2010-07-31T11:02:01Z http://oai.repec.openlib.org/oai.php

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_484_00372010-04-15RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_484_0037 article Responsabilité d'entreprise et innovation : entre exploration et exploitation M14, O31 corporate responsibility, improvement, innovation, exploitation, exploration, models, behaviour typology http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_484_0037 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2009-4-page-37.htm Annick Castiaux

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_484_00692010-04-15RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_484_0069 article Le virage de la responsabilité sociale au Maroc. Le cas du secteur agroalimentaire M14 corporate social responsibility, stakeholder management, social responsible management, agri-food sector http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_484_0069 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2009-4-page-69.htm Manal El Abboubi Fatima El Kandoussi

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_484_00892010-04-15RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_484_0089 article La consommation socialement responsable : oui mais… M31 socially responsible consumption, ethics, corporate social responsibility http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_484_0089 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2009-4-page-89.htm Agnès Francois-Lecompte

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_484_00052010-04-15RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_484_0005 article Introduction. Quel avenir pour la Responsabilité Sociétale de l'Entreprise ? http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_484_0005 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2009-4-page-5.htm Valérie Swaen

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_484_00512010-04-15RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_484_0051 article L'exploitation de la responsabilité sociétale de l'entreprise dans la publicité télévisuelle M14, M37 corporate social responsibility, TV ad, communication http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_484_0051 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2009-4-page-51.htm Catherine Janssen Stéphanie Chavagne Valérie Swaen

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_484_00112010-04-15RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_484_0011 article La responsabilité sociétale des entreprises. Les enjeux et les outils du droit des sociétés : K22 corporate social responsibility, stakeholders, corporate law, corporate governance, social interest, capital, assets, audit and accountancy, conflict of interests, shareholders, general meeting, trans http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_484_0011 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2009-4-page-11.htm Yves De Cordt

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_484_00792010-04-15RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_484_0079 article La RSE en Inde : vers le dépassement de la tradition philanthropique ? M140 corporate social responsibility, India, stakeholders, responsible business practices http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_484_0079 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2009-4-page-79.htm Thibaud Lemercier

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_484_00992010-04-15RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_484_0099 article Le label social belge : une initiative à valeur d'exemple ? J59, J8, K31, L15, L2, L53, M14 social label, public tool, fundamental social rights, evaluation, measure CSR http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_484_0099 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2009-4-page-99.htm Mikaël Glorieux

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_484_00592010-04-15RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_484_0059 article Re-Framing Corporate Social responsibility M14 corporate social responsibility, sustainable development, purpose of business, change, re-framing http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_484_0059 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2009-4-page-59.htm Céline Louche Tom Dodd

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_484_01092010-04-15RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_484_0109 article Faut-il supprimer le « E » de RSE ? Enjeux politiques d'un débat terminologique corporate social responsibility, standardization, ISO 26000, International Organization for Standardization (ISO), economic governance http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_484_0109 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2009-4-page-109.htm Coline Ruwet

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_484_00232010-04-15RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_484_0023 article De la rhétorique à la pratique : les défis de l'intégration organisationnelle des principes de responsabilité sociétale de l'entreprise : M14 corporate social responsibility, stakeholder dialogue, organisational development http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_484_0023 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2009-4-page-23.htm François Maon

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_492_01372010-07-15RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_492_0137 article La Politique Agricole Commune : horizon 2014 : Q01, Q18 Common Agricultural Policy, Financial Perspective 2014-2020, European Union, Belgium http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_492_0137 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2010-2-page-137.htm Bruno Henry de Frahan Rembert De Blander

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_492_00572010-07-15RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_492_0057 article L'Union européenne au chevet de la crise financière : un état des lieux : E58, E65, G21, G28, K21, K22 financial crisis, European Union, financial regulation http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_492_0057 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2010-2-page-57.htm Damien Gerard Gaëtane Schaeken Willemaers

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_492_00152010-07-15RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_492_0015 article A post-crisis policy agenda to revive Europe's Schumpeterian growth capacity : L10, L20, L51 European Union, research, innovation http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_492_0015 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2010-2-page-15.htm Reinhilde Veugelers

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_492_00052010-07-15RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_492_0005 article Quelques questions à l'aube de la présidence belge de l'Union européenne http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_492_0005 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2010-2-page-5.htm Marcel Gérard Gaëtan Nicodème

