beÃƒÂ¡ramlÃƒÂ³ tÃ…Â‘ke ÃƒÂ©s az EurÃƒÂ³pai UniÃƒÂ³ elvÃƒÂ¡rÃƒÂ¡sainak. - HungaryÃ¢Â€Â™s accession to the EU and the strong competitive requirement dic-tated by globalisation makes regional development increasingly important for all countries worldwide. It is worth approaching this from the side of local authori-ties. Based on analysis of the data, it can be determined that in addition to state subsidies, the majority of local authorities are forced to rely on their own re-sources to offer beneficial, attractive opportunities for potential inward invest-ment capital. The relevant tools are local taxes and EU sources, the amount of which in current and future budgetary periods presents a positive picture. De-velopment materialises in the functioning of the regions, which are capable of coordinating a larger areaÃ¢Â€Â™s development to the extent that it meets the require-ments of inward capital investment and the EU.</abstract>
  <keywords>ÃƒÂ¶nkormÃƒÂ¡nyzati gazdÃƒÂ¡lkodÃƒÂ¡s, gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi kÃƒÂ¶rnyezet, terÃƒÂ¼letfejlesztÃƒÂ©si forrÃƒÂ¡sok, cÃƒÂ­mzett- ÃƒÂ©s cÃƒÂ©ltÃƒÂ¡mogatÃƒÂ¡sok, local authority administration, economic environment, regional development re-sources, named and earmarked subsidies, Agricultural and Food Policy, Community/Rural/Urban Development,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>1</issue>
   <issuedate>2007</issuedate>
   <volume>51</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/57647</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Csiszarik-Kocsir, Agnes</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:57734</identifier><datestamp>2010-03-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:57734">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>A magyar sertÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ¡gazat kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ©ptÃƒÂ¡vÃƒÂº kilÃƒÂ¡tÃƒÂ¡sai</title>
  <abstract>A dinamikusan fejlÃ…Â‘dÃ…Â‘ gazdasÃƒÂ¡gÃƒÂº vagy a feltÃƒÂ¶rekvÃ…Â‘ orszÃƒÂ¡gokban, elsÃ…Â‘sorban IndiÃƒÂ¡ban, KÃƒÂ­nÃƒÂ¡ban ÃƒÂ©s OroszorszÃƒÂ¡gban mind tÃƒÂ¶bb az ÃƒÂ¡llati eredetÃ…Â± termÃƒÂ©kek irÃƒÂ¡nti igÃƒÂ©ny. TermelÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ¼k azonban nem kÃƒÂ©pes lÃƒÂ©pÃƒÂ©st tartani a fizetÃ…Â‘kÃƒÂ©pes kereslet nÃƒÂ¶vekedÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©vel, ezÃƒÂ©rt mind mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi alapanyagokbÃƒÂ³l, mind magas feldolgozottsÃƒÂ¡gÃƒÂº termÃƒÂ©kekbÃ…Â‘l importra szorulnak. Az ÃƒÂ¡llati eredetÃ…Â± termÃƒÂ©kek elÃ…Â‘ÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡nak nÃƒÂ¶velÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©hez azonban egyre tÃƒÂ¶bb takarmÃƒÂ¡ny szÃƒÂ¼ksÃƒÂ©ges, nÃ…Â‘ a gabonafÃƒÂ©lÃƒÂ©k ÃƒÂ©s olajnÃƒÂ¶vÃƒÂ©nyek irÃƒÂ¡nti globÃƒÂ¡lis igÃƒÂ©ny is. A sertÃƒÂ©s- ÃƒÂ©s baromfitartÃƒÂ³knak a bioÃƒÂ¼zemanyag-gyÃƒÂ¡rtÃƒÂ¡s tÃƒÂ¡maszt erÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ¶dÃ…Â‘ versenyt. A magyar sertÃƒÂ©s- ÃƒÂ©s baromfitartÃƒÂ³k ÃƒÂ©rdemben nem kÃƒÂ©pesek befolyÃƒÂ¡solni sem a vilÃƒÂ¡gpiacon, sem az EurÃƒÂ³pai UniÃƒÂ³ piacÃƒÂ¡n zajlÃƒÂ³ folyamatokat, ÃƒÂ­gy gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi kÃƒÂ¶rnyezetÃƒÂ¼khÃƒÂ¶z kÃƒÂ©nytelenek alkalmazkodni, pozÃƒÂ­ciÃƒÂ³juk ÃƒÂ¡relfogadÃƒÂ³. MÃƒÂ©retÃƒÂ¼kbÃ…Â‘l ÃƒÂ©s termelÃƒÂ©si potenciÃƒÂ¡ljukbÃƒÂ³l adÃƒÂ³dÃƒÂ³an a Ã¢Â€ÂžnagyokÃ¢Â€Â ÃƒÂ¡ltal ki nem tÃƒÂ¶ltÃƒÂ¶tt rÃƒÂ©spiacokon szÃƒÂ¼ksÃƒÂ©ges megÃƒÂ©lni. KÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¶nbÃƒÂ¶zÃ…Â‘ modellvÃƒÂ¡ltozataink szerint a hazai sertÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ¡llomÃƒÂ¡ny 3,9-5,1 milliÃƒÂ³ egyed kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶tt alakulhat 2013-ban. HazÃƒÂ¡nk vÃƒÂ¡rhatÃƒÂ³an ÃƒÂ©lÃ…Â‘sertÃƒÂ©sbÃ…Â‘l tovÃƒÂ¡bbra is nettÃƒÂ³ importÃ…Â‘r marad, emellett sertÃƒÂ©shÃƒÂºsbÃƒÂ³l is behozatalra szorul. A sertÃƒÂ©startÃƒÂ³k fejlÃ…Â‘dÃƒÂ©si lehetÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©geit alapvetÃ…Â‘en a sajÃƒÂ¡t takarmÃƒÂ¡nybÃƒÂ¡zis meglÃƒÂ©te hatÃƒÂ¡rozza meg a jÃƒÂ¶vÃ…Â‘ben. - Demand for animal-based products is increasing in countries with dynamically developing economies and those on the rise; primarily India, China and Russia. Their production capacity, however, cannot keep up with the growth in paying demand, forcing them to import both agricultural raw materials and highly processed products. Increasing the production of animal-based produce requires ever more fodder, thus also increasing global demand for cereals and oil-yielding plants. The production of bio-fuel is creating growing competition for pig and poultry farmers. Hungarian pig and poultry farmers are unable to substantially influence the processes taking place on either the global or the EU markets and are, therefore, forced to adapt to their economic environment, making their position that of price-accepters. As a result of their size and production potential they must survive in the niche markets left by the Ã¢Â€Âœbig onesÃ¢Â€Â. According to our various models, domestic pig stock could reach 3.9-5.1 million units by 2013. Hungary can be expected to remain a net importer of live pigs, as well as having to import pork meat. Development opportunities for pig farmers will in the future be fundamentally determined by the existence of their own fodder base.</abstract>
  <keywords>sertÃƒÂ©shÃƒÂºstermelÃƒÂ©s, piac, kilÃƒÂ¡tÃƒÂ¡sok, pork production, market, prospects, Agribusiness, Livestock Production/Industries,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>2</issue>
   <issuedate>2008</issuedate>
   <volume>52</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/57734</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Nyars, Levente</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:57727</identifier><datestamp>2010-03-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:57727">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>RegionÃƒÂ¡lis egyÃƒÂ¼ttmÃ…Â±kÃƒÂ¶dÃƒÂ©sek fejlettsÃƒÂ©get kiegyenlÃƒÂ­tÃ…Â‘ hatÃƒÂ¡sai</title>
  <abstract>Az alkalmazott regressziÃƒÂ³szÃƒÂ¡mÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡s korrigÃƒÂ¡lt-agregÃƒÂ¡lt variÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³s koefficiensek segÃƒÂ­tsÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©vel ÃƒÂ©s az adatok pontossÃƒÂ¡ga mellett megÃƒÂ¡llapÃƒÂ­thatÃƒÂ³, hogy a regionalizÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³ hatÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡ra a nemzetgazdasÃƒÂ¡gok kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶tti gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi fejlettsÃƒÂ©gkÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¶nbsÃƒÂ©gek kiegyenlÃƒÂ­tÃ…Â‘dnek, ÃƒÂ©s a kiegyenlÃƒÂ­tÃ…Â‘dÃƒÂ©s annÃƒÂ¡l jelentÃƒÂ©kenyebb, minÃƒÂ©l szorosabb a regionÃƒÂ¡lis egyÃƒÂ¼ttmÃ…Â±kÃƒÂ¶dÃƒÂ©s. SzÃƒÂ¡mÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡saim kapcsÃƒÂ¡n kiderÃƒÂ¼lt, hogy a NAFTA tagÃƒÂ¡llamai szÃƒÂ¡mÃƒÂ¡ra 1984Ã¢Â€Â“2000 kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶tt ismeretlen volt az az ÃƒÂ¡ltalÃƒÂ¡nosan elfogadott nÃƒÂ©zet, miszerint a mÃƒÂ¡gikus hÃƒÂ¡romszÃƒÂ¶g mutatÃƒÂ³i (GDP, inflÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³s rÃƒÂ¡ta, munkanÃƒÂ©lkÃƒÂ¼lisÃƒÂ©gi rÃƒÂ¡ta) egyszerre nem javÃƒÂ­thatÃƒÂ³k. - On the basis of corrected-aggregated coefficients from regression calculations and the precision of collected data it can be stated that differences between national economies are equalised by regionalisation and the closer the regional cooperation the greater the equalisation. According to our calculations members of NAFTA between 1984 and 2000 were unaware of the generally accepted view that indices of the magic triangle (GDP, rate of inflation and rate of unemployment) cannot be improved all at the same time.</abstract>
  <keywords>regionÃƒÂ¡lis gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi integrÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³k, hatÃƒÂ¡sok, regressziÃƒÂ³szÃƒÂ¡mÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡s, mÃƒÂ¡gikus hÃƒÂ¡romszÃƒÂ¶g mutatÃƒÂ³i, regional economic integration, effects, regression calculation, indices of the magic triangle, Agricultural and Food Policy, Community/Rural/Urban Development,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>1</issue>
   <issuedate>2008</issuedate>
   <volume>52</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/57727</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Szabo, Barna</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:57653</identifier><datestamp>2010-03-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:57653">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>KÃƒÂ–RNYEZETTERHELÃƒÂ‰S ÃƒÂ‰S KÃƒÂ–RNYEZETVÃƒÂ‰DELEM A MEZÃ…ÂGAZDASÃƒÂGBAN</title>
  <abstract>A szerzÃ…Â‘k vizsgÃƒÂ¡lataiban a direkt ÃƒÂ©s az indirekt kÃƒÂ¶rnyezetpolitikai eszkÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶k hatÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡t szÃƒÂ¡mszerÃ…Â±sÃƒÂ­tettÃƒÂ©k kÃƒÂ©t mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi vÃƒÂ¡llalkozÃƒÂ¡sra. Ennek alapjÃƒÂ¡n meg-ÃƒÂ¡llapÃƒÂ­tottÃƒÂ¡k, hogy Ã¢Â€Â“ a tapasztalt hiÃƒÂ¡nyossÃƒÂ¡gok ellenÃƒÂ©re Ã¢Â€Â“ a vÃƒÂ¡llalatok tevÃƒÂ©kenysÃƒÂ©-ge a korÃƒÂ¡bbi idÃ…Â‘szakokhoz kÃƒÂ©pest kÃƒÂ¶rnyezettudatosabbÃƒÂ¡ vÃƒÂ¡lt. Ez elsÃ…Â‘sorban a direkt kÃƒÂ¶rnyezetpolitikai eszkÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶knek kÃƒÂ¶szÃƒÂ¶nhetÃ…Â‘; megvalÃƒÂ³sult a veszÃƒÂ©lyes ÃƒÂ©s nem veszÃƒÂ©lyes hulladÃƒÂ©kok kezelÃƒÂ©se. A jelenlegi szabÃƒÂ¡lyozÃƒÂ¡s (NitrÃƒÂ¡t Rendelet) a hÃƒÂ­gtrÃƒÂ¡gyakezelÃ…Â‘ berendezÃƒÂ©sek lÃƒÂ©tesÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©si ÃƒÂ©s mÃ…Â±kÃƒÂ¶dtetÃƒÂ©si kÃƒÂ¶ltsÃƒÂ©gei miatt verseny-hÃƒÂ¡trÃƒÂ¡nyba sodorja azokat az ÃƒÂ¡llattartÃƒÂ³ vÃƒÂ¡llalkozÃƒÂ¡sokat, amelyek nitrÃƒÂ¡tÃƒÂ©rzÃƒÂ©keny terÃƒÂ¼leten helyezkednek el. Az indirekt kÃƒÂ¶rnyezetpolitikai eszkÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶k egyre nÃƒÂ¶vekvÃ…Â‘ szÃƒÂ¡muk ÃƒÂ©s mÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kÃƒÂ¼k ellenÃƒÂ©re sem gyakoroltak nyomÃƒÂ¡st a vÃƒÂ¡llalati vezetÃƒÂ©sre, nem ÃƒÂ¶sztÃƒÂ¶nÃƒÂ¶ztek a kÃƒÂ¶rnyezetre kÃƒÂ¡ros inputtÃƒÂ©nyezÃ…Â‘k felhasznÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡nak mÃƒÂ©rsÃƒÂ©klÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©re. ForrÃƒÂ¡steremtÃ…Â‘ szerepÃƒÂ¼k azonban ÃƒÂ©rvÃƒÂ©nyesÃƒÂ¼lt, a vÃƒÂ¡llalkozÃƒÂ¡soktÃƒÂ³l elvont ÃƒÂ¶sszegek a vizsgÃƒÂ¡lat ÃƒÂ©veiben nÃƒÂ¶vekedtek, ami a mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi vÃƒÂ¡llalatok amÃƒÂºgy sem magas jÃƒÂ¶vedelemtermelÃ…Â‘ kÃƒÂ©pessÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©nek tovÃƒÂ¡bbi csÃƒÂ¶kkenÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©t okozta. - In our research we examined the effects of direct and indirect economic instru-ments on two agricultural companies. We established that the farmsÃ¢Â€Â™ operations have become more environmentally-friendly in the last few years. Due to the direct regulations, both farmsÃ¢Â€Â™ waste management has fulfilled the environmental protection regulations and manure storage facilities can also be found at animal colonies. However, the Nitrate Directive can cause competitive disadvantages for animal colonies situated in nitrate sensitive areas by increasing the cost of manure disposal. The indirect economic instruments, despite their growing number and degree, have not influenced the decision-making of the managers concerning envi-ronmentally harmful input reduction. However, these economic instruments have made the farmsÃ¢Â€Â™ financial position worse.</abstract>
  <keywords>direkt ÃƒÂ©s indirekt szabÃƒÂ¡lyozÃƒÂ³eszkÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶k, hulladÃƒÂ©kkezelÃƒÂ©s, kÃƒÂ¶rnyezetvÃƒÂ©delmi kÃƒÂ¶ltsÃƒÂ©g, direct and indirect economic instruments, waste management, environmental protection cost, Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>1</issue>
   <issuedate>2007</issuedate>
   <volume>51</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/57653</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Somogyi, Tamas</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Hoffmann, Andras</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:57723</identifier><datestamp>2010-03-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:57723">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>A bioÃƒÂ¼zemanyag-gyÃƒÂ¡rtÃƒÂ¡s nemzetkÃƒÂ¶zi ÃƒÂ¶sszefÃƒÂ¼ggÃƒÂ©sei</title>
  <abstract>A drÃƒÂ¡gulÃƒÂ³ olajÃƒÂ¡r Ã¢Â€ÂžfelszÃƒÂ­nre hoztaÃ¢Â€Â a fosszilis energiahordozÃƒÂ³k kÃƒÂ¶rnyezetbarÃƒÂ¡t energiahordozÃƒÂ³kkal valÃƒÂ³ kivÃƒÂ¡ltÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡nak problÃƒÂ©mÃƒÂ¡jÃƒÂ¡t. Az olajkÃƒÂ©szletek korlÃƒÂ¡tozottsÃƒÂ¡ga mellett a bizonytalan kitermelÃƒÂ©s ÃƒÂ©s a folyamatosan nÃƒÂ¶vekvÃ…Â‘ ÃƒÂ¡rak a bioÃƒÂ¼zemanyagok felÃƒÂ© irÃƒÂ¡nyÃƒÂ­tjÃƒÂ¡k a politikai dÃƒÂ¶ntÃƒÂ©shozÃƒÂ³k ÃƒÂ©s a befektetÃ…Â‘k figyelmÃƒÂ©t. Az olajimportÃ…Â‘r orszÃƒÂ¡goknak a bioÃƒÂ¼zemanyag-gyÃƒÂ¡rtÃƒÂ¡s nyersanyagainak hazai termelÃƒÂ©se lehetÃ…Â‘vÃƒÂ© teszi importkÃƒÂ¶ltsÃƒÂ©geik visszafogÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡t, az ÃƒÂ¼veghÃƒÂ¡zhatÃƒÂ¡st okozÃƒÂ³ gÃƒÂ¡zok kibocsÃƒÂ¡tÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡nak csÃƒÂ¶kkentÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©t, valamint a mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi termelÃ…Â‘k jÃƒÂ¶vedelem-szÃƒÂ­nvonalÃƒÂ¡nak javÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡t. A bioÃƒÂ¼zemanyagok elterjedÃƒÂ©se ugyanakkor enyhÃƒÂ­ti a kapacitÃƒÂ¡sa hatÃƒÂ¡rÃƒÂ¡n dolgozÃƒÂ³ olajfinomÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ³ ipar ÃƒÂ¼zemanyag-ellÃƒÂ¡tÃƒÂ¡si terheit is, ami jelentÃ…Â‘s mÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kben hozzÃƒÂ¡jÃƒÂ¡rul(t) az ÃƒÂ¼zemanyagÃƒÂ¡rak emelkedÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©hez. Ma tÃƒÂ¡mogatÃƒÂ¡s nÃƒÂ©lkÃƒÂ¼l a bioÃƒÂ¼zemanyag-gyÃƒÂ¡rtÃƒÂ¡s azonban csak technolÃƒÂ³giai innovÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³ hatÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡ra vÃƒÂ¡lhat gazdasÃƒÂ¡gilag versenykÃƒÂ©pessÃƒÂ© a fosszilis tÃƒÂ¼zelÃ…Â‘anyagok mellett. ÃƒÂgy az olajfÃƒÂ¼ggÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©g helyett, illetve mellett bioÃƒÂ¼zemanyag- vagy ÃƒÂ©lelmiszerfÃƒÂ¼ggÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©get idÃƒÂ©zhet elÃ…Â‘ a bioÃƒÂ¼zemanyag-elÃ…Â‘ÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡s ÃƒÂ©sszerÃ…Â±tlen nÃƒÂ¶velÃƒÂ©se. Annak ellenÃƒÂ©re, hogy szÃƒÂ¡mos ÃƒÂ©rv hangzik el a kÃƒÂ¶rnyezetvÃƒÂ©delemben ÃƒÂ©s a biztonsÃƒÂ¡gosabb energiaellÃƒÂ¡tÃƒÂ¡sban betÃƒÂ¶ltÃƒÂ¶tt szerepÃƒÂ©rÃ…Â‘l, egyre vilÃƒÂ¡gosabban lÃƒÂ¡thatÃƒÂ³ az agrÃƒÂ¡rpolitika szerepe. Ugyanis a takarmÃƒÂ¡nytermelÃƒÂ©s mÃƒÂ¡r az utÃƒÂ³bbi ÃƒÂ©vtizedben sem tartott lÃƒÂ©pÃƒÂ©st a nÃƒÂ©pessÃƒÂ©g nÃƒÂ¶vekedÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©vel, ezÃƒÂ©rt mÃƒÂ¡r kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ©ptÃƒÂ¡von is alternatÃƒÂ­v fehÃƒÂ©rjetakarmÃƒÂ¡ny ÃƒÂ©s/vagy a DDGS, napraforgÃƒÂ³ ÃƒÂ©s repcedara felhasznÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡nak maximalizÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ¡sa szÃƒÂ¼ksÃƒÂ©ges. A mÃƒÂ¡sodik generÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³s, cellulÃƒÂ³zalapÃƒÂº technolÃƒÂ³gia elterjedÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©vel a bioÃƒÂ¼zemanyag-gyÃƒÂ¡rtÃƒÂ¡s fÃƒÂ¶ldrajzi kiterjesztÃƒÂ©se ÃƒÂ©s a mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡g jÃƒÂ¶vedelmezÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©nek javulÃƒÂ¡sa vÃƒÂ¡rhatÃƒÂ³ az ÃƒÂ©rintett rÃƒÂ©giÃƒÂ³kban. A bioÃƒÂ¼zemanyagok felhasznÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡val megtakarÃƒÂ­tott ÃƒÂ¼veghÃƒÂ¡zhatÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂº gÃƒÂ¡zok mennyisÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©rÃ…Â‘l szÃƒÂ³lÃƒÂ³ tanulmÃƒÂ¡nyok pozitÃƒÂ­v hatÃƒÂ¡srÃƒÂ³l szÃƒÂ¡molnak be. Ugyanez vonatkozik az energiamÃƒÂ©rlegre is. A termelÃƒÂ©si kÃƒÂ¶ltsÃƒÂ©gek kalkulÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³ja azt mutatja, hogy a bioÃƒÂ¼zemanyag hasznÃƒÂ¡lata egyelÃ…Â‘re nem tudja megfÃƒÂ©kezni a nyersolajÃƒÂ¡rak nÃƒÂ¶vekedÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©t, ugyanis sokkal inkÃƒÂ¡bb a nyersolaj kiegÃƒÂ©szÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©rÃ…Â‘l, mintsem kivÃƒÂ¡ltÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡rÃƒÂ³l van szÃƒÂ³. A kÃƒÂ©t legnagyobb globÃƒÂ¡lis bioÃƒÂ¼zemanyag-piac ma az USA ÃƒÂ©s BrazÃƒÂ­lia, a nemzetkÃƒÂ¶zi beruhÃƒÂ¡zÃƒÂ¡sok cÃƒÂ©lpontja pedig BrazÃƒÂ­lia ÃƒÂ©s EurÃƒÂ³pa. Az EU olajimport-fÃƒÂ¼ggÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©ge aggodalomra ad okot, rÃƒÂ¡adÃƒÂ¡sul a kÃƒÂ¶zlekedÃƒÂ©si ÃƒÂ¡gazatra jut az olajfelhasznÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ¡s 70%-a. Ugyanakkor az EU agrÃƒÂ¡rpolitikÃƒÂ¡ja nem tartalmaz vilÃƒÂ¡gos stratÃƒÂ©giÃƒÂ¡t az ÃƒÂ©ghajlatvÃƒÂ¡ltozÃƒÂ¡shoz valÃƒÂ³ alkalmazkodÃƒÂ¡sra. 2020-ra tagÃƒÂ¡llami szinten legalÃƒÂ¡bb 10%-ra kell nÃƒÂ¶velni a fosszilis ÃƒÂ¼zemanyagok biokomponens-tartalmÃƒÂ¡t. A 10%-os rÃƒÂ©szarÃƒÂ¡ny teljesÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©hez az ÃƒÂ©vi belsÃ…Â‘ gabona-felhasznÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ¡s 19%-a ÃƒÂ©s a repcetermelÃƒÂ©s teljes mennyisÃƒÂ©ge szÃƒÂ¼ksÃƒÂ©ges. A fosszilis ÃƒÂ¼zemanyagok kivÃƒÂ¡ltÃƒÂ¡sa a mai gabonatermelÃƒÂ©s legalÃƒÂ¡bb kÃƒÂ©tszeresÃƒÂ©t ÃƒÂ©s a jelenlegi repce- ÃƒÂ©s napraforgÃƒÂ³-termelÃƒÂ©s 25-szÃƒÂ¶rÃƒÂ¶sÃƒÂ©t igÃƒÂ©nyelnÃƒÂ©. - Increasing oil prices have made the replacement of fossil fuel with environmental-friendly biofuel a hot topic. The limit of available oil resources and rising oil prices has drawn more and more attention to policy makers and investors. The production of feedstock for biofuel production in oil importing countries may reduce the cost of oil imports and greenhouse gas emissions and increase the income level of agricultural producers. At the same time, biofuel production may reduce the burden on fossil fuel production with overused capacities, which has led to increasing oil prices. Without government support, technological innovation is the only way biofuels can be made economically competitive with fossil fuels. By increasing biofuel production without careful consideration we run the risk of generating a dependence on biofuels or food in the place of the current dependence on oil. During the many discussions that have been held about the protection of the environment and the security of energy supply in terms of biofuels, the growing role of agricultural policy has become clear. Since animal compound feed production has been unable to keep pace with population growth during the last decade, reliance on alternative protein resources and/or maximising the use of DDGS, rape-meal and sunflower-meal in the production of animal feed will become a key issue in the medium-term. The motivation for cellulosic ethanol production is the geographical expansion of ethanol production, since ethanol will become cheaper if the distance between production and consumption is reduced, which will also improve the profitability of agriculture in the rural areas concerned. While there are significant differences in studies on the quantity of greenhouse gas emissions saved by the use of biofuels, on the whole biofuels are considered to have a positive impact on the environment. The same is true in terms of the net energy balance of biofuel production. Calculations of the production cost of biofuel indicate that the use of biofuel cannot control the price evolution of oil, because biofuels will remain supplemental rather than competitive products, to be blended into traditional fuels. The worldÃ¢Â€Â™s two largest biofuel markets are the US and Brazil, while Brazil and Europe are the main beneficiaries of international investments. While the dependency of the EU on imported oil gives rise to serious concerns, transportation accounts for 70 per cent of oil consumption in the EU. The agricultural policy of the EU does not have a clear-cut strategy for adaptation to climate change. Member states are required to increase the biofuel share in fossil fuels to at least 10 per cent by 2020. This 10 per cent share will require 19 per cent of the annual cereal consumption and the full rapeseed production. In order to fully substitute fossil fuels, the EU would require at least twice the current output of cereals and 25 times the current rapeseed and sunflower- seed production. Similarly to some other EU member states, Hungary has required a certain percentage of the fuels marketed on the national market to be biofuels in order to qualify for a preferential excise duty (differentiation in excise duty). The mandatory 10 per cent target for 2020 requires a maize area of 110-120 thousand hectares and approximately 300-350 thousand hectares of rapeseed and sunflowerseed. Once bioethanol and biodiesel are produced in high quantities, the supply of feedstock will become a top priority. The future of the Hungarian bioethanol industry raises questions concerning the potential sources and prices of feedstock.</abstract>
  <keywords>bioÃƒÂ¼zemanyag, kÃƒÂ¶zlekedÃƒÂ©s, kÃƒÂ¶rnyezetvÃƒÂ©delem, energiaellÃƒÂ¡tÃƒÂ¡s, ÃƒÂ©lelmiszer-termelÃƒÂ©s, biofuel, transportation, environment, energy supply, food production, Agricultural and Food Policy, Land Economics/Use,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>1</issue>
   <issuedate>2008</issuedate>
   <volume>52</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/57723</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Popp, Jozsef</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:58595</identifier><datestamp>2010-03-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:58595">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>A magyarorszÃƒÂ¡gi baromfiÃƒÂ¡gazat kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ©ptÃƒÂ¡vÃƒÂº kilÃƒÂ¡tÃƒÂ¡sai</title>
  <abstract>MagyarorszÃƒÂ¡g fÃƒÂ¶ldrajzi fekvÃƒÂ©se miatt a fehÃƒÂ©rjeforrÃƒÂ¡sok beszerzÃƒÂ©si kÃƒÂ¶ltsÃƒÂ©gei magasabbak ÃƒÂ©s a baromfihÃƒÂºsexport is kÃƒÂ¶ltsÃƒÂ©gesebb a szÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡s miatt, de a fÃ…Â±tÃƒÂ©si ÃƒÂ©s hÃ…Â±tÃƒÂ©si kÃƒÂ¶ltsÃƒÂ©gek is magasabbak, mint pÃƒÂ©ldÃƒÂ¡ul HollandiÃƒÂ¡ban, BrazÃƒÂ­liÃƒÂ¡ban. A globalizÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³ kihÃƒÂ­vÃƒÂ¡sai elÃ…Â‘l a magyar baromfiÃƒÂ¡gazat sem tÃƒÂ©rhet ki. Az ÃƒÂ¡rversenyben a nagy kapacitÃƒÂ¡sok, az olcsÃƒÂ³ munkaerÃ…Â‘ ÃƒÂ©s az olcsÃƒÂ³ takarmÃƒÂ¡ny nagy elÃ…Â‘nyt jelent. A magyarorszÃƒÂ¡gi alapanyag-termelÃƒÂ©s helyzetÃƒÂ©t nehezÃƒÂ­ti, hogy a gazdasÃƒÂ¡gok dÃƒÂ¶ntÃ…Â‘ rÃƒÂ©sze nem rendelkezik fÃƒÂ¶ldterÃƒÂ¼lettel, vagyis nem kÃƒÂ©pesek megtermelni a takarmÃƒÂ¡nyt, ÃƒÂ©s gondot okoz a keletkezett trÃƒÂ¡gya elhelyezÃƒÂ©se is. A hazai vÃƒÂ¡gÃƒÂ³csirke-termelÃƒÂ©s kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ©ptÃƒÂ¡von 230 ezer tonna kÃƒÂ¶rÃƒÂ¼l alakul. A magas takarmÃƒÂ¡nyÃƒÂ¡rak, valamint a Ã¢Â€Âžnem-termelÃ…Â‘Ã¢Â€Â beruhÃƒÂ¡zÃƒÂ¡sok kÃƒÂ¶ltsÃƒÂ©gvonzata miatt a hazai vÃƒÂ¡gÃƒÂ³csirke-termelÃƒÂ©s jÃƒÂ¶vedelmezÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©ben rÃƒÂ¶vid tÃƒÂ¡von nem vÃƒÂ¡rhatÃƒÂ³ javulÃƒÂ¡s, ezÃƒÂ©rt a termelÃƒÂ©s stagnÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ¡sa valÃƒÂ³szÃƒÂ­nÃ…Â±sÃƒÂ­thetÃ…Â‘. MagyarorszÃƒÂ¡g 2013-ra nettÃƒÂ³ importÃ…Â‘ri pozÃƒÂ­ciÃƒÂ³ba kerÃƒÂ¼lhet baromfihÃƒÂºsbÃƒÂ³l, mivel az ÃƒÂ¡rversenykÃƒÂ©pessÃƒÂ©g gyenge. -------------------- Due to HungaryÃ¢Â€Â™s geographical location the costs of procuring sources of protein are higher and poultry exports are also more expensive, because of transport and higher heating and cooling expenses, than say in the Netherlands or Brazil. The Hungarian poultry sector cannot avoid the challenges of globalisation. Large capacity, cheap labour and cheap fodder all represent great advantages in price competition. Hungarian raw material production is made more difficult by the fact that the majority of farmers do not have land at their disposal; in other words, they are unable to produce fodder, while disposal of the manure produced also presents a problem. Domestic production of chickens for slaughter will be around 230,000 tonnes in the medium term. Due to high fodder prices and the expenses associated with Ã¢Â€Âœnon-productiveÃ¢Â€Â investments, no short-term improvement can be expected in the profitability of domestic production of chickens for slaughter. For this reason, stagnation in production is to be expected. Hungary may become a net importer of poultry by 2013, due to weak price competitiveness.</abstract>
  <keywords>baromfihÃƒÂºs-termelÃƒÂ©s, piac, kilÃƒÂ¡tÃƒÂ¡sok, poultry production, market, prospects, Agribusiness, Livestock Production/Industries,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>3</issue>
   <issuedate>2008</issuedate>
   <volume>52</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/58595</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Nyars, Levente</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:58606</identifier><datestamp>2010-03-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:58606">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>A felsÃ…Â‘oktatÃƒÂ¡s ÃƒÂ©s az agrÃƒÂ¡roktatÃƒÂ¡s dilemmÃƒÂ¡i</title>
  <abstract>A tudÃƒÂ¡salapÃƒÂº, versenykÃƒÂ©pes gazdasÃƒÂ¡g magas kÃƒÂ¶vetelmÃƒÂ©nyeket tÃƒÂ¡maszt az oktatÃƒÂ¡s irÃƒÂ¡nt. Napjaink szakemberei csak akkor lehetnek eredmÃƒÂ©nyesek, ha vÃƒÂ¡llaljÃƒÂ¡k, hogy a folyamatos Ã¢Â€Â“ egÃƒÂ©sz ÃƒÂ©leten ÃƒÂ¡t tartÃƒÂ³ Ã¢Â€Â“ tanulÃƒÂ¡s az egyÃƒÂ©ni ÃƒÂ©letpÃƒÂ¡lyÃƒÂ¡k megtervezÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©nek ÃƒÂ©s megvalÃƒÂ³sÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡nak szerves rÃƒÂ©szÃƒÂ©vÃƒÂ© vÃƒÂ¡lik. Megfi gyelhetÃ…Â‘ az agrÃƒÂ¡rkÃƒÂ©pzÃƒÂ©s nÃƒÂ©pszerÃ…Â±sÃƒÂ©gvesztÃƒÂ©se a kedvezÃ…Â‘tlen megbecsÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ©s, az alacsony fi zetÃƒÂ©s, a negatÃƒÂ­v mÃƒÂ©diapropaganda stb. miatt. Az oktatÃƒÂ¡s tÃƒÂ¶megesedÃƒÂ©se ÃƒÂ©s a visszaesÃ…Â‘ szÃƒÂ­nvonalÃƒÂº elÃ…Â‘kÃƒÂ©pzettsÃƒÂ©g miatt minÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©gromlÃƒÂ¡s fi gyelhetÃ…Â‘ meg a pÃƒÂ¡lyavÃƒÂ¡lasztÃƒÂ³k kÃƒÂ¶rÃƒÂ©ben. A kÃƒÂ©pzÃƒÂ©s tÃƒÂºl sok szakon folyik. ÃƒÂšj mÃƒÂ³dszerek, a gyakorlati kÃƒÂ©pzÃƒÂ©s elÃ…Â‘tÃƒÂ©rbe helyezÃƒÂ©se, megfelelÃ…Â‘ motivÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³s rendszer segÃƒÂ­thet a kialakult helyzeten. A BSc-kÃƒÂ©pzÃƒÂ©si rendszer a hÃƒÂ¡rom ÃƒÂ©v alatt nem ad lehetÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©get az elmÃƒÂ©lyÃƒÂ¼ltebb elmÃƒÂ©leti felkÃƒÂ©szÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ©sre, ugyanakkor a fÃƒÂ©lÃƒÂ©v szakmai gyakorlat sem nyÃƒÂºjt elegendÃ…Â‘ szakmai felkÃƒÂ©szÃƒÂ¼ltsÃƒÂ©get, munkavÃƒÂ©gzÃƒÂ©sre alkalmas jÃƒÂ¡rtassÃƒÂ¡got. Mindezek miatt szÃƒÂ¼ksÃƒÂ©ges a kÃƒÂ©pzÃƒÂ©s ÃƒÂ¡tgondolÃƒÂ¡sa, a gyakorlati kÃƒÂ©pzÃƒÂ©s erÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©se, a szakmai hÃƒÂ¡ttÃƒÂ©r minimumÃƒÂ¡nak biztosÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sa. ------------------------ Knowledge-based and competitive economies raise high demands for education. Experts of today can only be successful if they undertake that lifelong learning will be a principle of planning and accomplishing of their profession. It can be observed that popularity of agricultural education has decreased because of low respect and salary of experts as well as of unfavorable publicity of their work. The preseent education has too many branches. Due to massifi cation of education and lower level of secondary school studies there is somewhat inferior quality among people choiceing a career. New teaching methods, preference of practical education and a proper system of motivations can help in this situation. The present BSc education does not make possible deeper theoretical studies during the three years, neither offers the half-year practical training enough preparedness and skills for doing the work. Therefore it is necessary to reconsider the present educational system, strengthening training of practical nature and requiring a minimum level of knowledge from beginners.</abstract>
  <keywords>agrÃƒÂ¡rkÃƒÂ©pzÃƒÂ©s, agrÃƒÂ¡rgazdasÃƒÂ¡g, bolognai folyamat, versenykÃƒÂ©pes kÃƒÂ©pzÃƒÂ©s, agricultural education, agricultural economy, bologna process, competitive training, Agribusiness, Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>6</issue>
   <issuedate>2008</issuedate>
   <volume>52</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/58606</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Magda, Sandor</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Herneczky, Andrea</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Marselek, Sandor</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:57685</identifier><datestamp>2010-03-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:57685">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>A FÃ…ÂBB SZÃƒÂNTÃƒÂ“FÃƒÂ–LDI NÃƒÂ–VÃƒÂ‰NYEK TERMELÃƒÂ‰SE ÃƒÂ‰S AZ ÃƒÂLLATÃƒÂLLOMÃƒÂNY ALAKULÃƒÂSÃƒÂNAK KILÃƒÂTÃƒÂSAI</title>
  <abstract>A mindenkori gazdasÃƒÂ¡gpolitikÃƒÂ¡nak nagy szÃƒÂ¼ksÃƒÂ©ge van a mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi folyamatok ÃƒÂ¶sszetevÃ…Â‘inek megismerÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©re, a hatÃƒÂ¡sok-ellenhatÃƒÂ¡sok mÃƒÂºltbeli feltÃƒÂ©rkÃƒÂ©pezÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©re ahhoz, hogy a jÃƒÂ¶vÃ…Â‘ agrÃƒÂ¡rstratÃƒÂ©giÃƒÂ¡jÃƒÂ¡t mÃƒÂ¡r ezek figyelembevÃƒÂ©telÃƒÂ©vel alakÃƒÂ­tsa ki. A vizsgÃƒÂ¡latok a mÃƒÂºltbeli tendencia folytatÃƒÂ¡sakÃƒÂ©nt a bÃƒÂºza, a kukorica vetÃƒÂ©sterÃƒÂ¼letÃƒÂ©nek csÃƒÂ¶kkenÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©t, illetve a napraforgÃƒÂ³ nÃƒÂ¶vekedÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©t vetÃƒÂ­tik elÃ…Â‘re. A termÃƒÂ©smennyisÃƒÂ©gek prognÃƒÂ³zisa azt mutatta, hogy a bÃƒÂºza, a kukorica ÃƒÂ©s a napraforgÃƒÂ³ esetÃƒÂ©ben emelkedÃƒÂ©s vÃƒÂ¡rhatÃƒÂ³, amit a hosszÃƒÂº tÃƒÂ¡vÃƒÂº ciklusok jÃƒÂ¶vÃ…Â‘ben vÃƒÂ¡rhatÃƒÂ³ konjunktÃƒÂºrÃƒÂ¡ja mÃƒÂ©g jobban fel fog erÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ­teni. Az ÃƒÂ¡llatÃƒÂ¡llomÃƒÂ¡ny trendjÃƒÂ©nek ÃƒÂ¶t ÃƒÂ©ves elÃ…Â‘rejelzÃƒÂ©se alapjÃƒÂ¡n kirajzolÃƒÂ³dott az a korÃƒÂ¡ntsem pozitÃƒÂ­v kÃƒÂ©p, hogy ha a mÃƒÂºltbeli tendenciÃƒÂ¡k tovÃƒÂ¡bb folytatÃƒÂ³dnak a sertÃƒÂ©s- ÃƒÂ©s a szarvasmarha-ÃƒÂ¡llomÃƒÂ¡ny tovÃƒÂ¡bbi csÃƒÂ¶kkenÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©re, valamint a baromfiÃƒÂ¡llomÃƒÂ¡ny mÃƒÂ©rsÃƒÂ©kelt ÃƒÂ¼temÃ…Â± nÃƒÂ¶vekedÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©re lehet szÃƒÂ¡mÃƒÂ­tani. A mÃƒÂºltbeli ciklikus folyamatok folytatÃƒÂ³dÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡t feltÃƒÂ©telezve az ÃƒÂ¡llatÃƒÂ¡llomÃƒÂ¡ny ciklusÃƒÂ¡ra vÃƒÂ¡r-hatÃƒÂ³an konjunktÃƒÂºra lesz jellemzÃ…Â‘. Ez a szarvasmarha, a sertÃƒÂ©s csÃƒÂ¶kkenÃ…Â‘ alapten-denciÃƒÂ¡jÃƒÂ¡t valÃƒÂ³szÃƒÂ­nÃ…Â±leg mÃƒÂ©rsÃƒÂ©kli, a baromfi-termelÃƒÂ©s nÃƒÂ¶vekedÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©t pedig erÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ­ti. - There is a great need for prevailing economic policy to know about the components of agricultural processes and to map past effects and counter-effects in order to develop future agricultural strategy taking these things into account. Continuing past trends, investigations project a reduction in the sown area of wheat and corn and an increase in that of sunflower. The prognosis of production quantity shows that an increase can be expected in the case of wheat, corn and sunflower, which will be further strengthened by the expected future boom in the long-term cycles. Based on a five-year forecast of livestock trends a far from positive picture presents itself, if past trends persist, of a continued reduction in pig and cattle population, while the poultry population can be expected to show a moderate rate of increase. Assuming a continuation of previous cyclical processes, the livestock cycle can be expected to be characterised by boom. This will probably mitigate the basic falling trend in cattle and pigs and will strengthen the growth of poultry production.</abstract>
  <keywords>ÃƒÂ¡llatÃƒÂ¡llomÃƒÂ¡ny, szÃƒÂ¡ntÃƒÂ³fÃƒÂ¶ldi nÃƒÂ¶vÃƒÂ©nytermelÃƒÂ©s, hosszÃƒÂº tÃƒÂ¡vÃƒÂº trend, jÃƒÂ¶vÃ…Â‘prognÃƒÂ³zis, ciklus, livestock, production of arable land plants, long-term trend, future prognosis, cycle, Agribusiness, Crop Production/Industries, Farm Management, Livestock Production/Industries,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>4</issue>
   <issuedate>2007</issuedate>
   <volume>51</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/57685</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Hegedus-Baranyai, Nora</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:58597</identifier><datestamp>2010-03-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:58597">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>TanÃƒÂ¡csadÃƒÂ³ szolgÃƒÂ¡lat a zÃƒÂ¶ldenergia hazai tÃƒÂ©rnyerÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©ÃƒÂ©rt</title>