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_492_00412010-07-15RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_492_0041 article Finances publiques et soutenabilité : E62, E65, G28 European union, financial crisis, Growth and Stability Pact, budgetary policy http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_492_0041 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2010-2-page-41.htm Servaas Deroose

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_492_00732010-07-15RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_492_0073 article Changements climatiques : quel rôle pour l'Union européenne après Copenhague ? : Q54, Q58 European Union, environment, climate policy, emission rights http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_492_0073 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2010-2-page-73.htm Vincent van Steenberghe

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_492_01572010-07-15RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_492_0157 article L'Europe est-elle sociale ? Les défis pour la présidence belge : J58, J88, H53 European Union, economic crisis, Strategy 2020, employment, investments http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_492_0157 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2010-2-page-157.htm Pervenche Berès

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_492_00252010-07-15RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_492_0025 article Putting Europe back on track : D00, E00, H30, H60 European Union, growth, public finances, Stability and Growth Pact http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_492_0025 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2010-2-page-25.htm Marc Stocker

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_492_01212010-07-15RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_492_0121 article Immigration policies in the EU : challenges and priorities : J61, J68 EU immigration policy, Blue Card, undocumented immigration http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_492_0121 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2010-2-page-121.htm Biagio Speciale

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_492_01052010-07-15RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_492_0105 article Le Fonds social européen en Belgique francophone : l'inscription de la politique sociale dans le paradigme de la compétitivité : I38, J68, J88 European Union, European Social Fund, employment policy http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_492_0105 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2010-2-page-105.htm Bernard Conter

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_492_00912010-07-15RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_492_0091 article Le système de TVA et le marché unique européen : H24, H26 http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_492_0091 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2010-2-page-91.htm Michel Aujean

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_483_00732009-09-03RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_483_0073 article La qualité de la gouvernance microfinancière dans les pays de l'UEMOA : construction d'un indice agrégé de gouvernance des IMF appliquée au cas du Bénin ? G21, G30, L31, O55. microfinance, governance, performance http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_483_0073 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2009-3-page-73.htm Pascal Wélé I

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_483_00192009-09-03RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_483_0019 article Thinking Outside of the Organizational Box: Institutional Innovation in the Sustainable Provision of Microfinance Services G21, I39, L31, M13, M14 microfinance, banking for the poor, social entrepreneurship, institutional transformation http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_483_0019 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2009-3-page-19.htm Jay K. Rosengard

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_483_00992009-09-03RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_483_0099 article Implication des IMF sur le marché des remittances. État des lieux et déterminants ? G21, O15, O16, O17. remittances, remittances market, microfinance industry, microfinance institutions http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_483_0099 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2009-3-page-99.htm Ritha Sukadi Mata

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_483_00392009-09-03RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_483_0039 article Commercialisation et financement de la microfinance : quels enjeux de gouvernance ? ? G21, G30, G32, L2, L3, O16, O17. microfinance, governance, commercialization, capital structure, MIVs http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_483_0039 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2009-3-page-39.htm Ludovic Urgeghe

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_483_00072009-09-03RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_483_0007 article Uncovering Microfinance Myths: Does Country-Wide Age Matter? ? F35, G21, G28, O54, O57 microfinance, outreach, poverty, international aid, population density http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_483_0007 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2009-3-page-7.htm Beatriz Armendariz Annabel Vanroose

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_483_00052009-09-03RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_483_0005 article Microfinance : évolutions du secteur, diversification de produits et gouvernance http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_483_0005 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2009-3-page-5.htm Marc Labie

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_483_00852009-09-03RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_483_0085 article La microfinance combinée : aperçu en Amérique latine et dans les Caraïbes ? G21, G22, L31, O54. microfinance, combined microfinance, microinsurance, microcredit, microsavings, Latin America and the Caribbean http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_483_0085 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2009-3-page-85.htm Koen Rossel-Cambier

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_483_00512009-09-03RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_483_0051 article La gouvernance des coopératives d'épargne et de crédit en microfinance : un enjeu de taille ? G21, G3, L2, L3, O16, O17. credit union, microfinance, cooperative, governance, growth, control, members http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_483_0051 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2009-3-page-51.htm Anaïs Périlleux

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_483_00292009-09-03RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_483_0029 article Articulation Banques-Microfinance en Afrique : impact sur la gouvernance et la performance des IMF ? D86, G21, G34, L25, L26. governance, banks, entry strategies, shareholder and partnership approach http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_483_0029 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2009-3-page-29.htm André Nsabimana