  <abstract>A hazai zÃƒÂ¶ldenergia-hordozÃƒÂ³ termelÃƒÂ©s ÃƒÂ©s hasznosÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡s olyan lehetÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©g, amelynek kiaknÃƒÂ¡zÃƒÂ¡sa hozzÃƒÂ¡jÃƒÂ¡rulhat hazÃƒÂ¡nk energiaimport-fÃƒÂ¼ggÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©nek csÃƒÂ¶kkentÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©hez, mikÃƒÂ¶zben segÃƒÂ­ti a kedvezÃ…Â‘tlen szociÃƒÂ¡lis ÃƒÂ©s termÃ…Â‘helyi viszonyok kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶tt ÃƒÂ©lÃ…Â‘ gazdÃƒÂ¡lkodÃƒÂ³kat ÃƒÂ©s a lakossÃƒÂ¡got egy ÃƒÂºj jÃƒÂ¶vedelemszerzÃƒÂ©si forrÃƒÂ¡shoz valÃƒÂ³ hozzÃƒÂ¡jutÃƒÂ¡sban. A hatÃƒÂ©kony zÃƒÂ¶ldenergia-hordozÃƒÂ³ termelÃƒÂ©s ÃƒÂ©s felhasznÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ¡s olyan ÃƒÂºj tudÃƒÂ¡s megszervezÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©t ÃƒÂ©s gyakorlati alkalmazÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡t teszi szÃƒÂ¼ksÃƒÂ©gessÃƒÂ©, amelynek kÃƒÂ¶zvetÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©re adekvÃƒÂ¡t szervezeti rendszer keretÃƒÂ©ben mÃ…Â±kÃƒÂ¶dÃ…Â‘ ZÃƒÂ¶ldenergia TanÃƒÂ¡csadÃƒÂ³ SzolgÃƒÂ¡latot (ZETA) ÃƒÂ©rdemes lÃƒÂ©trehozni ÃƒÂ©s mÃ…Â±kÃƒÂ¶dtetni. A ZETA termelÃ…Â‘i ÃƒÂ©rdekÃ…Â± tanÃƒÂ¡csadÃƒÂ³ szolgÃƒÂ¡lat, amely a zÃƒÂ¶ldenergia-termelÃ…Â‘k ÃƒÂ©s -szolgÃƒÂ¡ltatÃƒÂ³k hatÃƒÂ©konyabb tevÃƒÂ©kenysÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©t hivatott szolgÃƒÂ¡lni Ã¢Â€Â“ a vÃƒÂ¡llalkozÃƒÂ¡sok kÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¶nbÃƒÂ¶zÃ…Â‘ ÃƒÂ©lethelyzeteihez igazÃƒÂ­tott mÃƒÂ³don. A ZETA finanszÃƒÂ­rozÃƒÂ¡sa az elsÃ…Â‘ ÃƒÂ©vekben hazai ÃƒÂ¡llami forrÃƒÂ¡sokbÃƒÂ³l, EU-alapokbÃƒÂ³l, az igÃƒÂ©nybevevÃ…Â‘k befizetÃƒÂ©seibÃ…Â‘l tÃƒÂ¶rtÃƒÂ©nik. Ezek a finanszÃƒÂ­rozÃƒÂ¡si arÃƒÂ¡nyok a ZETA szolgÃƒÂ¡ltatÃƒÂ¡si palettÃƒÂ¡jÃƒÂ¡nak gazdagodÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡val pÃƒÂ¡rhuzamosan egyre inkÃƒÂ¡bb a zÃƒÂ¶ldenergia-termelÃ…Â‘k ÃƒÂ©s -szolgÃƒÂ¡ltatÃƒÂ³k javÃƒÂ¡ra fognak vÃƒÂ¡ltozni. ----------------- Exploiting the opportunity for domestic green power production and utilisation could contribute to a reduction in HungaryÃ¢Â€Â™s dependence on energy imports, while helping farmers and inhabitants living in disadvantageous social and production circumstances to access a new source of income generation. Effective production and utilisation of biomass requires the organisation and practical application of a knowledge, the transmission of which would best be served by the establishment and operation of a Green Power Consultancy Service (ZETA), operating within the framework of an adequate organisational system. ZETA would be a producer-oriented consultancy service, dedicated to serving the increased effectiveness of biomass producers and service-providers Ã¢Â€Â“ in a manner that takes into account the businessesÃ¢Â€Â™ differing situations. In the early years, ZETA would be financed from Hungarian state resources, EU funds and user subscriptions. In tandem with an expansion in the range of services offered by ZETA, a greater share of its financing could be borne by the biomass producers and service-providers.</abstract>
  <keywords>primer energia, zÃƒÂ¶ldenergia, termelÃ…Â‘i ÃƒÂ©rdekÃ…Â± tanÃƒÂ¡csadÃƒÂ¡s, tanÃƒÂ¡csadÃƒÂ¡si mÃƒÂ³dszerek, mÃ…Â±szaki tanÃƒÂ¡csadÃƒÂ¡s, primary energy, green power, producer-oriented consultancy, consultancy methods, technical consultancy, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy, Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>3</issue>
   <issuedate>2008</issuedate>
   <volume>52</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/58597</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Gergely, Sandor</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:57721</identifier><datestamp>2010-03-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:57721">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>BIOHAJTÃƒÂ“ANYAGOK HELYZETE MAGYARORSZÃƒÂGON</title>
  <abstract>Ha a MagyarorszÃƒÂ¡gon jelenleg tervezett ÃƒÂ¶sszes bioetanol- ÃƒÂ©s biodÃƒÂ­zel-ÃƒÂ¼zem felÃƒÂ©pÃƒÂ¼l, akkor kb. 2,6-3 milliÃƒÂ³ tonna bioetanol ÃƒÂ©s 400 ezer tonna biodÃƒÂ­zel elÃ…Â‘ÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sa vÃƒÂ¡lik lehetÃ…Â‘vÃƒÂ©. Ez a mennyisÃƒÂ©g amellett, hogy jelentÃ…Â‘sen meghaladja a hazai 2010-es 5,75%-os bekeverÃƒÂ©si arÃƒÂ¡nyhoz szÃƒÂ¼ksÃƒÂ©ges mennyisÃƒÂ©get, inputigÃƒÂ©nyÃƒÂ©t tekintve mÃƒÂ¡r kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ©ptÃƒÂ¡von is jelent_s importot tehet szÃƒÂ¼ksÃƒÂ©gessÃƒÂ©. Ennek ÃƒÂ¡rfelhajtÃƒÂ³ hatÃƒÂ¡sa befolyÃƒÂ¡solhatja egyrÃƒÂ©szt a biohajtÃƒÂ³anyag-elÃ…Â‘ÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡s gazdasÃƒÂ¡gossÃƒÂ¡gÃƒÂ¡t, mÃƒÂ¡srÃƒÂ©szt az ÃƒÂ¡llattenyÃƒÂ©sztÃƒÂ©sben ÃƒÂ©s az ÃƒÂ©lelmiszeriparban feszÃƒÂ¼ltsÃƒÂ©geket eredmÃƒÂ©nyezhet. ÃƒÂ‰rdemes tehÃƒÂ¡t megvizsgÃƒÂ¡lni, hogy milyenek a lehetÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©gek ÃƒÂ©s a korlÃƒÂ¡tok a biohajtÃƒÂ³anyagok inputjÃƒÂ¡ban. - If all planned bio-ethanol and bio-diesel plants are built, Hungary will be able to produce 2.6-3 million tons of bio-ethanol and 400 thousands tons of bio-diesel in a year. This amount is far more than the country needs for the 5.75% bio-fuel content of her petrol or diesel consumption required by 2010. On the long run significant imports will be necessary to satisfy input requirements. This will cause price hikes, which may influence the profitability of bio-fuel production and introduce tensions in agricultural sections such as animal husbandry and the food industry. Therefore it is worthwhile to examine the opportunities and limits in bio-fuel production.</abstract>
  <keywords>bioetanol, biodÃƒÂ­zel, tervezett feldolgozÃƒÂ³ kapacitÃƒÂ¡sok, inputhiÃƒÂ¡ny, bio-ethanol, bio-diesel, planned processing capacities, lack of inputs, Agricultural and Food Policy, Land Economics/Use,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>6</issue>
   <issuedate>2007</issuedate>
   <volume>51</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/57721</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Taralik, Krisztina</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:57660</identifier><datestamp>2010-03-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:57660">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>A MEZÃ…ÂGAZDASÃƒÂGI JÃƒÂ–VEDELMEK AZ EURÃƒÂ“PAI UNIÃƒÂ“ TAGÃƒÂLLAMAIBAN</title>
  <abstract>A szÃƒÂ¡mÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sok rendkÃƒÂ­vÃƒÂ¼l pozitÃƒÂ­v kÃƒÂ©pet mutatnak a mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡g jÃƒÂ¶vedelme-zÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©rÃ…Â‘l 2004-ben, az ÃƒÂºjonnan csatlakozÃƒÂ³ orszÃƒÂ¡gok mindegyikÃƒÂ©ben. A jÃƒÂ¶vede-lemnÃƒÂ¶vekedÃƒÂ©s hÃƒÂ¡tterÃƒÂ©ben egyrÃƒÂ©szt a nagyobb ÃƒÂ¡tlaghozamok ÃƒÂ¡llnak Ã¢Â€Â“ melyek a rendkÃƒÂ­vÃƒÂ¼l kedvezÃ…Â‘ idÃ…Â‘jÃƒÂ¡rÃƒÂ¡si feltÃƒÂ©teleknek kÃƒÂ¶szÃƒÂ¶nhetÃ…Â‘k Ã¢Â€Â“, mÃƒÂ¡srÃƒÂ©szt az elÃ…Â‘zÃ…Â‘ ÃƒÂ©vihez kÃƒÂ©pest mintegy 73%-kal megemelkedett uniÃƒÂ³s tÃƒÂ¡mogatÃƒÂ¡sok. - Calculations present an extremely positive picture of agricultural profitability in 2004 in each of the new accession states. In the background to income growth lies greater average yields on the one hand Ã¢Â€Â“ the result of exceptionally favourable weather conditions Ã¢Â€Â“ and on the other, the ca. 73% increase in EU subsidies in comparison to the previous year.</abstract>
  <keywords>agrÃƒÂ¡rjÃƒÂ¶vedelmek, MezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi SzÃƒÂ¡mlÃƒÂ¡k Rendszere, elÃ…Â‘zetes adatok, Ã¢Â€ÂžAÃ¢Â€Â mutatÃƒÂ³, agricultural income, System of Agricultural Invoices, preliminary data, Ã¢Â€ÂžAÃ¢Â€Â indicators, Agricultural and Food Policy, Agricultural Finance,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>2</issue>
   <issuedate>2007</issuedate>
   <volume>51</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/57660</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Hantos, Krisztina</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:58598</identifier><datestamp>2010-03-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:58598">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>Legyen mindenki jÃƒÂ³llakott?</title>
  <abstract>MagyarorszÃƒÂ¡gon a vilÃƒÂ¡gÃƒÂ©lelmezÃƒÂ©s helyzetÃƒÂ©rÃ…Â‘l tanÃƒÂ¡cskozott huszonÃƒÂ¶t ÃƒÂ©vvel ezelÃ…Â‘tt a RÃƒÂ³mai Klub. A mÃƒÂ¡r akkor jelentkezÃ…Â‘ vilÃƒÂ¡gÃƒÂ©lelmezÃƒÂ©si vÃƒÂ¡lsÃƒÂ¡g kÃƒÂ©rdÃƒÂ©seire tÃƒÂ¶bbfÃƒÂ©le megoldÃƒÂ¡st vÃƒÂ¡zoltak fel a tÃƒÂ©makÃƒÂ¶rrel foglalkozÃƒÂ³ szakemberek, melyek mind bÃƒÂ­ztatÃƒÂ³nak ÃƒÂ­gÃƒÂ©rkeztek, melyekbÃ…Â‘l Ã¢Â€Â“ szinte kivÃƒÂ©tel nÃƒÂ©lkÃƒÂ¼l Ã¢Â€Â“ csaknem semmi nem valÃƒÂ³sult meg. MagyarorszÃƒÂ¡g ÃƒÂ©vtizedeken ÃƒÂ¡t nemcsak helytÃƒÂ¡llt az ÃƒÂ©lelmezÃƒÂ©si versenyfutÃƒÂ¡sban, hanem olyan tapasztalatokat is szerzett, melyek a mostani Ã¢Â€ÂžÃƒÂºjabb keletÃ…Â±Ã¢Â€Â vilÃƒÂ¡gÃƒÂ©lelmezÃƒÂ©si vÃƒÂ¡lsÃƒÂ¡gban is hasznosÃƒÂ­thatÃƒÂ³k. --------------------- The Club of Rome organised a meeting about world food supply in Hungary 25 years ago. The experts proposed several solutions to alleviate world food crisis which seemed to be promising, nevertheless theyÃ¢Â€Â“almost without exception-have not been realized. Hungary not only has stood its ground in the world-wide competition of food supply for decades but has also got experiences which can be utilized in the recent world food crisis as well.</abstract>
  <keywords>ÃƒÂ©lelmezÃƒÂ©s, FAO, kilÃƒÂ¡balÃƒÂ¡si lehetÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©gek, magyarorszÃƒÂ¡gi tapasztalatok, food supply, FAO, recovering opportunities, Hungarian experiences, Agricultural and Food Policy, International Development,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>4</issue>
   <issuedate>2008</issuedate>
   <volume>52</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/58598</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Romany Pal</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:57738</identifier><datestamp>2010-03-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:57738">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>ÃƒÂllattenyÃƒÂ©sztÃƒÂ©si pÃƒÂ¡lyÃƒÂ¡zatok a Nyugat-DunÃƒÂ¡ntÃƒÂºl RÃƒÂ©giÃƒÂ³ban</title>
  <abstract>A Nyugat-DunÃƒÂ¡ntÃƒÂºl RÃƒÂ©giÃƒÂ³ban mÃ…Â±kÃƒÂ¶dÃ…Â‘ ÃƒÂ¡llattartÃƒÂ³ gazdasÃƒÂ¡gok szÃƒÂ¡ma jelentÃ…Â‘s mÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kben csÃƒÂ¶kkent az elmÃƒÂºlt idÃ…Â‘szakban. A nÃƒÂ¶vÃƒÂ©nytermelÃƒÂ©ssel ÃƒÂ©s az ÃƒÂ¡llattenyÃƒÂ©sztÃƒÂ©ssel foglakozÃƒÂ³k egymÃƒÂ¡shoz viszonyÃƒÂ­tott arÃƒÂ¡nya egyre tÃƒÂ¡volodik egymÃƒÂ¡stÃƒÂ³l az utÃƒÂ³bbiak rovÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡ra. Ismeretes, hogy az ÃƒÂ¡llattartÃƒÂ³ telepeknek a szÃƒÂ¡mos kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶ssÃƒÂ©gi ÃƒÂ©s nemzeti elÃ…Â‘ÃƒÂ­rÃƒÂ¡snak valÃƒÂ³ megfelelÃƒÂ©shez az EurÃƒÂ³pai MezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi ÃƒÂ©s VidÃƒÂ©kfejlesztÃƒÂ©si AlapbÃƒÂ³l (EMVA) finanszÃƒÂ­rozhatÃƒÂ³ pÃƒÂ¡lyÃƒÂ¡zatok nyÃƒÂºjtanak tÃƒÂ¡mogatÃƒÂ¡st. A rÃƒÂ©giÃƒÂ³ban beadott telepkorszerÃ…Â±sÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©si tÃƒÂ¡mogatÃƒÂ¡si igÃƒÂ©ny 47,2 milliÃƒÂ¡rd Ft. FelmÃƒÂ©rÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ¼nk szerint a gazdÃƒÂ¡lkodÃƒÂ³k elsÃ…Â‘sorban attÃƒÂ³l tettÃƒÂ©k fÃƒÂ¼ggÃ…Â‘vÃƒÂ© ezen beruhÃƒÂ¡zÃƒÂ¡sok megvalÃƒÂ³sÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡t, mikÃƒÂ©nt alakulnak a felvÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡rlÃƒÂ¡si ÃƒÂ¡rak. TovÃƒÂ¡bbÃƒÂ¡ erÃ…Â‘sen befolyÃƒÂ¡solÃƒÂ³ tÃƒÂ©nyezÃ…Â‘ a tÃƒÂ¡mogatÃƒÂ¡sok jÃƒÂ¶vÃ…Â‘beni alakulÃƒÂ¡sa a bevezetendÃ…Â‘ SPS rendszer ÃƒÂ©s az adÃƒÂ³rendszer, valamint a fÃƒÂ¶ldbÃƒÂ©rlet bizonytalansÃƒÂ¡gai miatt. - The number of livestock farmers in the West-Transdanubia Region has decreased significantly in the past period. The comparative proportion of cropping and livestock farms is increasingly diverging, to the latterÃ¢Â€Â™s detriment. Meanwhile, the stock breeder has to live up to several community and national regulations. To meet these requirements, a subvention opportunity was offered in 2007 by the European Agricultural and Rural Development Fund (EARDF). I carried out a survey among the potential competitors. The majority make realisation of the investment dependent on the following issues: potential changes in farm produce prices; availability of the necessary forage-growing land area; and whether farmers can retain usage of these lands. Other major influencing factors are how the rates of support will be changing in the future and how the new SPS (Single Payment Scheme) system will inspire livestock farming, as well as the conditions of taxation and what kinds of alternative measures will help or hinder the farmers. With the introduction of the preferred changes in the economic conditions system, the provision of long-lasting leaseholds, the correct development of the support system, and serious coaching on the new system, we will have the opportunity to slow the falling tendency in animal sectors, which is also necessary.</abstract>
  <keywords>ÃƒÂ¡llattenyÃƒÂ©sztÃƒÂ©s, Nyugat-DunÃƒÂ¡ntÃƒÂºl RÃƒÂ©giÃƒÂ³, telepkorszerÃ…Â±sÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©s, tÃƒÂ¡mogatÃƒÂ¡s, animal husbandry, West-Transdanubia Region, support, application, Agricultural and Food Policy,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>2</issue>
   <issuedate>2008</issuedate>
   <volume>52</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/57738</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Ori, Aliz</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Pogany, Eva</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:57733</identifier><datestamp>2010-03-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:57733">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>A magyar gabonaÃƒÂ¡gazat kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ©ptÃƒÂ¡vÃƒÂº kilÃƒÂ¡tÃƒÂ¡sai</title>
  <abstract>Igaz, hogy a szÃƒÂ©lsÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©ges idÃ…Â‘jÃƒÂ¡rÃƒÂ¡s MagyarorszÃƒÂ¡gon rendkÃƒÂ­vÃƒÂ¼l nagy hozamingadozÃƒÂ¡sokat okozhat, az agrÃƒÂ¡rpolitika ÃƒÂ©s a piaci szereplÃ…Â‘k pedig hajlamosak a tÃƒÂºlzott reakciÃƒÂ³kra, mÃƒÂ©gis a gabonaÃƒÂ¡gazat az, ahol a magyar mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡g a termÃƒÂ©szeti adottsÃƒÂ¡gok, a termelÃƒÂ©s vonatkozÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡ban mÃƒÂ©g bizonyÃƒÂ­thatÃƒÂ³an komparatÃƒÂ­v elÃ…Â‘nyÃƒÂ¶kkel rendelkezik az EurÃƒÂ³pai UniÃƒÂ³ban. A szÃƒÂ¡ntÃƒÂ³fÃƒÂ¶ldi nÃƒÂ¶vÃƒÂ©nyek nemzeti kiegÃƒÂ©szÃƒÂ­tÃ…Â‘ tÃƒÂ¡mogatÃƒÂ¡sa ugyan 2008-tÃƒÂ³l a termelÃƒÂ©stÃ…Â‘l fÃƒÂ¼ggetlenedik, de a gazdÃƒÂ¡lkodÃƒÂ³k a rendelkezÃƒÂ©sre ÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ³ szÃƒÂ¡ntÃƒÂ³terÃƒÂ¼letet a jÃƒÂ¶vÃ…Â‘ben is hasznosÃƒÂ­tjÃƒÂ¡k, mert a gabonafÃƒÂ©lÃƒÂ©k magas ÃƒÂ¡ra ÃƒÂ¶sztÃƒÂ¶nzi a termelÃƒÂ©st. A kidolgozott kÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¶nbÃƒÂ¶zÃ…Â‘ modellvÃƒÂ¡ltozataink szerint a hazai bÃƒÂºzatermelÃƒÂ©s 4,6-6,1 milliÃƒÂ³ tonna, mÃƒÂ­g a kukoricatermelÃƒÂ©s 9-10,9 milliÃƒÂ³ tonna kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶tt alakulhat 2013-ban. A hazai abrakfogyasztÃƒÂ³ ÃƒÂ¡llatÃƒÂ¡llomÃƒÂ¡ny az elkÃƒÂ¶vetkezÃ…Â‘ ÃƒÂ©vekben Ã¢Â€Â“ a leg jobb esetben is Ã¢Â€Â“ vÃƒÂ¡rhatÃƒÂ³an stagnÃƒÂ¡l, a gabonafÃƒÂ©lÃƒÂ©k belfÃƒÂ¶ldi humÃƒÂ¡nÃƒÂ©lelmezÃƒÂ©si felhasznÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ¡sa rÃƒÂ¶vid ÃƒÂ©s kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ©ptÃƒÂ¡von mennyisÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©ben szintÃƒÂ©n nem vÃƒÂ¡ltozik. A bioÃƒÂ¼zemanyag-gyÃƒÂ¡rtÃƒÂ¡s kukoricaigÃƒÂ©nye viszont nÃƒÂ©hÃƒÂ¡ny ÃƒÂ©ven belÃƒÂ¼l 3-4 milliÃƒÂ³ tonnÃƒÂ¡ra is emelkedhet. A bioÃƒÂ¼zemanyag-ipar ÃƒÂºj ÃƒÂ©s erÃ…Â‘teljesen bÃ…Â‘vÃƒÂ¼lÃ…Â‘ felvevÃ…Â‘piac, ami kÃƒÂ©tsÃƒÂ©gtelenÃƒÂ¼l kedvez a gabonatermelÃ…Â‘knek. Az elÃ…Â‘nyÃƒÂ¶k kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ© sorolhatÃƒÂ³ a hosszÃƒÂº tÃƒÂ¡vra szÃƒÂ³lÃƒÂ³ termeltetÃƒÂ©si szerzÃ…Â‘dÃƒÂ©sek ÃƒÂ©s a kÃƒÂ¶zeli ÃƒÂ¡ruszÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡s. KiszÃƒÂ¡mÃƒÂ­thatÃƒÂ³bb lesz a termelÃƒÂ©s jÃƒÂ¶vedelmezÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©ge, ami mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi ÃƒÂ©s infrastrukturÃƒÂ¡lis beruhÃƒÂ¡zÃƒÂ¡sokra ÃƒÂ¶sztÃƒÂ¶nÃƒÂ¶z. Ez persze elsÃ…Â‘sorban azokra nÃƒÂ©zve igaz, akik a feldolgozÃƒÂ³kkal szerzÃ…Â‘dÃƒÂ©sre lÃƒÂ©pnek. - While it is true that extreme weather conditions can cause exceptionally large income fluctuations in Hungary and that the market actors are prone to over-reaction, the cereal sector is nevertheless where Hungarian agriculture and natural attributes in terms of production can be proven to have a competitive advantage in the EU. Although from 2008, national supplementary grants for arable land plants will be independent of production, farmers will continue to utilise available arable lands in the future, because high cereal prices motivate production. According to the various models we have developed, national wheat production in 2013 could be 4.6-6.1 million tonnes, while corn production could reach 9-10.9 million tonnes. In the coming years, domestic, fodder consuming animal stock can be expected to stagnate, even in a best case scenario, while the amount of cereals utilised for domestic human consumption will also remain unchanged. The demand for corn for bio fuel production, however, could rise to 3-4 million tonnes within a few years. The bio fuel trade is a new and strongly expanding market that definitely favours cereal producers. Its advantages include long-term production contracts and short distance product transportation. Production returns will become more predictable, which motivates agricultural and infrastructural investments. This is true, of course, primarily for those who contract with processors.</abstract>
  <keywords>gabonatermelÃƒÂ©s, piac, kilÃƒÂ¡tÃƒÂ¡sok, cereal production, market, forecasts, Agribusiness, Crop Production/Industries,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>2</issue>
   <issuedate>2008</issuedate>
   <volume>52</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/57733</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Potori, Norbert</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Varga, Edina</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:57729</identifier><datestamp>2010-03-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:57729">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>KihÃƒÂ­vÃƒÂ¡sok ÃƒÂ©s tÃƒÂ¡vlatok a szÃ…Â‘lÃ…Â‘- ÃƒÂ©s bortermelÃƒÂ©sben</title>
  <abstract>Az EurÃƒÂ³pai UniÃƒÂ³ a vilÃƒÂ¡g legnagyobb bortermelÃ…Â‘je, fogyasztÃƒÂ³ja, exportÃ…Â‘re. Ez az ÃƒÂ¡gazat olyan kÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¶nleges termÃƒÂ©ket tesz a fogyasztÃƒÂ³ asztalÃƒÂ¡ra, melynek elÃ…Â‘ÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡t sokan nem csupÃƒÂ¡n mestersÃƒÂ©gnek, de mÃ…Â±vÃƒÂ©szetnek is tekintenek. Szorosan hozzÃƒÂ¡tartozik EurÃƒÂ³pa hagyomÃƒÂ¡nyaihoz, kultÃƒÂºrÃƒÂ¡jÃƒÂ¡hoz, tÃƒÂ¶rtÃƒÂ©nelmÃƒÂ©hez, ÃƒÂ©s nagy tudÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂº, megszÃƒÂ¡llott emberek szÃƒÂ¡zezreinek nyÃƒÂºjt megÃƒÂ©lhetÃƒÂ©st. Nincsen olyan nÃƒÂ¶vÃƒÂ©ny, amely a szÃ…Â‘lÃ…Â‘nÃƒÂ©l tÃƒÂ¶bb hozzÃƒÂ¡adott ÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©ket kÃƒÂ©pes produkÃƒÂ¡lni. - The European Union is the worldÃ¢Â€Â™s largest producer, consumer and exporter of wine. This sector puts such a specialist product on consumersÃ¢Â€Â™ tables that many consider its production as not only a profession, but an art form. It is closely tied to EuropeÃ¢Â€Â™s traditions, culture and history and provides a living for hundreds of thousands of erudite fanatics. There is no other plant capable of producing greater added value than the grape.</abstract>
  <keywords>borpiac, egyensÃƒÂºlyi problÃƒÂ©mÃƒÂ¡k, ÃƒÂ¡trendezÃ…Â‘dÃƒÂ©s, EU-borreform, ÃƒÂ©rdekÃƒÂ©rvÃƒÂ©nyesÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©s, wine market, problems of balance, reorganisation, EU wine reform, lobby power, Agribusiness, Crop Production/Industries, International Relations/Trade,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>1</issue>
   <issuedate>2008</issuedate>
   <volume>52</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/57729</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Nagy, Frigyes</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:57715</identifier><datestamp>2010-03-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:57715">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>GYÃƒÂœMÃƒÂ–LCSFOGYASZTÃƒÂS A JÃƒÂ–VEDELEM FÃƒÂœGGVÃƒÂ‰NYÃƒÂ‰BEN</title>
  <abstract>A gyÃƒÂ¼mÃƒÂ¶lcsÃƒÂ¶k fogyasztÃƒÂ¡sa 1993 ÃƒÂ©s 1997 kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶tt fokozatosan visszaesett 65 kg-rÃƒÂ³l 49 kg-ra, majd emelkedÃƒÂ©snek indult. Ez a folyamat egÃƒÂ©szen 2003-ig tartott, amikor 72 kg volt a fejenkÃƒÂ©nti fogyasztÃƒÂ¡s. A termÃƒÂ©kek kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¼l legtÃƒÂ¶bbet almÃƒÂ¡bÃƒÂ³l fogyasztunk, ÃƒÂ¡tlagosan 15 kg-ot fejenkÃƒÂ©nt, ennek a mennyisÃƒÂ©gnek valamivel tÃƒÂ¶bb mint fele fogy el dÃƒÂ©ligyÃƒÂ¼mÃƒÂ¶lcsÃƒÂ¶kbÃ…Â‘l ÃƒÂ©s ettÃ…Â‘l is kevesebb gÃƒÂ¶rÃƒÂ¶gdinnyÃƒÂ©bÃ…Â‘l, a tÃƒÂ¶bbi gyÃƒÂ¼mÃƒÂ¶lcs jÃƒÂ³val ezen ÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kek alatt talÃƒÂ¡lhatÃƒÂ³. A kÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¶nbÃƒÂ¶zÃ…Â‘ szegmensek fogyasztÃƒÂ¡si ingadozÃƒÂ¡sai alapjÃƒÂ¡n elmondhatÃƒÂ³, hogy a magasabb jÃƒÂ¶vedelmÃ…Â±ek fogyasztÃƒÂ¡sa mindig stabilabb (a fogyasztÃƒÂ¡s ÃƒÂ¡tlagÃƒÂ¡hoz viszonyÃƒÂ­tva, szÃƒÂ¡zalÃƒÂ©kban kifejezve). AbszolÃƒÂºt mÃƒÂ©rcÃƒÂ©vel viszont (az ÃƒÂ¡tlagtÃƒÂ³l valÃƒÂ³, kg-ban mÃƒÂ©rt eltÃƒÂ©rÃƒÂ©s alapjÃƒÂ¡n) a magasabb jÃƒÂ¶vedelmÃ…Â±ek fogyasztÃƒÂ¡sa nagyobb mÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kben ingadozik, ÃƒÂ©s ÃƒÂ­gy a teljes fogyasztÃƒÂ¡st is nagyobb mÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kben befolyÃƒÂ¡soljÃƒÂ¡k. A gyÃƒÂ¼mÃƒÂ¶lcsÃƒÂ¶ket a piac differenciÃƒÂ¡ltsÃƒÂ¡ga ÃƒÂ©s a fogyasztÃƒÂ¡s ingadozÃƒÂ¡sa alapjÃƒÂ¡n kÃƒÂ©t csoportba osztottuk. Az 1. csoportba az ingadozÃƒÂ³ fogyasztÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂº ÃƒÂ©s differenciÃƒÂ¡lt piacÃƒÂº gyÃƒÂ¼mÃƒÂ¶lcsÃƒÂ¶k tartoznak. A 2. csoportba pedig azok a termÃƒÂ©kek kerÃƒÂ¼ltek, amelyek fogyasztÃƒÂ¡sa kevÃƒÂ©sbÃƒÂ© vÃƒÂ¡ltozik ÃƒÂ©s a piacuk is kevÃƒÂ©sbÃƒÂ© differenciÃƒÂ¡lt. - The aim of this work is to describe changes in fruit consumption in different income levels. Our hypothesis is that in higher income levels the fluctuation of consumption is higher (in absolute values), but relatively it is lower (according to average consumption at a given income level). While consumers with higher incomes have a stronger influence on consumption as a whole (than those with lower incomes), their relative indicator is much more stabilised. This is demonstrated in the case of processed fruits: consumers with the highest income increased their consumption to the highest degree (in absolute values); yet according to their average consumption (relative value) their increase was the lowest. This principle can be found in the case of other fruits as well. Apples, watermelon and tropical fruits are emphasised in this research. As for the relationship between segments with the lowest and highest income, the gap between them has been decreasing since 1997. This fact is due to the consumption fluctuations of those with the highest income (in absolute values). After the research into the above-mentioned products, other important fruits are examined and categorised.</abstract>
  <keywords>fogyasztÃƒÂ¡s, gyÃƒÂ¼mÃƒÂ¶lcsÃƒÂ¶k, hÃƒÂ¡ztartÃƒÂ¡s-statisztika, jÃƒÂ¶vedelmi ÃƒÂ¶tÃƒÂ¶dÃƒÂ¶k, consumption, fruit, household statistics, income fifths, Consumer/Household Economics, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>5</issue>
   <issuedate>2007</issuedate>
   <volume>51</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/57715</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Pecze, Denes</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Kiss, Oszkar Zsolt</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Szekely, Geza</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:57739</identifier><datestamp>2010-03-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:57739">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>Az EurÃƒÂ³pai UniÃƒÂ³ agrÃƒÂ¡rtÃƒÂ¡mogatÃƒÂ¡si rendszere ÃƒÂ©s a hazai fÃƒÂ¶ldpiac</title>
  <abstract>Az EU-15-ÃƒÂ¶k mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡ga a tulajdoni ÃƒÂ©s a vÃƒÂ¡llalati rendszert illetÃ…Â‘en is sokkal stabilabb,mint amilyen a hazai. EzÃƒÂ©rt szÃƒÂ¡molni cÃƒÂ©lszerÃ…Â± azzal,hogy a bevezetni szÃƒÂ¡ndÃƒÂ©kozott SPS tÃƒÂ¡mogatÃƒÂ¡si rendszer hazÃƒÂ¡nkban a jÃƒÂ¶vedelmeket,a fÃƒÂ¶ldÃƒÂ¡rakat ÃƒÂ©s a bÃƒÂ©rleti dÃƒÂ­jakat illetÃ…Â‘en is minden bizonnyal mÃƒÂ©lyebb hatÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂº lesz,mint a tÃ…Â‘lÃƒÂ¼nk nyugatabbra lÃƒÂ©vÃ…Â‘ csalÃƒÂ¡di gazdasÃƒÂ¡goknÃƒÂ¡l tapasztalhatÃƒÂ³. Egyben szÃƒÂ¡molni lehet e szabÃƒÂ¡lyozÃƒÂ¡si elem ÃƒÂ¶nmagÃƒÂ¡n tÃƒÂºlmutatÃƒÂ³ hatÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡val,nevezetesen azzal,hogy a termÃ…Â‘fÃƒÂ¶ld ÃƒÂ¡rÃƒÂ¡ra gyakorolt hatÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡n keresztÃƒÂ¼l az EurÃƒÂ³pai UniÃƒÂ³ piaci rendtartÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡nak gyÃƒÂ¶keres megvÃƒÂ¡ltoztatÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡t kÃƒÂ¶vetÃ…Â‘en is nyomot hagy majd a birtokszerkezetben. Az EgysÃƒÂ©ges GazdatÃƒÂ¡mogatÃƒÂ¡si Rendszer (SPS) hazai bevezetÃƒÂ©se kÃƒÂ¶rÃƒÂ¼li bizonytalansÃƒÂ¡gok legfÃ…Â‘bb oka a birtokrendezÃƒÂ©s ÃƒÂ©s az ÃƒÂ¼zemszabÃƒÂ¡lyozÃƒÂ¡s eddigi elmaradÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡ra vezethetÃ…Â‘ vissza. EzÃƒÂ©rt e terÃƒÂ¼leteken mielÃ…Â‘bbi kormÃƒÂ¡nyzati intÃƒÂ©zkedÃƒÂ©sek szÃƒÂ¼ksÃƒÂ©gesek. A birtokrendezÃƒÂ©s egyben serkentÃ…Â‘en hatna a fÃƒÂ¶ldforgalomra,ÃƒÂ©s a fÃƒÂ¶ldÃƒÂ¡rakat is ÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©karÃƒÂ¡nyosabbÃƒÂ¡ tennÃƒÂ©. A terÃƒÂ¼letrendezÃƒÂ©s tovÃƒÂ¡bbi kedvezÃ…Â‘ hatÃƒÂ¡sakÃƒÂ©nt jelÃƒÂ¶lhetÃ…Â‘ meg,hogy ez ÃƒÂ¡ltal a kÃƒÂ¶rnyezetbarÃƒÂ¡t mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi termelÃƒÂ©s esÃƒÂ©lyei is javulnÃƒÂ¡nak. Az agrÃƒÂ¡rpolitika cÃƒÂ©l- ÃƒÂ©s eszkÃƒÂ¶zrendszerÃƒÂ©nek a meghatÃƒÂ¡rozÃƒÂ¡sa,ÃƒÂ©s ezen belÃƒÂ¼l a birtokpolitikai irÃƒÂ¡nyelveknek a meghatÃƒÂ¡rozÃƒÂ¡sa,valamint az azt szolgÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ³ birtokrendezÃƒÂ©s a mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi ÃƒÂ¼zemszabÃƒÂ¡lyozÃƒÂ¡s egymÃƒÂ¡ssal is szorosan ÃƒÂ¶sszefÃƒÂ¼ggÃ…Â‘ ÃƒÂ©s sÃƒÂ¼rgÃ…Â‘sen megoldÃƒÂ¡sra vÃƒÂ¡rÃƒÂ³ feladatok. SegÃƒÂ­tsÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ¼kkel nÃƒÂ¶velni lehetne a mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡g nemzetkÃƒÂ¶zi versenykÃƒÂ©pessÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©t,kedvezÃ…Â‘ irÃƒÂ¡nyba befolyÃƒÂ¡solva az agrÃƒÂ¡rÃƒÂ¡gazatok nÃƒÂ©pessÃƒÂ©geltartÃƒÂ³ kÃƒÂ©pessÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©t,nem utolsÃƒÂ³sorban elÃ…Â‘mozdÃƒÂ­tva a jelenleginÃƒÂ©l kÃƒÂ¶rnyezetkÃƒÂ­mÃƒÂ©lÃ…Â‘bb gazdÃƒÂ¡lkodÃƒÂ¡st. - The EU-15Ã¢Â€Â™s agriculture is far more stable in terms of ownership and business systems than HungaryÃ¢Â€Â™s. It makes sense, therefore, to expect the proposed introduction of the SPS support system in Hungary to have a much deeper impact on income, land prices and rental fees than that experienced by the family farms to the west of us. At the same time, it can also be assumed that this regulatory element will be significant beyond itself; that is, that following fundamental change in the EU marketÃ¢Â€Â™s rules and regulations, it will leave its mark on the structure of ownership through its effect on arable land prices. The main cause of the uncertainties surrounding introduction of the Single Payment Scheme (SPS) in Hungary can be traced to the backwardness of land redistribution and farming regulations. For this reason, government measures are needed in these areas as quickly as possible. The redistribution of landed property would have a stimulating effect on land turnover and would also bring land prices more in line with value. Improved opportunities for environmentally- friendly agricultural production can also be highlighted as a further favourable effect of land redistribution. Determining the aims and toolkit of agricultural policy and, within this, determining the guiding principles of ownership policy as well as the land redistribution and farming regulations that serve it, are strongly interdependent tasks requiring swift resolution. It would be possible with such help to increase the international competitiveness of agriculture, positively influencing the agricultural sectorsÃ¢Â€Â™ population sustaining abilities and, not least, promoting more environmentally-friendly farming than is currently practiced.</abstract>
  <keywords>SPS, ÃƒÂ¼zemrendszer, birtokrendezÃƒÂ©s, fÃƒÂ¶ldforgalom, ÃƒÂ¼zemszabÃƒÂ¡lyozÃƒÂ¡s. SPS, farm system, redistribution of landed property, land turnover, farming regulations., Agricultural and Food Policy, Land Economics/Use,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>2</issue>
   <issuedate>2008</issuedate>
   <volume>52</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/57739</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Alvincz, Jozsef</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:57654</identifier><datestamp>2010-03-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:57654">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>AZ OKTATÃƒÂS ÃƒÂ‰S A MUNKAERÃ…ÂPIAC ÃƒÂLLAPOTA KÃƒÂ–ZÃƒÂ–TTI KAPCSOLAT MAGYARORSZÃƒÂGON</title>
  <abstract>Az utÃƒÂ³bbi ÃƒÂ©vtized legdrÃƒÂ¡maibb hatÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂº gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi-tÃƒÂ¡rsadalmi vÃƒÂ¡ltozÃƒÂ¡sa a nyÃƒÂ­lt munkanÃƒÂ©lkÃƒÂ¼lisÃƒÂ©g megjelenÃƒÂ©se volt. A munkanÃƒÂ©lkÃƒÂ¼lisÃƒÂ©g differenciÃƒÂ¡ltan sÃƒÂºjtotta a kÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¶nbÃƒÂ¶zÃ…Â‘ rÃƒÂ©tegeket, a nemzetgazdasÃƒÂ¡gi ÃƒÂ¡gazatokat, illetve az orszÃƒÂ¡g egyes tÃƒÂ©r-sÃƒÂ©geit. A nemzetkÃƒÂ¶zi tapasztalatok szerint a tÃƒÂ¡vlati munkaerÃ…Â‘-prognÃƒÂ³zisok igyekez-nek vilÃƒÂ¡gosan kifejezni a foglalkoztatÃƒÂ¡spolitika ÃƒÂ©s az oktatÃƒÂ¡spolitika kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶tti kÃƒÂ¶lcsÃƒÂ¶nhatÃƒÂ¡sokat ÃƒÂ©s ÃƒÂ©rdekeket. A magyarorszÃƒÂ¡gi munkanÃƒÂ©lkÃƒÂ¼liek elhelyezkedÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©nek nehÃƒÂ©zsÃƒÂ©gei ÃƒÂ©s a munkaerÃ…Â‘forrÃƒÂ¡s kÃƒÂ©pzÃƒÂ©si szerkezetÃƒÂ©nek torzulÃƒÂ¡sa az oktatÃƒÂ¡s intÃƒÂ©zmÃƒÂ©nyi vÃƒÂ¡lsÃƒÂ¡gÃƒÂ¡ra utal. Ezzel ÃƒÂ¶sszefÃƒÂ¼ggÃƒÂ©sben a legfontosabb teendÃ…Â‘k kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ© tartozik a kÃƒÂ©pzÃƒÂ©si rendszer korszerÃ…Â±sÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©se, amelyet a tankÃƒÂ¶telezettsÃƒÂ©g jelenleginÃƒÂ©l kÃƒÂ¶vetkezetesebb ÃƒÂ©rvÃƒÂ©nyesÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©se mellett, a mainÃƒÂ¡l rugalmasabb szerkezetÃ…Â± iskolarendszer jellemez. - The most dramatic socio-economic change of the past decade has been the ap-pearance of overt unemployment. Unemployment affected different social strata, national economic sectors and some areas of the country in a differentiated manner. According to international experience, long-term labour market prognoses attempt to clearly state the mutual effects and interests of employment policy and education policy. In modern society the education system is inseparably connected to other social sub-systems; not only to culture and science, but to economics as well as to the political and public administration systems. This connection means that changes in education directly influence the operation of the other subsystems, including employment policy, and these changes then have repercussions on education. The difficulties of HungaryÃ¢Â€Â™s unemployed in finding jobs and the distortion of the training mechanism for labour resources point to an institutional crisis in education. Among the most important tasks connected to this is modernisation of the training system, which, in addition to a more consistent enforcement of compulsory education than at present, is characterised by a school system with a more flexible structure than todayÃ¢Â€Â™s.</abstract>
  <keywords>munkanÃƒÂ©lkÃƒÂ¼lisÃƒÂ©g, foglalkoztatÃƒÂ¡spolitika, oktatÃƒÂ¡si rendszer, unemployment, employment policy, education system, Labor and Human Capital, Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>1</issue>
   <issuedate>2007</issuedate>
   <volume>51</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/57654</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Csehne-Papp, Imola</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:57726</identifier><datestamp>2010-03-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:57726">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>Az EU-csatlakozÃƒÂ¡s hatÃƒÂ¡sa magyarorszÃƒÂ¡gi ÃƒÂ©s szlovÃƒÂ¡kiai tejtermelÃ…Â‘ gazdasÃƒÂ¡g jÃƒÂ¶vedelmÃƒÂ©re</title>
  <abstract>A SzigetkÃƒÂ¶zben gazdÃƒÂ¡lkodÃƒÂ³ Zrt. ÃƒÂ©s a szlovÃƒÂ¡kiai AgrÃƒÂ¡rvÃƒÂ¡llalkozÃƒÂ³k TÃƒÂ¡rsulata ÃƒÂ©s SzÃƒÂ¶vetkezete tejtermelÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©nek 2002-2006. ÃƒÂ©vi vizsgÃƒÂ¡lata alapjÃƒÂ¡n megÃƒÂ¡llapÃƒÂ­thatÃƒÂ³, hogy a 2004-es EU-csatlakozÃƒÂ¡skor bevezetett kvÃƒÂ³tarendszer ÃƒÂ©s a hozzÃƒÂ¡ tartozÃƒÂ³ tÃƒÂ¡mogatÃƒÂ¡sok, illetve a SzlovÃƒÂ¡kiÃƒÂ¡ban bekÃƒÂ¶vetkezett ÃƒÂ¡remelkedÃƒÂ©s kedvezÃ…Â‘ hatÃƒÂ¡st gyakoroltak a kivÃƒÂ¡lasztott nagyÃƒÂ¼zemi mÃƒÂ©retÃ…Â± gazdasÃƒÂ¡gok tehenÃƒÂ©szetÃƒÂ©nek gazdÃƒÂ¡lkodÃƒÂ¡si eredmÃƒÂ©nyÃƒÂ©re. - On the basis of investigations into the milk production of enterprises in SzigetkÃƒÂ¶z and of the society and cooperation of agrarian enterprises in Slovakia between 2002 and 2006 we have found that upon the introduction of a quota system and appropriate support on joining the EU in 2004 plus price increases in Slovakia affected favourably the economic success of some large dairy farms selected into the study.</abstract>
  <keywords>tejtermelÃƒÂ©s, kvÃƒÂ³ta, tÃƒÂ¡mogatÃƒÂ¡sok, rÃƒÂ¡fordÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡s-hozam, ÃƒÂ¼zemi eredmÃƒÂ©ny, milk production, quota, support, investment yield, enterprise success, Farm Management, Livestock Production/Industries,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>1</issue>
   <issuedate>2008</issuedate>
   <volume>52</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/57726</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Pogany, Eva</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Ori, Aliz</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:57650</identifier><datestamp>2010-03-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:57650">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>AZ ÃƒÂTALAKULÃƒÂ“ MAGYARORSZÃƒÂGI TEJGAZDASÃƒÂG</title>
  <abstract>Az EU csatlakozÃƒÂ¡ssal a tejÃƒÂ¡gazatban bÃƒÂ¡r bÃ…Â‘vÃƒÂ¼lt a belfÃƒÂ¶ldi piac Ã¢Â€Â“ nÃ…Â‘tt a forgalom ÃƒÂ©s a fogyasztÃƒÂ¡s, amit a nÃƒÂ¶vekvÃ…Â‘ olcsÃƒÂ³ import fedezett Ã¢Â€Â“, a felvÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡rlÃƒÂ¡s ÃƒÂ©s az ÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kesÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©s (bel- ÃƒÂ©s kÃƒÂ¼lpiacra egyarÃƒÂ¡nt) csÃƒÂ¶kkent, illetve stagnÃƒÂ¡lt. Az import erÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ¶dÃƒÂ©se a hazai cÃƒÂ©gek belpiaci rÃƒÂ©szesedÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©t mintegy 80%-ra csÃƒÂ¶kkentette, mikÃƒÂ¶zben a vÃƒÂ¡llalati koncentrÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³ mÃƒÂ©g intenzÃƒÂ­vebbÃƒÂ© vÃƒÂ¡lt a magyar tejÃƒÂ¡gazatban, s a nagyvÃƒÂ¡llalatok tovÃƒÂ¡bb erÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ­tettÃƒÂ©k pozÃƒÂ­ciÃƒÂ³jukat, mÃƒÂ­g a kicsik tovÃƒÂ¡bb gyengÃƒÂ¼ltek. 2005-ben a Parmalat Ã¢Â€Â“ ÃƒÂ¡llami segÃƒÂ­tsÃƒÂ©ggel Ã¢Â€Â“ termelÃ…Â‘i tulajdonba kerÃƒÂ¼lt, ami a vertikÃƒÂ¡lis integrÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³ erÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ¶dÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©hez vezetett. A kÃƒÂ¼lfÃƒÂ¶ldi tulajdon meghatÃƒÂ¡rozÃƒÂ³ helyzetbe kerÃƒÂ¼lt a tejiparban Ã¢Â€Â“ 2004-ben 87% volt a rÃƒÂ©szesedÃƒÂ©se, ami a mÃƒÂ¡sodik legnagyobb az ÃƒÂ©lelmiszeripari alÃƒÂ¡gazatok kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶tt Ã¢Â€Â“, cÃƒÂ©lja azonban elsÃ…Â‘sorban a hazai piac kielÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©se, s nem az exportbÃ…Â‘vÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©s. A koncentrÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³s folyamatok az EU-ban is tapasztalhatÃƒÂ³ak, azonban mÃƒÂ©g nem dÃ…Â‘lt el, hogy a nem-termelÃ…Â‘i vÃƒÂ¡llalkozÃƒÂ¡s, vagy a szÃƒÂ¶vetkezeti vÃƒÂ¡llalkozÃƒÂ¡s az ÃƒÂ©let-kÃƒÂ©pesebb. Ez MagyarorszÃƒÂ¡gra is ÃƒÂ©rvÃƒÂ©nyes. Az mindenesetre pozitÃƒÂ­vum, hogy nÃ…Â‘ a koncentrÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³ ÃƒÂ©s olcsÃƒÂ³bbak a tejtermÃƒÂ©kek, ami ugyanakkor a tejtermelÃ…Â‘ket nyomasztja drÃƒÂ¡maian. A jÃƒÂ¶vÃ…Â‘ben a verseny fokozott kiÃƒÂ©lezÃ…Â‘dÃƒÂ©se vÃƒÂ¡rhatÃƒÂ³, melyet az EU liberÃƒÂ¡lisabb politikÃƒÂ¡ja, a WTO-reformok, az ÃƒÂºj versenytÃƒÂ¡rsak megjelenÃƒÂ©se Ã¢Â€ÂžgarantÃƒÂ¡lÃ¢Â€Â. Ennek jegyÃƒÂ©ben folytatÃƒÂ³dik tovÃƒÂ¡bb a tejgazdasÃƒÂ¡g ÃƒÂ¡talakulÃƒÂ¡sa. - While the dairy sectorÃ¢Â€Â™s domestic market expanded with EU accession (turn-over and consumption increased), which was covered by a growth in cheap im-ports, procurement and sales (in both domestic and external markets) fell and stagnated. The growth of imports reduced the domestic market share of national companies to around 80%, while the concentration of businesses intensified in the Hungarian dairy sector, with large companies further strengthening their positions while the smaller ones weakened. In 2005, Parmalat was bought out by its producers Ã¢Â€Â“ with state assistance Ã¢Â€Â“ resulting in a strengthening of vertical in-tegration. Foreign ownership achieved a dominant position in the dairy industry Ã¢Â€Â“ an 87% share in 2004, the second largest in a food industry sub-branch Ã¢Â€Â“ its aim, however, was to meet domestic market demand and not to expand exports. The process of concentration can also be felt in the EU, however it remains to be seen whether the non-producing business or the co-operative one is the more viable. This is also valid for Hungary. In any case, increased concentration and cheaper dairy products are positive things, although they have a dramatically depressing effect on dairy producers. Intensified competition can be expected in the future, Ã¢Â€ÂœguaranteedÃ¢Â€Â by the EUÃ¢Â€Â™s liberal policies, WTO reforms and the appearance of new competition partners. The transformation of diary farming continues in this spirit.</abstract>
  <keywords>tej, tejipar, ÃƒÂ©lelmiszeripar, EU, agrÃƒÂ¡rkereskedelem, versenykÃƒÂ©pessÃƒÂ©g, milk, dairy industry, dairy sector, EU, agrotrade, Agricultural and Food Policy, International Relations/Trade, Livestock Production/Industries,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>1</issue>
   <issuedate>2007</issuedate>
   <volume>51</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/57650</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Konig, Gabor</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:58896</identifier><datestamp>2010-03-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:58896">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>Gondolatok a magyar mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡g versenykÃƒÂ©pessÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©rÃ…Â‘l</title>
  <abstract>A magyarorszÃƒÂ¡gi mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡g helyzetÃƒÂ©re a csÃƒÂ¶kkenÃ…Â‘ versenykÃƒÂ©pessÃƒÂ©g, pozÃƒÂ­ciÃƒÂ³- ÃƒÂ©s piacvesztÃƒÂ©s jellemzÃ…Â‘, belfÃƒÂ¶ldÃƒÂ¶n ÃƒÂ©s kÃƒÂ¼lfÃƒÂ¶ldÃƒÂ¶n. A hazai agrÃƒÂ¡rvilÃƒÂ¡g legsÃƒÂºlyosabb gondja a vÃƒÂ¡ltozÃƒÂ³ piaci kÃƒÂ¶rÃƒÂ¼lmÃƒÂ©nyekhez valÃƒÂ³ alkalmazkodÃƒÂ¡s hiÃƒÂ¡nya, amiben sajnos szerepet jÃƒÂ¡tszik az is, hogy az egyÃƒÂ©bkÃƒÂ©nt szÃƒÂ¼ksÃƒÂ©gszerÃ…Â± mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi rendszervÃƒÂ¡ltÃƒÂ¡s nem jÃƒÂ¡rt egyÃƒÂ¼tt korszerÃ…Â± agrÃƒÂ¡rstratÃƒÂ©gia kibontakozÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡val, az EU csatlakozÃƒÂ¡sra valÃƒÂ³ megfelelÃ…Â‘ felkÃƒÂ©szÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ©ssel. RendkÃƒÂ­vÃƒÂ¼l kÃƒÂ¡ros a termelÃƒÂ©si szerkezet extenzÃƒÂ­v irÃƒÂ¡nyÃƒÂº eltolÃƒÂ³dÃƒÂ¡sa, az alacsony jÃƒÂ¶vedelemtermelÃ…Â‘ kÃƒÂ©pessÃƒÂ©g. A kiindulÃƒÂ¡si ÃƒÂ¡llapot mellett, a helyzet megvÃƒÂ¡ltoztatÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡ban cÃƒÂ©lszerÃ…Â± szÃƒÂ¡molni az eurÃƒÂ³pai mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡g ÃƒÂ©s agrÃƒÂ¡rpolitika vÃƒÂ¡ltozÃƒÂ¡saival is. A versenykÃƒÂ©pessÃƒÂ©g javÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sa kÃƒÂ¶zmegegyezÃƒÂ©sre ÃƒÂ©pÃƒÂ¼lÃ…Â‘ stratÃƒÂ©giÃƒÂ¡t, komplex tennivalÃƒÂ³kat igÃƒÂ©nyel. Ebben szerepet jÃƒÂ¡tszik az agrÃƒÂ¡rpiacok vÃƒÂ¡rhatÃƒÂ³ liberalizÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ¡sa, a biotechnolÃƒÂ³giÃƒÂ¡val, a GMO nÃƒÂ¶vÃƒÂ©nyekkel kapcsolatos hazai jÃƒÂ¶vÃ…Â‘beni ÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ¡spont, a bioenergiai fejlesztÃƒÂ©s mÃƒÂ©rlegelÃƒÂ©se, a KAP jÃƒÂ¶vÃ…Â‘je, a hazai harmonikus ÃƒÂ¼zemi struktÃƒÂºra, a fÃƒÂ¶ldtulajdon rendezÃƒÂ©se, a gyors technolÃƒÂ³giai fejlesztÃƒÂ©s, melyen belÃƒÂ¼l kÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¶nÃƒÂ¶sen fontos a kutatÃƒÂ¡sok felkarolÃƒÂ¡sa, sÃƒÂ¼rgetÃ…Â‘ a termelÃ…Â‘k ÃƒÂ¶sszefogÃƒÂ¡sa, az ÃƒÂ¡llami ÃƒÂ©s magÃƒÂ¡nszfÃƒÂ©ra hatÃƒÂ©konyabb egyÃƒÂ¼ttmÃ…Â±kÃƒÂ¶dÃƒÂ©se, valamint a mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡g ÃƒÂ©s vidÃƒÂ©k ÃƒÂºj tÃƒÂ­pusÃƒÂº szintÃƒÂ©zise. --------------------- Hungarian agriculture is characterised by declining competitiveness and loss of position and markets both at home and abroad. The gravest problem of the domestic farming world is the lack of adaptation to changing market conditions. A contributory factor to this unfortunate situation was the fact that the change of agricultural regime, that had in any case been well over due, did not taken place according to an up to date agricultural strategy, after adequate preparations before joining the EU. The shift of production structure toward extensive farming, low income producing capacity, is exceptionally harmful. In attempting to make improvements it is advisable to consider the present situation in the light of forthcoming changes in European farming and agricultural policies. Improvements in competitiveness require a strategy based on consensus and a serious of complex tasks to execute. Factors to be considered are the expected liberalisation of agricultural markets, the domestic approaches relating to bio-technology and GMO plants, evaluation of bio-energy production, future of CAP, harmony of domestic industrial structure, settlement of land ownership questions and rapid technological developments with particular emphasis on supporting scientifi c research, cooperation of farmers, effective co-operation between private and state concerns and a new type of synthesis of agriculture and countryside.</abstract>
  <keywords>versenykÃƒÂ©pessÃƒÂ©g, vÃƒÂ¡ltozÃƒÂ³ kÃƒÂ¶rnyezet, termelÃƒÂ©si szerkezet, agrÃƒÂ¡rstratÃƒÂ©gia, komplex megoldÃƒÂ¡s, competitiveness, changing circumstance, production structure, agricultural strategy, complex solution, Agribusiness, Agricultural and Food Policy, International Relations/Trade,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>6</issue>
   <issuedate>2008</issuedate>
   <volume>52</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/58896</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Csaki, Csaba</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:57740</identifier><datestamp>2010-03-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:57740">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>A mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi ÃƒÂ¼zem fogalmÃƒÂ¡nak vÃƒÂ¡ltozÃƒÂ¡sa</title>
  <abstract>A kÃƒÂ¶znyelvben ÃƒÂ¼zemnek nevezik azt a helyet, ÃƒÂ©pÃƒÂ¼letet, melyben valamilyen gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi egysÃƒÂ©g tevÃƒÂ©kenykedik, illetve valamilyen termelÃ…Â‘ tevÃƒÂ©kenysÃƒÂ©get folytatnak. Az EU tanÃƒÂ¡csi ÃƒÂ©s bizottsÃƒÂ¡gi jogrendszere viszont az ÃƒÂ¼zemet az ÃƒÂ¼zemtulajdonosok ÃƒÂ¡ltal igazgatott termelÃ…Â‘egysÃƒÂ©gkÃƒÂ©nt definiÃƒÂ¡lja. Az angolszÃƒÂ¡sz orszÃƒÂ¡gokban a farm elnevezÃƒÂ©st hasznÃƒÂ¡ljÃƒÂ¡k, amely bÃƒÂ¡rmilyen tÃƒÂ­pusÃƒÂº mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi ÃƒÂ¼zem, vÃƒÂ¡llalat lehet (family farm: csalÃƒÂ¡di gazdasÃƒÂ¡g, cooperative farm: mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi szÃƒÂ¶vetkezet, large-scale farm: nagyÃƒÂ¼zem, small-scale farm: kisÃƒÂ¼zem stb.). VÃƒÂ©lemÃƒÂ©nyÃƒÂ¼nk szerint az ÃƒÂ¼zem fogalma alatt magÃƒÂ¡t a gazdÃƒÂ¡lkodÃƒÂ³ egysÃƒÂ©get cÃƒÂ©lszerÃ…Â± ÃƒÂ©rteni, fÃƒÂ¼ggetlenÃƒÂ¼l annak jogi formÃƒÂ¡jÃƒÂ¡tÃƒÂ³l, mÃƒÂ©retÃƒÂ©tÃ…Â‘l. Az ÃƒÂ¼zem mellett szinonim fogalomkÃƒÂ©nt lehet alkalmazni a gazdasÃƒÂ¡g, vagy a mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi vÃƒÂ¡llalkozÃƒÂ¡s, illetÃ…Â‘leg vÃƒÂ¡llalat kifejezÃƒÂ©seket is, az utÃƒÂ³bbiakat termÃƒÂ©szetesen szÃ…Â±kebb ÃƒÂ©rtelemben. Az ÃƒÂºjjÃƒÂ¡szÃƒÂ¼letett birtok fogalma kevÃƒÂ©sbÃƒÂ© a termelÃƒÂ©st, a termelÃ…Â‘eszkÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶k mÃ…Â±kÃƒÂ¶dtetÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©t, inkÃƒÂ¡bb a tulajdonlÃƒÂ¡st fejezi ki. - In everyday language, the place or building where some kind of agricultural concern operates and carries out some sort of production activity, is called a Ã¢Â€Â˜farmÃ¢Â€Â™. The legal system of the EU Council and Commission, however, defines a Ã¢Â€Â˜farmÃ¢Â€Â™ as a production unit directed by the unitÃ¢Â€Â™s owner. In Anglo-Saxon countries they use the term Ã¢Â€Â˜farmÃ¢Â€Â™ to denote any type of agricultural concern or business (a family farm, co-operative farm, large-scale farm, small-scale farm, etc.). In our opinion, it makes sense to consider the economic unit itself under the definition of Ã¢Â€Â˜farmÃ¢Â€Â™, irrespective of its legal form or size. Alongside the word Ã¢Â€Â˜farmÃ¢Â€Â™, the expressions small-holding and agricultural enterprise or business could be used as synonyms, the latter obviously in a narrower sense. The reincarnated term Ã¢Â€Â˜estateÃ¢Â€Â™ expresses ownership rather than production and the operation of the tools of production.</abstract>
  <keywords>ÃƒÂ¼zem, ÃƒÂ¼zemtan, vÃƒÂ¡llalat, vÃƒÂ¡llalkozÃƒÂ¡s, birtok, farm, farm studies, business, enterprise, estate, Agribusiness, Farm Management, Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>2</issue>
   <issuedate>2008</issuedate>
   <volume>52</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/57740</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Szekely, Csaba</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Takacs-Gyorgy, Katalin</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:58590</identifier><datestamp>2010-03-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:58590">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>Az agrÃƒÂ¡rtÃƒÂ¡mogatÃƒÂ¡sok hasznosulÃƒÂ¡sa a gazdÃƒÂ¡lkodÃƒÂ³i jÃƒÂ¶vedelmekben</title>
  <abstract>Az agrÃƒÂ¡rpolitika kiemelt cÃƒÂ©ljai kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ© tartozik az agrÃƒÂ¡rtÃƒÂ¡mogatÃƒÂ¡sok hasznosulÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡nak nÃƒÂ¶velÃƒÂ©se abban az ÃƒÂ©rtelemben, hogy a kÃƒÂ¶zvetlen tÃƒÂ¡mogatÃƒÂ¡sok az eredeti kedvezmÃƒÂ©nyezettek, a mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi termelÃ…Â‘k jÃƒÂ¶vedelmi helyzetÃƒÂ©t javÃƒÂ­tsÃƒÂ¡k ÃƒÂ©s ne a termÃƒÂ©kpÃƒÂ¡lya mÃƒÂ¡s szereplÃ…Â‘inÃƒÂ©l kÃƒÂ¶ssenek ki. A termelÃ…Â‘k jÃƒÂ¶vedelmÃƒÂ©re azok a tÃƒÂ¡mogatÃƒÂ¡sformÃƒÂ¡k gyakoroljÃƒÂ¡k a legkedvezÃ…Â‘bb hatÃƒÂ¡st, amelyek a legkevÃƒÂ©sbÃƒÂ© befolyÃƒÂ¡soljÃƒÂ¡k a piaci keresleti-kÃƒÂ­nÃƒÂ¡lati viszonyokat. Ennek tudatÃƒÂ¡ban az elmÃƒÂºlt idÃ…Â‘szakban az EurÃƒÂ³pai UniÃƒÂ³ egÃƒÂ©szÃƒÂ©ben megfigyelhetÃ…Â‘, hogy a leginkÃƒÂ¡bb piactorzÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ³ hatÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂº tÃƒÂ¡mogatÃƒÂ¡stÃƒÂ­pusok (a termÃƒÂ©kkibocsÃƒÂ¡tÃƒÂ¡son, valamint a vÃƒÂ¡ltozÃƒÂ³ inputokon alapulÃƒÂ³ tÃƒÂ¡mogatÃƒÂ¡sok) arÃƒÂ¡nya lecsÃƒÂ¶kkent. Ezzel szemben a piacot kevÃƒÂ©sbÃƒÂ© befolyÃƒÂ¡solÃƒÂ³, a termelÃƒÂ©stÃ…Â‘l elvÃƒÂ¡lasztott (termelÃƒÂ©si kÃƒÂ¶telezettsÃƒÂ©ggel nem jÃƒÂ¡rÃƒÂ³) tÃƒÂ¡mogatÃƒÂ¡sok rÃƒÂ©szarÃƒÂ¡nya megnÃ…Â‘tt. Ez a tendencia MagyarorszÃƒÂ¡gon is megfigyelhetÃ…Â‘ volt, de a helyzet ÃƒÂ­gy sem teljesen kielÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ­tÃ…Â‘. SzÃƒÂ¡mÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡saink szerint a 2006. ÃƒÂ©vi kÃƒÂ¶zvetlen agrÃƒÂ¡rtÃƒÂ¡mogatÃƒÂ¡soknak mindÃƒÂ¶ssze 52%-a gyarapÃƒÂ­totta a mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi vÃƒÂ¡llalkozÃƒÂ¡sok jÃƒÂ¶vedelmÃƒÂ©t. A legjobb hasznosulÃƒÂ¡st (62%) a termelÃƒÂ©srÃ…Â‘l levÃƒÂ¡lasztott, termelÃƒÂ©si kÃƒÂ¶telezettsÃƒÂ©get nem jelentÃ…Â‘ SAPS-tÃƒÂ¡mogatÃƒÂ¡s tudta felmutatni. --------------------------- Increasing the beneficial effects of agricultural subsidies is one of the main aims of agricultural policy, in the sense of direct subsidies improving the income situation of the original beneficiaries Ã¢Â€Â“ agricultural producers Ã¢Â€Â“ rather than going to other actors in the product path. The most beneficial effect on producersÃ¢Â€Â™ income is achieved by those forms of subsidy that exert the least influence on the marketÃ¢Â€Â™s supply and demand relationship. Knowing this, it can be seen that the proportion of subsidy types which most distort the market (subsidies based on product output and variable inputs), has decreased recently throughout the European Union. In contrast, the share of subsidies divorced from production, which influence the market to a lesser degree, has grown. This tendency can also be observed in Hungary, although this does not give a complete picture of the situation. According to our calculations only 52% of direct agricultural subsidies in 2006 actually increased the income of agricultural enterprises. SAPS subsidies, which are divorced from production and include no production obligation, proved to be the most beneficial (62%).</abstract>
  <keywords>agrÃƒÂ¡rtÃƒÂ¡mogatÃƒÂ¡sok, tÃƒÂ¡mogatÃƒÂ¡s-hatÃƒÂ©konysÃƒÂ¡g, jÃƒÂ¶vedelemnÃƒÂ¶vekedÃƒÂ©s, adÃƒÂ³fizetÃ…Â‘i ÃƒÂ©s fogyasztÃƒÂ³i kÃƒÂ¶ltsÃƒÂ©gek, agricultural subsidies, subsidy effectiveness, growth in income, tax-payer and consumer expenses, Agricultural and Food Policy, Agricultural Finance,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>3</issue>
   <issuedate>2008</issuedate>
   <volume>52</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/58590</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Kovacs, Gabor</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:58596</identifier><datestamp>2010-03-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:58596">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>MegÃƒÂºjulÃƒÂ¡si kÃƒÂ©nyszerhelyzet az agrÃƒÂ¡r-felsÃ…Â‘oktatÃƒÂ¡sban</title>
  <abstract>A tÃƒÂ¡rsadalom helyzete gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi teljesÃƒÂ­tÃ…Â‘kÃƒÂ©pessÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©n nyugszik. EzÃƒÂ©rt olyan ÃƒÂ©rdekrendszer szÃƒÂ¼ksÃƒÂ©ges, amely minden szinten Ã¢Â€Â“ ÃƒÂ¡llami irÃƒÂ¡nyÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡s, intÃƒÂ©zmÃƒÂ©ny, egyÃƒÂ©n, gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi, tÃƒÂ¡rsadalmi szervezetek stb. Ã¢Â€Â“ megkÃƒÂ­vÃƒÂ¡nja a konstruktÃƒÂ­v hozzÃƒÂ¡ÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ¡st. KitÃ…Â‘l vÃƒÂ¡rhatja az agrÃƒÂ¡rtÃƒÂ¡rsadalom a megvÃƒÂ¡ltÃƒÂ³ ÃƒÂ¶tleteket, ha nem az egyetemektÃ…Â‘l? Ahhoz viszont, hogy a szakemberek meg tudjanak felelni a holnap elvÃƒÂ¡rÃƒÂ¡sainak, az egyetemi kÃƒÂ©pzÃƒÂ©st mÃƒÂ¡r ma korszerÃ…Â±sÃƒÂ­teni, nemzetkÃƒÂ¶zi szÃƒÂ­nvonalÃƒÂºvÃƒÂ¡ szÃƒÂ¼ksÃƒÂ©ges tenni. A tÃƒÂ©nyleges tÃƒÂ¡rsadalmi igÃƒÂ©nyeknek megfelelÃ…Â‘ szakember-kibocsÃƒÂ¡tÃƒÂ³ kapacitÃƒÂ¡s ÃƒÂ©s a hatÃƒÂ©konysÃƒÂ¡got szolgÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ³ intÃƒÂ©zmÃƒÂ©nyi szerkezet kialakÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sa indokolt. TermÃƒÂ©szetesen folytathatÃƒÂ³ az elnapolÃƒÂ¡si gyakorlat is, csakhogy a jelen tevÃƒÂ©kenysÃƒÂ©ge adottsÃƒÂ¡gkÃƒÂ©nt jelentkezik mÃƒÂ¡r a kÃƒÂ¶zeljÃƒÂ¶vÃ…Â‘ben. Nem tÃƒÂ©veszthetÃ…Â‘ szem elÃ…Â‘l, hogy a mindenkori gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi helyzetek nem sorscsapÃƒÂ¡skÃƒÂ©nt, vagy a vÃƒÂ©letlen ajÃƒÂ¡ndÃƒÂ©kakÃƒÂ©nt jÃƒÂ¶nnek lÃƒÂ©tre. A gazda gondossÃƒÂ¡ga a termÃƒÂ©sben mutatkozik meg, ami vagy ÃƒÂ¶rÃƒÂ¶mre, vagy magyarÃƒÂ¡zkodÃƒÂ¡sra ad okot, de mindenkÃƒÂ©ppen minÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ­t. --------------------- A societyÃ¢Â€Â™s situation depends on the productivity of its economy. Therefore, an interest system is needed that requires a constructive attitude at every level: state direction, institutional, individual, economic, social organisations, etc. From whom can agricultural society expect redeeming ideas if not from the universities? In order for the experts to be able to meet tomorrowÃ¢Â€Â™s expectations, university training needs to be modernised and raised to an international standard today, although in an structured manner. The capacity to produce the number of experts that society actually requires, and the development of an institutional structure that furthers effectiveness, are both required. Naturally, the practice of postponing things can also be continued, except that present-day actions become future characteristics. We should not lose sight of the fact that a given economic situation does not arise either as a stroke of fate nor as the gift of mere chance. The care taken by a farmer shows in his produce, giving rise to either happiness or excuses, but in either case it serves as a qualification.</abstract>
  <keywords>agrÃƒÂ¡rszfÃƒÂ©ra, felsÃ…Â‘oktatÃƒÂ¡s, gazdasÃƒÂ¡g, tÃƒÂ¡rsadalom, szakember, agricultural sphere, higher education, economy, society, expert, Labor and Human Capital, Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>3</issue>
   <issuedate>2008</issuedate>
   <volume>52</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/58596</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Kovacs, Janos</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:57717</identifier><datestamp>2010-03-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:57717">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>A HAZAI MEZÃ…ÂGAZDASÃƒÂGI VÃƒÂLLALKOZÃƒÂSOK MENEDZSMENTJE EURÃƒÂ“PAI ÃƒÂ–SSZEHASONLÃƒÂTÃƒÂSBAN</title>
  <abstract>Az EurÃƒÂ³pai UniÃƒÂ³ versenykÃƒÂ¶rnyezete a mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi vÃƒÂ¡llalkozÃƒÂ¡sok gazdÃƒÂ¡lkodÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡nak szÃƒÂ­nvonalÃƒÂ¡t tekintve is megkÃƒÂ¶zelÃƒÂ­tÃ…Â‘en azonos feltÃƒÂ©teleket kÃƒÂ­vÃƒÂ¡n meg az egyes orszÃƒÂ¡gok gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi szereplÃ…Â‘itÃ…Â‘l. Ebben a tekintetben a magyar gazdasÃƒÂ¡gok Ã¢Â€Â“ rÃƒÂ¶vid, mÃƒÂ¡sfÃƒÂ©l ÃƒÂ©vtizedes mÃƒÂºltjuk kÃƒÂ¶vetkeztÃƒÂ©ben Ã¢Â€Â“ sok szempontbÃƒÂ³l hÃƒÂ¡trÃƒÂ¡nyosabb helyzetÃ…Â±ek a rÃƒÂ©gebbi tagÃƒÂ¡llamok gazdasÃƒÂ¡gaihoz, ÃƒÂ©s rÃƒÂ©szben az egy idÃ…Â‘ben csatlakozott orszÃƒÂ¡gok mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi vÃƒÂ¡llalkozÃƒÂ¡saihoz kÃƒÂ©pest, annak ellenÃƒÂ©re, hogy a Ã¢Â€ÂžnagyÃƒÂ¼zemiÃ¢Â€Â gazdÃƒÂ¡lkodÃƒÂ¡s idÃ…Â‘szakÃƒÂ¡ban mÃƒÂ©g sok helyen mintÃƒÂ¡nak tekintettÃƒÂ©k mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi ÃƒÂ¼zemeink gazdÃƒÂ¡lkodÃƒÂ¡si, szervezÃƒÂ©si gyakorlatÃƒÂ¡t. A tervezÃƒÂ©s, szervezÃƒÂ©s, gazdÃƒÂ¡lkodÃƒÂ¡s magas szÃƒÂ­nvonala a mÃƒÂºltban gyÃƒÂ¶kerezett ÃƒÂ©s folyamatosan megÃƒÂºjult: tÃƒÂ¶bb ÃƒÂ©vszÃƒÂ¡zadra vezethetÃ…Â‘ vissza a gazdÃƒÂ¡lkodÃƒÂ¡ssal foglalkozÃƒÂ³ tudomÃƒÂ¡ny, a mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi ÃƒÂ¼zemtan, amelynek neves hazai kÃƒÂ©pviselÃ…Â‘i gondoskodtak a tudomÃƒÂ¡nyfejlesztÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©rÃ…Â‘l ÃƒÂ©s gyakorlati elterjesztÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©rÃ…Â‘l. Egy a kÃƒÂ¶zelmÃƒÂºltban elvÃƒÂ©gzett nemzetkÃƒÂ¶zi felmÃƒÂ©rÃƒÂ©s ÃƒÂ©s vizsgÃƒÂ¡lat1 eredmÃƒÂ©nyei mÃƒÂ©gis riasztÃƒÂ³ kÃƒÂ©pet festenek a magyar mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi vÃƒÂ¡llalkozÃƒÂ¡sok menedzselÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©rÃ…Â‘l, gazdÃƒÂ¡lkodÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡rÃƒÂ³l. Az EU tagorszÃƒÂ¡gok mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi kockÃƒÂ¡zat menedzsmentmÃƒÂ³dszereinek korszerÃ…Â±sÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©re irÃƒÂ¡nyulÃƒÂ³ kutatÃƒÂ¡sban a szerzÃ…Â‘k Ã¢Â€Â“ a kockÃƒÂ¡zatkezelÃƒÂ©s mÃƒÂ³dszerei kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶tt Ã¢Â€Â“ olyan kÃƒÂ©rdÃƒÂ©sekre is vÃƒÂ¡laszokat vÃƒÂ¡rtak, amelyek a gazdÃƒÂ¡lkodÃƒÂ³k tervezÃƒÂ©si, szervezÃƒÂ©si, marketing ÃƒÂ©s finanszÃƒÂ­rozÃƒÂ¡si gyakorlatÃƒÂ¡ra vonatkoztak. Az ÃƒÂ¶sszehasonlÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sban ugyan csak ÃƒÂ¶t tagorszÃƒÂ¡g (Hollandia, LengyelorszÃƒÂ¡g, MagyarorszÃƒÂ¡g, NÃƒÂ©metorszÃƒÂ¡g, SpanyolorszÃƒÂ¡g) 200-200 gazdasÃƒÂ¡gÃƒÂ¡nak rÃƒÂ©szletes kÃƒÂ©rdÃ…Â‘ÃƒÂ­ves felmÃƒÂ©rÃƒÂ©se tÃƒÂ¶rtÃƒÂ©nt meg, mÃƒÂ©gis szÃƒÂ¡mos tanulsÃƒÂ¡ggal szolgÃƒÂ¡lhat a gazdÃƒÂ¡lkodÃƒÂ¡si szÃƒÂ­nvonalra vonatkozÃƒÂ³ kÃƒÂ©rdÃƒÂ©sek kiÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kelÃƒÂ©se, elemzÃƒÂ©se. TanulmÃƒÂ¡nyunkat elsÃ…Â‘sorban tÃƒÂ¡jÃƒÂ©koztatÃƒÂ³ kezdemÃƒÂ©nyezÃƒÂ©snek, vitairatnak szÃƒÂ¡njuk, mivel az okok feltÃƒÂ¡rÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡hoz ÃƒÂ©s a felmerÃƒÂ¼lt problÃƒÂ©mÃƒÂ¡k megoldÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡hoz sok, a szakmÃƒÂ¡ban, a gyakorlatban, a kutatÃƒÂ¡sban ÃƒÂ©s az oktatÃƒÂ¡sban tevÃƒÂ©kenykedÃ…Â‘ szakember vÃƒÂ©lemÃƒÂ©nyÃƒÂ©nek megismerÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©re, kÃƒÂ¶vetkeztetÃƒÂ©seire ÃƒÂ©s javaslataira van szÃƒÂ¼ksÃƒÂ©g. A felmÃƒÂ©rÃƒÂ©s az adott orszÃƒÂ¡g mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi vÃƒÂ¡llalkozÃƒÂ³inak, farmereinek csak egy jÃƒÂ³l meghatÃƒÂ¡rozhatÃƒÂ³, de ugyanakkor fontosnak tekinthetÃ…Â‘ kÃƒÂ¶rÃƒÂ©t ÃƒÂ©rintette. Nem kerÃƒÂ¼ltek be a vizsgÃƒÂ¡latba a megÃƒÂ©lhetÃƒÂ©si szint alatti, illetÃ…Â‘leg a mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi tevÃƒÂ©kenysÃƒÂ©get feltehetÃ…Â‘en kÃƒÂ©nyszerbÃ…Â‘l vÃƒÂ¡lasztÃƒÂ³ gazdÃƒÂ¡lkodÃƒÂ³k. Ennek ellenÃƒÂ©re olyan ÃƒÂ¶sszefÃƒÂ¼ggÃƒÂ©sek kerÃƒÂ¼ltek szÃƒÂ¡mszerÃ…Â±sÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©sre, amelyek legalÃƒÂ¡bbis megkÃƒÂ©rdÃ…Â‘jelezik a hazai mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi vÃƒÂ¡llalkozÃƒÂ¡sok gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi versenykÃƒÂ©pessÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©t. (MÃƒÂ©g akkor is, ha az ÃƒÂ¡tlagszÃƒÂ¡mok mÃƒÂ¶gÃƒÂ¶tt elÃƒÂ©g jelentÃ…Â‘s eltÃƒÂ©rÃƒÂ©sek, szÃƒÂ³rÃƒÂ³dÃƒÂ¡s tapasztalhatÃƒÂ³.) Ez a kritika mind a gazdÃƒÂ¡lkodÃƒÂ³k felkÃƒÂ©szÃƒÂ¼ltsÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©re, a menedzsmentmunka szÃƒÂ­nvonalÃƒÂ¡ra, mind pedig a nemzeti intÃƒÂ©zmÃƒÂ©nyek mÃ…Â±kÃƒÂ¶dÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©nek hatÃƒÂ©konysÃƒÂ¡gÃƒÂ¡ra vonatkozik. A hazai gazdÃƒÂ¡lkodÃƒÂ³k mÃƒÂ©g nem ÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©keltÃƒÂ©k ÃƒÂ¡t egÃƒÂ©szen a korÃƒÂ¡bbi gyakorlatot: a piac rezdÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ©seinek, tendenciÃƒÂ¡inak alapos ismerete ÃƒÂ©s figyelembe vÃƒÂ©tele nÃƒÂ©lkÃƒÂ¼l ma mÃƒÂ¡r nem lehet mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi tevÃƒÂ©kenysÃƒÂ©get folytatni. A termelÃƒÂ©si struktÃƒÂºrÃƒÂ¡t, a fajtÃƒÂ¡kat, a technolÃƒÂ³giÃƒÂ¡t, a termÃƒÂ©kek minÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©t, az egyÃƒÂ¼ttmÃ…Â±kÃƒÂ¶dÃƒÂ©sek rendszerÃƒÂ©t folyamatosan vizsgÃƒÂ¡lni szÃƒÂ¼ksÃƒÂ©ges, ÃƒÂ©s a termelÃƒÂ©si programokat a vÃƒÂ¡ltozÃƒÂ³ feltÃƒÂ©teleknek megfelelÃ…Â‘en cÃƒÂ©lszerÃ…Â± mÃƒÂ³dosÃƒÂ­tani. Ennek legfÃ…Â‘bb eszkÃƒÂ¶ze a tervezÃƒÂ©s, illetÃ…Â‘leg a megfelelÃ…Â‘ stratÃƒÂ©giÃƒÂ¡k kidolgozÃƒÂ¡sa. Ennek rÃƒÂ©sze az ÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kesÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©srÃ…Â‘l, az ÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kesÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©si csatornÃƒÂ¡krÃƒÂ³l valÃƒÂ³ dÃƒÂ¶ntÃƒÂ©s, ami a mai versenykÃƒÂ¶rÃƒÂ¼lmÃƒÂ©nyek kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶tt egyre kevÃƒÂ©sbÃƒÂ© kÃƒÂ©pzelhetÃ…Â‘ el csak egyÃƒÂ©ni kezdemÃƒÂ©nyezÃƒÂ©sekkel. Ugyancsak a hagyomÃƒÂ¡nyokhoz valÃƒÂ³ ragaszkodÃƒÂ¡sra utal a gazdasÃƒÂ¡gok finanszÃƒÂ­rozÃƒÂ¡si gyakorlata, a sajÃƒÂ¡t forrÃƒÂ¡sok kiemelt szerepe. Ennek megvÃƒÂ¡ltoztatÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡hoz ugyanakkor a hitelhez valÃƒÂ³ jutÃƒÂ¡s feltÃƒÂ©telrendszerÃƒÂ©t is lÃƒÂ©nyegesen javÃƒÂ­tani kellene. Mindezek a vÃƒÂ¡ltozÃƒÂ¡sok elkÃƒÂ©pzelhetetlenek jobb kÃƒÂ©pzettsÃƒÂ©g, korszerÃ…Â± szakismeretek, aktuÃƒÂ¡lis informÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³k megszerzÃƒÂ©se nÃƒÂ©lkÃƒÂ¼l. A megszerzett tudÃƒÂ¡s gyorsan elÃƒÂ©vÃƒÂ¼l, ÃƒÂ©s azt nem pÃƒÂ³tolhatjÃƒÂ¡k az ÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kes gyakorlati tapasztalatok sem. A mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi ÃƒÂ¡gazat irÃƒÂ¡nyÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sa sem tett meg mindent az utÃƒÂ³bbi ÃƒÂ©vtizedekben a megfelelÃ…Â‘bb gazdÃƒÂ¡lkodÃƒÂ¡si feltÃƒÂ©telek megteremtÃƒÂ©se ÃƒÂ©rdekÃƒÂ©ben. A rendszervÃƒÂ¡ltÃƒÂ¡st kÃƒÂ¶vetÃ…Â‘ agrÃƒÂ¡rÃƒÂ¡talakulÃƒÂ¡st elsÃ…Â‘sorban politikai szempontoknak rendeltÃƒÂ©k alÃƒÂ¡, aminek kÃƒÂ¶vetkeztÃƒÂ©ben ÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kes kapacitÃƒÂ¡sok (tÃƒÂ¶bbek kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶tt humÃƒÂ¡n erÃ…Â‘forrÃƒÂ¡s), vagyonok ÃƒÂ©s lehetÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©gek mentek veszendÃ…Â‘be. Az egymÃƒÂ¡st kÃƒÂ¶vetÃ…Â‘ kormÃƒÂ¡nyok nem kÃƒÂ¶vettek vilÃƒÂ¡gos, egy irÃƒÂ¡nyba mutatÃƒÂ³ agrÃƒÂ¡rpolitikÃƒÂ¡t, ezÃƒÂ©rt a gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi szereplÃ…Â‘k szinte mindvÃƒÂ©gig bizonytalansÃƒÂ¡gban ÃƒÂ©reztÃƒÂ©k magukat. Az EU csatlakozÃƒÂ¡sra valÃƒÂ³ felkÃƒÂ©szÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ©s hibÃƒÂ¡kkal ÃƒÂ©s mulasztÃƒÂ¡sokkal volt terhes, rÃƒÂ¡adÃƒÂ¡sul a csatlakozÃƒÂ¡s elÃ…Â‘tti idÃ…Â‘szakban hirtelen irÃƒÂ¡nyvÃƒÂ¡ltÃƒÂ¡sok is tÃƒÂ¶rtÃƒÂ©ntek. A nemzeti agrÃƒÂ¡rirÃƒÂ¡nyÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡s gyorsan elhitette, hogy a fontos gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi dÃƒÂ¶ntÃƒÂ©sek BrÃƒÂ¼sszelben dÃ…Â‘lnek el, ezÃƒÂ©rt a dÃƒÂ¶ntÃƒÂ©sek kÃƒÂ¶zvetÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©n, az elÃ…Â‘ÃƒÂ­rÃƒÂ¡sok betartatÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡n ÃƒÂ©s az intÃƒÂ©zmÃƒÂ©nyrendszer gyors leÃƒÂ©pÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©n kÃƒÂ­vÃƒÂ¼l szinte nincs mÃƒÂ¡s teendÃ…Â‘jÃƒÂ¼k. Az oktatÃƒÂ¡si ÃƒÂ©s kutatÃƒÂ¡si intÃƒÂ©zmÃƒÂ©nyek defenzÃƒÂ­vÃƒÂ¡ba szorultak: a nemzetkÃƒÂ¶zileg is egyedÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ³an nagyszÃƒÂ¡mÃƒÂº agrÃƒÂ¡r-felsÃ…Â‘oktatÃƒÂ¡si ÃƒÂ©s kutatÃƒÂ¡si intÃƒÂ©zmÃƒÂ©ny fokozatosan ÃƒÂ¡tprofilÃƒÂ­rozta magÃƒÂ¡t, rÃƒÂ¡adÃƒÂ¡sul a vÃƒÂ©gzett hallgatÃƒÂ³k egyre nagyobb szÃƒÂ¡mban helyezkednek el a mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡gtÃƒÂ³l biztonsÃƒÂ¡gos tÃƒÂ¡volsÃƒÂ¡gban lÃƒÂ©vÃ…Â‘ munkahelyeken. A kÃƒÂ©pzÃƒÂ©si rendszer ÃƒÂ¡talakÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sa, az ÃƒÂºgynevezett Bologna-folyamat sem hozott ebben vÃƒÂ¡ltozÃƒÂ¡st: a korÃƒÂ¡bbi vÃƒÂ¡llalatgazdasÃƒÂ¡gi tÃƒÂ­pusÃƒÂº kÃƒÂ©pzÃƒÂ©s eltÃ…Â±nt a kÃƒÂ©pzÃƒÂ©si palettÃƒÂ¡rÃƒÂ³l, ÃƒÂ©s ma mÃƒÂ¡r csak vidÃƒÂ©kfejlesztÃ…Â‘ agrÃƒÂ¡rmÃƒÂ©rnÃƒÂ¶kkÃƒÂ©nt lehet vÃƒÂ©gezni alapszinten. Az ÃƒÂ¡ltalÃƒÂ¡nos gazdÃƒÂ¡lkodÃƒÂ¡s ÃƒÂ©s menedzsment szakon vÃƒÂ©gzettektÃ…Â‘l Ã¢Â€Â“ mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi ismeretek hiÃƒÂ¡nyÃƒÂ¡ban Ã¢Â€Â“ nem vÃƒÂ¡rhatÃƒÂ³ el, hogy a mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi vÃƒÂ¡llalkozÃƒÂ¡sokat erÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ­tsÃƒÂ©k. A vizsgÃƒÂ¡latok eredmÃƒÂ©nyei azokat a vÃƒÂ©lekedÃƒÂ©seket erÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ­tik, hogy a magyar mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡g rendszerÃƒÂ©nek egÃƒÂ©sze jelentÃ…Â‘s korrekciÃƒÂ³ra szorul. A tovÃƒÂ¡bbra is nÃƒÂ©lkÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¶zhetetlen (ÃƒÂ©s hiÃƒÂ¡nyzÃƒÂ³) nemzeti agrÃƒÂ¡rstratÃƒÂ©gia kidolgozÃƒÂ¡sa mellett az intÃƒÂ©zmÃƒÂ©nyrendszer ÃƒÂ¡talakÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡nÃƒÂ¡l ÃƒÂ©rzÃƒÂ©kenyebben kellene figyelni a mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡g sajÃƒÂ¡tossÃƒÂ¡gaira. TovÃƒÂ¡bbra is fontos egy megfelelÃ…Â‘en mÃ…Â±kÃƒÂ¶dÃ…Â‘ ÃƒÂ©s szakmai szempontokat figyelembe vevÃ…Â‘ szaktanÃƒÂ¡csadÃƒÂ¡si rendszer kialakÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sa, a szakmai tovÃƒÂ¡bbkÃƒÂ©pzÃƒÂ©s lehetÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©nek elÃ…Â‘segÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©se. A kÃƒÂ©pzÃƒÂ©st a tÃƒÂ©nyleges igÃƒÂ©nyekhez indokolt igazÃƒÂ­tani, ami elsÃ…Â‘sorban a szakkÃƒÂ©pzÃƒÂ©sek ÃƒÂ©s a gazdÃƒÂ¡lkodÃƒÂ¡si-menedzsment ismeretek szerepÃƒÂ©nek nÃƒÂ¶velÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©t kell, hogy jelentse. Az informÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³hoz valÃƒÂ³ hozzÃƒÂ¡jutÃƒÂ¡sban, mÃƒÂ¡s orszÃƒÂ¡gokhoz hasonlÃƒÂ³an, fokozottan kellene segÃƒÂ­teni a vidÃƒÂ©ki tÃƒÂ©rsÃƒÂ©geket, amelyek ÃƒÂ¼zleti szempontok miatt kevÃƒÂ©sbÃƒÂ© jutnak hozzÃƒÂ¡ e lehetÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©gekhez. A finanszÃƒÂ­rozÃƒÂ¡s terÃƒÂ¼letÃƒÂ©n is sok a teendÃ…Â‘, csakÃƒÂºgy mint a kooperÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³val kapcsolatos felfogÃƒÂ¡s radikÃƒÂ¡lis megvÃƒÂ¡ltoztatÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡val, annak tÃƒÂ¡mogatÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡val kapcsolatosan. - Domestic farmers have not yet wholly re-assessed their past working practices: in these days no one can carry on practicing agricultural operations without being aware of the slightest tendencies and movements in markets. Production structure, species, technology, produce quality, cooperation structure all need to be continually monitored and production programs have to be modified according to changing conditions. For this planning is the best instrument, that is the development of appropriate strategies. Decisions about marketing and merchandising outlets are a part of planning and it is increasingly difficult to imagine that in the present competitive environment these can be made by individual farmers. The prevailing practice of farms financing, that is an emphasis on self financing, also indicate a firm adherence to traditions. Changing this practice would require a significant improvement of credit conditions. None of these reforms can be achieved without better training, up-to-date skills and levels of information. Acquired skills may quickly fade and even valuable practical experience cannot compensate for out of date skills. The political management of agricultural sector in the past decades did less than everything for the maintenance of adequate conditions for farming. The reforms following the change of political regime were subjected to political ideas that lead to losses in valuable capacities (human resources amongst others), resources and opportunities. Subsequent governments did not put forward consistent, unambiguous agricultural policies, therefore entrepreneurs in the farming sector felt a lack of security all the time. Many mistakes and omissions were made during the period of preparation for EU membership, towards the end of which some policies were even suddenly reversed. National agricultural policy makers have quickly adopted a belief that all important economic decisions are made in Brussels, therefore they have no other task than communicating decisions, policing directives and a rapid dismantling national institutions. Educational and research establishments found themselves also on the defensive: many internationally unique agricultural university departments and research institutes reprofiled their activities and their graduates in increasing numbers found jobs in workplaces securely away from agriculture. The transformation of training system according to the so called Bologna process did not bring about the desirable change either: earlier training programs such as for company economists disappeared altogether, leaving just a basic agricultural engineering for land development as the sole available program. Graduates of general farming and farm management without much agricultural science training cannot be expected to be of much help for agricultural enterprises. The outcome of our investigations reinforces the opinion that a very significant part of the Hungarian farming system needs to be corrected. Apart from initiating an essential (and lacking) national agricultural strategy, it will be necessary to observe more sensitively the peculiarities of agriculture when reforming the institutional system. The establishment of a system of adequately functioning consultancies for advising in technical and scientific matters and facilitating further professional training is still an important task. Training should be organised according to actual requirements, enhancing primarily professional and farm management skills. As in other states country areas poorly served due to business considerations should be aided in acquiring information. There is also a lot to do in the field of financing as well as in changing attitudes concerning the concept of cooperation and its support.</abstract>