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_483_00612009-09-03RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_483_0061 article Évaluer la gouvernance et renforcer les capacités des institutions de microfinance : les enseignements d'une recherche-action au Mexique ? G21, G30, O54. microfinance, assessment, governance, Mexico http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_483_0061 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2009-3-page-61.htm François Doligez

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_491_00232010-05-06RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_491_0023 article Crise financière et normes comptables : G 01, G 12, M 40, M 48 financial accountancy, Basel, regulation, economic crisis http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_491_0023 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2010-1-page-23.htm André Farber Victor Ginsburgh

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_491_00712010-05-06RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_491_0071 article Le nouveau panorama financier aux Etats-Unis et les implications pour l'Europe. Une vue peu académique http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_491_0071 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2010-1-page-71.htm Georges Ugeux

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_491_00432010-05-06RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_491_0043 article La crise et les perceptions de Ms. Emily : A11, C20, C68, C87, D14, D81, D90, E02, E44, E52, F41, H30 http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_491_0043 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2010-1-page-43.htm Luc E. Leruth Pierre J. Nicolas

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_491_00312010-05-06RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_491_0031 article Crise financière et stabilité du système monétaire mondial : F21, F30, F32, F33 http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_491_0031 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2010-1-page-31.htm Vincent Bodart Serge Wibaut

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_491_00792010-05-06RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_491_0079 article La crise de 2008. Quel effet de retour sur la théorie macroéconomique ? http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_491_0079 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2010-1-page-79.htm Michel de Vroey

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_491_00112010-05-06RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_491_0011 article Le rôle des produits dérivés face au risque systémique : G01, G13, G20, G28 (D85) http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_491_0011 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2010-1-page-11.htm Hugues Pirotte

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_491_00052010-05-06RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_491_0005 article La crise ? Et après ? http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_491_0005 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2010-1-page-5.htm Serge Wibaut

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_491_00592010-05-06RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_491_0059 article Incitations perverses, résultats non durables. Le rôle des politiques salariales et fiscales dans la crise financière : H31, H32, J33 financial crisis, tax policy, fiscal incentives, compensation policy http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_491_0059 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2010-1-page-59.htm Etienne de Callataÿ Roland Gillet

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_464_00132009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_464_0013 article Conséquences énergétiques et sectorielles à long terme d'une contrainte sur les émissions de CO2 en Belgique Q4 ; C6. climate change, long term energy perspectives, energy consumption, CO2 emissions http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_464_0013 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2007-4-page-13.htm Danielle Devogelaer Dominique Gusbin

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_481_00152009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_481_0015 article Gouvernance francophone « responsable », condition d'une politique socio-économique efficace et solidaire en Belgique ? This short paper starts from two contributions written by economists in late 2007 and early 2008 which plead for : (i) improved public governance in French-speaking Belgium, and (ii) « responsible solidarity » within Belgium, together with improved coordination of policies. The paper argues that these two messages are complementary and discusses some specifics of a mechanism meant to incentivize regional convergence in employment rates across Belgian regions, noting that such a convergence would basically eliminate the fiscal transfers between regions. JEL Codes ? H11, H77, I28. http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_481_0015 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2009-1-page-15.htm Mathias Dewatripont

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_472_00192009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_472_0019 article À qui se fier : à la publicité ou à des experts au-dessus de tout soupçon ? Once households start loosing confidence in their economic future, they get increasingly concerned by the net utility of their consumption expenditures. Yet, ex-ante estimation of the value-for-money, that they expect to derive from their purchases and choices, may be a costly exercise ? if only, time-wise ?, which most often they cannot afford. Rather than experimenting by themselves, on their own, by successive trials and errors, they tend to turn to cheaper efficiency indicators of products and services provided by advertisements or more neutral sources, such as experts? reports edited by consumers? unions. Reviewing a very simple case, we unfortunately demonstrate that this second ? allegedly more reliable ? type of information may not be more dependable than the first, mainly because of the complexity of multi-attribute evaluations but perhaps also because of a lack of means to guarantee the representativeness of their quality control measurements. While advertisers are challenged by their competitors and are thus forced to be extremely cautious in rationally justifying their superiority claims<renvoi id="re2no2" idref="no2" typeref="note">2</renvoi>, consumers? organizations operate in a monopolistic environment enjoying, like the press because of their status of countervailing power, more degrees of freedom. For these reasons, we recommend that their comparative testing procedures be certified and regularly audited by public authorities ; we also urge them to spontaneously become more methodologically transparent. vertical differentiation, extremeness aversion, multicriteria evaluation, comparative testing, quality-to-price ratio, private label and distributor's own brand http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_472_0019 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2008-2-page-19.htm Alain Bultez Fabienne Guerra