  <keywords>menedzsment, gazdÃƒÂ¡lkodÃƒÂ¡s, finanszÃƒÂ­rozÃƒÂ¡s, kooperÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³, EU ÃƒÂ¶sszehasonlÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡smanagement, economics, finance, cooperation, EU comparisons, Agribusiness, Farm Management, Risk and Uncertainty,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>6</issue>
   <issuedate>2007</issuedate>
   <volume>51</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/57717</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Szekely, Csaba</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Palinkas, Peter</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:57646</identifier><datestamp>2010-03-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:57646">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>EGYÃƒÂœTTMÃ…Â°KÃƒÂ–DÃƒÂ‰S A GABONAÃƒÂGAZATBAN A DÃƒÂ‰L-ALFÃƒÂ–LD RÃƒÂ‰GIÃƒÂ“BAN</title>
  <abstract>KÃƒÂ©rdÃ…Â‘ÃƒÂ­v segÃƒÂ­tsÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©vel meghatÃƒÂ¡roztuk a gabonaÃƒÂ¡gazat dÃƒÂ©l-alfÃƒÂ¶ldi szereplÃ…Â‘inek egymÃƒÂ¡shoz fÃ…Â±zÃ…Â‘dÃ…Â‘ viszonyainak jellegÃƒÂ©t, szorossÃƒÂ¡gÃƒÂ¡t. MegÃƒÂ¡llapÃƒÂ­thatÃƒÂ³, hogy a ga-bonaÃƒÂ¡gazatban lÃƒÂ©tezik a fÃƒÂ¶ldrajzi kÃƒÂ¶zelsÃƒÂ©gen alapulÃƒÂ³ egyÃƒÂ¼ttmÃ…Â±kÃƒÂ¶dÃƒÂ©s a DÃƒÂ©l-AlfÃƒÂ¶ldÃƒÂ¶n. Ennek kialakulÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡ban az ÃƒÂ¶kolÃƒÂ³giai adottsÃƒÂ¡gok ÃƒÂ©s a piac a meghatÃƒÂ¡ro-zÃƒÂ³. A vÃƒÂ¡llalatok kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶tti ÃƒÂ¼zleti tranzakciÃƒÂ³k zÃƒÂ¶me formalizÃƒÂ¡lt kapcsolatot jelent, de mÃƒÂ¡r megjelent az igÃƒÂ©ny Ã¢Â€Â“ amely mÃƒÂ¡r bizonyos bizalmi szintet feltÃƒÂ©telez Ã¢Â€Â“ az isme-retek ÃƒÂ©s tudÃƒÂ¡s megosztÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡n alapulÃƒÂ³ egyÃƒÂ¼ttmÃ…Â±kÃƒÂ¶dÃƒÂ©sre is. Az azonos ÃƒÂ¡gazatban tevÃƒÂ©kenykedÃ…Â‘, egymÃƒÂ¡ssal versengÃ…Â‘ cÃƒÂ©gek fÃƒÂ¶ldrajzi kon-centrÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³ja lehetÃ…Â‘vÃƒÂ© teszi a teljesÃƒÂ­tmÃƒÂ©nyek ÃƒÂ¶sszehasonlÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡t. ÃƒÂgy egy-egy ÃƒÂºjabb, hatÃƒÂ©konyabb eljÃƒÂ¡rÃƒÂ¡s gyorsan elterjed a szereplÃ…Â‘k kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶tt, fÃ…Â‘leg a vezetÃ…Â‘ szakÃƒÂ©rtÃ…Â‘k kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶tti informÃƒÂ¡lis (szemÃƒÂ©lyes) kapcsolatokon keresztÃƒÂ¼l, s ezzel jobbak az esÃƒÂ©lyek a kÃƒÂ¶ltsÃƒÂ©gelÃ…Â‘nyÃƒÂ¶k elÃƒÂ©rÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©re ÃƒÂ©s a termelÃƒÂ©s bÃ…Â‘vÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©re. - Using a questionnaire, we determined the nature and strength of the relation-ship binding the actors in the South PlainsÃ¢Â€Â™ cereal sector. It can be said that in the cereal sector cooperation based on geographical proximity exists in the South Plains. Both ecological characteristics and the market are determining factors in this development. The majority of business transactions between companies signify a formalised relationship; however the demand has also appeared Ã¢Â€Â“ presupposing a certain level of trust Ã¢Â€Â“ for cooperation based on the sharing of experience and knowledge. The geographical concentration of companies operating in the same sector and competing with each other makes a comparison of their performance possible. In this way, a new, more efficient process spreads quickly among the actors, particularly via the informal (personal) relationships between leading experts. This increases the likelihood of achieving cost benefits and expanding production.</abstract>
  <keywords>egyÃƒÂ¼ttmÃ…Â±kÃƒÂ¶dÃƒÂ©s, versenykÃƒÂ©pessÃƒÂ©g, gabonaÃƒÂ¡gazat, rÃƒÂ©giÃƒÂ³, piac, cooperation, competitiveness, cereal sector, region, market, Agribusiness, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Public Economics,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>1</issue>
   <issuedate>2007</issuedate>
   <volume>51</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/57646</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Stren, Bertalan</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:57730</identifier><datestamp>2010-03-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:57730">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>A biobrikett mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi elÃ…Â‘ÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sa ÃƒÂ©s felhasznÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡nak lehetÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©gei</title>
  <abstract>A mÃƒÂ¡r bekÃƒÂ¶vetkezett ÃƒÂ©s a jÃƒÂ¶vÃ…Â‘ben is vÃƒÂ¡rhatÃƒÂ³ energiahordozÃƒÂ³ ÃƒÂ¡rvÃƒÂ¡ltozÃƒÂ¡sok kÃƒÂ¶vetkeztÃƒÂ©ben minden bizonnyal nagy kereslet vÃƒÂ¡rhatÃƒÂ³ ezen kÃƒÂ¶rnyezetbarÃƒÂ¡t tÃƒÂ¼zelÃ…Â‘anyag irÃƒÂ¡nt. Egyben a fafeldolgozÃƒÂ¡st vÃƒÂ©gzÃ…Â‘ kis- ÃƒÂ©s kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ©pÃƒÂ¼zemek (elsÃ…Â‘sorban asztalosipari vÃƒÂ¡llalatok, vÃƒÂ¡llalkozÃƒÂ¡sok) a hulladÃƒÂ©k hasznosÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡nak egy ÃƒÂºjabb, jÃƒÂ¶vedelemforrÃƒÂ¡st biztosÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ³ megoldÃƒÂ¡sakÃƒÂ©nt alkalmazhatjÃƒÂ¡k a fahulladÃƒÂ©k brikettÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ³ gÃƒÂ©peket. A brikettgyÃƒÂ¡rtÃƒÂ¡s elterjedÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©re hazÃƒÂ¡nk mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi ÃƒÂ©s ipari adottsÃƒÂ¡gai kivÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ³ak, ÃƒÂ­gy fontos, hogy ÃƒÂ©ljenek az ebben rejlÃ…Â‘ lehetÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©gekkel, kÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¶nÃƒÂ¶sen olyan kÃƒÂ¶rnyezetben, mely megkÃƒÂ¶veteli az ÃƒÂ©sszerÃ…Â± ÃƒÂ©s hatÃƒÂ©kony energiagazdÃƒÂ¡lkodÃƒÂ¡st. - As a result of the fuel price changes that have already taken place and which can be expected in the future, this environmentally-friendly fuel will no doubt be in great demand. At the same time, small and medium-sized wood-working enterprises (in the first instance joinery companies and enterprises) can utilise the machines that turn wood waste into briquettes in a new, income-generating solution. HungaryÃ¢Â€Â™s agricultural and industrial characteristics are exceptional for the spread of briquette manufacturing; therefore, it is important that the most is made of the inherent opportunities, particularly in those environments that demand sensible and efficient energy utilisation.</abstract>
  <keywords>mellÃƒÂ©ktermÃƒÂ©kek, biobrikett, kÃƒÂ¶rnyezeti hatÃƒÂ¡s, felhasznÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ¡si lehetÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©gek, by-product, biobriquette, environmental impact, opportunities for utilisation, Agricultural Finance, Land Economics/Use,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>1</issue>
   <issuedate>2008</issuedate>
   <volume>52</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/57730</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Hagen, Istvan Zsombor</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Magyary, Istvan</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:58933</identifier><datestamp>2010-03-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:58933">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>RELATIONSHIP ATTITUDE OF HUNGARIAN COMPANIES</title>
  <abstract>Companies carrying out their business activities are looking for the key to long term success under constantly changing circumstances and economic conditions. In order to achieve company goals and in order to satisfy the needs of customers, companies are striving for establishing tight and long term relationship with their business partners and further interested parties nowadays . Companies exploring the sources of sustainable competitive advantage recognize that the effectiveness of the traditional marketing approach is decreasing, so there is a need to develop and apply a new and a more efficient marketing concept under these changed circumstances. The results of the survey conducted among Hungarian companies show that relationships play a more and more important role in the Hungarian business environment. In accordance with the suggestions and results of the international literature retaining existing customers is the most important aim of the marketing activity among the participating companies, but unfortunately the answerers most frequently said that the organizationÃ¢Â€Â™s market-ing planning is still focused on issues relating to the product offered by the com-pany. Our results show that Hungarian companies are facing changes in the focus of the marketing activities. According to the literature only a small portion of the companies are using CRM systems successfully. The successful implementation of a CRM system requires several changes in the organization. One of the most important tasks is to change the orientation of the companiesÃ¢Â€Â™ marketing activities. Instead of focusing on the product or a single transaction, companies should master the customer focused operation. The implementation of the technology can only be successful after these cultural changes are made. Changes in the practice of marketing are mainly based on the examination and adaptation the theoretical aspects of relationship marketing and relationship management. These provide an opportunity for the academic sphere and for practitioners to get to know and further develop new theoretical accomplishments and the latest best practice solutions. However, it still remains a question, that the technology development is driving the changes in the business orientation or inversely, the changes in business orientation are forcing the industry to provide new technol-ogy.</abstract>
  <keywords>customer relationship management, relationship marketing, relationship orientation, Institutional and Behavioral Economics,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>19</issue>
   <issuedate>2008</issuedate>
   <volume>52</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/58933</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Revesz, Balazs</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:58601</identifier><datestamp>2010-03-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:58601">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>ÃƒÂšj paradigma az agrÃƒÂ¡rgazdasÃƒÂ¡gban: alkalmazkodÃƒÂ¡s a globÃƒÂ¡lis kihÃƒÂ­vÃƒÂ¡sokhoz</title>
  <abstract>RendkÃƒÂ­vÃƒÂ¼l fontos a paradigmÃƒÂ¡k ÃƒÂ©s a kÃƒÂ¼lfÃƒÂ¶ldi ÃƒÂ¼zemtani, agrÃƒÂ¡r-gazdasÃƒÂ¡gtani tudomÃƒÂ¡nyos vilÃƒÂ¡g eredmÃƒÂ©nyeinek, tapasztalatainak a megismerÃƒÂ©se, de a kÃƒÂ¶vetÃ…Â‘ magatartÃƒÂ¡s mellett, helyett a kibontakozÃƒÂ³ vagy vÃƒÂ¡rhatÃƒÂ³ vÃƒÂ¡ltozÃƒÂ¡sokra ÃƒÂ©s ezek hatÃƒÂ¡saira irÃƒÂ¡nyulÃƒÂ³ kutatÃƒÂ¡sok kezdemÃƒÂ©nyezÃƒÂ©se szolgÃƒÂ¡lhatja mindenekelÃ…Â‘tt a hazai mezÃ…Â‘-erdÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡g ÃƒÂ©s ÃƒÂ©lelmiszer-ellÃƒÂ¡tÃƒÂ¡s biztonsÃƒÂ¡gÃƒÂ¡t, valamint ÃƒÂ©rdekeit a rohamosan ÃƒÂ¡talakulÃƒÂ³, egyre komplexebb ÃƒÂ©s veszÃƒÂ©lyesebb vilÃƒÂ¡gban. A kÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¶nfÃƒÂ©le folyamatok nem, vagy csak alig, rendkÃƒÂ­vÃƒÂ¼li erÃ…Â‘feszÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©sek ÃƒÂ¡rÃƒÂ¡n ÃƒÂ©s csak igen lassan alakÃƒÂ­thatÃƒÂ³k, befolyÃƒÂ¡solhatÃƒÂ³k. EzÃƒÂ©rt szÃƒÂ¼ksÃƒÂ©gszerÃ…Â± a globÃƒÂ¡lis kihÃƒÂ­vÃƒÂ¡sokhoz valÃƒÂ³ elÃ…Â‘relÃƒÂ¡tÃƒÂ³ alkalmazkodÃƒÂ¡s kutatÃƒÂ¡sa, nevezetesen a klÃƒÂ­mavÃƒÂ¡ltozÃƒÂ¡s, a fenntarthatÃƒÂ³sÃƒÂ¡g ÃƒÂ©s a globalizÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³ kihÃƒÂ­vÃƒÂ¡saihoz, melyek egyenkÃƒÂ©nt is szÃƒÂ¡mtalan kutatÃƒÂ¡si igÃƒÂ©nyt vetnek fel, de mÃƒÂ©g inkÃƒÂ¡bb sÃƒÂ¼rgetÃ…Â‘, meghatÃƒÂ¡rozÃƒÂ³ ÃƒÂ©s ÃƒÂºjszerÃ…Â± a hÃƒÂ¡rom kihÃƒÂ­vÃƒÂ¡s egymÃƒÂ¡s pozitÃƒÂ­v-negatÃƒÂ­v hatÃƒÂ¡sait erÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ­tÃ…Â‘ vagy gyengÃƒÂ­tÃ…Â‘ ÃƒÂ¶sszefÃƒÂ¼ggÃƒÂ©seinek ÃƒÂ©s kÃƒÂ¶lcsÃƒÂ¶nhatÃƒÂ¡sainak a feltÃƒÂ¡rÃƒÂ¡sa. Erre irÃƒÂ¡nyulhatna a vÃƒÂ¡zolt nÃƒÂ©zetrendszer, paradigma, melynek kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ©ppontjÃƒÂ¡ban ugyan az agrÃƒÂ¡rÃƒÂ¶konÃƒÂ³mia ÃƒÂ¡ll, de nem mellÃ…Â‘zheti mÃƒÂ¡s tudomÃƒÂ¡nyÃƒÂ¡gak eredmÃƒÂ©nyeit sem, ÃƒÂ­gy tulajdonkÃƒÂ©ppen transzdiszciplinÃƒÂ¡ris paradigmÃƒÂ¡rÃƒÂ³l van szÃƒÂ³. A globÃƒÂ¡lis kihÃƒÂ­vÃƒÂ¡sokhoz, a klÃƒÂ­ma- ÃƒÂ©s idÃ…Â‘jÃƒÂ¡rÃƒÂ¡s-vÃƒÂ¡ltozÃƒÂ¡shoz, a fenntarthatÃƒÂ³sÃƒÂ¡ghoz ÃƒÂ©s a globalizÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ³dÃƒÂ³ gazdasÃƒÂ¡ghoz, valamint ezek kÃƒÂ¶lcsÃƒÂ¶nhatÃƒÂ¡saihoz ÃƒÂ©s ÃƒÂ¶sszefÃƒÂ¼ggÃƒÂ©seihez valÃƒÂ³ alkalmazkodÃƒÂ¡s kutatÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡t egy idÃ…Â‘ben tÃƒÂ¶bb szÃƒÂ¡lon ÃƒÂ©rdemes folytatni: Ã¢Â€ÂžleporolniÃ¢Â€Â ÃƒÂ©s ÃƒÂºjraÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kelni a rÃƒÂ©gebbi tudomÃƒÂ¡nyos eredmÃƒÂ©nyeket, feltÃƒÂ¡rni a jÃƒÂ³l bevÃƒÂ¡lt, ÃƒÂ¡ltalÃƒÂ¡nosÃƒÂ­thatÃƒÂ³ termelÃƒÂ©si gyakorlat eredmÃƒÂ©nyeit, kritikusan ÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kelni a kihÃƒÂ­vÃƒÂ¡sokhoz valÃƒÂ³ alkalmazkodÃƒÂ¡shoz mÃƒÂ¡r rendelkezÃƒÂ©se ÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ³ eredmÃƒÂ©nyeket ÃƒÂ©s keresni az egyelÃ…Â‘re vÃƒÂ¡lasz nÃƒÂ©lkÃƒÂ¼li hatÃƒÂ¡sok megoldÃƒÂ¡sait. A kutatÃƒÂ¡sok megszervezÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©hez a hazai kutatÃƒÂ¡si programoknÃƒÂ¡l mÃƒÂ¡r jÃƒÂ³l bevÃƒÂ¡lt mintÃƒÂ¡t cÃƒÂ©lszerÃ…Â± kÃƒÂ¶vetni. Az idÃ…Â‘ sÃƒÂ¼rget, a kutatÃƒÂ¡sokat ÃƒÂ©s azok elÃ…Â‘zetes vagy rÃƒÂ©szeredmÃƒÂ©nyeit cÃƒÂ©lszerÃ…Â± kommunikÃƒÂ¡lni a szÃƒÂ©les szakmai kÃƒÂ¶zvÃƒÂ©lemÃƒÂ©nnyel, illetve folyamatosan ÃƒÂ¡tadni az irÃƒÂ¡nyÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡si ÃƒÂ©s termelÃƒÂ©si gyakorlatnak. ---------------------- It is very important to get aquainted with paradigms as well as with the results and experiences of agricultural economics and farm management abroad. Nevertheless, instead of a following strategy research initiatives focusing on expectable changes and their impacts can best serve safety and interests of domestic agriculture and food supply in the quickly reshaping, more and more complex and dangerous world. The different (biological, economic, social) processes are either not or hardly influencable, often at the expense of extraordinary efforts and at a very slow rate. Therefore researches of far-seeing adaptation to global challenges are necessary, let these challenges be climate change, sustainability or globalization, all of which requires their own research, but even more deciding, urgent and new problem is discovering their trade-offs. The outlined paradigm would focus on these trade-offs, with agricultural economics in its centre but rested also on other subjects, so properly speaking it is a transdisciplinary paradigm. Research work on adaptation to global challenges and their trade-offs is worth to do on several path simultaneously including reevaluation of past results, discovering proved and extensible procedures of production practice, and searching for solutions to problems so far unanswered. Time presses, therefore research plans and preliminary results should be communicated with a broad circle of professionals and practical results should be transferred to users i.e. to administration and producers.</abstract>
  <keywords>paradigma, kihÃƒÂ­vÃƒÂ¡sok, klÃƒÂ­mavÃƒÂ¡ltozÃƒÂ¡s, fenntarthatÃƒÂ³sÃƒÂ¡g, globalizÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³, paradigm, challenges, climate change, sustainability, globalization, Agricultural and Food Policy, International Development, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>4</issue>
   <issuedate>2008</issuedate>
   <volume>52</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/58601</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Csete, Laszlo</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:58603</identifier><datestamp>2010-03-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:58603">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>AgrÃƒÂ¡rgazdasÃƒÂ¡g ÃƒÂ©s az Ã¢Â€ÂžerÃ…Â‘sÃ¢Â€Â forint</title>
  <abstract>A Jegybank feladata a pÃƒÂ©nzstabilitÃƒÂ¡s megteremtÃƒÂ©se ÃƒÂ©s fenntartÃƒÂ¡sa, mÃƒÂ­g a tÃƒÂ¶bbi cÃƒÂ©l (nÃƒÂ¶vekedÃƒÂ©s, foglalkoztatottsÃƒÂ¡g, egyensÃƒÂºly stb.) megvalÃƒÂ³sÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sa a gazdasÃƒÂ¡gpolitikai eszkÃƒÂ¶ztÃƒÂ¡r ÃƒÂ©s intÃƒÂ©zmÃƒÂ©nyrendszer egyÃƒÂ©b terÃƒÂ¼leteire tartozik. A pÃƒÂ©nzstabilitÃƒÂ¡s primÃƒÂ¡tusa ma mÃƒÂ¡r elfogadott a nyugati kÃƒÂ¶zgazdasÃƒÂ¡gi gondolkodÃƒÂ¡sban. A valutaleÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kelÃƒÂ©s kÃƒÂ©tÃƒÂ©lÃ…Â± fegyver, csupÃƒÂ¡n az elavult exportszerkezetet konzervÃƒÂ¡lja, a hatÃƒÂ©konysÃƒÂ¡gi korlÃƒÂ¡tok puhÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sa rÃƒÂ©vÃƒÂ©n. A magyar gazdasÃƒÂ¡g importfÃƒÂ¼ggÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©ge technikai jellegÃ…Â±, ezÃƒÂ©rt a leÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kelÃƒÂ©s csupÃƒÂ¡n inflÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³s nyomÃƒÂ¡st eredmÃƒÂ©nyez. Az agrÃƒÂ¡rszektor rÃƒÂ©szÃƒÂ©re a forint gyengÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ©se sokkal tÃƒÂ¶bb negatÃƒÂ­vummal jÃƒÂ¡rhatna, mint pozitÃƒÂ­vummal. Emelkedne az import eszkÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶k ÃƒÂ¡ra, a felpÃƒÂ¶rgÃ…Â‘ inflÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³ rÃƒÂ©vÃƒÂ©n szÃ…Â±kÃƒÂ¼lne a belsÃ…Â‘ piac. --------------------- Establishment and sustaining of stability of currency is the task of issuing bank while with realizing other economic targets (e.g. growth, employment, equilibrium) are dealing government regulation and institutions. Dominance of currency stability among economic indicators is today an accepted principle in western economic philosophy. Currency devaluation cuts both ways conserving outdated structure of exports through alleviation efficiency constrains. Import-dependence of Hungarian economy has a technological character therefore devaluation lead merely to inflational shock. For the agricultural sector a devaluation may cause many more negative impacts than positive ones. In such a case prices of imported inputs would rise while through more expensive foodstuffs domestic demand would be reduced.</abstract>
  <keywords>agrÃƒÂ¡rgazdasÃƒÂ¡g, erÃ…Â‘s forint, import, export, belsÃ…Â‘ piac, agricultural economy, strong HUF, imports, exports, domestic market, Agribusiness, Agricultural and Food Policy, Agricultural Finance,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>4</issue>
   <issuedate>2008</issuedate>
   <volume>52</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/58603</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Gazdag, Laszlo</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:58594</identifier><datestamp>2010-03-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:58594">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>A versenykÃƒÂ©pessÃƒÂ©g javÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡nak lehetÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©gei biomassza alapÃƒÂº energia-klaszterben</title>
  <abstract>A gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi ÃƒÂ©let szereplÃ…Â‘inek versenykÃƒÂ©pessÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©t jelentÃ…Â‘s mÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kben az ellÃƒÂ¡tÃƒÂ¡si lÃƒÂ¡ncuk hatÃƒÂ©konysÃƒÂ¡ga hatÃƒÂ¡rozza meg. VizsgÃƒÂ¡latunkban egy virtuÃƒÂ¡lis energia-klaszter alapanyag-ellÃƒÂ¡tÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡nak kÃƒÂ©rdÃƒÂ©seivel foglalkoztunk. VizsgÃƒÂ¡ltuk a termelÃƒÂ©si technolÃƒÂ³gia azon elemeit, amelyeknÃƒÂ©l a logisztikai mÃƒÂ³dszerek, az anyagÃƒÂ¡ramlÃƒÂ¡s optimalizÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ¡sa kÃƒÂ©zzel foghatÃƒÂ³ eredmÃƒÂ©nyt mutatnak. A feladatoknÃƒÂ¡l az optimÃƒÂ¡lis megoldÃƒÂ¡st az a gÃƒÂ©pkombinÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³ jelenti, ahol az Ã¢Â€ÂžidÃ…Â‘tÃƒÂ©nyezÃ…Â‘Ã¢Â€Â (JITIT) ÃƒÂ©s a kÃƒÂ¶ltsÃƒÂ©gminimalizÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ¡sra valÃƒÂ³ tÃƒÂ¶rekvÃƒÂ©s is megvalÃƒÂ³sul. Az ÃƒÂ¡ltalunk vizsgÃƒÂ¡lt ellÃƒÂ¡tÃƒÂ¡si lÃƒÂ¡nc a betakarÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡s, a szÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡s, a raktÃƒÂ¡rozÃƒÂ¡s folyamatelemeket tartalmazta. KÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¼k is kiemelten a betakarÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡st, az igen magas ÃƒÂ¼zemeltetÃƒÂ©si kÃƒÂ¶ltsÃƒÂ©gek miatt (25Ã¢Â€Â“35 ezer Ft/mÃ…Â±szakÃƒÂ³ra). A kÃƒÂ©rdÃƒÂ©s, amelyre a vÃƒÂ¡laszt kerestÃƒÂ¼k, hogy a betakarÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ³gÃƒÂ©ptÃ…Â‘l az alapanyagot kÃƒÂ¶zvetlenÃƒÂ¼l, vagy ideiglenes tÃƒÂ¡rolÃƒÂ¡s utÃƒÂ¡n kÃƒÂ¶zvetett mÃƒÂ³don cÃƒÂ©lszerÃ…Â±bb-e a feldolgozÃƒÂ³ba szÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ­tani? KÃƒÂ¶zvetett beszÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡s esetÃƒÂ©n hova ÃƒÂ©s hÃƒÂ¡ny darab tÃƒÂ¡rolÃƒÂ³t cÃƒÂ©lszerÃ…Â± lÃƒÂ©tesÃƒÂ­teni az ÃƒÂ¶sszkÃƒÂ¶ltsÃƒÂ©g minimalizÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ¡sa ÃƒÂ©rdekÃƒÂ©ben. A feladat megoldÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡hoz szimulÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³s modellt kÃƒÂ©szÃƒÂ­tettÃƒÂ¼nk ÃƒÂ©s hasznÃƒÂ¡ltunk. MegÃƒÂ¡llapÃƒÂ­tottuk, kis szÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡si tÃƒÂ¡volsÃƒÂ¡gok mellett (1-3 km) kÃƒÂ¶zvetlen szÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡s is megvalÃƒÂ³sÃƒÂ­thatÃƒÂ³, nagyobb tÃƒÂ¡volsÃƒÂ¡goknÃƒÂ¡l kÃƒÂ¶zvetett szÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡s, illetve mikrologisztikai tÃƒÂ¡rolÃƒÂ³kÃƒÂ¶zpontok kialakÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sa indokolt. Az ÃƒÂ¡ltalunk kÃƒÂ©szÃƒÂ­tett modell segÃƒÂ­tsÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©vel ezen mikrologisztikai tÃƒÂ¡rolÃƒÂ³kÃƒÂ¶zpontok szÃƒÂ¡ma ÃƒÂ©s helye pontosan meghatÃƒÂ¡rozhatÃƒÂ³. ------------------------ The competitiveness of actors in the economic sphere is significantly determined by the effectiveness of their provisioning chain. Our investigation dealt with questions related to the raw material provisioning of a virtual energy-cluster. We examined those elements of production technology, in which the logistics methods and the optimisation of the flow of materials showed tangible results. The optimal solution to these tasks is provided by that combination of apparatus wherein both the Ã¢Â€Âœtime factorÃ¢Â€Â (JIT) and the efforts to minimise costs are realised. The provisioning chain we examined comprised of harvesting, transport and storage process elements; of these, harvesting in particular, due to its exceptionally high operating costs (25-35,000 Ft/shift hour). We sought an answer to the question of whether it is better to transport the raw material directly to the processing plant or indirectly after temporary storage. In the case of indirect delivery, where should storage facilities be established and how many should there be, in the interests of minimising total costs? We created and utilised a simulation model to solve the task. We established that in case of short transport distances (1-3 km), direct transport is feasible. In the case of greater distances, indirect transport and the development of micro-logistical storage centres is justified. The number and location of these micro-logistical storage centres can be exactly determined with the help of our model.</abstract>
  <keywords>ellÃƒÂ¡tÃƒÂ¡si logisztikai rendszer, ÃƒÂ¶sszkÃƒÂ¶ltsÃƒÂ©g-szemlÃƒÂ©let, folyamatelemek ÃƒÂ¶sszehangolÃƒÂ¡sa, rakodÃƒÂ³, szÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ³ ÃƒÂ©s fogadÃƒÂ³ kapacitÃƒÂ¡s, vÃƒÂ¡rakozÃƒÂ¡si idÃ…Â‘, provisioning logistics systems, total expenditure approach, harmonisation of process elements, loading, transport and receiving capacity, waiting time, Agricultural and Food Policy, Financial Economics, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>3</issue>
   <issuedate>2008</issuedate>
   <volume>52</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/58594</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Kovacs, Endre</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Miller, Gyorgy</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Tegla, Zsolt</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:58607</identifier><datestamp>2010-03-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:58607">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>A diplomÃƒÂ¡s munkaerÃ…Â‘ helyzetÃƒÂ©nek vizsgÃƒÂ¡lata (Heves, Borsod-AbaÃƒÂºj-ZemplÃƒÂ©n megyÃƒÂ©kben ÃƒÂ©s Budapesten)</title>
  <abstract>A kÃƒÂ©rdÃ…Â‘ÃƒÂ­ves megkÃƒÂ©rdezÃƒÂ©s Ã¢Â€Â“ 1022 vÃƒÂ¡lasz Ã¢Â€Â“ alapjÃƒÂ¡n megÃƒÂ¡llapÃƒÂ­thatÃƒÂ³, hogy 100 001Ã¢Â€Â“ 180 000 Ft kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶tti nettÃƒÂ³ ÃƒÂ¡tlagkereset jellemzÃ…Â‘ a diplomÃƒÂ¡s munkavÃƒÂ¡llalÃƒÂ³k kÃƒÂ¶rÃƒÂ©ben. A diplomÃƒÂ¡t adÃƒÂ³ vÃƒÂ©gzettsÃƒÂ©g ÃƒÂ©s a megkÃƒÂ©rdezettek munkaerÃ…Â‘-piaci stÃƒÂ¡tusÃƒÂ¡nak ÃƒÂ¶sszefÃƒÂ¼ggÃƒÂ©seit illetÃ…Â‘en megÃƒÂ¡llapÃƒÂ­thatÃƒÂ³, hogy a diplomÃƒÂ¡sok kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶tt lÃƒÂ©tezik ugyan munkanÃƒÂ©lkÃƒÂ¼lisÃƒÂ©g, de ez jÃƒÂ³val kisebb mÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kÃ…Â±, mint a KSH ÃƒÂ©s a MunkaÃƒÂ¼gyi KÃƒÂ¶zpontok ÃƒÂ¡ltal kimutatott, alap- ÃƒÂ©s kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ©pszintÃ…Â± vÃƒÂ©gzettsÃƒÂ©ggel rendelkezÃ…Â‘ munkavÃƒÂ¡llalÃƒÂ³k kÃƒÂ¶rÃƒÂ©ben. A tovÃƒÂ¡bbtanulÃƒÂ¡s Ã¢Â€Â“ ami az EurÃƒÂ³pai UniÃƒÂ³ szintjÃƒÂ©n is lÃƒÂ©nyeges Ã¢Â€Â“ a kÃƒÂ©rdÃ…Â‘ÃƒÂ­ves felmÃƒÂ©rÃƒÂ©s szerint nagyarÃƒÂ¡nyÃƒÂº, 67%-os. -------------------- Based on 1022 answers of a survey it can be stated that the characteristic range of net average monthly salary is between 100 and 180 thousand HUF among professional employees. Concerning relations of qualifi cations and positions on labour market it can be said that although there is some unemployment among professionals but its degree is much lower than among people with secondary trainig, based on documents of Central Statistical Offi ce and labour centres. The share of those preparing themselves to further studies, which is an important indicator also within the EU, is high, 67 percent, based on our survey.</abstract>
  <keywords>megyÃƒÂ©k fejlettsÃƒÂ©gi szintje, nemzetgazdasÃƒÂ¡gi ÃƒÂ¡gak, alkalmazottak, nettÃƒÂ³ kereset, munkaerÃ…Â‘-piaci stÃƒÂ¡tus, development level of counties, economic sectors, employees, net salary, position on labour market, Labor and Human Capital, Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>6</issue>
   <issuedate>2008</issuedate>
   <volume>52</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/58607</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Toth, Eszter</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:57691</identifier><datestamp>2010-03-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:57691">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>A BÃƒÂšZA ÃƒÂ‰S KUKORICA FEDEZETI TERMÃƒÂ‰SÃƒÂTLAGÃƒÂNAK ALAKULÃƒÂSA MAGYARORSZÃƒÂGON</title>
  <abstract>MegÃƒÂ¡llapÃƒÂ­thatÃƒÂ³, hogy MagyarorszÃƒÂ¡g EurÃƒÂ³pa kukoricatermelÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©ben jelentÃ…Â‘s szerepet jÃƒÂ¡tszik, annak ellenÃƒÂ©re is, hogy az 1980-as ÃƒÂ©vek kÃƒÂ¶zepÃƒÂ©tÃ…Â‘l nem tart lÃƒÂ©pÃƒÂ©st a hazai termÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ¡tlagok nÃƒÂ¶vekedÃƒÂ©se az EU-15 tagÃƒÂ¡llamÃƒÂ¡nak ÃƒÂ¡tlagÃƒÂ¡val. A bÃƒÂºza jelentÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©ge kisebb, itt a leszakadÃƒÂ¡s az 1990-es ÃƒÂ©vek elejÃƒÂ©n kezdÃ…Â‘dÃƒÂ¶tt. A termÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ¡t-lagok jelentÃ…Â‘sen ingadoznak. A termelÃƒÂ©s meghatÃƒÂ¡rozÃƒÂ³ rÃƒÂ©giÃƒÂ³i: ÃƒÂ‰szak- ÃƒÂ©s DÃƒÂ©l-AlfÃƒÂ¶ld, DÃƒÂ©l-DunÃƒÂ¡ntÃƒÂºl. A fedezeti termÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ¡tlag ÃƒÂ©vrÃ…Â‘l ÃƒÂ©vre nÃƒÂ¶vekedett. A vizsgÃƒÂ¡lt idÃ…Â‘szakban a bÃƒÂºzÃƒÂ¡t a fÃ…Â‘ rÃƒÂ©giÃƒÂ³kban tÃƒÂ¡mogatÃƒÂ¡sok nÃƒÂ©lkÃƒÂ¼l is sikerÃƒÂ¼lt Ã¢Â€Â“ jellemzÃ…Â‘en a 26 AK-nÃƒÂ¡l jobb minÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©gÃ…Â± fÃƒÂ¶ldeken Ã¢Â€Â“ nyeresÃƒÂ©gesen termelni. A bÃƒÂºzatermelÃƒÂ©s egÃƒÂ©-szÃƒÂ©re igaz, hogy a vizsgÃƒÂ¡lt terÃƒÂ¼letek mindegyikÃƒÂ©n eredmÃƒÂ©nnyel termelhetÃ…Â‘, a mel-lÃƒÂ©ktermÃƒÂ©k kÃƒÂ¶ltsÃƒÂ©gcsÃƒÂ¶kkentÃ…Â‘, valamint a tÃƒÂ¡mogatÃƒÂ¡sok jÃƒÂ¶vedelemnÃƒÂ¶velÃ…Â‘ hatÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡t figyelembe vÃƒÂ©ve. ÃƒÂ‰szak- ÃƒÂ©s KÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ©p-MagyarorszÃƒÂ¡gon jellemzÃ…Â‘en csak tÃƒÂ¡mogatÃƒÂ¡ssal jÃƒÂ¶vedelmezÃ…Â‘ a kukoricatermelÃƒÂ©s. A tÃƒÂ¡mogatÃƒÂ¡sok jelentÃ…Â‘sen javÃƒÂ­tanak a jÃƒÂ¶vedelmi helyzeten, de Nyugat-MagyarorszÃƒÂ¡g ÃƒÂ¡tlag alatti ÃƒÂ©s KÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ©p-MagyarorszÃƒÂ¡g gyenge minÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©gÃ…Â± terÃƒÂ¼letein mÃƒÂ©g ÃƒÂ­gy sem vÃƒÂ¡rhatÃƒÂ³ eredmÃƒÂ©nyes gazdÃƒÂ¡lkodÃƒÂ¡s. - Hungary can be said to play a significant role in EuropeÃ¢Â€Â™s corn production, de-spite the fact that since the mid-1980s, increases in domestic production averages cannot be said to have kept pace with the EU-15 member statesÃ¢Â€Â™ average. Wheat is less significant and its collapse began at the start of the 1990s. Production averages fluctuate significantly. The regions that determine production are the North and South Plains, and southern Transdanubia. The collateral production average has grown year on year. In the period under examination wheat was profitably cultivated in the main regions Ã¢Â€Â“ generally on land of higher quality than 26 AK (Gold Crowns) - even without subsidies. It is true for wheat production as a whole that it can be carried out successfully in all the areas examined, taking into account that the by-products reduce costs and that the subsidies increase income. It is characteristic of northern and central Hungary that only subsidised corn cultivation is profitable. Subsidies significantly improve the income situation, but in areas of below-average quality in western Hungary and those of poor quality in central Hungary, even this cannot be expected to result in successful farming.</abstract>
  <keywords>EU, rÃƒÂ©giÃƒÂ³, bÃƒÂºza, kukorica, fedezeti termÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ¡tlag, EU, region, wheat, corn, collateral production average, Agribusiness, Crop Production/Industries,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>4</issue>
   <issuedate>2007</issuedate>
   <volume>51</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/57691</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Hollosy, Zsolt</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:58593</identifier><datestamp>2010-03-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:58593">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>A magyar zÃƒÂ¶ldsÃƒÂ©g- ÃƒÂ©s gyÃƒÂ¼mÃƒÂ¶lcsÃƒÂ¡gazatok kÃƒÂ¼lkereskedelmi versenykÃƒÂ©pessÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©nek alakulÃƒÂ¡sa</title>
  <abstract>A vizsgÃƒÂ¡latok eredmÃƒÂ©nyei alapjÃƒÂ¡n megÃƒÂ¡llapÃƒÂ­thatÃƒÂ³, hogy a zÃƒÂ¶ldsÃƒÂ©g- ÃƒÂ©s gyÃƒÂ¼mÃƒÂ¶lcsÃƒÂ¡gazatok versenykÃƒÂ©pesek, de a versenykÃƒÂ©pessÃƒÂ©g ÃƒÂ©vrÃ…Â‘l ÃƒÂ©vre csÃƒÂ¶kken. A versenykÃƒÂ©pessÃƒÂ©g romlÃƒÂ¡sa az uniÃƒÂ³s csatlakozÃƒÂ¡ssal nem szÃ…Â±nt meg, sÃ…Â‘t erÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ¶dÃƒÂ¶tt, ami rÃƒÂ©szben az ÃƒÂ¡gazat felkÃƒÂ©szÃƒÂ¼letlensÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©nek, rÃƒÂ©szben a 2004. ÃƒÂ©vi bÃ…Â‘ termÃƒÂ©snek ÃƒÂ©s a 2005. ÃƒÂ©v kedvezÃ…Â‘tlen idÃ…Â‘jÃƒÂ¡rÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡nak kÃƒÂ¶szÃƒÂ¶nhetÃ…Â‘. KedvezÃ…Â‘tlen eredmÃƒÂ©ny az is, hogy a pozÃƒÂ­ciÃƒÂ³romlÃƒÂ¡s legnagyobb mÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kben a cÃƒÂ©lpiacokon ÃƒÂ©szlelhetÃ…Â‘. A termÃƒÂ©kkÃƒÂ¶rÃƒÂ¶ket kÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¶n elemezve lÃƒÂ¡thatÃƒÂ³, hogy a versenykÃƒÂ©pessÃƒÂ©gi mutatÃƒÂ³k a legkedvezÃ…Â‘bbek a feldolgozott termÃƒÂ©keknÃƒÂ©l. Ezt kÃƒÂ¶vetik a friss zÃƒÂ¶ldsÃƒÂ©gek. A friss gyÃƒÂ¼mÃƒÂ¶lcsnÃƒÂ©l mÃƒÂ¡r nem is beszÃƒÂ©lhetÃƒÂ¼nk versenyelÃ…Â‘nyrÃ…Â‘l. Ennek a magyarÃƒÂ¡zatÃƒÂ¡t elsÃ…Â‘sorban a jelentÃ…Â‘s mÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kben megnÃ…Â‘tt dÃƒÂ©ligyÃƒÂ¼mÃƒÂ¶lcsimport adja. A kedvezÃ…Â‘tlen tendenciÃƒÂ¡kat nemcsak azÃƒÂ©rt indokolt megvÃƒÂ¡ltoztatni, mert az ÃƒÂ¡gazat jelentÃ…Â‘s export-ÃƒÂ¡rbevÃƒÂ©teli forrÃƒÂ¡st jelent, hanem az orszÃƒÂ¡g ÃƒÂ¶kolÃƒÂ³giai adottsÃƒÂ¡gai kedvezÃ…Â‘ek a zÃƒÂ¶ldsÃƒÂ©g- ÃƒÂ©s gyÃƒÂ¼mÃƒÂ¶lcstermelÃƒÂ©shez, melyet kihasznÃƒÂ¡lva fontos szerepet kaphat a vidÃƒÂ©ki lakossÃƒÂ¡g foglalkoztatÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡ban is. Az ÃƒÂ¡gazat versenykÃƒÂ©pessÃƒÂ©ge a szervezettsÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©nek nÃƒÂ¶velÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©vel, piackutatÃƒÂ¡sokkal, elemzÃƒÂ©sekkel, akciÃƒÂ³tervek kÃƒÂ©szÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©vel, kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶ssÃƒÂ©gi marketingprogrammal, a minÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©gi ÃƒÂ¡rualap megteremtÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©vel, a logisztika fejlesztÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©vel ÃƒÂ©s a termesztÃƒÂ©stechnolÃƒÂ³gia korszerÃ…Â±sÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©vel javÃƒÂ­thatÃƒÂ³. ------------------------ It can be determined based on the results of the study that the fruit and vegetable sector is competitive; however, its competitiveness is decreasing each year. The decline in competitiveness did not cease with accession to the EU, rather it grew stronger. This is partly due to the sectorÃ¢Â€Â™s lack of preparedness and partly the result of abundant production in 2004 and inclement weather in 2005. It is also a disadvantageous result that the decline in position can be felt most keenly in target markets. Analysing product groups separately, it can be seen that competitiveness indicators are most advantageous in processed products, followed by fresh vegetables. We can no longer really speak of a competitive advantage in the case of fresh fruit. The main explanation for this is the significant increase in the import of tropical fruits. It would be particularly desirable to reverse this negative tendency, not only because the sector is a significant source of export-income, but also because HungaryÃ¢Â€Â™s ecological characteristics are advantageous to fruit and vegetable production, exploitation of which could also play a vital role in the employment of the rural population. The sectorÃ¢Â€Â™s competitiveness could be improved through better organisation, market research, analysis, the preparation of action plans, community marketing programmes, the creation of a quality commodity stock, logistics development and the modernisation of production technology.</abstract>
  <keywords>zÃƒÂ¶ldsÃƒÂ©g, gyÃƒÂ¼mÃƒÂ¶lcs, versenykÃƒÂ©pessÃƒÂ©g, kÃƒÂ¼lkereskedelem, EU-csatlakozÃƒÂ¡s, vegetable, fruit, competitiveness, foreign trade, EU accession, Crop Production/Industries, International Relations/Trade, Marketing,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>3</issue>
   <issuedate>2008</issuedate>
   <volume>52</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/58593</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Medina, Viktor</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:57722</identifier><datestamp>2010-03-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:57722">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>AlkalmazkodÃƒÂ¡si kÃƒÂ©nyszerben a magyar agrÃƒÂ¡rgazdasÃƒÂ¡g</title>
  <abstract>Az agrÃƒÂ¡rgazdasÃƒÂ¡g ÃƒÂºjabb alkalmazkodÃƒÂ¡si feladat elÃ…Â‘tt ÃƒÂ¡ll. A vilÃƒÂ¡gpiacon Ã¢Â€Â“ EurÃƒÂ³pÃƒÂ¡ban ÃƒÂ©s itthon is Ã¢Â€Â“ egyszerre erÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ¶dik a kereslet a mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi termÃƒÂ©kek irÃƒÂ¡nt az ÃƒÂ©lelmiszerek ÃƒÂ©s a bioenergia piacÃƒÂ¡n. E folyamat egybeesik az ÃƒÂ©ghajlatvÃƒÂ¡ltozÃƒÂ¡ssal ÃƒÂ¶sszefÃƒÂ¼ggÃ…Â‘ nagyobb termelÃƒÂ©si kockÃƒÂ¡zatokkal, valamint a KÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶s AgrÃƒÂ¡rpolitika soros felÃƒÂ¼lvizsgÃƒÂ¡latÃƒÂ¡val, illetve az ÃƒÂ¶sszevont gazdasÃƒÂ¡gtÃƒÂ¡mogatÃƒÂ¡si rendszer (SPS) hazai bevezetÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©vel. A szakÃƒÂ©rtÃ…Â‘i elemzÃƒÂ©sek, a gazdasÃƒÂ¡gmatematikai modellek kÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¶nbÃƒÂ¶zÃ…Â‘ eredmÃƒÂ©nyei azt valÃƒÂ³szÃƒÂ­nÃ…Â±sÃƒÂ­tik, hogy a jelenleg uralkodÃƒÂ³ fejlÃ…Â‘dÃƒÂ©si trendek, alkalmazkodÃƒÂ¡si ÃƒÂ©s egyÃƒÂ¼ttmÃ…Â±kÃƒÂ¶dÃƒÂ©si kÃƒÂ©szsÃƒÂ©gek mentÃƒÂ©n a magyar agrÃƒÂ¡rgazdasÃƒÂ¡g 2013-ig inkÃƒÂ¡bb lemaradÃƒÂ¡st, mintsem felzÃƒÂ¡rkÃƒÂ³zÃƒÂ¡st hozÃƒÂ³ pÃƒÂ¡lyÃƒÂ¡ra sodrÃƒÂ³dik. Ezen a pÃƒÂ¡lyÃƒÂ¡n alig nÃ…Â‘ a termelÃƒÂ©s, stagnÃƒÂ¡lnak a reÃƒÂ¡ljÃƒÂ¶vedelmek, az ÃƒÂ¡llattenyÃƒÂ©sztÃƒÂ©s tÃƒÂ©rvesztÃƒÂ©se nem ÃƒÂ¡ll meg. Ez a jÃƒÂ¶vÃ…Â‘kÃƒÂ©p azonban nem fÃƒÂ¡tum! Van kedvezÃ…Â‘bb fejlÃ…Â‘dÃƒÂ©si pÃƒÂ¡lya is, amelyen a termelÃƒÂ©s mennyisÃƒÂ©ge 25%-kal, a reÃƒÂ¡ljÃƒÂ¶vedelem akÃƒÂ¡r 50%-kal is gyarapodhat, mikÃƒÂ¶zben a fenntarthatÃƒÂ³sÃƒÂ¡g kÃƒÂ¶vetelmÃƒÂ©nyei sem sÃƒÂ©rÃƒÂ¼lnek. A felzÃƒÂ¡rkÃƒÂ³zÃƒÂ¡s esÃƒÂ©lye reÃƒÂ¡lis. Ehhez a termÃƒÂ©kpÃƒÂ¡lyÃƒÂ¡k minden szakaszÃƒÂ¡ban fejlesztÃƒÂ©sek, gyakorlatorientÃƒÂ¡lt kutatÃƒÂ¡sok, oktatÃƒÂ¡s ÃƒÂ©s szaktanÃƒÂ¡csadÃƒÂ¡s szÃƒÂ¼ksÃƒÂ©ges Ã¢Â€Â“ ami rendkÃƒÂ­vÃƒÂ¼l tÃ…Â‘ke-, innovÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³- ÃƒÂ©s egyÃƒÂ¼ttmÃ…Â±kÃƒÂ¶dÃƒÂ©s-igÃƒÂ©nyes! - The agricultural economy is facing a new adaptation task. In both the food and bio-energy markets, demand for agricultural produce is growing on the world market Ã¢Â€Â“ both in Europe and at home. This process coincides with greater production risks related to climate change, as well as with the next review of the Common Agricultural Policy and the introduction in Hungary of the Single Payment Scheme (SPS). According to expert analyses and the various results of economic mathematical models it appears probable that as a result of the development trends and the adaptation and cooperation skills currently holding sway, by 2013 the Hungarian agricultural economy is more likely be on the path to lagging behind than catching up. On this path production hardly increases, real income stagnates and animal husbandry continues to lose ground. Such future prospects are not, however, set in stone! There exists a more advantageous development path on which production can increase by 25% and real incomes by up to 50%, all without adverse effect on the requirements for sustainability. The prospects for catching up are realistic. It requires development, practice-oriented research, education and expert advice at every stage of the production path Ã¢Â€Â“ which is extremely capital-, innovation-, and cooperation-intensive!</abstract>
  <keywords>alkalmazkodÃƒÂ¡si kÃƒÂ©nyszer, jÃƒÂ¶vÃ…Â‘kÃƒÂ©p, fejlÃ…Â‘dÃƒÂ©si pÃƒÂ¡lyÃƒÂ¡k, innovÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³ ÃƒÂ©s egyÃƒÂ¼ttmÃ…Â±kÃƒÂ¶dÃƒÂ©s, pressure to adapt, future prospects, development path, innovation and cooperation, Agricultural and Food Policy, International Relations/Trade,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>1</issue>
   <issuedate>2008</issuedate>
   <volume>52</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/57722</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Udovecz, Gabor</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:58602</identifier><datestamp>2010-03-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:58602">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>A mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi ÃƒÂ¼zem fogalmÃƒÂ¡nak agrÃƒÂ¡rjogi ÃƒÂ©rtelmezÃƒÂ©se</title>
  <abstract>Az agrÃƒÂ¡rÃƒÂ¼zem definiÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ¡sa nemcsak a kÃƒÂ¶zgazdasÃƒÂ¡gtan, hanem az agrÃƒÂ¡rjog szempontjÃƒÂ¡bÃƒÂ³l is szÃƒÂ¡mos problÃƒÂ©mÃƒÂ¡t vet fel. Szakmai kÃƒÂ¶rÃƒÂ¶kben keveredik a mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi ÃƒÂ¼zem dologÃƒÂ¶sszessÃƒÂ©gkÃƒÂ©nti, illetve szervezeti forma szerinti megkÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¶nbÃƒÂ¶ztetÃƒÂ©se. Az uniÃƒÂ³s jog ezzel szemben a mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi ÃƒÂ¼zemet ÃƒÂ¶nÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ³ jogi kategÃƒÂ³riÃƒÂ¡nak tekinti ÃƒÂ©s ÃƒÂ©pÃƒÂ­t arra, hogy a tagorszÃƒÂ¡gok egysÃƒÂ©ges ÃƒÂ¼zemszabÃƒÂ¡lyozÃƒÂ¡si tÃƒÂ¶rvÃƒÂ©nyben ÃƒÂ¡llapÃƒÂ­tjÃƒÂ¡k meg a nemzeti agrÃƒÂ¡rÃƒÂ¼zemek mÃ…Â±kÃƒÂ¶dtetÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©nek jogi-kÃƒÂ¶zigazgatÃƒÂ¡si kereteit. Ez a feltÃƒÂ©telezÃƒÂ©s azonban csak az EurÃƒÂ³pai UniÃƒÂ³ nyugat-eurÃƒÂ³pai tagÃƒÂ¡llamaira igaz. BÃƒÂ¡r egyes ÃƒÂ¼zemszabÃƒÂ¡lyozÃƒÂ¡si elemek a magyar jogban is megtalÃƒÂ¡lhatÃƒÂ³k, azok nem az agrÃƒÂ¡rÃƒÂ¼zemre mint absztrakt jogi kategÃƒÂ³riÃƒÂ¡ra, hanem a mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi vÃƒÂ¡llalkozÃƒÂ¡sok egyes konkrÃƒÂ©t szervezeti formÃƒÂ¡ira vonatkoznak. HatÃƒÂ¡lyos agrÃƒÂ¡rjogi szabÃƒÂ¡lyozÃƒÂ¡sunknak tovÃƒÂ¡bbi sajÃƒÂ¡tossÃƒÂ¡ga, hogy az egyes speciÃƒÂ¡lis agrÃƒÂ¡rÃƒÂ¼zemi szervezeti formÃƒÂ¡k sem egysÃƒÂ©ges keretjogszabÃƒÂ¡lyban, hanem esetlegesen, az adott idÃ…Â‘pontban ÃƒÂ©s politikai erÃ…Â‘tÃƒÂ©rben ÃƒÂ©rvÃƒÂ©nyesÃƒÂ¼lÃ…Â‘ jogalkotÃƒÂ³i szÃƒÂ¡ndÃƒÂ©k alapjÃƒÂ¡n jelennek meg. -------------------- Defining agricultural enterprise (farm) raises many problems not only from economic but also from a legal viewpoint. Even among professionals definitions of agricultural enterprise according to sum of objects versus organizational forms are mixed. The EU law considers agricultural enterprise as a distinct legal category and rests on the fact that member countries use a unified law to regulate frames of functioning of national farms. But strictly speaking this statement is true only for western states of the union. Although some elements of operation regulation are to be found in Hungarian law as well, they are related not to an abstract category of law but rather to concreat organizational forms of agricultural enterprises. Another feature of our agricultural law is that the different organizational forms occur not in a unified framework, rather in occasional regulations depending on jurisdiction of that time and regime.</abstract>
  <keywords>agrÃƒÂ¡rÃƒÂ¼zem, dologÃƒÂ¶sszessÃƒÂ©g, vagyoni ÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kÃ…Â± jogok, ÃƒÂ¼zemszabÃƒÂ¡lyozÃƒÂ¡s, szervezeti formÃƒÂ¡k, agricultural enterprise, farm, sum of objects, wealth rights, operation regulation, organizational forms, Agribusiness, Agricultural and Food Policy, Farm Management,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>4</issue>
   <issuedate>2008</issuedate>
   <volume>52</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/58602</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Orlovits, Zsolt</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:58591</identifier><datestamp>2010-03-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:58591">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>A fÃ…Â‘foglalkozÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂº egyÃƒÂ©ni gazdÃƒÂ¡k habitusai MagyarorszÃƒÂ¡gon</title>
  <abstract>A kutatÃƒÂ¡s cÃƒÂ©lja az, hogy megÃƒÂ¡llapÃƒÂ­tsuk, milyen habitussal rendelkeznek a gazdÃƒÂ¡k, ÃƒÂ©s melyikkel kÃƒÂ©pesek eredmÃƒÂ©nyesen alkalmazkodni a piacgazdasÃƒÂ¡ghoz. A teljes munkaidÃ…Â‘ben dolgozÃƒÂ³ egyÃƒÂ©ni gazdÃƒÂ¡kra az a jellemzÃ…Â‘, hogy nagyon szeretnek dolgozni, amit a szÃƒÂ¼leiktÃ…Â‘l ÃƒÂ¶rÃƒÂ¶kÃƒÂ¶ltek. Valamennyien nagyon erÃ…Â‘s egyÃƒÂ©nisÃƒÂ©gek, ezÃƒÂ©rt is ÃƒÂ©pÃƒÂ­tettÃƒÂ©k ki a sajÃƒÂ¡t gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi autonÃƒÂ³miÃƒÂ¡jukat, amivel lÃƒÂ©trejÃƒÂ¶tt autonÃƒÂ³m szemÃƒÂ©lyisÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ¼k is. A mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡gban az egyÃƒÂ©ni gazdÃƒÂ¡k a gazdÃƒÂ¡lkodÃƒÂ¡s kialakÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡hoz a Ã¢Â€ÂžkÃƒÂ©szen talÃƒÂ¡ltÃ¢Â€Â mintÃƒÂ¡kat elÃ…Â‘szÃƒÂ¶r is a hÃƒÂ¡ztÃƒÂ¡jibÃƒÂ³l vettÃƒÂ©k, tovÃƒÂ¡bbÃƒÂ¡ a teljes kollektivizÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ¡s elÃ…Â‘tti csalÃƒÂ¡di gazdasÃƒÂ¡gokbÃƒÂ³l ÃƒÂ©s csak harmadsorban a korÃƒÂ¡bbi munkahelyi kapcsolatokbÃƒÂ³l, tapasztalatokbÃƒÂ³l. A vizsgÃƒÂ¡latban az alÃƒÂ¡bbi habitustÃƒÂ­pusok kÃƒÂ¶rvonalazÃƒÂ³dtak: paraszti, utÃƒÂ³paraszti, parasztpolgÃƒÂ¡ri, produkcionista menedzseri, technokrata menedzseri ÃƒÂ©s vÃƒÂ¡llalkozÃƒÂ³i. JellemzÃ…Â‘en a gazdÃƒÂ¡k habitusa nem homogÃƒÂ©n, hanem tÃƒÂ¶bb habituselem kombinÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ³dik korÃƒÂ¡bbi ÃƒÂ©vekben megszerzett ÃƒÂ©lettapasztalatok ÃƒÂ©s kÃƒÂ¶rÃƒÂ¼lmÃƒÂ©nyek fÃƒÂ¼ggvÃƒÂ©nyÃƒÂ©ben. Ez azÃƒÂ©rt alakult ÃƒÂ­gy, mert egyrÃƒÂ©szt a rendszervÃƒÂ¡ltÃƒÂ¡s utÃƒÂ¡n ezen a tÃƒÂ©ren is vÃƒÂ¡kuum keletkezett, ÃƒÂ©s ebbe a vÃƒÂ¡kuumba a hagyomÃƒÂ¡nyos habitusok visszaszivÃƒÂ¡roghattak. MÃƒÂ¡srÃƒÂ©szt viszont az ÃƒÂºj vÃƒÂ¡llalkozÃƒÂ³i habitus nehezen formÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ³dik, mert a kialakulÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡hoz legalÃƒÂ¡bb az alÃƒÂ¡bbi hÃƒÂ¡rom feltÃƒÂ©tel szÃƒÂ¼ksÃƒÂ©ges: (1) A gazda rendelkezzen bizonyos szemÃƒÂ©lyes beÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ³dÃƒÂ¡ssal, mindenekelÃ…Â‘tt azzal az elszÃƒÂ¡nt hittel, hogy neki sikerÃƒÂ¼l az, amit csinÃƒÂ¡l. (2) A csalÃƒÂ¡di ÃƒÂ¶sszefogÃƒÂ¡s ÃƒÂ©s szolidaritÃƒÂ¡s. (3) Legyenek helyben, vagy a kÃƒÂ¶rnyezÃ…Â‘ telepÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ©seken olyan gazdÃƒÂ¡k, akiknek egybeesnek a stratÃƒÂ©giÃƒÂ¡ik. Az ÃƒÂºjkapitalizmusban a gazdÃƒÂ¡k eredmÃƒÂ©nyessÃƒÂ©ge nemcsak a kemÃƒÂ©ny gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi tÃƒÂ©nyezÃ…Â‘ktÃ…Â‘l, tehÃƒÂ¡t a befektetett tÃ…Â‘kÃƒÂ©tÃ…Â‘l, hanem a lÃƒÂ¡gyabb tÃƒÂ¡rsadalmi tÃƒÂ©nyezÃ…Â‘ktÃ…Â‘l, ÃƒÂ­gy pÃƒÂ©ldÃƒÂ¡ul a gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi beÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ³dÃƒÂ¡stÃƒÂ³l is fÃƒÂ¼gg, tovÃƒÂ¡bbÃƒÂ¡ eredmÃƒÂ©nyessÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ¼kben az egyik legfontosabb erÃ…Â‘forrÃƒÂ¡st a csalÃƒÂ¡d jelenti. ------------------------- The aim of the research was to determine farmersÃ¢Â€Â™ working habits and which of these they could successfully adapt to the market economy. It is characteristic of full-time independent farmers that they enjoy working Ã¢Â€Â“ a trait inherited from their parents. All have strong personalities, which is why they have built up their own, autonomous farms, thereby also establishing their own autonomous personality. Independent farmers in the agricultural sector took their ready-made templates for the development of their farms firstly from the household, secondly from family farms prior to total collectivisation, and only thirdly from earlier working relationships and experiences. The following types of working habit were outlined by the study: rustic, post-rustic, rustic-bourgeois, productionist managerial, technocratic managerial, and entrepreneurial. FarmersÃ¢Â€Â™ habits are characteristically not homogenous; rather a number of habitual elements are combined as a function of earlier life-experience and conditions. This development is partly due to the fact that after the democratic transition a vacuum developed in this field and traditional habits trickled back unobtrusively into this vacuum. On the other hand, new entrepreneurial habits are difficult to develop, because their development requires at least the following three conditions: (1) the farmer must possess certain personal attitudes, primarily an unshakable faith in their own success; (2) family unity and solidarity; and (3) there need to be farmers with coinciding strategies, either locally or in the surrounding settlements. In the new capitalism, farmersÃ¢Â€Â™ success depends not only on hard economic facts, in other words on capital investment, but also on softer, social factors such as economic attitudes. Furthermore, the family represents one of the most important resources in their success.</abstract>
  <keywords>fÃ…Â‘foglalkozÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂº egyÃƒÂ©ni gazdÃƒÂ¡k, habitus, siker, ÃƒÂºjkapitalizmus, full-time independent farmers, working habits, success, new capitalism, Agricultural and Food Policy, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Labor and Human Capital,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>3</issue>
   <issuedate>2008</issuedate>
   <volume>52</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/58591</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Kovacs, Terez</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:57731</identifier><datestamp>2010-03-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:57731">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>Az agrÃƒÂ¡r-kÃƒÂ¶zgazdasÃƒÂ¡gtan ÃƒÂ©s az ÃƒÂ¡tmenet: Ã¢Â€ÂžMit vÃƒÂ¡rtunk, mi tÃƒÂ¶rtÃƒÂ©nt ÃƒÂ©s a tanulsÃƒÂ¡gokÃ¢Â€Â KÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶s IAAE-EAAE szeminÃƒÂ¡rium</title>
  <abstract>KKE- ÃƒÂ©s FÃƒÂK-orszÃƒÂ¡gok, ÃƒÂ¶rÃƒÂ¶ksÃƒÂ©gek, fejlÃ…Â‘dÃƒÂ©si sajÃƒÂ¡tossÃƒÂ¡gok, feladatok. ÃƒÂ–sszefoglalÃƒÂ³ megÃƒÂ¡llapÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sok, kÃƒÂ¶vetkeztetÃƒÂ©sek, javaslatok MindenekelÃ…Â‘tt megÃƒÂ¡llapÃƒÂ­thatÃƒÂ³, hogy a szeminÃƒÂ¡rium demonstrÃƒÂ¡lta az agrÃƒÂ¡rgazdasÃƒÂ¡gi szakma erÃ…Â‘ssÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©t EurÃƒÂ³pÃƒÂ¡ban, kÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¶nÃƒÂ¶sen KÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ©p- ÃƒÂ©s Kelet-EurÃƒÂ³pÃƒÂ¡ban. Az elÃ…Â‘adÃƒÂ¡sok ÃƒÂ©s vitÃƒÂ¡k nagyon hasznos kÃƒÂ¶vetkeztetÃƒÂ©sekre ÃƒÂ©s tanulsÃƒÂ¡gokra vezettek, mind a gazdasÃƒÂ¡gpolitikusok, mind pedig az oktatÃƒÂ³i ÃƒÂ©s kutatÃƒÂ³i kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶ssÃƒÂ©gek szÃƒÂ¡mÃƒÂ¡ra. Az agrÃƒÂ¡r-gazdasÃƒÂ¡gtani prioritÃƒÂ¡sok kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶tt hangot kapott a fejlett orszÃƒÂ¡gok agrÃƒÂ¡rgazdasÃƒÂ¡gtani fÃ…Â‘ÃƒÂ¡ramlataihoz valÃƒÂ³ igazodÃƒÂ¡s; az empirikus elemzÃƒÂ©sek, az elemzÃƒÂ©si eljÃƒÂ¡rÃƒÂ¡sok, a gazdasÃƒÂ¡gpolitikai elemzÃƒÂ©sek ÃƒÂ©s elÃ…Â‘rejelzÃƒÂ©sek fontossÃƒÂ¡ga; a vidÃƒÂ©kfejlesztÃƒÂ©s jelentÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©ge; az agrÃƒÂ¡rÃƒÂ¶konÃƒÂ³mia oktatÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡nak minÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©g javÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sa; a doktorkÃƒÂ©pzÃƒÂ©s korszerÃ…Â±sÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©se ÃƒÂ©s a kÃƒÂ¼lfÃƒÂ¶ldi kÃƒÂ©pzÃƒÂ©s felkarolÃƒÂ¡sa; az agrÃƒÂ¡rgazdasÃƒÂ¡gi kutatÃƒÂ¡sok szÃƒÂ­nvonalÃƒÂ¡nak emelÃƒÂ©se; az informÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³csere ÃƒÂ©s a szemÃƒÂ©lyes, hagyomÃƒÂ¡nyos kapcsolatok erÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©se. MegÃƒÂ¡llapÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡st nyert tovÃƒÂ¡bbÃƒÂ¡, hogy a KKE- ÃƒÂ©s a FÃƒÂK-orszÃƒÂ¡gokban, a fejlett piacgazdasÃƒÂ¡gÃƒÂº orszÃƒÂ¡gokhoz kÃƒÂ©pest, jÃƒÂ³val nagyobb a foglalkoztatÃƒÂ¡sbÃƒÂ³l ÃƒÂ©s a nemzeti jÃƒÂ¶vedelembÃ…Â‘l valÃƒÂ³ rÃƒÂ©szesedÃƒÂ©s. JelentÃ…Â‘sek ugyan a mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi erÃ…Â‘forrÃƒÂ¡sok, de alacsony a hatÃƒÂ©konysÃƒÂ¡g, ÃƒÂ©s az ÃƒÂ¡tmenet miatt csÃƒÂ¶kkentek a kibocsÃƒÂ¡tÃƒÂ¡sok. Az ÃƒÂ¡talakulÃƒÂ¡s, ÃƒÂ¡tmenet ÃƒÂºtjÃƒÂ¡ban ÃƒÂ©s mÃƒÂ³djÃƒÂ¡ban lÃƒÂ©nyeges eltÃƒÂ©rÃƒÂ©sek tapasztalhatÃƒÂ³k a KKE- ÃƒÂ©s FÃƒÂK-orszÃƒÂ¡gok kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶tt. A VilÃƒÂ¡gbank elemzÃƒÂ©se nÃƒÂ©gy csoportot kÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¶nbÃƒÂ¶ztet meg: a reformokat teljesÃƒÂ­tÃ…Â‘k, a haladÃƒÂ³ reformerek, a mÃƒÂ©rsÃƒÂ©kelt reformerek ÃƒÂ©s a lassÃƒÂº reformerek csoportjÃƒÂ¡t. Ezekben differenciÃƒÂ¡ltan zajlik, zajlott a magÃƒÂ¡ntulajdon ÃƒÂ©s a piaci viszonyok helyreÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sa, a liberalizÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³, a deregulÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³. MegÃƒÂ¡llapÃƒÂ­thatÃƒÂ³, hogy a nagyszÃƒÂ¡mÃƒÂº elÃ…Â‘rejelzÃƒÂ©sek csak megkÃƒÂ¶zelÃƒÂ­tÃ…Â‘ pontossÃƒÂ¡gÃƒÂºak voltak, s a folyamatokban igen bonyolult az intÃƒÂ©zmÃƒÂ©nyrendszer ÃƒÂ¡talakÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sa, a fÃƒÂ¶ldtulajdon rendezÃƒÂ©se, az egyÃƒÂ©ni gazdÃƒÂ¡lkodÃƒÂ¡s kibontakoztatÃƒÂ¡sa ÃƒÂ©s a finanszÃƒÂ­rozÃƒÂ¡s megoldÃƒÂ¡sa. EgyÃƒÂ©rtelmÃ…Â± az EU-csatlakozÃƒÂ¡s pozitÃƒÂ­v hatÃƒÂ¡sa az ÃƒÂ©rintett orszÃƒÂ¡gokban. Fontos feladat a komparatÃƒÂ­v elÃ…Â‘nyÃƒÂ¶k kihasznÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ¡sa, a hatÃƒÂ©konysÃƒÂ¡g, versenykÃƒÂ©pessÃƒÂ©g erÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©se, a modernizÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ¡s, a kÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¶nfÃƒÂ©le integrÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³k kibontakoztatÃƒÂ¡sa. - It can be stated above all that the seminar demonstrated the strength of the agro-economic profession in Europe and particularly in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). The presentations and debates lead to very useful conclusions and lessons learned, both for political economists and the teaching and researching communities. Among priorities in agro-economic studies the following were voiced: adaptation to the main trends in developed countriesÃ¢Â€Â™ agro-economic studies; the importance of empirical analyses, analytical procedures, political economy analyses and forecasts; the significance of rural development; improving the quality of agro-economic tuition; modernising training for doctorates and embracing training abroad; raising the standard of agro-economic research; information exchange and the strengthening of traditional, personal relations. Furthermore, it was determined that in comparison to countries with more developed market economies, there is a much greater share from employment and national revenues in CEE and Russian Federation countries. Agricultural resources are significant, but efficiency is low and due to the transition outputs have fallen. Substantial differences can be seen between CEE and Russian Federation countries in the path and manner of transformation or transition. The World Bank analysis differentiates four groups: successful, advanced, moderate and slow reformers. The reconstruction of private ownership and market conditions, liberalisation and deregulation are all taking - or have taken - place differently in these groups. It can be determined that the numerous forecasts were only approximately correct and that the processes of transforming institutions, sorting out land ownership, developing individual farms and solving issues of financing, are all extremely complex. The positive impact of EU accession is obvious in all affected countries. Making the most of comparative advantages, strengthening efficiency and competitiveness, modernising and putting forth various forms of integration, are all important tasks.</abstract>
  <keywords>agrÃƒÂ¡rgazdasÃƒÂ¡gi szakma, agrÃƒÂ¡r-gazdasÃƒÂ¡gtani prioritÃƒÂ¡sok, agro-economic profession, priorities in agro-economic studies, CEE and Russian Federation countries, inheritances, development peculiarities, tasks, Agricultural and Food Policy,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>2</issue>
   <issuedate>2008</issuedate>
   <volume>52</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/57731</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Csaki, Csaba</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:57724</identifier><datestamp>2010-03-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:57724">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>Az ÃƒÂ©lelmiszer-biztonsÃƒÂ¡g szabÃƒÂ¡lyozÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡nak kÃƒÂ¶zgazdasÃƒÂ¡gi vetÃƒÂ¼letei</title>
  <abstract>Az ÃƒÂ©lelmiszer-biztonsÃƒÂ¡g olyan speciÃƒÂ¡lis terÃƒÂ¼let, ahol a kiadÃƒÂ¡sok hasznosulÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡t a jellemzÃ…Â‘ kockÃƒÂ¡zatok elÃ…Â‘fordulÃƒÂ¡si gyakorisÃƒÂ¡gain ÃƒÂ©s ezek okozott hatÃƒÂ¡sain lehet mÃƒÂ©rni, azonban a hatÃƒÂ¡sok Ã¢Â€Â“ kÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¶nÃƒÂ¶sen azok egy rÃƒÂ©szÃƒÂ©nek lÃƒÂ¡tens jellege miatt Ã¢Â€Â“ rendkÃƒÂ­vÃƒÂ¼l nehezen becsÃƒÂ¼lhetÃ…Â‘k. A lÃƒÂ¡tens rÃƒÂ©sz pontosabb meghatÃƒÂ¡rozÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡hoz fogyasztÃƒÂ³i elemzÃƒÂ©sek szÃƒÂ¼ksÃƒÂ©gesek. Az ÃƒÂ©lelmiszer-biztonsÃƒÂ¡g gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi vetÃƒÂ¼letÃƒÂ©nek vizsgÃƒÂ¡latÃƒÂ¡nÃƒÂ¡l a jÃƒÂ³lÃƒÂ©ti kÃƒÂ¶zgazdasÃƒÂ¡gtan ÃƒÂ©s a humÃƒÂ¡ntÃ…Â‘ke-modell jÃƒÂ¡tszhat szerepet. Ezek kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¼l a nemzetkÃƒÂ¶zi gyakorlat a kÃƒÂ¶nnyebb kvantifikÃƒÂ¡lhatÃƒÂ³sÃƒÂ¡g miatt elsÃ…Â‘sorban a humÃƒÂ¡ntÃ…Â‘kemodellt alkalmazza. Az ÃƒÂ©lelmiszer-biztonsÃƒÂ¡gi okokra visszavezethetÃ…Â‘ megbetegedÃƒÂ©sek gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi hatÃƒÂ¡sait a hÃƒÂ¡ztartÃƒÂ¡sok, a vÃƒÂ¡llalatok ÃƒÂ©s az ÃƒÂ¡llam (ezen belÃƒÂ¼l is kiemelten az ellÃƒÂ¡tÃƒÂ³rendszerek) szintjÃƒÂ©n indokolt elvÃƒÂ©gezni. Az ÃƒÂ¡llami beavatkozÃƒÂ¡s kÃƒÂ¶vetkeztÃƒÂ©ben kimutathatÃƒÂ³ elmozdulÃƒÂ¡sok figyelembevÃƒÂ©telÃƒÂ©vel becslÃƒÂ©s adhatÃƒÂ³ a szabÃƒÂ¡lyozÃƒÂ¡s optimÃƒÂ¡lis szintjÃƒÂ©re vonatkozÃƒÂ³an. A szabÃƒÂ¡lyozÃƒÂ¡st ez esetben kizÃƒÂ¡rÃƒÂ³lag a hatÃƒÂ³sÃƒÂ¡gi intÃƒÂ©zmÃƒÂ©nyrendszer fenntartÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡ra kÃƒÂ¶ltÃƒÂ¶tt ÃƒÂ¶sszeg reprezentÃƒÂ¡lja, azonban a vizsgÃƒÂ¡lat kÃƒÂ©sÃ…Â‘bbi fÃƒÂ¡zisaiban ez diverzifikÃƒÂ¡lhatÃƒÂ³. A modell figyelmen kÃƒÂ­vÃƒÂ¼l hagyja az ÃƒÂ©lelmiszerbiztonsÃƒÂ¡gi problÃƒÂ©mÃƒÂ¡k kÃƒÂ¶zvetett hatÃƒÂ¡sait is, amilyenek pÃƒÂ©ldÃƒÂ¡ul a belsÃ…Â‘ fogyasztÃƒÂ¡sban valÃƒÂ³ ÃƒÂ¡gazati visszaesÃƒÂ©s ÃƒÂ©s a nemzetkÃƒÂ¶zi piackÃƒÂ©pessÃƒÂ©g. - Food safety is a special field, where the value of investment may be measured by the incidence of characteristic risks and the effects they cause, although such effects especial the latent ones can only be assessed with exceptional difficulties. A more precise determination of latent effects requires consumer analyses. Social welfare economics and human capital models may serve for the investigation of economic background to food safety. Of these two international practices employ primarily the human capital model because of the easier ways of quantification. The economic effects of diseases traceable to lack of food safety need to be investigated in households, at enterprises and at state (especially in servicing systems) levels. Assessment of the optimal level of regulations may be provided by taking into account perceivable changes due to state intervention. The sum of money spent on the maintenance of state institutions represents the level of regulation, although this can be diversified during the later phases of investigation. This model pays no attention to the indirect effects of food safety problems, such as a slump of internal consumption in the sector or international marketability.</abstract>
  <keywords>ÃƒÂ©lelmiszer-biztonsÃƒÂ¡g, kockÃƒÂ¡zat, tÃƒÂ¶kÃƒÂ©letlen piacok, food safety, risks, imperfect markets, Agricultural and Food Policy, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>1</issue>
   <issuedate>2008</issuedate>
   <volume>52</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/57724</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Podruzsik, Szilard</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Kasza, Gyula</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:58599</identifier><datestamp>2010-03-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:58599">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>KÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ©p-szigetkÃƒÂ¶z ÃƒÂ¡llattenyÃƒÂ©sztÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©nek helyzete ÃƒÂ©s fejlesztÃƒÂ©se</title>
  <abstract>A SzigetkÃƒÂ¶zben a legnagyobb ÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©ket maga a tÃƒÂ¡j kÃƒÂ©pviseli, melynek megÃ…Â‘rzÃƒÂ©se, fenntartÃƒÂ¡sa, a valamikori hÃƒÂ­res ÃƒÂ¡llattenyÃƒÂ©sztÃƒÂ©s ÃƒÂºjraÃƒÂ©lesztÃƒÂ©se kÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¶nÃƒÂ¶sen nagy feladatot rÃƒÂ³ a mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡gra, a vÃƒÂ¡llalkozÃƒÂ³kra. A vizsgÃƒÂ¡latok kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ©ppontjÃƒÂ¡ba a szigetkÃƒÂ¶zi ÃƒÂ¡llatitermÃƒÂ©k-termÃƒÂ©kpÃƒÂ¡lyÃƒÂ¡ja ÃƒÂ¡llt, tovÃƒÂ¡bbÃƒÂ¡ a tÃƒÂ©rsÃƒÂ©g ÃƒÂ¡llatitermÃƒÂ©k-elÃ…Â‘ÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡nak vidÃƒÂ©kfejlesztÃƒÂ©sben betÃƒÂ¶lthetÃ…Â‘ szerepe ÃƒÂ©s lehetÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©geinek feltÃƒÂ¡rÃƒÂ¡sa szerepelt. A vizsgÃƒÂ¡lati eredmÃƒÂ©nyeket helyzetÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kelÃƒÂ©si modell foglalta ÃƒÂ¶ssze, mely szerint csÃƒÂ¶kkent az ÃƒÂ¡llatÃƒÂ¡llomÃƒÂ¡ny, a gazdasÃƒÂ¡gok szÃƒÂ¡ma ÃƒÂ©s a kibocsÃƒÂ¡tott ÃƒÂ¡llati termÃƒÂ©kek mennyisÃƒÂ©ge, korszerÃ…Â±tlen a technolÃƒÂ³gia ÃƒÂ©s technika, a vertikÃƒÂ¡lis termÃƒÂ©kpÃƒÂ¡lya hiÃƒÂ¡nyos ÃƒÂ©s feszÃƒÂ¼ltsÃƒÂ©gekkel terhelt, a gyepgazdÃƒÂ¡lkodÃƒÂ¡s lehetÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©gei kiaknÃƒÂ¡zatlanok, a gazdÃƒÂ¡lkodÃƒÂ³k termelÃƒÂ©si motivÃƒÂ¡ltsÃƒÂ¡ga alacsony szÃƒÂ­nvonalÃƒÂº. E zek figyelembevÃƒÂ©telÃƒÂ©vel kerÃƒÂ¼lt sor a megvalÃƒÂ³sÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡s lÃƒÂ©pÃƒÂ©seit tartalmazÃƒÂ³ feladatmeghatÃƒÂ¡rozÃƒÂ¡si modell kidolgozÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡ra, amely szÃƒÂ¡mol a tÃƒÂ©rsÃƒÂ©gi vidÃƒÂ©kfejlesztÃƒÂ©si szervezetek tÃƒÂ¶rekvÃƒÂ©seivel, azok eddigi eredmÃƒÂ©nyeivel, valamint a mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡g tÃƒÂ¡jmegÃ…Â‘rzÃ…Â‘, vidÃƒÂ©k- ÃƒÂ©s falufejlesztÃƒÂ©sben betÃƒÂ¶lthetÃ…Â‘ sokrÃƒÂ©tÃ…Â± szerepÃƒÂ©vel a KÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ©p-SzigetkÃƒÂ¶zben. ----------------------- In the SzigetkÃƒÂ¶z region its landscape is considered as having the highest value, conservation and sustainable cultivation of this landscape as well as reviving of its once famous animal breeding is a major task for agriculture and enterpreneurs. Our analysis focused on the livestock chain and recovering of its potential role in rural development. Results of the analysis of initial situation have been synthetised by a model. The main statements were the followings. Number of farms, animals and livestock output decreased. Production technologies are outdated, utilization of pastures and producerÃ¢Â€Â™s motivation are low, among vertical elements of the livestock chain there have been imperfections and tense situations. These statements were taken into consideration in development of the second model which served for determination of future tasks. This model contains aspirations and hitherto results of rural development organizations as well as multifunctional role of agriculture which it fulfils in landscape conservation and rural development of this region.</abstract>
  <keywords>SzigetkÃƒÂ¶z, ÃƒÂ¡llati termÃƒÂ©k, modellalkotÃƒÂ¡si eljÃƒÂ¡rÃƒÂ¡sok, vidÃƒÂ©kfejlesztÃƒÂ©si stratÃƒÂ©gia, fejleszthetÃ…Â‘ terÃƒÂ¼letek, region SzigetkÃƒÂ¶z, livestock products, modelling procedures, rural development strategy, prosperous areas, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Livestock Production/Industries,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>4</issue>
   <issuedate>2008</issuedate>
   <volume>52</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/58599</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Horvath, Eszter</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:58592</identifier><datestamp>2010-03-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:58592">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>A fogyasztÃƒÂ³i magatartÃƒÂ¡st befolyÃƒÂ¡solÃƒÂ³ tÃƒÂ©nyezÃ…Â‘k szerepe az ÃƒÂ¡llati eredetÃ…Â± ÃƒÂ¶kotermÃƒÂ©kek piacÃƒÂ¡n</title>
  <abstract>B udapesten ÃƒÂ©s GyÃ…Â‘rben vÃƒÂ©gzett nÃƒÂ©gyszÃƒÂ¡z fÃ…Â‘s, megkÃƒÂ©rdezÃƒÂ©sen alapulÃƒÂ³ ÃƒÂ¶konometriai ÃƒÂ©s hagyomÃƒÂ¡nyos statisztikai feldolgozÃƒÂ¡sbÃƒÂ³l szÃƒÂ¡rmazÃƒÂ³ adatok alapjÃƒÂ¡n megÃƒÂ¡llapÃƒÂ­thatÃƒÂ³, hogy az ÃƒÂ¶kolÃƒÂ³giai gazdÃƒÂ¡lkodÃƒÂ¡sbÃƒÂ³l szÃƒÂ¡rmazÃƒÂ³ termÃƒÂ©kek irÃƒÂ¡nti vÃƒÂ¡rosi fogyasztÃƒÂ³i igÃƒÂ©nyt a megkÃƒÂ©rdezÃƒÂ©s helye, a megkÃƒÂ©rdezettek neme, az iskolai vÃƒÂ©gzettsÃƒÂ©g ÃƒÂ©s a jÃƒÂ¶vedelmi helyzet befolyÃƒÂ¡solta. Az ÃƒÂ¶kotermÃƒÂ©k-fogyasztÃƒÂ¡s elÃ…Â‘segÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©se ÃƒÂ©s ÃƒÂ¶sztÃƒÂ¶nzÃƒÂ©se, az ÃƒÂ¡llandÃƒÂ³ ÃƒÂ©s alkalmi fogyasztÃƒÂ³k bÃƒÂ¡zisÃƒÂ¡nak erÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©se, a potenciÃƒÂ¡lis vÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡rlÃƒÂ³k megnyerÃƒÂ©se ÃƒÂ©rdekÃƒÂ©ben olyan cÃƒÂ©lirÃƒÂ¡nyos ismeretterjesztÃ…Â‘ marketingprogramok megvalÃƒÂ³sÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sa javasolhatÃƒÂ³, amelyek szÃƒÂ©les kÃƒÂ¶rben ismerttÃƒÂ© teszik az ÃƒÂ¶kotermÃƒÂ©kek tulajdonsÃƒÂ¡gait, megbÃƒÂ­zhatÃƒÂ³sÃƒÂ¡gÃƒÂ¡t ÃƒÂ©s minÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©t. --------------------------- Data derived from the processing of econometric and traditional statistics based on questions put to 400 people in Budapest and GyÃ…Â‘r, shows that urban consumer demand for produce from organic farms is influenced by geographical location, gender, educational qualifications and income. In the interests of encouraging organic produce consumption, strengthening the base of regular and occasional consumers, and winning over potential new customers, we recommend implementation of a targeted, awareness-raising marketing programme that informs a wide circle of the characteristics, trustworthiness and quality of organic produce.</abstract>