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_401_00052009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_401_0005 article Introduction http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_401_0005 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2001-1-page-5.htm Benoît Mahy

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_401_00932009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_401_0093 article Faut-il régionaliser la formation des salaires ? http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_401_0093 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2001-1-page-93.htm Robert Deschamps

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_462_01552009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_462_0155 article Quelles frontières pour Bruxelles ? Une mise à jour The goal of this study is to propose a method for determining the limits of the Brussels urban agglomeration. The method is inspired by a review of the criteria used by national statistical institutes in several countries and based on a limited set of simple and easily available statistical indicators. We define the Brussels agglomeration as a group of municipalities that are densely populated or have an important concentration of jobs, and exhibit a strong functional dependence with the Brussels-Capital region, i.e. a high rate of commuting trips towards this region. According to this census-based definition, the Brussels agglomeration includes a constant core of 31 municipalities in 1991 and 2001. An additional municipality was included in the agglomeration in 1991 but not in 2001, indicating a small shrinking of the agglomeration. urban agglomeration, Brussels, urban geography http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_462_0155 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2007-2-page-155.htm Claire Dujardin Isabelle Thomas Henry Tulkens

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_423_00892009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_423_0089 article Élargissement de l'UE : implications en terme de défense, de sécurité et de politiques d'achat de matériel militaire The fifth enlargement of the EU will have several major consequences for the Union? CFSP and ESDP. It will bring the EU closer to potential areas of conflict and will offer the Central and Eastern European countries (CEECs) a key role in helping to manage and stabilise relations with the Union? new « near abroad». It will contribute to some extent in adding new military resources to the EU? « Headline Goal», but will also ?at least in the first instance ?exacerbate divisions between the « Atlanticist» and the « Europeanist» members of the Union. It may also intensify calls for a halt to further enlargement through the adoption of a « proximity policy» towards the EU? new neighbours. This paper assesses the implications of these developments for the coherence of the EU? future security and defence ambitions. Enlargement, Central and Eastern Europe, Defence Procurement, Security, Defence, Proximity Policy, NATO, Foreign Policy, ESDP http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_423_0089 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2003-3-page-89.htm Jolyon Howorth

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_474_00332009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_474_0033 article Le modèle belge de concertation budgétaire et les pouvoirs locaux http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_474_0033 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2008-4-page-33.htm Jean-François Husson

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_433_00972009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_433_0097 article Reflets et perspectives des entreprises de travail adapté The mission of ETA ?elgian sheltered workshops ?mainly consists in empowering disabled people, combining this social mission with the provision of goods and services, having to keep a balance between the social aspect and the economic aspect. ETA in the Walloon Region, while rightly diverse, are focused on the employment and the defense of the most underprivileged on the labour market. The strategy to meet this objective is analysed. Adapted work enterprises, sheltered workshops, handicapped people http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_433_0097 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2004-3-page-97.htm Guy Niset

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_401_01492009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_401_0149 article De quel côté du marché du travail prélever les impôts ?. Nouveaux éléments théoriques http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_401_0149 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2001-1-page-149.htm Pierre M. Picard Eric Toulemonde

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_432_00352009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_432_0035 article Les marchés financiers sont-ils rationnels ? Due to the recent stock market crises, many economists have been keeping aloof from the « core» of financial theory, whose main contention is that stock market prices are at any moment the best possible estimate of the « true» value of the issuing firms. Most of those economists have brought forward, in a way or another, the hypothesis that markets suddenly get crazy. This contribution, based on both observa~tion of the recent financial history (the crash of the « New Economy» securities) and results from « experimental economics», and using the complementary concepts of « mimicry» and « convention » to account for « self-referential dynamics», is opening a third way of thinking the efficiency problematic: investors fix their strategy based on the estimates of the other participants, even if they strongly believe they are wrong. Financial markets, stock market crises, efficient market hypothesis, self- referential dynamics http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_432_0035 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2004-2-page-35.htm André Orléan

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_473_00172009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_473_0017 article L'inclusion de la longévité humaine dans un nouvel indicateur de la richesse des nations ? I12, I31, J11, J17, N30. longevity, living conditions, standards of living, indicators, measurement http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_473_0017 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2008-3-page-17.htm Grégory Ponthière