  <keywords>ÃƒÂ¶kotermÃƒÂ©k, fogyasztÃƒÂ³i szokÃƒÂ¡sok, fizetÃƒÂ©si hajlandÃƒÂ³sÃƒÂ¡g, fogyasztÃƒÂ³i felÃƒÂ¡r, organic produce, consumer habits, willingness to pay, consumer premium, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Livestock Production/Industries, Marketing,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>3</issue>
   <issuedate>2008</issuedate>
   <volume>52</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/58592</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Foldes, Fruzsina</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Dome, Botond</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:58600</identifier><datestamp>2010-03-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:58600">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>ÃƒÂšj utakon az agrÃƒÂ¡rgazdasÃƒÂ¡gi kutatÃƒÂ¡sok</title>
  <abstract>Az agrÃƒÂ¡rgazdasÃƒÂ¡g nemzetkÃƒÂ¶zi kutatÃƒÂ¡si irÃƒÂ¡nyzatait abbÃƒÂ³l a cÃƒÂ©lbÃƒÂ³l tekintettÃƒÂ¼k ÃƒÂ¡t, hogy a jÃƒÂ¶vÃ…Â‘ben azokhoz a magyarorszÃƒÂ¡gi kutatÃƒÂ¡s is felzÃƒÂ¡rkÃƒÂ³zhasson. Ehhez kÃƒÂ©t kÃƒÂ¶zelÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©si mÃƒÂ³dot alkalmaztunk: egyrÃƒÂ©szt a jelenlegi (fÃ…Â‘kÃƒÂ©nt a 2000-es) ÃƒÂ©vtized szakirodalma alapjÃƒÂ¡n prÃƒÂ³bÃƒÂ¡ltuk meghatÃƒÂ¡rozni a hosszabb tÃƒÂ¡von vÃƒÂ¡rhatÃƒÂ³ tendenciÃƒÂ¡kat, mÃƒÂ¡srÃƒÂ©szt a kÃƒÂ¶zelmÃƒÂºltbeli konferenciÃƒÂ¡k tÃƒÂ©mÃƒÂ¡inak elemzÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©vel kÃƒÂ­sÃƒÂ©reltÃƒÂ¼k meg a tematikai arÃƒÂ¡nyok rÃƒÂ¶vid tÃƒÂ¡vÃƒÂº vÃƒÂ¡ltozÃƒÂ¡sait megbecsÃƒÂ¼lni. A hosszÃƒÂº tÃƒÂ¡vÃƒÂº ÃƒÂºj irÃƒÂ¡nyzatok kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¼l kiemelhetÃ…Â‘k egyrÃƒÂ©szt a transzdiszciplinÃƒÂ¡ris kutatÃƒÂ¡sok, amelyeket az EUEU is zÃƒÂ¡szlajÃƒÂ¡ra tÃ…Â±zÃƒÂ¶tt, s ma mÃƒÂ¡r nemzetkÃƒÂ¶zi intÃƒÂ©zete, folyÃƒÂ³irata ÃƒÂ©s nemzetkÃƒÂ¶zi szÃƒÂ¶vetsÃƒÂ©ge is van. KiemelhetÃ…Â‘k mÃƒÂ¡srÃƒÂ©szt a mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi ÃƒÂ©s kÃƒÂ¶zgazdasÃƒÂ¡gi paradigmÃƒÂ¡kkal kapcsolatos egyenkÃƒÂ©nti ÃƒÂ©s ÃƒÂ¶sszehasonlÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ³ vizsgÃƒÂ¡latok, amelyek a jÃƒÂ¶vÃ…Â‘ben szÃƒÂ¼ksÃƒÂ©ges szemlÃƒÂ©letmÃƒÂ³dokat alapozzÃƒÂ¡k meg. MegkÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¶nbÃƒÂ¶ztetett figyelmet ÃƒÂ©rdemel a multifunkciÃƒÂ³s ÃƒÂ©s a globalizÃƒÂ¡lt mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡g paradigmÃƒÂ¡ja, valamint a biofizikai, illetve ÃƒÂ¶kolÃƒÂ³giai kÃƒÂ¶zgazdasÃƒÂ¡gtan irÃƒÂ¡nyzata. Az ÃƒÂ¡ttekintett tizenegy nemzetkÃƒÂ¶zi tanÃƒÂ¡cskozÃƒÂ¡s programja tÃƒÂ¼krÃƒÂ©ben azt vizsgÃƒÂ¡ltuk, hogy az egyes nemzetkÃƒÂ¶zi tanÃƒÂ¡cskozÃƒÂ¡sok tÃƒÂ©mÃƒÂ¡i mennyiben tudtak az elmÃƒÂºlt ÃƒÂ©vekben a kutatÃƒÂ¡sok fÃ…Â‘ÃƒÂ¡ramÃƒÂ¡ba beÃƒÂ¡gyazÃƒÂ³dni. Ez segÃƒÂ­thet a hazai kutatÃƒÂ¡sok helyes irÃƒÂ¡nyainak kijelÃƒÂ¶lÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©ben. KÃƒÂ©tsÃƒÂ©gkÃƒÂ­vÃƒÂ¼l a rendszervÃƒÂ¡ltÃƒÂ¡s utÃƒÂ¡ni ÃƒÂ©vekben jelentÃ…Â‘sen visszaesett a magyar kutatÃƒÂ³k nemzetkÃƒÂ¶zi fÃƒÂ³rumokon valÃƒÂ³ jelenlÃƒÂ©te, ami csak a legutÃƒÂ³bbi ÃƒÂ©vekben kezd pozitÃƒÂ­v irÃƒÂ¡nyba elmozdulni. Ebben dÃƒÂ¶ntÃ…Â‘ szerepe van az ÃƒÂºj, fiatal ÃƒÂ©s rÃƒÂ©szben kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ©pgenerÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³nak, illetve nÃƒÂ©hÃƒÂ¡ny hazai mÃ…Â±helynek. A kÃƒÂ©rdÃƒÂ©s az, hogy milyen tovÃƒÂ¡bbi tennivalÃƒÂ³ink vannak abban a tekintetben, hogy a kÃƒÂ¶vetkezÃ…Â‘ ÃƒÂ©vekben a hazai kutatÃƒÂ³k eredmÃƒÂ©nyei nagyobb arÃƒÂ¡nyban igazodjanak a fÃ…Â‘ÃƒÂ¡ramhoz ÃƒÂ©s mÃƒÂ©rettessenek meg nemzetkÃƒÂ¶zi szinten, bekerÃƒÂ¼lve a tanÃƒÂ¡cskozÃƒÂ¡sok plenÃƒÂ¡ris, Ã¢Â€Âžcontributed paperÃ¢Â€Â ÃƒÂ©s poszter szekciÃƒÂ³iba, ÃƒÂ©s mindehhez milyen lÃƒÂ©pÃƒÂ©sek szÃƒÂ¼ksÃƒÂ©gesek a kutatÃƒÂ¡si tÃƒÂ©mavÃƒÂ¡lasztÃƒÂ¡sban ÃƒÂ©s az alkalmazott mÃƒÂ³dszertanban. ---------------------- International trends of researches in agricultural economics have been surveyed in order to help Hungarian research in closing up. Two different approaches have been applied: we tried to indicate long-term tendencies based on recent literature (mainly of the present decade) while short-term shifts in theme structure have been assessed based on international conference topics. From the long-term new trends transdisciplinary researches can be highlighted which is a new target of the EU as well and has its own journal, research institute and international association. From another direction single and comparative analyses of agricultural and economical paradigms should be mentioned which can lay the foundation of attitudes or approaches usable in future researches. For examples, paradigms of multifunctional agriculture and that of globalised agriculture are worth to distinct attention, as are relatively new economic paradigms such as biophysical economics or ecological economics as well. In connection with conferences we tried to discover how programs of international meetings could join in the mainstream of researches. This could help in the correct determination of directions of Hungarian researches. After the political transition presence of Hungarian scientists on international meetings undoubtedly reduced and this trend seems to change only in the last years. In this change the young generation of researchers and some institutions play a great part. The challenge is what further works are to be done in better adapting domestic researches to the mainstream and enabling Hungarian scientists in a more intensive involvement to international meetings and in living up to their commitments.</abstract>
  <keywords>agrÃƒÂ¡rgazdasÃƒÂ¡gtan, kutatÃƒÂ¡si irÃƒÂ¡nyzatok, tudomÃƒÂ¡nyos haladÃƒÂ¡s, paradigma, transzdiszciplÃƒÂ­na, konferenciÃƒÂ¡k, agricultural economics, reseach trends, scientific progress, paradigm, transdiscipline, conferences, Agribusiness, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>4</issue>
   <issuedate>2008</issuedate>
   <volume>52</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/58600</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Meszaros, Sandor</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Forgacs, Csaba</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:57725</identifier><datestamp>2010-03-12</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:57725">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>Az elsÃ…Â‘ magyar agrÃƒÂ¡rkereskedelmi elektronikus piactÃƒÂ©r tapasztalatai</title>
  <abstract>Az agrÃƒÂ¡rvÃƒÂ¡llalkozÃƒÂ¡sok fÃƒÂ¶ldrajzilag szÃƒÂ©tszÃƒÂ³rt elhelyezkedÃƒÂ©se, nagy tÃƒÂ¡volsÃƒÂ¡gok, lassÃƒÂº ÃƒÂ©s magas kÃƒÂ¶ltsÃƒÂ©ggel mÃ…Â±kÃƒÂ¶dÃ…Â‘ informatikai lehetÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©gek, valamint a gyorsan vÃƒÂ¡ltozÃƒÂ³ gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi, szabÃƒÂ¡lyozÃƒÂ¡si ÃƒÂ©s politikai kÃƒÂ¶rnyezet kÃƒÂ¶vetkeztÃƒÂ©ben folyamatosan nÃƒÂ¶vekszik az informÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³igÃƒÂ©ny. Az informatikai fejlesztÃƒÂ©sek cÃƒÂ©lja a mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi termelÃƒÂ©s versenykÃƒÂ©pessÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©nek tÃƒÂ¡mogatÃƒÂ¡sa a lokÃƒÂ¡lis, regionÃƒÂ¡lis ÃƒÂ©s globÃƒÂ¡lis piacokon. Az egyik ilyen versenykÃƒÂ©pessÃƒÂ©gi tÃƒÂ©nyezÃ…Â‘ az elektronikus kereskedelem kÃƒÂ­nÃƒÂ¡lta lehetÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©gek megragadÃƒÂ¡sa ÃƒÂ©s a technolÃƒÂ³gia kÃƒÂ­nÃƒÂ¡lta szolgÃƒÂ¡ltatÃƒÂ¡sok kiaknÃƒÂ¡zÃƒÂ¡sa. Jelen publikÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³ arrÃƒÂ³l szeretne kÃƒÂ©pet adni, hogyan is jÃƒÂ¶tt lÃƒÂ©tre a magyar mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi termÃƒÂ©kek ÃƒÂ©s szolgÃƒÂ¡ltatÃƒÂ¡sok elektronikus kereskedelmÃƒÂ©nek elsÃ…Â‘ piactere ÃƒÂ©s portÃƒÂ¡lja. A piactÃƒÂ©r mÃ…Â±kÃƒÂ¶dÃƒÂ©se rÃƒÂ©vÃƒÂ©n az e-kereskedelem ÃƒÂ¶sszefÃƒÂ¼ggÃƒÂ©sei felszÃƒÂ­nre hozzÃƒÂ¡k a hazai agribusiness ellÃƒÂ¡tÃƒÂ¡si lÃƒÂ¡ncÃƒÂ¡ban lÃƒÂ©vÃ…Â‘ feszÃƒÂ¼ltsÃƒÂ©geket, a makro- ÃƒÂ©s mikroszinten jelentkezÃ…Â‘ problÃƒÂ©mÃƒÂ¡k gyÃƒÂ¶kereit. A hazai agrÃƒÂ¡r e-kereskedelem fejlesztÃƒÂ©sek tapasztalatai bizonyÃƒÂ­tjÃƒÂ¡k, hogy pusztÃƒÂ¡n innovatÃƒÂ­v technolÃƒÂ³giafejlesztÃƒÂ©ssel nem lehetsÃƒÂ©ges ismereti ÃƒÂ©s kulturÃƒÂ¡lis hiÃƒÂ¡nyokat pÃƒÂ³tolni. MÃ…Â±kÃƒÂ¶dÃ…Â‘ ÃƒÂ©s fenntarthatÃƒÂ³ ÃƒÂºj tÃƒÂ¡rsadalmi ÃƒÂ©s gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi mechanizmusok kialakÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡hoz attitÃ…Â±dvÃƒÂ¡ltozÃƒÂ¡s szÃƒÂ¼ksÃƒÂ©ges. - This paper introduces the experiences relating to the first Hungarian agricultural portal project Ã¢Â€Â“ called Agriportal, www.agriportal.hu - the first mission of which was to create the first Hungarian electronic marketplace for agrotrade. We examine all the circumstances, results and all the relevant economic environmental issues that affected the creation and the operation of this e-commerce portal. One of the authors of this paper was the project leader, so we have first hand information regarding the transactions and experiences. We seek to draw the attention of agricultural experts to all the issues and results that have arisen around this electronic marketplace project. Through the interconnections of e-commerce all the conflicts existing in the agricultural supply chain emerge, alongside other related problems occurring at the macro and microeconomic level. Results prove that portal technology development alone cannot substitute for a lack of business culture and knowledge. We can discern that a sustainable socio-economic transformation can survive only in a positive economic atmosphere, which needs a fundamental change in attitudes towards new mechanisms.</abstract>
  <keywords>agrÃƒÂ¡rgazdasÃƒÂ¡g, e-business, piactÃƒÂ©r, portÃƒÂ¡l, e-commerce, agricultural economy, e-business, marketplace, portal, e-commerce, Agribusiness, International Relations/Trade, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>1</issue>
   <issuedate>2008</issuedate>
   <volume>52</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/57725</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Badinszky, Peter</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Varga, Peter</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:57686</identifier><datestamp>2010-03-26</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:57686">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>ÃƒÂœLTETVÃƒÂ‰NYERDÃ…ÂK SZEREPE A TÃƒÂVLATI FÃƒÂ–LDHASZNÃƒÂLATBAN</title>
  <abstract>Az ÃƒÂ¼ltetvÃƒÂ©nyerdÃ…Â‘k elterjedÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©t az erdÃ…Â‘k szociÃƒÂ¡lis, jÃƒÂ³lÃƒÂ©ti szolgÃƒÂ¡ltatÃƒÂ¡sai irÃƒÂ¡nti igÃƒÂ©nyek idÃƒÂ©ztÃƒÂ©k elÃ…Â‘. Ma vilÃƒÂ¡gszerte elterjedt a fenyÃ…Â‘k, nyÃƒÂ¡rak, Eucalyptus minÃ…Â‘-sÃƒÂ­tett fajtÃƒÂ¡inak mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi fÃƒÂ¶ldeken agronÃƒÂ³miai mÃƒÂ³dszerekkel valÃƒÂ³ termelÃƒÂ©-se. A vilÃƒÂ¡g hengeresfa ellÃƒÂ¡tÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡nak egyharmada az ÃƒÂ¶sszes erdÃ…Â‘terÃƒÂ¼let 3-5%-ÃƒÂ¡t ki-tevÃ…Â‘ ilyen ÃƒÂ¼ltetvÃƒÂ©nyekbÃ…Â‘l szÃƒÂ¡rmazik. HazÃƒÂ¡nk klÃƒÂ­mÃƒÂ¡ja kedvezÃ…Â‘ az akÃƒÂ¡c ÃƒÂ©s a nyÃƒÂ¡rak telepÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©re. A tanulmÃƒÂ¡nyban kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶lt kÃƒÂ­sÃƒÂ©rleti eredmÃƒÂ©nyek meggyÃ…Â‘zÃ…Â‘ek az eljÃƒÂ¡rÃƒÂ¡s hazai bevezetÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©hez. Az ÃƒÂ©vi fanÃƒÂ¶vedÃƒÂ©k hektÃƒÂ¡ronkÃƒÂ©nt azonos 4-5 t bÃƒÂºza ÃƒÂ¡rÃƒÂ¡val, a belsÃ…Â‘ kamatlÃƒÂ¡b 7,4-8,7%. A kitermelt faanyag kÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¶nbÃƒÂ¶zÃ…Â‘ megmunkÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ¡-sok utÃƒÂ¡n versenykÃƒÂ©pes export ÃƒÂ¡rualap, komparatÃƒÂ­v elÃ…Â‘nyÃƒÂ¶kkel, kedvezÃ…Â‘ RCA in-dexszel. Nagy szerepet kaphat az akÃƒÂ¡c az energiatermelÃƒÂ©sben is. Az agrÃƒÂ¡r-szerkezetvÃƒÂ¡ltÃƒÂ¡s igÃƒÂ©nye mÃƒÂ¡r folyamatosan felmerÃƒÂ¼lt. Az AKI teszt-ÃƒÂ¼zemi vizsgÃƒÂ¡latai szerint a vetÃƒÂ©sterÃƒÂ¼let kÃƒÂ¶zel harmada az agrÃƒÂ¡rtÃƒÂ¡mogatÃƒÂ¡sok mel-lett is vesztesÃƒÂ©ges. Az ÃƒÂ©lelmiszerek vilÃƒÂ¡gpiaci helyzetÃƒÂ©t ÃƒÂ©s az agrÃƒÂ¡rtÃƒÂ¡mogatÃƒÂ¡sok rendszerÃƒÂ©nek vÃƒÂ¡ltozÃƒÂ¡sait figyelembe vÃƒÂ©ve az AKI 450-650 ezer ha szÃƒÂ¡ntÃƒÂ³n mÃ…Â±ve-lÃƒÂ©si ÃƒÂ¡g vÃƒÂ¡ltozÃƒÂ¡st tart szÃƒÂ¼ksÃƒÂ©gesnek. A kivonÃƒÂ¡sra kerÃƒÂ¼lÃ…Â‘ fÃƒÂ¶ldek mintegy fele al-kalmas az akÃƒÂ¡c ÃƒÂ©s a nemes nyÃƒÂ¡r ÃƒÂ¼ltetvÃƒÂ©nyszerÃ…Â± telepÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©re. A telepÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©sek hoza-dÃƒÂ©ka tovÃƒÂ¡bb nÃƒÂ¶velhetnÃƒÂ© a fatermÃƒÂ©kek exportjÃƒÂ¡t. Az ÃƒÂ¡llomÃƒÂ¡nyok fejlÃ…Â‘dÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©vel le-hetÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©g nyÃƒÂ­lik a fa kÃƒÂ©miai (cellulÃƒÂ³z, metanol stb.) feldolgozÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡ra. Az ÃƒÂ¼ltetvÃƒÂ©nyer-dÃ…Â‘k intenzÃƒÂ­v kultÃƒÂºrÃƒÂ¡nak tekinthetÃ…Â‘k, ahol magas ÃƒÂ©lÃ…Â‘munkaigÃƒÂ©ny jelentkezik. Itt az alulkÃƒÂ©pzett munkaerÃ…Â‘, fiatal ÃƒÂ©s idÃ…Â‘s korÃƒÂºak foglalkoztathatÃƒÂ³k. A tÃƒÂ¡vlati fÃƒÂ¶ld-hasznÃƒÂ¡lattal kapcsolatos dÃƒÂ¶ntÃƒÂ©sek meghozatalÃƒÂ¡hoz gazdasÃƒÂ¡gossÃƒÂ¡gi szÃƒÂ¡mÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sok, kÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¶nbÃƒÂ¶zÃ…Â‘ hatÃƒÂ©konysÃƒÂ¡gi vizsgÃƒÂ¡latok mielÃ…Â‘bbi megindÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sa kÃƒÂ­vÃƒÂ¡natos. A rentÃƒÂ¡bilis fÃƒÂ¶ldhasznÃƒÂ¡lat kialakÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡hoz a vidÃƒÂ©kfejlesztÃƒÂ©si forrÃƒÂ¡sokbÃƒÂ³l ÃƒÂ©vi 20-25 ezer ha erdÃ…Â‘ telepÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©se cÃƒÂ©lszerÃ…Â±. - The expansion of tree plantations was the result of demand for the social and welfare benefits provided by forests. The cultivation of classified species of pine, poplar and eucalyptus on agricultural land, using agronomic methods, has spread across the globe. A third of the worldÃ¢Â€Â™s supply of cylindrical trees originates from such plantations, which comprise 3-5% of all forest area. HungaryÃ¢Â€Â™s climate is favourable for the planting of acacia and poplar. The experimental results of the study are persuasive in terms of introducing this procedure domestically. Each hectare of annual saplings is equivalent to the price of 4-5 tonnes of wheat; the internal rate of interest is 7.4-8.7%. Following various dressing processes, the cut of timber is a competitive export commodity reserve, with comparative advantages and a favourable RCA index. Acacia could also play a significant role in energy production. The demand for structural changes in agriculture has constantly been raised. According to the trial-works investigations of the Agricultural Economics Research Institute (AKI) close to a third of sown area is loss-making even with agricultural subsidies. Taking into account the world market situation regarding food, and changes in the system of agricultural subsidies, AKI deems it necessary to change the type of cultivation being carried out on 450-650 thousand hectares of arable land. About half of the land to be withdrawn is suitable for the plantation-style planting of acacia and poplar. The returns on planting can increase timber exports. With development of the stock, opportunities arise for chemical processing of the wood (cellulose, methanol, etc.). Tree plantations can be viewed as an intensive culture requiring a high degree of human labour. The under-skilled workforce, the young and the old can be employed here. In order to make decisions related to long-term land usage, the earliest possible initiation of economic efficiency calculations and effectiveness tests are desirable. For the purposes of developing profitable land usage, the goal is the planting of 20-25 thousand hectares of forest annually, from regional development resources.</abstract>
  <keywords>kedvezÃ…Â‘tlen adottsÃƒÂ¡gÃƒÂº terÃƒÂ¼letek, szÃƒÂ¡ntÃƒÂ³fÃƒÂ¶ldi fatermelÃƒÂ©s, export ÃƒÂ¡rualapok, rentÃƒÂ¡bilis fÃƒÂ¶ldhasznÃƒÂ¡lat, munkahelyteremtÃƒÂ©s, areas with unfavourable qualities, arable land forestry, export commodity reserves, profitable land usage, job creation, Labor and Human Capital, Land Economics/Use,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>4</issue>
   <issuedate>2007</issuedate>
   <volume>51</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/57686</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Erdos, Laszlo</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:58913</identifier><datestamp>2010-03-26</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:58913">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>THE HARMONIZATION OF THE EU CONTRACT LAW</title>
  <abstract>Why would a common contract law be optimal for the member states of the European Union? The main reason is that it would be much cheaper to set up contractual relations. If somebody conducts economic activities in the European Union, and if the same regulations apply everywhere, this unity can help this corporate or private person (entrepreneur) to work under the same conditions. If somebody wants to sell a product in the EU he/she has to be well-prepared about the different legal systems in various countries. To know these regulations is very expensive. Apart from the costs, there is also the risk of accepting another countryÃ¢Â€Â™s legal norms, which are different than home rules. The essence of the EU is the common market. The steps that the EU has taken to deepen the level of the integration in the last decades lead to this direction. Many firms or private persons do not dare to step over the borders of their home countries, because of their ignorance of the legal systems of other countries. If the EU can create a unity in some fields of the legal systems, business transactions across the borders can be made much easier.</abstract>
  <keywords>European Union, contract, harmonization, Agricultural and Food Policy, Public Economics,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>19</issue>
   <issuedate>2008</issuedate>
   <volume>51</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/58913</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Gyuris, Arpad</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:57716</identifier><datestamp>2010-03-26</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:57716">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>A SOMOGY MEGYEI VADÃƒÂSZTÃƒÂRSASÃƒÂGOK KÃƒÂ–LTSÃƒÂ‰GEI ÃƒÂ‰S BEVÃƒÂ‰TELEI</title>
  <abstract>Az elemzÃƒÂ©s szerint a Somogy megyei vadÃƒÂ¡sztÃƒÂ¡rsasÃƒÂ¡gok nyeresÃƒÂ©gesek voltak. Az ÃƒÂ¶sszkÃƒÂ¶ltsÃƒÂ©g szignifikÃƒÂ¡nsan (p&lt;0,05) befolyÃƒÂ¡solta a bevÃƒÂ©telek nagysÃƒÂ¡gÃƒÂ¡t. A vizsgÃƒÂ¡lt idÃ…Â‘tartam alatt a legnagyobb bevÃƒÂ©teli forrÃƒÂ¡s (ÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kben, arÃƒÂ¡nyban) a kÃƒÂ¼l-fÃƒÂ¶ldi bÃƒÂ©rvadÃƒÂ¡sztatÃƒÂ¡sbÃƒÂ³l, a legjelentÃ…Â‘sebb kiadÃƒÂ¡s a vadgazdÃƒÂ¡lkodÃƒÂ¡si kÃƒÂ¶ltsÃƒÂ©gbÃ…Â‘l szÃƒÂ¡rmazott. A 2004. ÃƒÂ©vben a nagymÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kÃ…Â± kiadÃƒÂ¡snÃƒÂ¶vekedÃƒÂ©st a Somogy megyei vadÃƒÂ¡sztÃƒÂ¡rsasÃƒÂ¡gok kompenzÃƒÂ¡ltÃƒÂ¡k, de az eltÃƒÂ©rÃ…Â‘ adottsÃƒÂ¡gok ÃƒÂ©s lehetÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©gek miatt, a felmerÃƒÂ¼lt problÃƒÂ©mÃƒÂ¡t a tÃƒÂ¡rsasÃƒÂ¡gok kÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¶nbÃƒÂ¶zÃ…Â‘ mÃƒÂ³don oldottÃƒÂ¡k meg (pl. tagdÃƒÂ­j nÃƒÂ¶-velÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©vel, a vaddisznÃƒÂ³hajtÃƒÂ¡s ÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kesÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©vel, tÃƒÂ¡rgyi eszkÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶k ÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kesÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©vel, a vadgazdÃƒÂ¡lkodÃƒÂ¡si kÃƒÂ¶ltsÃƒÂ©g csÃƒÂ¶kkentÃƒÂ©se segÃƒÂ­tsÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©vel). A kutatÃƒÂ¡s kvalitatÃƒÂ­v rÃƒÂ©szÃƒÂ©bÃ…Â‘l (a mÃƒÂ©lyinterjÃƒÂºkbÃƒÂ³l) kiderÃƒÂ¼lt, hogy a vadÃƒÂ¡sztÃƒÂ¡rsasÃƒÂ¡gok anyagi tartalÃƒÂ©kai (pl. a pÃƒÂ©nztartalÃƒÂ©k, az eszkÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¡llomÃƒÂ¡ny) a 2005. ÃƒÂ©v vÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©re jelentÃ…Â‘sen lecsÃƒÂ¶kkentek, ÃƒÂ©s szinte minden esetben felmerÃƒÂ¼lt az a kÃƒÂ©rdÃƒÂ©s, hogy a jÃƒÂ¶vÃ…Â‘ben milyen forrÃƒÂ¡sbÃƒÂ³l, il-letve mikÃƒÂ©nt finanszÃƒÂ­rozzÃƒÂ¡k a folyamatosan nÃƒÂ¶vekedÃ…Â‘ kÃƒÂ¶ltsÃƒÂ©geket? - The economic and social conditions of agricultural production have greatly changed since the process of acceding to the EU. The changes occurring in externals have a deep impact on the operation of game management companies, which influences the costs and revenues at micro level. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate the costs and revenues of hunting companies in Somogy County, during the years from 2003 to 2005, and to carry out statistical analyses and reveal the reasons and causes. The results show that the total revenue is higher than the total cost in the three years, thus on average, the game management companies are profitable, and the total costs have significant (p&lt;0.05) impact on the revenues. During the period analysed, the highest revenue (both in value and proportion) came from foreign guest-shooting, while the highest costs were represented by game management costs. Although the hunting companies in Somogy County were able to compensate for the huge increase in expenses seen in 2004, due to their different potentials and conditions the companies solved that problem in different ways (such as increasing membership fees, wild boar beating, sale of assets, or a decrease in game management costs). According to the qualitative survey carried out with in-depth interviews, the material reserves (cash, assets) of the hunting companies fell by the end of 2005. In almost all cases the question arose, from what sources can the companies finance the continuously increasing costs in the future?</abstract>
  <keywords>vadgazdÃƒÂ¡lkodÃƒÂ¡s, externÃƒÂ¡liÃƒÂ¡k, internÃƒÂ¡liÃƒÂ¡k, erÃ…Â‘forrÃƒÂ¡sok, kÃƒÂ¶ltsÃƒÂ©gszerkezet, bevÃƒÂ©telszerkezet, nyeresÃƒÂ©g hunting companies, game management, externals, profit, costs, revenues, Agribusiness, Farm Management,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>5</issue>
   <issuedate>2007</issuedate>
   <volume>51</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/57716</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Geszti, Szilard</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Sebestyen, Julianna</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:57732</identifier><datestamp>2010-03-26</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:57732">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>Az EurÃƒÂ³pai UniÃƒÂ³ agrÃƒÂ¡rÃƒÂ©rdekei</title>
  <abstract>Az EU tagÃƒÂ¡llamai mindenben kÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¶nbÃƒÂ¶znek, de azonosak a kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶ssÃƒÂ©ghez valÃƒÂ³ tartozÃƒÂ¡sban. Az eltÃƒÂ©rÃ…Â‘ adottsÃƒÂ¡gok, fejlettsÃƒÂ©gi szint, hagyomÃƒÂ¡nyok, ÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kek ÃƒÂ©s ÃƒÂ©rdekek kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶s nevezÃ…Â‘re hozÃƒÂ¡sa kompromisszumok rÃƒÂ©vÃƒÂ©n valÃƒÂ³sul meg. A kÃƒÂ¶zelmÃƒÂºltban azonban olyan ÃƒÂºjabb vÃƒÂ¡ltozÃƒÂ¡sok jelentek meg az EU-ban, melyek az agrÃƒÂ¡rszfÃƒÂ©rÃƒÂ¡t, annak ÃƒÂ©rdekeit ÃƒÂ©s megoldÃƒÂ¡sait gyÃƒÂ¶keresen ÃƒÂ¡trendezhetik. - The EU member states have nothing in common except that they all belong to the community. The reconciliation of diverse conditions, stages of development, traditions, values and interests takes place via compromise. Recently, however, new changes have appeared within the EU, which could fundamentally alter the agricultural sector and its interests and solutions. Summary</abstract>
  <keywords>EU, tagÃƒÂ¡llamok kÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¶nbÃƒÂ¶zÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©gei, tÃƒÂ¡mogatÃƒÂ¡sok, eredmÃƒÂ©nyessÃƒÂ©g, vÃƒÂ¡ltozÃƒÂ¡sok, EU, member statesÃ¢Â€Â™ diversity, subsidies, success, changes, Agricultural and Food Policy,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>2</issue>
   <issuedate>2008</issuedate>
   <volume>52</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/57732</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Udovecz, Gabor</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:58917</identifier><datestamp>2010-03-26</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:58917">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>IMPACTS OF EURO ADOPTION ON BANKS IN THE NEW MEMBER STATES</title>
  <abstract>Banking systems of the NMS are strongly linked to those of the EU15 Member States. Accession of NMS to EMU will likely to act, in the medium to long term, as a catalyst to strengthen already existing developments and trends in the banking systems of these countries. Accession to EMU will likely to strengthen the pressure for the reduction of existing excess capacity in the banking sector of the NMS. Further on, it is expected to put profitability under pressure and lead to increased geographical diversification and internationalisation, as well as to increased conglomeration and mergers and acquisitions. Overall, competition in banking within the euro area is likely to increase considerably after the NMS join EMU. When assessing any potential outcomes or challenges arising from the EMU presence of NMS banks, banks shall automatically take part in an adjustment process where, ideally, they redefine their roles and restructure, if necessary, their strategies for participation in an enlarged euro area market. In the preparation stage, banks in the NMS shall increase their awareness of challenges EMU can bring and here experiences of the present EMU Member States can be a major asset. In theory, changeover to the euro in NMS might represent a risk in the banking systems (revenue and cost implications of the transition to the euro). in the medium term, the negative effects of the structural adjustment process in the EU banking systems could be concentrated in strategically unfavourably placed banks that may not cope with the risks and difficulties associated with the adaptation to that process. Nevertheless, in the longer term, the adjustment process should result in a stronger and fitter banking sector and generate customer gains due to increased competition. In addition, the transition to a stable monetary environment should bring positive effects to the banking systems in the NMS. This shall be mostly felt by those banking industries that previously operated in a relatively high inflationary environment.</abstract>
  <keywords>banking sector, EMU, new member states, Financial Economics,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>19</issue>
   <issuedate>2008</issuedate>
   <volume>51</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/58917</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Soos, Janos</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:57714</identifier><datestamp>2010-03-26</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:57714">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>A JUHOK MESTERSÃƒÂ‰GES TERMÃƒÂ‰KENYÃƒÂTÃƒÂ‰SÃƒÂ‰NEK ÃƒÂ‰S IVARZÃƒÂS-INDUKÃƒÂLÃƒÂSÃƒÂNAK ÃƒÂ–KONÃƒÂ“MIAI ELEMZÃƒÂ‰SE</title>
  <abstract>A szerzÃ…Â‘k vizsgÃƒÂ¡lataikban a hazai juhtenyÃƒÂ©sztÃƒÂ©s jÃƒÂ¶vedelmezÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©nek ÃƒÂ©s ver-senykÃƒÂ©pessÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©nek javÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sa ÃƒÂ©rdekÃƒÂ©ben kÃƒÂ©t biotechnikai eljÃƒÂ¡rÃƒÂ¡s Ã¢Â€Â“ az ivarzÃƒÂ¡s-indukÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ¡s ÃƒÂ©s a mestersÃƒÂ©ges termÃƒÂ©kenyÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©s Ã¢Â€Â“ gyakorlati alkalmazÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡val ÃƒÂ©s ÃƒÂ¶konÃƒÂ³-miai elemzÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©vel foglalkoztak. Magyar merinÃƒÂ³ juhokat, tovÃƒÂ¡bbÃƒÂ¡ lacaune ÃƒÂ©s lacaune keresztezett jerkÃƒÂ©ket prÃƒÂ³bÃƒÂ¡ltak vemhesÃƒÂ­teni szezonon kÃƒÂ­vÃƒÂ¼l, mÃƒÂ¡jus vÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©n, ivarzÃƒÂ¡s-indukÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ¡s utÃƒÂ¡n. ÃƒÂgy az ÃƒÂ¡llatokat a szokÃƒÂ¡sos vemhesÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©si periÃƒÂ³dus elÃ…Â‘tt, nÃƒÂ©gy hÃƒÂ³nappal korÃƒÂ¡bban vettÃƒÂ©k tenyÃƒÂ©sztÃƒÂ©sbe, megcÃƒÂ©lozva ezzel a magasabb vÃƒÂ¡gÃƒÂ³ÃƒÂ¡llat felvÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡rlÃƒÂ¡si ÃƒÂ¡rakat. A kezelÃƒÂ©sek kÃƒÂ¶ltsÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©t jelentÃ…Â‘s mÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kben megha-ladta a bÃƒÂ¡rÃƒÂ¡nyonkÃƒÂ©nt elÃƒÂ©rhetÃ…Â‘ extraprofit, amit a decemberi Ã¢Â€Â“ keresleti piacra tÃƒÂ¶rtÃƒÂ©nÃ…Â‘ Ã¢Â€Â“ bÃƒÂ¡rÃƒÂ¡nyÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kesÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©skor ÃƒÂ©rtek el, rÃƒÂ¡adÃƒÂ¡sul a laktÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³s idÃ…Â‘ ÃƒÂ©s a kifejt tej mennyisÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©nek nÃƒÂ¶velÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©vel tovÃƒÂ¡bbi bevÃƒÂ©telre tettek szert a lacaune ÃƒÂ¡llomÃƒÂ¡nynÃƒÂ¡l. Azok a tenyÃƒÂ©sztÃ…Â‘k, akik megfelelÃ…Â‘ tartÃƒÂ¡si ÃƒÂ©s takarmÃƒÂ¡nyozÃƒÂ¡si kÃƒÂ¶rÃƒÂ¼lmÃƒÂ©nyekkel rendelkeznek, eredmÃƒÂ©nyesen prÃƒÂ³bÃƒÂ¡lkozhatnak a kÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¶nbÃƒÂ¶zÃ…Â‘ biotechnikai eljÃƒÂ¡rÃƒÂ¡sok alkalmazÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡val, ezzel lehetÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©g nyÃƒÂ­lik a juhtenyÃƒÂ©sztÃƒÂ©s jÃƒÂ¶vedelmezÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©nek fokozÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡ra. - During their investigations the authors dealt with the practical applications and economic analysis of two biotechnical methods - oestrus induction and artificial insemination Ã¢Â€Â“ in the interests of improving domestic lambingÃ¢Â€Â™s profitability and competitiveness. Two groups of animals of different species were examined. Attempts were made out of season, at the end of May, to impregnate Hungarian merino lambs in the first group, and Lacaune and Lacaune-crossed ewe lambs in the second group, following oestrus induction. In this manner, animals were taken into breeding four months before the usual breeding season, targeting the higher buying-up price for slaughter-lambs. The cost of treatment was significantly lower than the extra profit achieved in the market in December. Furthermore, the longer lactation period and increased quantity of milk resulted in additional income from the Lacaune stock. These investigations proved that breeders with suitable maintenance and feeding conditions can try different biotechnical methods with success. With the help of biotechnical methods the profitability of sheep breeding can be raised. These methods are already available for breeders.</abstract>
  <keywords>biotechnikai mÃƒÂ³dszerek, juhhÃƒÂºstermelÃƒÂ©s, versenykÃƒÂ©pessÃƒÂ©g, felvÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡rlÃƒÂ¡si ÃƒÂ¡rak, bÃƒÂ¡rÃƒÂ¡nyexport, jÃƒÂ¶vedelemalakulÃƒÂ¡s biotechnical methods, mutton production, competitiveness, buying-up prices, lamb-export, profitability, Livestock Production/Industries,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>5</issue>
   <issuedate>2007</issuedate>
   <volume>51</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/57714</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Vegh, Julianna</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Gulyas, Laszlo</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Szalka, Eva</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Nemeth, attila</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:57688</identifier><datestamp>2010-03-26</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:57688">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>AGRÃƒÂR- ÃƒÂ‰S VIDÃƒÂ‰KFEJLESZTÃƒÂ‰SI PROGRAMOK MAGYARORSZÃƒÂGON (2002-2013) Ã¢Â€Â“ ELÃƒÂ‰RT ÃƒÂ‰S VÃƒÂRHATÃƒÂ“ EREDMÃƒÂ‰NYEK</title>
  <abstract>A SAPARD-ban, az AVOP-ban ÃƒÂ©s az NVT-ben rendelkezÃƒÂ©sre ÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ³ forrÃƒÂ¡sok a magyar agrÃƒÂ¡rium ÃƒÂ©s a vidÃƒÂ©ki gazdasÃƒÂ¡g szerkezet-ÃƒÂ¡talakÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡nak, modernizÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡-nak megkezdÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©t szolgÃƒÂ¡ltÃƒÂ¡k, a szÃƒÂ¼ksÃƒÂ©ges vÃƒÂ¡ltozÃƒÂ¡sok megvalÃƒÂ³sÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡hoz viszont szerÃƒÂ©nyek voltak. A hÃƒÂ¡rom program tapasztalatai azt mutatjÃƒÂ¡k, hogy a fejlesztÃƒÂ©si forrÃƒÂ¡sok felhasznÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡val kapcsolatos korÃƒÂ¡bbi kÃƒÂ©telyek nem igazolÃƒÂ³dtak, a be-adott pÃƒÂ¡lyÃƒÂ¡zatok, tÃƒÂ¡mogatÃƒÂ¡si kÃƒÂ©relmek forrÃƒÂ¡sigÃƒÂ©nye esetenkÃƒÂ©nt jelentÃ…Â‘sen meg-haladta az elÃ…Â‘irÃƒÂ¡nyzott pÃƒÂ©nzÃƒÂ¼gyi keretet. A fÃ…Â‘ cÃƒÂ©lkitÃ…Â±zÃƒÂ©sek, prioritÃƒÂ¡sok jÃƒÂ³rÃƒÂ©szt teljesÃƒÂ¼ltek, de nÃƒÂ©hÃƒÂ¡ny intÃƒÂ©zkedÃƒÂ©s megvalÃƒÂ³sulÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡ban mÃƒÂ³dosÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡st igÃƒÂ©nylÃ…Â‘ arÃƒÂ¡nyta-lansÃƒÂ¡gok is jelentkeztek. TÃƒÂ¶bb szerzÃ…Â‘ mÃƒÂ¡st-mÃƒÂ¡st emel ki a hazai mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡g problÃƒÂ©mÃƒÂ¡i kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¼l. Ab-ban egyet lehet ÃƒÂ©rteni, hogy a mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡g elsÃ…Â‘dlegesen ÃƒÂ¡rutermelÃ…Â‘ szerepe egyre inkÃƒÂ¡bb hÃƒÂ¡ttÃƒÂ©rbe szorul, ahogy ezt a nemzetkÃƒÂ¶zi ÃƒÂ©s hazai adatsorok is mu-tatjÃƒÂ¡k. Ezzel pÃƒÂ¡rhuzamosan viszont elÃ…Â‘tÃƒÂ©rbe kerÃƒÂ¼lnek olyan funkciÃƒÂ³k, mint a termÃƒÂ©szeti erÃ…Â‘forrÃƒÂ¡sokkal valÃƒÂ³ okszerÃ…Â± gazdÃƒÂ¡lkodÃƒÂ¡s, tÃƒÂ¡jkÃƒÂ©pmegÃ…Â‘rzÃƒÂ©s ÃƒÂ©s alterna-tÃƒÂ­v tevÃƒÂ©kenysÃƒÂ©gek. Mindezt a vidÃƒÂ©kfejlesztÃƒÂ©si teendÃ…Â‘kkel pÃƒÂ¡rhuzamosan kell megtenni, amihez a kÃƒÂ¶vetkezÃ…Â‘ 7 ÃƒÂ©vben az ÃƒÂšMVP keretÃƒÂ©ben a forrÃƒÂ¡sok biztosÃƒÂ­-tottnak lÃƒÂ¡tszanak. - The resources available in SAPARD, the Agricultural and Regional Development Operative Programme (AVOP) and the National Regional Development Plan (NVT) served to initiate the structural transformation and modernisation of the Hungarian agricultural sector and the regional economy. These resources were modest, however, in comparison to the realisation of the necessary changes. The experiences of the three programmes show that earlier fears in respect of the utilisation of development resources were not borne out; occasionally the resource requirements of submitted applications and subsidy requests significantly exceeded the projected budget. The main goals and priorities were mostly achieved, although disproportion appeared in the realisation of some measures, requiring amendments. Various authors highlight different elements of HungaryÃ¢Â€Â™s agricultural problems. It can be agreed, however, that the primarily produce production role of agriculture is being increasingly overshadowed, as attested by both international and domestic data series. Alongside this, however, functions such as rational farming using natural resources, landscape conservation, and alternative activities are coming to the fore. All this needs to take place in parallel to regional development work, for which the funding appears to be secure for the next seven years within the framework of the New Hungary Regional Development Programme (ÃƒÂšMVP).</abstract>
  <keywords>vidÃƒÂ©kfejlesztÃƒÂ©s, SAPARD, AVOP, NVT, ÃƒÂšMVP, regional development, SAPARD, AVOP, NVT, ÃƒÂšMVP, Agricultural and Food Policy, Community/Rural/Urban Development,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>4</issue>
   <issuedate>2007</issuedate>
   <volume>51</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/57688</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Weisz, Miklos</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Kovacs, Laszlo</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:58904</identifier><datestamp>2010-03-26</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:58904">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>STUDY ON THE ECONOMIC EFFECT OF PRODUCTION FREE FROM CHEMICAL USE</title>
  <abstract>The assumption, that in case of production different from the conventional one, operational and production risk are increasing in farms, is supported by the calculations. Input/output relations undergo a change in each sector and this may have serious financial outcomes, which would importantly determine profit yielding capacity and efficiency of farming. The statement of Offermann and Nieberg is true of the cost structure, according to which essential cost difference between the two technologies can not be measured. By the aid of the calculation, it was successfully verified Ã¢Â€Â“ in compliance with the opinion of Wookey Ã¢Â€Â“ that organic production can be as profitable, as the conventional production or even more so. In contradiction to BmvelÃ¢Â€Â™s data, it can be demonstrated, that even a revenues, surpassing the result of conventional production may be realized in organic farms. On the whole, the results obtained strengthen the standing-point of Szente, according to which the profit, originating from organic production may be higher, than that from conventional production, although it fails already to reach the saliently high values, which were characteristic of the earlier years. In production technology, upon the effect of the change in operational elements and elimination of chemical use, increased yield risk is to be taken into account, although at the same time, the possibility of a more successful operation will in-crease through the market premium price. Subsidy of each technology is different, which means, that allowances associated with the expectable future much better environment-saving technologies will further increase profitability. Also market changes may promote this process, since consumers and institutions become increasingly disposed to take a turn to goods, produced free from chemicals. It is indicated also by statistical data, that more and more producers are dealing with organic production and also the size of areas turned on organic farming is continuously increasing. The rhythm of the development of organic markets is still lagging behind this, but the possibility is open to the agricultural sector being in process of transition. Conventional agriculture is yet unable to produce commodities, suitable for satisfaction of all demands of consumers in every respect, and also efficiency and profitability of production are very low, several sectors can be operated with loss only.</abstract>
  <keywords>organic farming, turning on, profitability, Agribusiness, Crop Production/Industries, Environmental Economics and Policy, Farm Management,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>19</issue>
   <issuedate>2008</issuedate>
   <volume>51</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/58904</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Kis, Sandor</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:57671</identifier><datestamp>2010-03-26</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:57671">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>A RÃƒÂ‰GIÃƒÂ“K EURÃƒÂ“PÃƒÂBAN</title>
  <abstract>Az EurÃƒÂ³pai UniÃƒÂ³ kohÃƒÂ©ziÃƒÂ³s politikÃƒÂ¡jÃƒÂ¡nak megvalÃƒÂ³sÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡t elÃ…Â‘segÃƒÂ­tÃ…Â‘ intÃƒÂ©zmÃƒÂ©ny Ã¢Â€Â“ az 1Ã¢Â€Â“3 milliÃƒÂ³s nÃƒÂ©pessÃƒÂ©gÃ…Â± rÃƒÂ©giÃƒÂ³ Ã¢Â€Â“ EurÃƒÂ³pa-szerte az ÃƒÂ©rdeklÃ…Â‘dÃƒÂ©s kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ©ppontjÃƒÂ¡ban ÃƒÂ¡ll. A kÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¶nbÃƒÂ¶zÃ…Â‘ ÃƒÂ¡llamberendezkedÃƒÂ©sÃ…Â± orszÃƒÂ¡gokban az ÃƒÂºn. NUTS 2 rÃƒÂ©giÃƒÂ³k kÃƒÂ¶zjogi stÃƒÂ¡tusza eltÃƒÂ©rÃ…Â‘. A rÃƒÂ©giÃƒÂ³k egy rÃƒÂ©sze fejlesztÃƒÂ©si ÃƒÂ©s statisztikai cÃƒÂ©lokat szolgÃƒÂ¡l csupÃƒÂ¡n, mÃƒÂ¡s rÃƒÂ©szÃƒÂ¼k ezek mellett kiterjedt kÃƒÂ¶zigazgatÃƒÂ¡si jogosÃƒÂ­tvÃƒÂ¡nyokkal is rendelkezik. Ez utÃƒÂ³bbiak kÃƒÂ©pesek komplex fejlesztÃƒÂ©si feladataik hatÃƒÂ©kony megoldÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡ra. A rÃƒÂ©giÃƒÂ³k intÃƒÂ©zmÃƒÂ©nyesÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©nek szÃƒÂ¡mtalan elÃ…Â‘feltÃƒÂ©tele van. Az ÃƒÂ¡llami funkciÃƒÂ³k modernizÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ¡sa, a regionÃƒÂ¡lis fejlÃ…Â‘dÃƒÂ©st befolyÃƒÂ¡solÃƒÂ³ tÃƒÂ©nyezÃ…Â‘kben bekÃƒÂ¶vetkezett vÃƒÂ¡l-tozÃƒÂ¡sok, a terÃƒÂ¼leti ÃƒÂ©rdekÃƒÂ©rvÃƒÂ©nyesÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©s, az etnikai-kulturÃƒÂ¡lis szempontok figyelembe vÃƒÂ©tele, illetve az eurÃƒÂ³pai integrÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³ egysÃƒÂ©gesÃƒÂ­tÃ…Â‘ tÃƒÂ¶rekvÃƒÂ©sei egyÃƒÂ¼ttesen jÃƒÂ¡rultak hozzÃƒÂ¡ az ÃƒÂºj terÃƒÂ¼leti kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ©pszint kialakulÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡hoz EurÃƒÂ³pa sok orszÃƒÂ¡gÃƒÂ¡ban. Az in-tÃƒÂ©zmÃƒÂ©nyesÃƒÂ¼lt eurÃƒÂ³pai decentralizÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³ trendjÃƒÂ©hez Kelet-KÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ©p-EurÃƒÂ³pa orszÃƒÂ¡gai mÃƒÂ©g nem illeszkednek. MagyarorszÃƒÂ¡g versenyelÃ…Â‘nyhÃƒÂ¶z jutna, ha a regionaÃ‚Â¬lizÃ‚Â¬must alakÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ³ valamennyi tÃƒÂ©nyezÃ…Â‘t az ÃƒÂ¡llamreform-programban tudatosan fejlesztenÃƒÂ©. A rÃƒÂ©giÃƒÂ³ a gazdasÃƒÂ¡g fenntarthatÃƒÂ³ nÃƒÂ¶vekedÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©t ÃƒÂ©s a tÃƒÂ©rszerkezet korszerÃ…Â±sÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©t szolgÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ³, ÃƒÂ¶nÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ³ finanszÃƒÂ­rozÃƒÂ¡si forrÃƒÂ¡sokkal rendelkezÃ…Â‘, autonÃƒÂ³m fejlesztÃƒÂ©spoliti-kÃƒÂ¡t megvalÃƒÂ³sÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ³, ÃƒÂ¶nkormÃƒÂ¡nyzati jogosÃƒÂ­tvÃƒÂ¡nyokkal felruhÃƒÂ¡zott terÃƒÂ¼leti egysÃƒÂ©g. RÃƒÂ©giÃƒÂ³kra azÃƒÂ©rt van szÃƒÂ¼ksÃƒÂ©g, mert az eurÃƒÂ³pai terÃƒÂ¼leti fejlÃ…Â‘dÃƒÂ©s egyÃƒÂ©rtelmÃ…Â±en igazolja, hogy a kÃƒÂ¶rÃƒÂ¼lbelÃƒÂ¼l egy-kÃƒÂ©t milliÃƒÂ³ fÃ…Â‘s nÃƒÂ©pessÃƒÂ©get felÃƒÂ¶lelÃ…Â‘, ÃƒÂ¶nkormÃƒÂ¡nyzati elvek alapjÃƒÂ¡n irÃƒÂ¡nyÃƒÂ­tott szubnacionÃƒÂ¡lis szint, a rÃƒÂ©giÃƒÂ³ gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi kapacitÃƒÂ¡sai ÃƒÂ©s strukturÃƒÂ¡lis adottsÃƒÂ¡gai folytÃƒÂ¡n: Ã¢Â€Â“ a gazdasÃƒÂ¡gfejlesztÃƒÂ©si orientÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³jÃƒÂº regionÃƒÂ¡lis fejlesztÃƒÂ©si politika ÃƒÂ©rvÃƒÂ©nyesÃƒÂ­-tÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©nek optimÃƒÂ¡lis tÃƒÂ©rbeli kerete; Ã¢Â€Â“ a posztindusztriÃƒÂ¡lis tÃƒÂ©rszervezÃ…Â‘ erÃ…Â‘k mÃ…Â±kÃƒÂ¶dÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©nek ÃƒÂ©s ezek kÃƒÂ¶lcsÃƒÂ¶nkapcso-latai fejlesztÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©nek megfelelÃ…Â‘ terepe; Ã¢Â€Â“ a terÃƒÂ¼leti-tÃƒÂ¡rsadalmi ÃƒÂ©rdekÃƒÂ©rvÃƒÂ©nyesÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©s fontos szÃƒÂ­ntere; Ã¢Â€Â“ a regionÃƒÂ¡lis politika modern infrastruktÃƒÂºrÃƒÂ¡jÃƒÂ¡nak ÃƒÂ©s professzionÃƒÂ¡lis szer-vezÃ…Â‘-tervezÃ…Â‘-vÃƒÂ©grehajtÃƒÂ³ intÃƒÂ©zmÃƒÂ©nyÃƒÂ©nek kiÃƒÂ©pÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©hez a legmegfelelÃ…Â‘bb mÃƒÂ©retÃ…Â± tÃƒÂ©rbeli egysÃƒÂ©g; Ã¢Â€Â“ az EurÃƒÂ³pai UniÃƒÂ³ regionÃƒÂ¡lis ÃƒÂ©s kohÃƒÂ©ziÃƒÂ³s politikai dÃƒÂ¶ntÃƒÂ©si rendszerÃƒÂ©nek meghatÃƒÂ¡rozÃƒÂ³ eleme. A kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ©pszint szerepÃƒÂ©nek felÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kelÃ…Â‘dÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©ben kÃƒÂ¶zrejÃƒÂ¡tszÃƒÂ³ nemzeti ÃƒÂ©s eurÃƒÂ³pai gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi, politikai ÃƒÂ©s tÃƒÂ¡rsadalmi vÃƒÂ¡ltozÃƒÂ¡sok azon elemei jÃƒÂ³l kitapinthatÃƒÂ³k, ame-lyek az ÃƒÂ¡llamigazgatÃƒÂ¡s szervezeti rendszereinek szakracionÃƒÂ¡lis reformlÃƒÂ©pÃƒÂ©seit kikÃƒÂ©nyszerÃƒÂ­tettÃƒÂ©k, ÃƒÂ¡llandÃƒÂ³ nyomÃƒÂ¡s alatt tartottÃƒÂ¡k a hatalmi gÃƒÂ©pezet kÃƒÂ¶zponti szervezeteit, ÃƒÂºjraszabÃƒÂ¡lyozÃƒÂ¡sra kÃƒÂ©sztettÃƒÂ©k a tÃƒÂ¡rsadalomirÃƒÂ¡nyÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡st, a forrÃƒÂ¡selosz-tÃƒÂ¡s rendjÃƒÂ©t, mozgattÃƒÂ¡k a decentralizÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³s folyamatokat. TermÃƒÂ©szetesen az egyes elemek eltÃƒÂ©rÃ…Â‘ befolyÃƒÂ¡st gyakoroltak a vÃƒÂ¡ltozÃƒÂ¡sokra, a terÃƒÂ¼leti rendszer kÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¶nbÃƒÂ¶-zÃ…Â‘ alkotÃƒÂ³rÃƒÂ©szeinek minÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©t ÃƒÂ©s kapcsolati viszonyait alakÃƒÂ­tottÃƒÂ¡k ÃƒÂ¡t, idÃ…Â‘beli meg-jelenÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ¼k is elÃƒÂ©ggÃƒÂ© eltÃƒÂ©rÃ…Â‘ volt. HatÃƒÂ¡saik azonban mÃƒÂ©ly nyomokat hagytak az in-tÃƒÂ©zmÃƒÂ©nyrendszerben. A terÃƒÂ¼letfejlesztÃƒÂ©s szubnacionÃƒÂ¡lis szereplÃ…Â‘inek egyre na-gyobb szÃƒÂ¡ma, fokozatos megerÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ¶dÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ¼k, a funkciÃƒÂ³ik gazdagodÃƒÂ¡sa Ã¢Â€Â“ az ÃƒÂ¡llami in-tÃƒÂ©zmÃƒÂ©nyrendszer ÃƒÂ¡talakulÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡val pÃƒÂ¡rhuzamosan Ã¢Â€Â“ a centralizÃƒÂ¡lt hatalom ver-senykÃƒÂ©pes ellensÃƒÂºlyÃƒÂ¡t teremtette meg EurÃƒÂ³pa sok orszÃƒÂ¡gÃƒÂ¡ban. Az ÃƒÂ¶nÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ³ regionÃƒÂ¡-lis hatalomgyakorlÃƒÂ¡s lett az eurÃƒÂ³pai politikai szÃƒÂ³tÃƒÂ¡r legnÃƒÂ©pszerÃ…Â±bb tÃƒÂ¡rgyszava a 20. szÃƒÂ¡zad utolsÃƒÂ³ harmadÃƒÂ¡ban. TanulmÃƒÂ¡nyunkban azokat az okokat vesszÃƒÂ¼k sorra, amelyek a regionalizmus kiteljesedÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©hez vezetÃ…Â‘ ÃƒÂºt fontosabb csomÃƒÂ³pontjait formÃƒÂ¡ltÃƒÂ¡k Nyugat-EurÃƒÂ³pÃƒÂ¡ban, illetve a kelet-eurÃƒÂ³pai orszÃƒÂ¡gok Ã¢Â€Â“ ÃƒÂ©s MagyarorszÃƒÂ¡g Ã¢Â€Â“ regionÃƒÂ¡lis ÃƒÂ¡talakulÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡nak esÃƒÂ©lyeit kÃƒÂ¶rvonalazzuk. - The institution that will enable implementation of the EUÃ¢Â€Â™s cohesion policy Ã¢Â€Â“ namely regions of 1-3 million inhabitants Ã¢Â€Â“ is the focal point of Europe-wide interest. In countries with differing state preparedness, the constitutional status of so-called NUTS 2 regions varies. Some of the regions merely have developmental and statistical goals, while others have, in addition, extensive administrative licenses. The latter are able to solve their complex development tasks effectively. The institutionalisation of the regions involves numerous pre-requirements. Modernisation of the stateÃ¢Â€Â™s functions, changes in the factors influencing regional development, the enforcement of regional interests, taking into account ethnic and cultural considerations, and the unifying efforts of European integration have all equally contributed to the development of the new regional middle-tier in many European countries. The countries of East Central Europe have yet to adapt to institutionalised EuropeÃ¢Â€Â™s decentralising trend. Hungary would gain a competitive advantage if it consciously developed the various factors constituting regionalisation, within its programme of state reform. A region is a territorial unit with independent sources of finance for sustainable development and structural modernisation, and authorisation by local government licenses to realise autonomous development policies. Regions are necessary because EuropeÃ¢Â€Â™s regional development clearly proves that direction at the sub-national level comprising a population of 1-2 million and based on the principles of self-governance is, due to the economic capacity and structural characteristics of regions: - the optimal spatial framework for the enforcement of economic development-oriented regional development policy; - the appropriate area for the operation of the powers of post industrialist spatial organisation and the development of their interrelations; - an important stage for enforcing regional-social interests; - the most appropriately sized spatial unit for building up the modern infra-structure of regional policy and the institutions of professional organisation, planning and implementation; - a determining element of the decision-making system of the European Un-ionÃ¢Â€Â™s regional and cohesion policies. Palpable elements of national and European economic, political and social change, instrumental in the re-evaluation of the role of the middle-tier, are those which forced the professional rationalisation reforms of state managementÃ¢Â€Â™s organisational systems; kept up a continual pressure on the machinery of powerÃ¢Â€Â™s central structures; prompted the re-regulation of social management and the order of resource distribution; and drove the decentralisation processes. Naturally individual elements had differing influence on the changes, transformed the quality and relationships of the regional systemÃ¢Â€Â™s various components and appeared at fairly disparate times. Their effects however, left a deep impression on the institutional system. The ever greater number of sub-national actors in regional development, their gradual strengthening and the enrichment of their functions Ã¢Â€Â“ in parallel with the transformation of the stateÃ¢Â€Â™s institutional system Ã¢Â€Â“ created the competitive counterweight to centralised power in many European countries. The wielding of independent regional power became the most popular subject heading in EuropeÃ¢Â€Â™s political dictionary in the last third of the 20th century. In our study we consider in turn the reasons that formed the more important junctions on the road to achieving regionalism in Western Europe, and outline the chances of regional transformation in East European countries Ã¢Â€Â“ including Hungary.</abstract>
  <keywords>regionÃƒÂ¡lis politika, EurÃƒÂ³pai UniÃƒÂ³, kohÃƒÂ©ziÃƒÂ³s politika, terÃƒÂ¼leti kÃƒÂ¶zigazgatÃƒÂ¡s, regional policy, European Union, cohesion policy, regional administration, Agricultural and Food Policy, Community/Rural/Urban Development,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>3</issue>
   <issuedate>2007</issuedate>
   <volume>51</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/57671</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Horvath, Gyula</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:58907</identifier><datestamp>2010-03-26</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:58907">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF CLIMATE CHANGE EFFECTS AND AGRICULTURE VULNERABILITY</title>
  <abstract>This review describes that due to rapid globalization, vulnerability in different areas affects human life. With rapid population growth, securing the inherent vulnerability of this relationship, whether social, economic, or environmental, has to be central to efforts to achieving sustainable development. The vulnerability of agricultural systems varies with geographic location, time, socioeconomic conditions, and environmental resources. The capacity to mitigate and to adapt to climate-change impacts is strongly related to the future development paths. The socioeconomic and, even more so, the technological characteristics of different futures strongly affect emissions, hence the extent and pace of the impacts of climate change, as well as the capability of societies to adapt to and mitigate climate change. The presented review gives a brief idea about empirical analysis of climate change and agricultural vulnerability and how it affects human life.</abstract>
  <keywords>climate change, vulnerability, adaptivity, food security, stress, Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, Farm Management,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>19</issue>
   <issuedate>2008</issuedate>
   <volume>51</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/58907</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Singh, Mahesh Kumar</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Dobo, Erika</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:57713</identifier><datestamp>2010-03-26</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:57713">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>MIÃƒÂ‰RT NEM LEGELTETIK A TEJELÃ…Â TEHENEKET?</title>
  <abstract>A magyar gyepgazdÃƒÂ¡lkodÃƒÂ¡s fejlesztÃƒÂ©se Ã¢Â€Â“ a nyugat-eurÃƒÂ³pai szÃƒÂ­nvonaltÃƒÂ³l elmara-dÃƒÂ³ rÃƒÂ©szarÃƒÂ¡nya ÃƒÂ©s minÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©ge kÃƒÂ¶vetkeztÃƒÂ©ben is Ã¢Â€Â“ fontos feladat lenne, de a gazdÃƒÂ¡l-kodÃƒÂ³k a tejelÃ…Â‘ÃƒÂ¡llomÃƒÂ¡ny legelÃ…Â‘re (is) alapozott takarmÃƒÂ¡nyozÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡ban, a legeltetÃƒÂ©s gyakorlatÃƒÂ¡nak visszaÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡ban nem lÃƒÂ¡tnak jÃƒÂ¶vÃ…Â‘t. LegeltetÃƒÂ©st Ã¢Â€Â“ a tejelÃ…Â‘ ÃƒÂ¡llomÃƒÂ¡-nyoknÃƒÂ¡l Ã¢Â€Â“ szinte csak a nÃƒÂ¶vendÃƒÂ©kek esetÃƒÂ©ben alkalmaznak, jÃƒÂ³llehet a gazdÃƒÂ¡lkodÃƒÂ³k dÃƒÂ¶ntÃ…Â‘ hÃƒÂ¡nyada csatlakozott az egysÃƒÂ©ges terÃƒÂ¼letalapÃƒÂº tÃƒÂ¡mogatÃƒÂ¡s igÃƒÂ©nybevÃƒÂ©tele mellett valamelyik, a gyepterÃƒÂ¼leteket, illetve gyephasznÃƒÂ¡latot ÃƒÂ©rintÃ…Â‘ cÃƒÂ©lprog-ramhoz is. VÃƒÂ©lemÃƒÂ©nyÃƒÂ¼nk szerint a megoldÃƒÂ¡st segÃƒÂ­theti a magyar tarka fajta fel-karolÃƒÂ¡sa, illetve a hÃƒÂºsmarhatartÃƒÂ¡s. TejelÃ…Â‘ tehenek legeltetÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©re a jÃƒÂ³ legelÃ…Â‘kkel rendelkezÃ…Â‘, 20-30 tehenet tartÃƒÂ³ gazdasÃƒÂ¡gok gondolhatnak. - Joining the European Union has opened up several new possibilities and challenges for farmers. One of these is grass farming and pasture feeding. Due to its low share and quality, the development of our grass farming is a very important task, because it doesnÃ¢Â€Â™t fulfil the role that it should. Farmers donÃ¢Â€Â™t realise the benefits of grassland-based feeding in the case of dairy cattle herds. Grazing is devoted only to young heifers. Nevertheless, nearly all of them have already joined various support programmes connected to grass farming or grassland usage. In their opinion the best solution would be Hungarian spotted cattle farming or beef cattle farming. Only the farmers with good pastures and 20-30 dairy cows can consider pasture feeding.</abstract>
  <keywords>vidÃƒÂ©kfejlesztÃƒÂ©s, gyepgazdÃƒÂ¡lkodÃƒÂ¡s, szarvasmarhatartÃƒÂ¡s, tejelÃ…Â‘ szarvasmarha rural development, grass farming, cattle farming, dairy cows, Farm Management, Land Economics/Use, Livestock Production/Industries,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>5</issue>
   <issuedate>2007</issuedate>
   <volume>51</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/57713</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Salamon, Ildiko</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Meszaros, Judit</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Nemeth, Attila</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Tell, Imre</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:57689</identifier><datestamp>2010-03-26</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:57689">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>TAKARMÃƒÂNYOZÃƒÂSI VIZSGÃƒÂLATOK EREDMÃƒÂ‰NYEI AZ ÃƒÂ–KOLÃƒÂ“GIAI BÃƒÂRÃƒÂNYNEVELÃƒÂ‰SBEN</title>
  <abstract>Az ÃƒÂ¶kolÃƒÂ³giai gazdÃƒÂ¡lkodÃƒÂ¡s hazai terjedÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©vel felÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kelÃ…Â‘dnek a juhÃƒÂ¡szat sajÃƒÂ¡-tossÃƒÂ¡gaival foglalkozÃƒÂ³ kutatÃƒÂ¡sok. Az ÃƒÂ¡gazaton belÃƒÂ¼l a bÃƒÂ¡rÃƒÂ¡nynevelÃƒÂ©s takarmÃƒÂ¡-nyozÃƒÂ¡si kÃƒÂ©rdÃƒÂ©seivel foglalkozÃƒÂ³ munkÃƒÂ¡nk sorÃƒÂ¡n Ã¢Â€Â“ mÃƒÂ³dszertani kÃƒÂ©rdÃƒÂ©sek megoldÃƒÂ¡-sa mellett Ã¢Â€Â“ a hatÃƒÂ©konysÃƒÂ¡g javÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡si lehetÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©geit keressÃƒÂ¼k. A kÃƒÂ­sÃƒÂ©rletek elsÃ…Â‘ ÃƒÂ©ve azt mutatja, hogy az ÃƒÂ¶kolÃƒÂ³giai gazdÃƒÂ¡lkodÃƒÂ¡sban a bÃƒÂ¡rÃƒÂ¡nytakarmÃƒÂ¡nnyal nem sikerÃƒÂ¼lt olyan hozamot ÃƒÂ©s olyan naturÃƒÂ¡lis hatÃƒÂ©konysÃƒÂ¡got produkÃƒÂ¡lni, mint a konvencio-nÃƒÂ¡lis gazdÃƒÂ¡lkodÃƒÂ¡sban az ÃƒÂ©vek sorÃƒÂ¡n kialakult speciÃƒÂ¡lis bÃƒÂ¡rÃƒÂ¡nytÃƒÂ¡pokkal. KÃƒÂ­sÃƒÂ©rle-teink alapjÃƒÂ¡n a takarmÃƒÂ¡nyozÃƒÂ¡s hatÃƒÂ©konysÃƒÂ¡gÃƒÂ¡nak javÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡nÃƒÂ¡l a hozamok szerepe kiemelkedÃ…Â‘, mert csak a kÃƒÂ¶ltsÃƒÂ©gcsÃƒÂ¶kkentÃƒÂ©s nem tÃ…Â±nik jÃƒÂ¡rhatÃƒÂ³ ÃƒÂºtnak. A gazdÃƒÂ¡l-kodÃƒÂ³k szÃƒÂ¡mÃƒÂ¡ra ÃƒÂºj takarmÃƒÂ¡nyozÃƒÂ¡si technolÃƒÂ³giÃƒÂ¡k kidolgozÃƒÂ¡sa ÃƒÂ©s a jelenlegi piaci akadÃƒÂ¡lyok elhÃƒÂ¡rÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sa szintÃƒÂ©n megoldÃƒÂ¡sra vÃƒÂ¡r. - With the spread of ecological farming in Hungary, the value of research dealing with the idiosyncrasies of sheep-farming is growing. Within this branch, in the course of work on the question of feeding in lamb rearing Ã¢Â€Â“ besides solving methodological questions Ã¢Â€Â“ we are searching for opportunities to improve effectiveness. The first year of experiments showed a lack of success in ecological farming to produce the kind of profit and natural effectiveness achieved by conventional farming using special lamb feeds developed over the years. Based on our tests, the role of profit in the improvement of effectiveness is prominent, because expenditure reduction appears to be the only impossible option. For farmers both the development of new feed technologies and the averting of current market obstacles await solution.</abstract>
  <keywords>ÃƒÂ¶kolÃƒÂ³giai gazdÃƒÂ¡lkodÃƒÂ¡s, takarmÃƒÂ¡nyozÃƒÂ¡s, bÃƒÂ¡rÃƒÂ¡nynevelÃƒÂ©s, bioÃƒÂ©lelmiszer, naturÃƒÂ¡lis ÃƒÂ©s gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi hatÃƒÂ©konysÃƒÂ¡g, ecological farming, feeding, lamb rearing, organic food, natural and economic effectiveness, Agribusiness, Livestock Production/Industries,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>4</issue>
   <issuedate>2007</issuedate>
   <volume>51</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/57689</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Monori, Istvan</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Feher, Alajos</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Csizi, Istvan</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Czimbalmos, Robert</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:58912</identifier><datestamp>2010-03-26</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:58912">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>SOME THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL RESULTS OF INFLATION TARGETING</title>
  <abstract>The emergence of inflation targeting can be traced back to the 90Ã¢Â€Â™s when first countries started forming a new policy strategy aimed at price stabilisation with Ã¢Â€ÂžrealÃ¢Â€Â inflation targeters using explicit numerical targets and some applying a similar strategy with implicit determinations. The monetary policy framework has been endowed with rich theoretical and practical content but an interesting real question remains unanswered: how recent appliers can cope with a number of unaccomplished tasks in model-building and implementation. It is the most exciting challenge for transition economies how to reconcile institutional changes with real and nominal convergence. The solution of this issue provides an ample field for research and economic policy debates.</abstract>
  <keywords>inflation targeting, effectiveness, theory and practice, transition economies, Agricultural and Food Policy, Financial Economics,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>19</issue>
   <issuedate>2008</issuedate>
   <volume>51</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/58912</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Novak, Zsuzsanna</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:58922</identifier><datestamp>2010-03-26</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:58922">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT IN HIGHER EDUCATION</title>
  <abstract>There are several methods of performance assessment used by corporations that can be applied in higher education institutions as well. One Hungarian and one foreign example show that it is an effective way of forming a solid basis for fair renumeration and thus for motivating employees. On a long run it would be inevitably necessary for making Hungarian higher education more competitive.</abstract>
  <keywords>employee motivation, need theories, performance assessment, higher education, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Labor and Human Capital,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>19</issue>
   <issuedate>2008</issuedate>
   <volume>51</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/58922</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Keczer, Gabriella</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:57664</identifier><datestamp>2010-03-26</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:57664">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>A GABONAPIACI KERESLET SZEREPLÃ…ÂINEK ÃƒÂTALAKULÃƒÂSA</title>
  <abstract>A tanulmÃƒÂ¡ny bemutatja a hazai gabona keresletÃƒÂ©ben bekÃƒÂ¶vetkezett vertikÃƒÂ¡lis ÃƒÂ©s horizontÃƒÂ¡lis ÃƒÂ¡trendezÃ…Â‘dÃƒÂ©st ÃƒÂ©s annak hatÃƒÂ¡sait. A kÃƒÂ©rdÃ…Â‘ÃƒÂ­ves megkeresÃƒÂ©s ÃƒÂ©s a mÃƒÂ©lyinterjÃƒÂºkbÃƒÂ³l szÃƒÂ¼letett vÃƒÂ¡laszokat felhasznÃƒÂ¡lva, klaszteranalÃƒÂ­zis segÃƒÂ­tsÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©vel lehetÃ…Â‘vÃƒÂ© vÃƒÂ¡lt a felvÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡rlÃƒÂ³i oldalon ÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ³ szereplÃ…Â‘k tipizÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ¡sa, tovÃƒÂ¡bbÃƒÂ¡ az ÃƒÂ¡ralku dÃƒÂ¶ntÃƒÂ©seik modellezÃƒÂ©se. MegÃƒÂ¡llapÃƒÂ­thatÃƒÂ³, hogy a gabonapiacon elsÃ…Â‘sorban a nagy kereskedelmi cÃƒÂ©gek ÃƒÂ©s holdingok az ÃƒÂ¡rvezetÃ…Â‘k, ami mÃƒÂ©retÃƒÂ¼kkel, tÃƒÂ¡rolÃƒÂ³ kapacitÃƒÂ¡-saikkal, logisztikai adottsÃƒÂ¡gaikkal ÃƒÂ©s stratÃƒÂ©giÃƒÂ¡jukkal magyarÃƒÂ¡zhatÃƒÂ³. A feldolgo-zÃƒÂ³k (malom, takarmÃƒÂ¡nykeverÃ…Â‘, vetÃ…Â‘magos cÃƒÂ©gek), az integrÃƒÂ¡torok, kiskereskedÃ…Â‘k ÃƒÂ©s egyÃƒÂ©b cÃƒÂ©gek ÃƒÂ¡relfogadÃƒÂ³k a gabonapiacon. Az intervenciÃƒÂ³s ÃƒÂ¡rszint a keresleti oldalon ÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ³ szereplÃ…Â‘k ÃƒÂ¡ralkuit, gabonapiaci stratÃƒÂ©giÃƒÂ¡jÃƒÂ¡t jelentÃ…Â‘sen befolyÃƒÂ¡solja, ÃƒÂ­gy a jÃƒÂ¶vÃ…Â‘beni ÃƒÂ¡talakulÃƒÂ¡sok egyik generÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ³ja lehet. A szerkezeti vÃƒÂ¡ltozÃƒÂ¡sokat az SPS rendszerre valÃƒÂ³ ÃƒÂ¡ttÃƒÂ©rÃƒÂ©s ÃƒÂ©s a bioetanol-gyÃƒÂ¡rtÃƒÂ³ ÃƒÂ¼zemek megjelenÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©vel pÃƒÂ¡rosulÃƒÂ³ erÃ…Â‘s gabonakereslet is tovÃƒÂ¡bb formÃƒÂ¡lhatja. - The study introduces the vertical and horizontal restructuring that has taken place in domestic grain demand, and its effects. Using the responses to our questionnaire and deep interviews, it was possible with cluster analysis to typify the actors on the purchase side and to model their price deal decisions. It can be stated that large commercial companies and holding groups are primarily the price leaders on the grain market, which can be explained by their size, storage capacity, logistical facility and strategy. The processors (mill, fodder mixer, seed-corn companies), integrators, small retailers and other companies are price-acceptors on the grain market. The intervention price level significantly influences the price deals and grain market strategies of the actors on the demand side, thereby being one of the possible instigators of their future transformation. Structural changes can be further shaped by conversion to the SPS system and strong grain demand coupled with the appearance of bioethanol producing factories.</abstract>
  <keywords>gabonapiac, intervenciÃƒÂ³, klaszteranalÃƒÂ­zis, keresleti oldal, ÃƒÂ¡ralku, grain market, intervention, cluster analysis, demand side, price deal, Agribusiness, Crop Production/Industries, International Relations/Trade, Production Economics,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>2</issue>
   <issuedate>2007</issuedate>
   <volume>51</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/57664</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Kemenyne-Horvath, Zsuzsanna</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:57665</identifier><datestamp>2010-03-26</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:57665">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>A MINÃ…ÂSÃƒÂ‰GMENEDZSMENT A HAZAI BAROMFI-FELDOLGOZÃƒÂSBAN</title>
  <abstract>A vizsgÃƒÂ¡latok alapjÃƒÂ¡n megÃƒÂ¡llapÃƒÂ­thatÃƒÂ³, hogy a magyar baromfi-feldolgozÃƒÂ³ iparÃƒÂ¡g megfelelÃ…Â‘en teljesÃƒÂ­ti mind a hazai, mind az EU-s elÃ…Â‘ÃƒÂ­rÃƒÂ¡sokat, kÃƒÂ¶vetelmÃƒÂ©nyeket. Az ÃƒÂ©lelmiszerbiztonsÃƒÂ¡gi elÃ…Â‘ÃƒÂ­rÃƒÂ¡soknak valÃƒÂ³ megfelelÃƒÂ©s valamennyi ÃƒÂ©rintett vÃƒÂ¡llalkozÃƒÂ¡sban elsÃ…Â‘dleges szempont. A magas minÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©gi szÃƒÂ­nvonal elÃƒÂ©rÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©re ÃƒÂ©s teljesÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©re irÃƒÂ¡nyulÃƒÂ³ tovÃƒÂ¡bbi mÃƒÂ³dszereket, mint pl. az integrÃƒÂ¡lt menedzsment irÃƒÂ¡nyÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡si rendszereket is alkalmazzÃƒÂ¡k a vÃƒÂ¡llalkozÃƒÂ¡sok, de az ezekre valÃƒÂ³ tÃƒÂ¶rekvÃƒÂ©st nem a vÃƒÂ¡llalat belsÃ…Â‘ igÃƒÂ©nye, hanem a piac indukÃƒÂ¡lja. RemÃƒÂ©lhetÃ…Â‘leg a jÃƒÂ¶vÃ…Â‘ben egyre tÃƒÂ¶bb ÃƒÂ©lelmiszeripari vÃƒÂ¡llalkozÃƒÂ¡s ismeri fel az ISO 22000 szabvÃƒÂ¡ny alkalmazÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡nak elÃ…Â‘nyeit, ami ÃƒÂ¶tvÃƒÂ¶zi a HACCP ÃƒÂ©s az ISO 9001 alkalmazÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡t, ÃƒÂ©s kifejezetten az ÃƒÂ©lelmiszeripari termelÃƒÂ©sre specializÃƒÂ¡lt szabvÃƒÂ¡nykÃƒÂ©nt vonult be a nemzetkÃƒÂ¶zi szabvÃƒÂ¡nyok kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ©. - It can be determined based on our investigations that the domestic poultry-processing sector fulfils both domestic and EU regulations and requirements. Conformity with food security regulations is a priority in all affected businesses. Companies also utilise additional methods to achieve and fulfil high quality standards, such as integrated management control systems; however, these endeavours are not motivated by their internal requirements, but by the market. It is to be hoped that in the future increasing numbers of food industry businesses will acknowledge the advantages of utilising the ISO 22000 standard, which combines the HACCP and the ISO 9001 standards and was entered among international standards as one specifically relating to food industry production.</abstract>