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_462_00132009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_462_0013 article Inter-Industry Wage Differentials: What Do We Know? J31. inter-industry wage differentials http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_462_0013 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2007-2-page-13.htm François Rycx Ilan Tojerow

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_472_00092009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_472_0009 article Enfance, alimentation et publicité : quels rôles pour le marketing ? This paper investigates a new issue in advertising efficiency in young populations (children), i.e., social marketing campaigns using messages eliciting negative affective reactions in order to convince the child to adopt the proposed behavior. Social Marketing and advertising campaigns using fear (negative affective reactions) in this context are not new topics. However, it is their implementation in children?s population which is new and has not been studied so far. Indeed, many pieces of research have stressed the importance of affective reactions in children responses to marketing stimuli while most of these stressed on positive affective reactions but not on negative ones. In this paper we show how negative affective reactions can be efficient when they are used to promote a balanced diet among children. The results of both qualitative and quantitative studies reported here provide encouraging results in this respect. children, obesity, advertising, social marketing http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_472_0009 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2008-2-page-9.htm Karine Charry Claude Pecheux

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_433_01052009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_433_0105 article Le volontariat The article starts with the meaning of voluntary engagement, i.e. the civic consciousness of a citizen who cannot be unconcerned about his environment. It is more « another life» rather than « another job». Voluntary work is a « gift of time» and cannot be compared to a job, even if the production is the same. Then the article addresses some misconceptions about voluntary work and in particular the profile of volunteers. The paper also deals with the importance of voluntary work in the economy. voluntary work, volunteers http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_433_0105 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2004-3-page-105.htm Léon Lemercier

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_412_00812009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_412_0081 article Une proposition pour l'OMC : La « super » clause de nation plus favorisée http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_412_0081 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2002-2-page-81.htm Bernard Hoekman Marcelo Olarreaga

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_481_01612009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_481_0161 article Plan Marshall wallon : une évaluation ex ante en référence à la politique industrielle et d'innovation This article proposes an ex ante evaluation of the Walloon Priority Actions Plan, also called the Walloon Marshall Plan. Because they are new and constitute the core of the global clusters policy, we focus particularly on the measures aiming to develop the immaterial capital. The exercise highlights more specifically the rationale of the innovation policy. JEL Codes ? O38, R11, R58. Walloon Marshall Plan, global clusters, innovation, ex ante evaluation http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_481_0161 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2009-1-page-161.htm Béatrice Van Haeperen Martine Lefèvre Marcus Dejardin

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_421_00812009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_421_0081 article Les Enjeux du télétravail pour l'organisation Since its origin, telecommuting enormously evolved to become, as of today, a widespread and multiple form of work. The goal of this paper is to relate the evolution of traditional telecommuting to multiform telecommuting -mainly summarised by the alternated, mobile or independent telework. Partly based on empirical results and after having redefined the multiple concepts related to the subject, the telecommuting is put in perspective in today?s context, estimated favourable for its evolution. If telecommuting requires a critical judgement regarding the impact it can have on individuals and the organisation, our posture rather aims at showing that telework is a flexibility tool thought as and established as a component of a wider and more complex construction than the one identified in the jargon as « flexibility of the organization» or « new forms of organization «. Telework, telecommuting, organization, ICT, HRM, work http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_421_0081 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2003-1-page-81.htm Laurent Taskin

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_401_01692009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_401_0169 article The Shared Capitalist Model of Work and Compensation http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_401_0169 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2001-1-page-169.htm Richard Freeman

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_444_00352009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_444_0035 article Clusters et terroirs : les systèmes productifs localisés dans la filière vitivinicole This paper deals with the issue of competition between French and New World wine on world markets and concentrates on comparing the different organisation modes in this industry using the concept of cluster. Wine industries from the ¿New World¿ (Australia, South Africa, California, Chile) are said to be organised according to the cluster concept which was made popular by Michael Porter. It can be compared to the winemaking industries?organisation in France, where the dominating reference is that of the archetypal type of cluster called terroir, a ¿homogenous territory that is endowed with a very strong identity which is characterised by an whole of natural resources (soil, climate) and ¿cultural?resources (historical, social)¿. This organisation mode, that has made French wines successful world wide, is now being under pressure from New World clusters. clusters, wine industry, externalities, certificate of guaranteed origin (AOC) http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_444_0035 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2005-4-page-35.htm Jean-Guillaume Ditter