  <keywords>ÃƒÂ©lelmiszerbiztonsÃƒÂ¡g, minÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©g, menedzsment, irÃƒÂ¡nyÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡si rendszer, food security, quality, management, control system, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Food Security and Poverty, Livestock Production/Industries,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>2</issue>
   <issuedate>2007</issuedate>
   <volume>51</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/57665</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Mikaczo, Andrea</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:57687</identifier><datestamp>2010-03-26</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:57687">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>A VIDÃƒÂ‰KI TURIZMUS SZEREPE AZ ÃƒÂ‰SZAK-MAGYARORSZÃƒÂG RÃƒÂ‰GIÃƒÂ“BAN, KÃƒÂœLÃƒÂ–NÃƒÂ–S TEKINTETTEL A VIDÃƒÂ‰KFEJLESZTÃƒÂ‰SRE A 2007-13. ÃƒÂ‰VI AGRÃƒÂR- ÃƒÂ‰S VIDÃƒÂ‰KPOLITIKA TÃƒÂœKRÃƒÂ‰BEN</title>
  <abstract>ÃƒÂ‰szak-MagyarorszÃƒÂ¡g hÃƒÂ¡rom megyÃƒÂ©je kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¼l Borsod-AbaÃƒÂºj-ZemplÃƒÂ©n megyÃƒÂ©-ben a legjelentÃ…Â‘sebb a magÃƒÂ¡nszÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ¡sadÃƒÂ¡s szerepe, a vendÃƒÂ©glÃƒÂ¡tÃƒÂ³k 50,5%-a talÃƒÂ¡lha-tÃƒÂ³ itt, Hevesben 41,6%-a, mikÃƒÂ¶zben NÃƒÂ³grÃƒÂ¡d megyÃƒÂ©ben 7,9%-a. ÃƒÂ‰szak-MagyarorszÃƒÂ¡g magÃƒÂ¡nszÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ¡s fÃƒÂ©rÃ…Â‘helyeinek eloszlÃƒÂ¡sa a 2005-ÃƒÂ¶s adatokat vizsgÃƒÂ¡lva terÃƒÂ¼letileg meglehetÃ…Â‘sen egyenlÃ…Â‘tlen. A magÃƒÂ¡nszÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ¡shelyeken belÃƒÂ¼l a 2005-ÃƒÂ¶s adatok alapjÃƒÂ¡n a falusi szÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ¡sadÃƒÂ¡s szÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ¡shelyei 58%-ot tesznek ki, mellyel a rÃƒÂ©giÃƒÂ³ eltÃƒÂ©r az orszÃƒÂ¡gos megoszlÃƒÂ¡stÃƒÂ³l. A legtÃƒÂ¶bb mutatÃƒÂ³ vonatkozÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡ban megÃƒÂ¡llapÃƒÂ­tottuk, hogy a rÃƒÂ©giÃƒÂ³ megyÃƒÂ©inek falusi szÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ¡sadÃƒÂ¡ssal, illetve magÃƒÂ¡nszÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ¡sadÃƒÂ¡ssal rendelkezÃ…Â‘ telepÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ©sei tÃƒÂ¡rsadalmi-gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi fejlettsÃƒÂ©ge, illetve folyamatai sok tekintetben kedvezÃ…Â‘tlenebbek az ilyen szÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ¡sadÃƒÂ¡ssal rendelkezÃ…Â‘ telepÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ©sek vidÃƒÂ©ki ÃƒÂ¡tlagÃƒÂ¡nÃƒÂ¡l, mely alapvetÃ…Â‘en meghatÃƒÂ¡rozza a helyi idegenforgalom jÃƒÂ¶vÃ…Â‘jÃƒÂ©t. TerÃƒÂ¼letileg lÃƒÂ©nyegÃƒÂ©ben nÃƒÂ©gy nagy csomÃƒÂ³pontot lehet elkÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¶nÃƒÂ­teni, ahol a magÃƒÂ¡nszÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ¡sok nÃƒÂ©pessÃƒÂ©gre vetÃƒÂ­tett arÃƒÂ¡nya kiugrÃƒÂ³an magas: Aggtelek tÃƒÂ©rsÃƒÂ©ge, ZemplÃƒÂ©n, MÃƒÂ¡tra-BÃƒÂ¼kk tÃƒÂ©rsÃƒÂ©g ÃƒÂ©s a Tisza-tÃƒÂ³ kÃƒÂ¶rnyÃƒÂ©ke. A falusi szÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ¡sadÃƒÂ¡sban a hÃƒÂ¡rom megye kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¼l csak NÃƒÂ³grÃƒÂ¡dban csÃƒÂ¶kkent a vendÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©jszakÃƒÂ¡k szÃƒÂ¡ma 2000-hez kÃƒÂ©pest 2005-ben, mÃƒÂ­g a mÃƒÂ¡sik kÃƒÂ©t megyÃƒÂ©ben a vidÃƒÂ©ki ÃƒÂ¡tlagot meghaladÃƒÂ³ nÃƒÂ¶vekedÃƒÂ©s tÃƒÂ¶rtÃƒÂ©nt. A fizetÃ…Â‘vendÃƒÂ©glÃƒÂ¡tÃƒÂ¡sban ezzel szemben mÃƒÂ­g vidÃƒÂ©ken a vendÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©jszakÃƒÂ¡k szÃƒÂ¡ma jelentÃ…Â‘s mozgÃƒÂ¡sok mellett lÃƒÂ©nyegÃƒÂ©ben stagnÃƒÂ¡lt, addig a rÃƒÂ©giÃƒÂ³ban lassÃƒÂº, folyamatos a csÃƒÂ¶kkenÃƒÂ©s. A vizsgÃƒÂ¡lt ÃƒÂ©vekben Borsod-AbaÃƒÂºj-ZemplÃƒÂ©n ÃƒÂ©s Heves megyÃƒÂ©kben differenciÃƒÂ¡-lÃƒÂ³dÃƒÂ¡s, NÃƒÂ³grÃƒÂ¡d vonatkozÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡ban viszont kismÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kÃ…Â± kiegyenlÃƒÂ­tÃ…Â‘dÃƒÂ©s jÃƒÂ¡tszÃƒÂ³dott le. A hÃƒÂ¡rom megyÃƒÂ©t ÃƒÂ¶sszehasonlÃƒÂ­tva a legnagyobb terÃƒÂ¼leti kÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¶nbsÃƒÂ©geket Borsod-AbaÃƒÂºj-ZemplÃƒÂ©nben talÃƒÂ¡ljuk, s a nagyjÃƒÂ¡bÃƒÂ³l hasonlÃƒÂ³ alaphelyzetbÃ…Â‘l indulÃƒÂ³ Heves ÃƒÂ©s NÃƒÂ³grÃƒÂ¡d megyÃƒÂ©k pÃƒÂ¡lyÃƒÂ¡i elvÃƒÂ¡ltak egymÃƒÂ¡stÃƒÂ³l. E folyamatnak kÃƒÂ¶szÃƒÂ¶nhetÃ…Â‘en Heves megyÃƒÂ©ben a magÃƒÂ¡nszÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ¡sok vendÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©jszakÃƒÂ¡i vonatkozÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡ban jÃƒÂ³val nagyobb terÃƒÂ¼-leti kÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¶nbsÃƒÂ©geket talÃƒÂ¡lunk, mint NÃƒÂ³grÃƒÂ¡dban. A magÃƒÂ¡nszÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ¡sadÃƒÂ¡ssal rendelkezÃ…Â‘ telepÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ©sek kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¼l csak 4 jellemezhetÃ…Â‘ komplex versenyelÃ…Â‘nnyel idegenforgalmi szempontbÃƒÂ³l, mÃƒÂ­g 46 tÃƒÂ¶bbtÃƒÂ©nyezÃ…Â‘s ver-senyelÃ…Â‘nnyel. E telepÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ©sek hosszabb tÃƒÂ¡von is a rÃƒÂ©giÃƒÂ³ legmeghatÃƒÂ¡rozÃƒÂ³bb telepÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ©-sei magÃƒÂ¡nszÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ¡sadÃƒÂ¡s vonatkozÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡ban. SajnÃƒÂ¡latos mÃƒÂ³don a magÃƒÂ¡nszÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ¡sadÃƒÂ¡ssal rendelkezÃ…Â‘ telepÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ©sek tÃƒÂ¶bbsÃƒÂ©ge versenyhÃƒÂ¡trÃƒÂ¡nyos. VizsgÃƒÂ¡latunk szerint igen nagy problÃƒÂ©mÃƒÂ¡t jelent az elterjedtsÃƒÂ©g ÃƒÂ©s a kihasznÃƒÂ¡ltsÃƒÂ¡g. Nagyon sok olyan tele-pÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ©s van, ahol ezeken kÃƒÂ­vÃƒÂ¼l mÃƒÂ©g a telepÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ©s elÃƒÂ¶regedÃƒÂ©se is meghatÃƒÂ¡rozÃƒÂ³, mely befolyÃƒÂ¡solja a magÃƒÂ¡nszÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ¡sadÃƒÂ¡s jÃƒÂ¶vÃ…Â‘beli folyamatait. A magÃƒÂ¡nszÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ¡sadÃƒÂ¡s tÃƒÂ¡rsadalmi-gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi ÃƒÂ¶sszefÃƒÂ¼ggÃƒÂ©seit vizsgÃƒÂ¡lva elmondhatÃƒÂ³, hogy a magÃƒÂ¡nszÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ¡shelyek 1000 lakosra vetÃƒÂ­tett szÃƒÂ¡mÃƒÂ¡ra ÃƒÂ©s a vendÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©jszakÃƒÂ¡kra a demogrÃƒÂ¡fiai ÃƒÂ©s a szociÃƒÂ¡lis ismÃƒÂ©rvek nincsenek komolyabb hatÃƒÂ¡ssal. Azaz ilyen szÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ¡shelyek lÃƒÂ©tesÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©nek nem volt feltÃƒÂ©tele a megfelelÃ…Â‘ szociÃƒÂ¡lis-demogrÃƒÂ¡fiai kÃƒÂ¶rnyezet, illetve ezek a szÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ¡shelyek nem kÃƒÂ©pesek megteremteni ezt a kÃƒÂ¶rnyezetet, bÃƒÂ¡r a demogrÃƒÂ¡fiai helyzet meghatÃƒÂ¡rozÃƒÂ³ a helyi idegenforgalom jÃƒÂ¶vÃ…Â‘je szempontjÃƒÂ¡bÃƒÂ³l. A komplex gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi vÃƒÂ¡ltozÃƒÂ³val mÃƒÂ¡r nem ilyen egyÃƒÂ©rtelmÃ…Â± a helyzet. Azt ÃƒÂ¡llapÃƒÂ­tottuk meg, hogy az ÃƒÂ¡tlagnÃƒÂ¡l magasabb magÃƒÂ¡nszÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ¡shely-arÃƒÂ¡ny ÃƒÂ¡tlagos gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi volumennel pÃƒÂ¡rosul, mÃƒÂ­g az ÃƒÂ¡tlag feletti gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi teljesÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©s ÃƒÂ¡tlagos magÃƒÂ¡nszÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ¡s adatokat ad telepÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ©sszinten. FeltÃƒÂ©telezhetÃ…Â‘en az erÃ…Â‘sebb gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi jelenlÃƒÂ©t az idegenforgalomban nem a magÃƒÂ¡nszÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ¡shelyek szÃƒÂ¡mÃƒÂ¡nak nÃƒÂ¶vekedÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©vel, hanem a kereskedelmi szÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ¡shelyek szÃƒÂ¡mÃƒÂ¡val van szorosabb kapcsolatban, de ezt az ÃƒÂ¶sszefÃƒÂ¼ggÃƒÂ©st ebben a kutatÃƒÂ¡sban nem elemeztÃƒÂ¼k. Az erÃ…Â‘s magÃƒÂ¡nszÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ¡shely potenciÃƒÂ¡lnak pedig nincsen meghatÃƒÂ¡rozÃƒÂ³ gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi ereje. A vizsgÃƒÂ¡latokbÃƒÂ³l az a tapasztalat vonhatÃƒÂ³ le, hogy a magÃƒÂ¡nszÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ¡shelyek minden kÃƒÂ¼lsÃ…Â‘ kÃƒÂ¶rÃƒÂ¼lmÃƒÂ©nyek kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶tt megtalÃƒÂ¡lhatÃƒÂ³ak, nemcsak az Ã¢Â€ÂželmÃƒÂ©letilegÃ¢Â€Â megfelelÃ…Â‘ kÃƒÂ¶rnyezet biztosÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sa esetÃƒÂ©n. - Of northern HungaryÃ¢Â€Â™s three regions, the role of private accommodation is most significant in the county of Borsod-AbaÃƒÂºj-ZemplÃƒÂ©n where 50.5% of catering establishments can be found, followed by Heves with 41.6% and NÃƒÂ³grÃƒÂ¡d with 7.9%. Examination of 2005 data shows that the distribution of private accommodation rooms is territorially rather uneven. Village accommodation constitutes 58% of private accommodation rooms, based on the 2005 data, which is at variance with distribution nationally. With regard to most of the indicators, we established that in many respects the socio-economic development and processes of settlements boasting accommodation and private accommodation in the regionÃ¢Â€Â™s counties are unfavourable, in comparison to the average for countryside settlements with such accommodation. This fundamentally determines the future of local tourism. Territorially, four large convergences can be set apart, where the ratio of private accommodation to population is prominently high: the Aggtelek territory, ZemplÃƒÂ©n, MÃƒÂ¡tra-BÃƒÂ¼kk and the area around Tisza-tÃƒÂ³. Of the three counties, the number of guest-nights in 2005, in comparison to 2000, only fell in NÃƒÂ³grÃƒÂ¡d, while the other two counties experienced growth in excess of the regional average. In commercial hospitality, by comparison, while the number of guest-nights in the countryside fluctuated significantly but fundamentally stagnated, in the region there is a slow, constant fall. In the years under examination differentiation took place in Borsod-AbaÃƒÂºj-ZemplÃƒÂ©n and Heves counties, while there was a small degree of equalisation in NÃƒÂ³grÃƒÂ¡d. Comparing the three counties, the greatest territorial differences can be found in Borsod-AbaÃƒÂºj-ZemplÃƒÂ©n, while the paths of Heves and NÃƒÂ³grÃƒÂ¡d counties have diverged, having started from similar positions. Owing to this process, in terms of private accommodation guest-nights much greater territorial differences can be found in Heves County than in NÃƒÂ³grÃƒÂ¡d. Of settlements with private accommodation, only four can be characterised as having complex competitive advantages from a tourism viewpoint, while 46 have competitive advantages comprising multiple factors. In terms of private accommodation these are also the regionÃ¢Â€Â™s most determinant settlements in the long-term. Unfortunately the majority of settlements with private accommodation suffer from competitive disadvantages. According to our investigation, range and utilisation represent significant problems. There are many settlements where, above and beyond this the aging of the settlement is also a determining factor, which influences the future processes of private accommodation. Examining the socio-economic correlations of private accommodation, it can be said that neither demographics nor social criteria have a serious effect on the projected number of private accommodation rooms and guest-nights per 1000 inhabitants. That is to say, a suitable socio-demographic environment was not a condition for the establishment of such accommodations, and these accommodations are not able to create this environment even though, in terms of the future, the demographic situation is a determining factor in local tourism. With the complex economic variable, the situation is no longer so clear cut. We established that the above average ratio of private accommodation is coupled with average economic volume, while above average economic performance produces average private accommodation data at the settlement level. It can be assumed that a stronger economic presence in tourism is more strongly related to commercial accommodation numbers than to increases in the number of private accommodations, although we did not analyse this relationship in this research. Nevertheless, a strong potential for private accommodation does not have any determining economic power. The conclusion to be drawn from this investigation is that private accommodation can be found under all external circumstances, not only where a Ã¢Â€ÂœtheoreticallyÃ¢Â€Â suitable environment is guaranteed.</abstract>
  <keywords>vidÃƒÂ©ki turizmus, falusi szÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ¡sadÃƒÂ¡s, fizetÃ…Â‘vendÃƒÂ©glÃƒÂ¡tÃƒÂ¡s, statisztikai elemzÃƒÂ©s, versenykÃƒÂ©pessÃƒÂ©g, countryside tourism, village accommodation, commercial hospitality, statistical analysis, competitiveness, Agricultural and Food Policy, Community/Rural/Urban Development,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>4</issue>
   <issuedate>2007</issuedate>
   <volume>51</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/57687</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>David, Lorant</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Toth, Geza</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Kelemen, Nora</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Kincses, Aron</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:58906</identifier><datestamp>2010-03-26</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:58906">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>THE POSSIBILITIES OF APPLYING HISTORIC SIMULATION FOR ASSESSING THE PROFITABILITY OF INVESTMENTS</title>
  <abstract>The above methods of assessment are based on different methodological and mathematical approaches; therefore, they yield slightly different results, which can be used to complement each other and thus gain a more complex picture about the risk of the investment. Calculating break-even points and sensitivity assessment are simple variance calculation methods with differing frameworks or backgrounds. The basis of decision is NPV, as the break even points of the various factors do not come complete with clearly defined rules and cut-off points for accepting or rejecting an investment. This is especially true for the dynamic payback period, which discriminates against long-term investments. Conclusions about the risk of the investment can be drawn if expected values and critical values show high disparity; this can be used for highlighting the more sensitive risk factors. However, in this case, we do not have a distribution of probability for factors, nor the probability of the occurrence of the critical values, so the use of data is limited. It is worth starting risk assessment with these simple methods of analysis to gain more insight into the underlying processes. If historic simulation is applied, we gain data for analysis from past figures. The basis for this procedure is sufficient quantity and quality data, which might pose considerable difficulties. On one hand, in the case of Hungary, the recent economic changes break the continuity of the data; on the other hand, it is often almost impossible to collect the necessary minimum of 50-100 figures for a realistic simulation generating the distribution of NPV. Setting the optimal time framework is also crucial: if data reach far back in the past, their applicability for present risk assessment is questionable. If the framework spans too short a period, the representativeness of the figures may be doubted. A frequent criticism of the method questions the approach that using real data from the past implies that the events in the past are likely to repeat, and new patterns are not expected to emerge. On the other hand, an advantage of the method is that it can be considered a complex calculation of variance that enables the analyst to assess possible future scenarios without having to define each and every expectation and prospect for the future. A wide range of mathematical skills is not necessary; therefore, it is easy to use, and the results are readily applicable, and expand on the results gained from more simple calculations aimed at assessing the risk of investments. All the above methods make an attempt at grabbing and describing risk itself. However, they simply cannot consider that investors may have different approaches to risk, which has a crucial impact on the decision about the investment. Investors expect benefits and positive outcomes proportionate to the risk undertaken; as a result, they have different sets of priorities for future cash flow. Although this factor does not appear in any of the models, using multiple models for an analysis can provide a wider range of information to be considered for assessing the profitability of an investment.</abstract>
  <keywords>risk factors, risk assessment methods, simulation, Agricultural Finance, Financial Economics,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>19</issue>
   <issuedate>2008</issuedate>
   <volume>51</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/58906</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Peter, Beata</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:57683</identifier><datestamp>2010-03-26</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:57683">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>RÃƒÂ‰GIÃƒÂ“- ÃƒÂ‰S TELEPÃƒÂœLÃƒÂ‰SMARKETING DEBRECENBEN</title>
  <abstract>MunkÃƒÂ¡mban Debrecen vÃƒÂ¡rosmarketing-csoportjÃƒÂ¡nak tevÃƒÂ©kenysÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©t vizsgÃƒÂ¡ltam. Az ÃƒÂ¡ltaluk megjelÃƒÂ¶lt hÃƒÂ¡rom legfontosabb cÃƒÂ©lcsoport igÃƒÂ©nyeit tÃƒÂ©rkÃƒÂ©peztem fel kvalitatÃƒÂ­v mÃƒÂ³dszerrel, megvizsgÃƒÂ¡lva ezzel, hogy a cÃƒÂ©lcsoportok ÃƒÂ¡ltal igÃƒÂ©nyelt intÃƒÂ©zkedÃƒÂ©sek ÃƒÂ©s a vÃƒÂ¡rosmarketing segÃƒÂ­tsÃƒÂ©gÃƒÂ©vel kijelÃƒÂ¶lt fejlesztÃƒÂ©si cÃƒÂ©lok mennyiben fedik egymÃƒÂ¡st. MegÃƒÂ¡llapÃƒÂ­tottam, hogy a debreceni vÃƒÂ¡rosmarketing-csoport ÃƒÂ©vrÃ…Â‘l-ÃƒÂ©vre egyre kiforrottabb, egysÃƒÂ©ges szemlÃƒÂ©letÃ…Â±, ÃƒÂ¡tgondolt marketinget valÃƒÂ³sÃƒÂ­t meg, de ennek ellenÃƒÂ©re jelentÃ…Â‘s erÃ…Â‘feszÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©sek szÃƒÂ¼ksÃƒÂ©gesek a regionÃƒÂ¡lis szerep elÃƒÂ©rÃƒÂ©se, a helyzet rÃƒÂ©szletes feltÃƒÂ¡rÃƒÂ¡sa ÃƒÂ©s a cÃƒÂ©lcsoportokkal folytatott kommunikÃƒÂ¡ciÃƒÂ³ javÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sa ÃƒÂ©rdekÃƒÂ©ben. - My work examines the activities of DebrecenÃ¢Â€Â™s city-marketing group. Using a qualitative method I mapped the requirements of the three most important target groups they identified, thereby investigating the extent to which the measures required by the target groups overlap with the development goals highlighted with the help of the city-marketing group. I discovered that, year on year, the Debrecen city-marketing group implements increasingly mature, thoughtful marketing with a unified approach, despite which however, significant efforts are still required in the interests of achieving a regional role, of uncovering the situation in detail, and of improving communication with the target groups.</abstract>
  <keywords>rÃƒÂ©giÃƒÂ³marketing, telepÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ©smarketing, befektetÃ…Â‘k, helyi lakosok, turistÃƒÂ¡k, marketing a region, marketing a settlement, investors, local inhabitants, tourists, Agribusiness, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Labor and Human Capital,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>3</issue>
   <issuedate>2007</issuedate>
   <volume>51</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/57683</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Gergely, Aniko</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Szabo, Zoltan</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:57678</identifier><datestamp>2010-03-26</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:57678">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>AZ INFRASTRUKTÃƒÂšRA ÃƒÂ‰S A MEZÃ…ÂGAZDASÃƒÂG</title>
  <abstract>A rendszervÃƒÂ¡ltozÃƒÂ¡s ÃƒÂ³ta alapjaiban vÃƒÂ¡ltoztak meg a kÃƒÂ¼lsÃ…Â‘ ÃƒÂ©s a belsÃ…Â‘ kÃƒÂ¶rÃƒÂ¼lmÃƒÂ©-nyek, a termelÃƒÂ©s, a feldolgozÃƒÂ¡s ÃƒÂ©s az ÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kesÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©s kÃƒÂ¶zgazdasÃƒÂ¡gi kÃƒÂ¶rnyezete. Az ÃƒÂ©lelmiszergazdasÃƒÂ¡g elemei kÃƒÂ¶zti rÃƒÂ©gi, akkor sem teljes ÃƒÂ¶sszhang ÃƒÂ¶sszeomlott, az ÃƒÂºjak pedig mÃƒÂ©g nem jÃƒÂ¶ttek lÃƒÂ©tre, nem vÃƒÂ¡ltak ÃƒÂ¡ltalÃƒÂ¡nossÃƒÂ¡. Elmaradott, szÃ…Â±k ke-resztmetszetÃ…Â± a mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡g infrastruktÃƒÂºrÃƒÂ¡ja ÃƒÂ©s sajnos ez jellemzi az agrÃƒÂ¡rtÃƒÂ©r-sÃƒÂ©g, a vidÃƒÂ©k infrastruktÃƒÂºrÃƒÂ¡jÃƒÂ¡t is. A mezÃ…Â‘gazdasÃƒÂ¡gi tÃƒÂ©rsÃƒÂ©gekben lassabb a nÃƒÂ¶ve-kedÃƒÂ©s ÃƒÂ©s a fejlÃ…Â‘dÃƒÂ©s ÃƒÂ¼teme, visszafogottabb a beruhÃƒÂ¡zÃƒÂ¡s, erÃ…Â‘sebb a tÃ…Â‘kehiÃƒÂ¡ny. Ezen sokat lendÃƒÂ­thet a speciÃƒÂ¡lis infrastruktÃƒÂºra ÃƒÂ¡tgondolt, dinamikus fejlesztÃƒÂ©se. - The internal and external circumstances, production, processing and the economic sales environment have all fundamentally changed since the democratic transformation. The old, never quite harmonious accord between elements of the food economy collapsed, and new ones were not established and did not become general. The rural economyÃ¢Â€Â™s infrastructure is outdated and results in bottle-necks, which is unfortunately also characteristic of the infrastructures of regional agriculture and the countryside. In rural economy regions growth and the rate of development is slower, investment is more restrained and the lack of capital is stronger. The thoughtful, dynamic development of special infrastructure can give this great impetus.</abstract>
  <keywords>infrastruktÃƒÂºra, speciÃƒÂ¡lis agrÃƒÂ¡r infrastruktÃƒÂºra, fejlettsÃƒÂ©g, fejlesztÃƒÂ©s, infrastructure, special agricultural infrastructure, maturity, development, Agribusiness, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>3</issue>
   <issuedate>2007</issuedate>
   <volume>51</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/57678</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Abonyi-Palotas, Jolan</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:57712</identifier><datestamp>2010-03-26</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:57712">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>A HAZAI TEJTERMELÃ…Â TEHENÃƒÂ‰SZETEKBEN ALKALMAZOTT TARTÃƒÂS- ÃƒÂ‰S ÃƒÂœZEMELTETÃƒÂ‰STECHNOLÃƒÂ“GIÃƒÂK ÃƒÂ‰RTÃƒÂ‰KELÃƒÂ‰SE</title>
  <abstract>Az elvÃƒÂ©gzett ÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kelÃƒÂ©s alÃƒÂ¡tÃƒÂ¡masztja a szakirodalmakban is olvashatÃƒÂ³ vÃƒÂ©lemÃƒÂ©nyeket, miszerint ma mÃƒÂ¡r csak a kÃƒÂ©nyelmes fekhelyÃ…Â± szÃƒÂ­nszerÃ…Â± istÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ³kban, kÃƒÂ¶tetlenÃƒÂ¼l tartott ÃƒÂ©s magas fokon automatizÃƒÂ¡lt fejÃ…Â‘ÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ¡sokban fejt ÃƒÂ¡llomÃƒÂ¡nyokkal van esÃƒÂ©ly a versenykÃƒÂ©pes, fenntarthatÃƒÂ³ tejtermelÃƒÂ©sre, feltÃƒÂ©telezve termÃƒÂ©szetesen a korszerÃ…Â± fajtÃƒÂ¡t ÃƒÂ©s az igÃƒÂ©nyes takarmÃƒÂ¡nyozÃƒÂ¡st. Ennek a tartÃƒÂ¡s-1 ÃƒÂ©s ÃƒÂ¼zemeltetÃƒÂ©s-technolÃƒÂ³giai2 korszerÃ…Â±sÃƒÂ©gi kÃƒÂ¶vetelmÃƒÂ©nynek csak a szÃƒÂ­nszerÃ…Â± istÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ³ban, almozott kÃƒÂ¶tetlen tartÃƒÂ¡s ÃƒÂ©s a szÃƒÂ­nszerÃ…Â± istÃƒÂ¡llÃƒÂ³kban almozatlan kÃƒÂ¶tetlen tartÃƒÂ¡s tudnak eleget tenni. KÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¼lÃƒÂ¼k az alommentes vÃƒÂ¡ltozat Ã¢Â€Â“ amellyel elsÃ…Â‘sorban a prognosztizÃƒÂ¡lt klÃƒÂ­mavÃƒÂ¡ltozÃƒÂ¡s miatt kell foglalkozni Ã¢Â€Â“ mÃƒÂ©g tovÃƒÂ¡bbi vizsgÃƒÂ¡latokat is kÃƒÂ­vÃƒÂ¡n. ÃƒÂ‰pÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©si, hÃ…Â‘szigetelÃƒÂ©si, klimatizÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ¡si ÃƒÂ©s ÃƒÂ¼zemeltetÃƒÂ©si tÃƒÂ¶bbletkÃƒÂ¶ltsÃƒÂ©geit a fajlagos hozamok nÃƒÂ¶velÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©n ÃƒÂ©s a minÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©gi mutatÃƒÂ³k javÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sÃƒÂ¡n kÃƒÂ­vÃƒÂ¼l a magasabb fokÃƒÂº gÃƒÂ©pesÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©ssel elÃƒÂ©rhetÃ…Â‘ nagyobb munkatermelÃƒÂ©kenysÃƒÂ©ggel ÃƒÂ©s a telepi trÃƒÂ¡gyakezelÃƒÂ©s korszerÃ…Â±bb Ã¢Â€Â“ kÃƒÂ¶rnyezetvÃƒÂ©delmi bÃƒÂ­rsÃƒÂ¡got is elkerÃƒÂ¼lÃ…Â‘ Ã¢Â€Â“ megoldÃƒÂ¡saival ÃƒÂ©s mÃƒÂ¡s racionalizÃƒÂ¡lÃƒÂ¡sokkal valÃƒÂ³szÃƒÂ­nÃ…Â±sÃƒÂ­thetÃ…Â‘en ellensÃƒÂºlyozni lehet majd. TapasztalatszerzÃƒÂ©s cÃƒÂ©ljÃƒÂ¡bÃƒÂ³l szÃƒÂ¼ksÃƒÂ©gesnek lÃƒÂ¡tszik ezÃƒÂ©rt egy ezt cÃƒÂ©lzÃƒÂ³ K+F munka beindÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ¡sa ÃƒÂ©s egy a klÃƒÂ­mavÃƒÂ¡ltozÃƒÂ¡sra Ã¢Â€ÂžfelkÃƒÂ©szÃƒÂ¼lÃ…Â‘Ã¢Â€Â tehenÃƒÂ©szeti telep konkrÃƒÂ©t meg-tervezÃƒÂ©se, felÃƒÂ©pÃƒÂ­tÃƒÂ©se, ÃƒÂ¼zemeltetÃƒÂ©se ÃƒÂ©s tartÃƒÂ³s ÃƒÂ¼zemi vizsgÃƒÂ¡lata. - The evaluation conducted confirmed the opinions to be found in specialist literature, according to which competitive, sustainable milk production is now only possible in comfortable, open stables, with unrestricted livestock milked in highly automated milking stalls Ã¢Â€Â“ always assuming, of course, an up-to-date breed and a high standard of feeding. This requirement for modern maintenance and operation technologies can only be met by unrestricted maintenance in open stables with litter, and unrestricted maintenance in open stables without litter. Of these, the litterless variety Ã¢Â€Â“ which must primarily be considered because of climate change predictions Ã¢Â€Â“ requires further investigation. Besides increases in specific yields and improvements in quality indicators, the additional building, insulation, air conditioning and operational costs can in all probability be balanced by greater productivity achieved through higher levels of automation, more modern solutions for the handling of the estateÃ¢Â€Â™s fertilisation Ã¢Â€Â“ thereby also avoiding environmental protection fines Ã¢Â€Â“ and other rationalisations. It appears necessary for the purposes of gaining experience to initiate some targeted R&amp;D work and to examine the specific planning, building, operation and sustainable operation of a dairy farm Ã¢Â€ÂœpreparingÃ¢Â€Â for climate change.</abstract>
  <keywords>tartÃƒÂ¡s- ÃƒÂ©s ÃƒÂ¼zemeltetÃƒÂ©stechnolÃƒÂ³giÃƒÂ¡k, etolÃƒÂ³gia, ergonÃƒÂ³mia, kÃƒÂ¶rnyezetvÃƒÂ©delem, ÃƒÂ¶konÃƒÂ³mia maintenance and operation technologies, ethology, ergonomics, environmental protection, economics, Agribusiness, Farm Management, Livestock Production/Industries,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>5</issue>
   <issuedate>2007</issuedate>
   <volume>51</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/57712</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Atkos, Istvan</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:57662</identifier><datestamp>2010-03-26</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:57662">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>A FÃƒÂ–LBÃƒÂ‰RLETI DÃƒÂJ ÃƒÂ‰S A FÃƒÂ–LD ÃƒÂRÃƒÂNAK ALAKULÃƒÂSA</title>
  <abstract>A GyÃƒÂ¶ngyÃƒÂ¶si KistÃƒÂ©rsÃƒÂ©gben vÃƒÂ©gzett felmÃƒÂ©rÃƒÂ©s tapasztalatai azt mutattÃƒÂ¡k, hogy ÃƒÂ©lÃƒÂ©nkÃƒÂ¼lt a kistÃƒÂ©rsÃƒÂ©g fÃƒÂ¶ldpiaca. A fÃƒÂ¶ldbÃƒÂ©rleti dÃƒÂ­jak ÃƒÂ©s ÃƒÂ¡rak egyarÃƒÂ¡nt emelkedÃ…Â‘ tendenciÃƒÂ¡t mutattak, szÃƒÂ©lsÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©ges ingadozÃƒÂ¡sok mellett. A vizsgÃƒÂ¡lt idÃ…Â‘szakban ÃƒÂ©r-tÃƒÂ©kesÃƒÂ­tettek termÃ…Â‘fÃƒÂ¶ldet hektÃƒÂ¡ronkÃƒÂ©nt 80 ezer forintÃƒÂ©rt ÃƒÂ©s 4,5 milliÃƒÂ³ forintÃƒÂ©rt is. Egyszerre van jelen a fÃƒÂ¶ldtÃ…Â‘l valÃƒÂ³ mindenÃƒÂ¡ron valÃƒÂ³ szabadulÃƒÂ¡s ÃƒÂ©s a vÃƒÂ©tel szÃƒÂ¡ndÃƒÂ©-ka. A jÃƒÂ¶vÃ…Â‘re nÃƒÂ©zve a fÃƒÂ¶ldÃƒÂ¡r ÃƒÂ©s a haszonbÃƒÂ©rleti dÃƒÂ­j nÃƒÂ¶vekedÃƒÂ©se vÃƒÂ¡rhatÃƒÂ³, de ez az EU ÃƒÂ¡tlag alatt alakul hosszabb tÃƒÂ¡von is. A fÃƒÂ¶ld birtoklÃƒÂ¡sa Ã¢Â€Â“ helyzetÃƒÂ©tÃ…Â‘l fÃƒÂ¼ggÃ…Â‘en Ã¢Â€Â“ a jÃƒÂ¶vÃ…Â‘ben kimagaslÃƒÂ³ hozamot biztosÃƒÂ­that, ÃƒÂ©s vÃƒÂ¡rhatÃƒÂ³an meghaladja a lekÃƒÂ¶tÃƒÂ¶tt bankbetÃƒÂ©tek hozamÃƒÂ¡t, sÃ…Â‘t esetenkÃƒÂ©nt extraprofit is elÃƒÂ©rhetÃ…Â‘. A termelÃ…Â‘eszkÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¶k kÃƒÂ¶zÃƒÂ¼l ma mÃƒÂ¡r csak a fÃƒÂ¶ldingatlan ÃƒÂ©s a munkaerÃ…Â‘ alulÃƒÂ©rtÃƒÂ©kelt MagyarorszÃƒÂ¡gon. EzÃƒÂ©rt Ã¢Â€Â“ vÃƒÂ©lemÃƒÂ©nyÃƒÂ¼nk szerint Ã¢Â€Â“ a fÃƒÂ¶ldingatlan kÃƒÂ­nÃƒÂ¡lkozik utolsÃƒÂ³ befektetÃƒÂ©si lehetÃ…Â‘sÃƒÂ©gkÃƒÂ©nt extraprofit elÃƒÂ©rÃƒÂ©sÃƒÂ©hez. - The evaluation conducted in the GyÃƒÂ¶ngyÃƒÂ¶s small region shows that the small regionÃ¢Â€Â™s land market is picking up. Land rental fees and land prices both show a rising tendency, coupled with extreme fluctuations. In the period under examination, agricultural land was sold for 80,000 forints per hectare, as well as for 4.5 million forints/ha. Both the desire to be rid of land and the intention to purchase exists simultaneously. In the future, both land prices and tenancy fees can be expected to rise, while remaining below the EU average even in the longer-term. Land ownership Ã¢Â€Â“ depending on location Ã¢Â€Â“ can guarantee high returns in the future, probably exceeding the returns on fixed bank deposits; in fact, in some cases it can produce extra profit. In Hungary, only land and labour are currently undervalued as tools of production. Therefore, in our opinion, land offers the final investment opportunity for achieving extra profit. It can be stated, based on the investigations conducted in the GyÃƒÂ¶ngyÃƒÂ¶s small region, that the following have all played a part in the measured growth of land prices and rents: sector profitability; simultaneous supply and demand; fragmented estate structures; the high ratio of common tenancies; the ban on land purchase by capital rich foreign buyers and by national partnerships; significant land left fallow; the aims of land purchase and its later utilisation; advantageous locations; longer rental contracts; the appearance of regionally based government subsidies and their annual growth; the Ã¢Â€Âœlife annuity for landÃ¢Â€Â programme; and the land rental fee utilised by the National Land Fund (NFA).</abstract>
  <keywords>termÃ…Â‘fÃƒÂ¶ld, fÃƒÂ¶ldpiac, fÃƒÂ¶ldbÃƒÂ©rlet, fÃƒÂ¶ldÃƒÂ©rt ÃƒÂ©letjÃƒÂ¡radÃƒÂ©k, agricultural land, land market, land rental, life annuity for land, Land Economics/Use,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>2</issue>
   <issuedate>2007</issuedate>
   <volume>51</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/57662</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Marsalek, Sandor</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Deme, Pal</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Szabo, Ferenc</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Hagen, Istvan</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<record>
<header><identifier>oai:RePEc:ags:gazdal:58900</identifier><datestamp>2010-03-26</datestamp><setSpec>RePEc:ags:gazdal</setSpec></header>

<metadata><amf xmlns="http://amf.openlib.org" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://amf.openlib.org http://amf.openlib.org/2001/amf.xsd" xmlns:repec="http://repec.openlib.org">
 <text id="RePEc:ags:gazdal:58900">
  <type>article</type>
  <ispartof>
   <collection ref="RePEc:ags:gazdal" />
  </ispartof>
  <title>RESEARCH OF THE WEALTH AND FINANCIAL SOURCE OF THE AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES</title>
  <abstract>After 10 years, follow up 90Ã¢Â€Â™s, number of companyÃ¢Â€Â™s jump in increase, and so after the fritter of implements, the venture interests decrease continually in the agriculture from 2001. In nation-wide level, correlated to 2000, in 2003 the number of companyÃ¢Â€Â™s decrease by 7% (6). In the county Intensity of the bad effects of weather (drought, flood) cut down on the increase of agricultural enterprises, also in the future. General cause of the shift ratio between the implements and current assets, which serve the enterprise more than one year, is the subsidence of the rate of resource. Inside the tangible assets the ratio of investments in 4.5%, although in rate equal to tangible assets, it shows more than 60% increase according to 2000. To achieve the investments, the companies use own and foreign source, the latter can feel in the long-term indebtedness. The enterprises have to attend such a craggy increase because it may cause liquidity problems. Enterprises obligated to use their free source toward pay back their obligations (5). For the smooth operation the own liquid sources of enterprises are low (indexes of liquidity and indebtedness) so for finance the operation they need credit and encouragement. EncouragementÃ¢Â€Â™s can cause blasts in long term if the effects of these encouragements do not improve the efficiency and do not keep the environment (interest subsidy, guarantee). Joining to the European Union had not get any considerable effect on the development of financial index. Our Union membership impinge on the financial conditions of agriculture enterprises needs a large research.</abstract>
  <keywords>agricultural enterprises, financial index, liquidity, indebtedness, Agribusiness, Agricultural Finance,</keywords>
  <serial>
   <issue>19</issue>
   <issuedate>2008</issuedate>
   <volume>51</volume>
  </serial>
  <file>
   <url>http://purl.umn.edu/58900</url>
   <format>application/pdf</format>
  </file>
  <hasauthor>
   <person>
    <name>Gaspar, Andrea</name>
   </person>
  </hasauthor>
 </text>
</amf>
</metadata>
</record>
<resumptionToken></resumptionToken>
</ListRecords>
</OAI-PMH>