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_422_00732009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_422_0073 article Les crises de dettes souveraines et leur résolution – Développements récents In the aftermath of the Mexican crisis of 1994, and against the backgroundof increased reliance by sovereign debtors on bond financing in the early 1990?, theGroup of Ten published in 1996 a report on « The resolution of Sovereign LiquidityCrises». In order to promote a more orderly resolution of such crises, and hence reducethe huge costs involved, the so-called « Rey Report» put much emphasis on the benefitsof including collective action clauses (CACs) in sovereign bond issues through a mar-ket-led process.Since 1996, the world has seen several new large debt crises in emerging economies,constituting serious threats for the international financial stability. The debate on theinclusion of CACs ?what is called now a « contractual approach» ?has regainedconsiderable momentum at the current stage, as has the debate on a « statutoryapproach», which would imply the establishment of a sovereign debt restructuringmechanism. This article recalls experiences with recent debt crises, and analyses thepotential impact of the proposals put forward in the current debate on the behaviour ofcreditors and debtors. Building on that analysis, the point is made that the statutoryand contractual approaches are not only complementary and self-reinforcing, but areeven inextricably interlinked, while presumptive access limits to Fund financing act as acatalyst for the functioning of both. sovereign debt crises, international financial architecture, International Monetary Fund http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_422_0073 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2003-2-page-73.htm Géraldine Mahieu Stéphane Rottier Thomas Schepens

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_433_00812009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_433_0081 article Le rôle du travail dans une entreprise d'économie sociale d'insertion This article provides the reader with the testimony of a leading in social entrepreneurship in Belgium. Social entrepreneurship, social entreprises, work integration http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_433_0081 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2004-3-page-81.htm Benoît Drèze

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_423_01092009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_423_0109 article Annexe statistique détaillée et commentée des pays candidats à l'accession à l'UE en 2004 http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_423_0109 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2003-3-page-109.htm Pierre-Henri Multon

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_441_00872009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_441_0087 article Les turbulences financières des années 2000-2003 This essay examines, first, the sources and the nature of the stock market meltdown which took place between end-2000 and the spring of 2003. It then suggests that there were three reasons why this spectacular meltdown did not turn into a general financial crisis and a deep recession: the remarkable resilience of the developed countries?banking systems to financial distress; the administration to the US economy of a simultaneous monetary and fiscal stimulus without historical precedent; and the fact that governments did not succumb to protectionist temptations. It concludes by listing some concerns about the sustainability of the current worldwide recovery: the aggravation of external and internal financial imbalances in the US economy; the major challenge facing US monetary authorities to absorb the potentially destabilizing excess liquidity which resulted from the massive monetary stimulus of 2000-2001; and, last but not least, the pervasive opacity of our globalised financial system. Stock market crisis, financial stability, systemic risks http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_441_0087 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2005-1-page-87.htm Alexandre Lamfalussy

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_422_00852009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_422_0085 article L'entreprise de qualité This article introduces the concept of « the good corporation». After definingit, it brushes over a dozen of management principles that are instrumental in thedevelopment of such corporations. These fundamental management rules cover topicssuch as business strategy, the logic of performance, economic efficiency, communica-tion, constructive questioning, innovation, compensation schemes, the granting ofliberties, decision making, corporate culture, knowledge management, and the boardof directors. Whenever possible, these principles are illustrated with real-life examplesin order to facilitate implementation. principles, strategy, performance, efficiency, communication, doubt, innovation, compensation, liberty, decision, culture, knowledge, control http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_422_0085 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2003-2-page-85.htm Christophe Diederen

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_472_00352009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_472_0035 article Les cartes de fidélité fidélisent-elles la clientèle ? Loyalty cards and loyalty programs are part of the everyday life of almost any consumer. These cards are for retailers and other companies a mean for retaining their customers. Customers are rewarded for their loyalty and are thus expected to stay with the company. However, the true meaning of ?loyalty? and the way it can be measured are still open issues. In addition, many scholars question the effectiveness of loyalty cards and programs. In a highly competitive world, where margins are constantly under pressure, the economic benefit for the company of such programs remains topical. This article provides a discussion about these issues based upon a state-of-the-art of the most recent scientific studies on the topic. loyalty card, store loyalty, retailing http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_472_0035 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2008-2-page-35.htm Nathalie Demoulin Pietro Zidda

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_433_00512009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_433_0051 article Profils et trajectoires des travailleurs dans les entreprises sociales d'insertion This article analyses the profiles and trajectories of the workers who entered a work integration social enterprise (WISE). First, we describe the objective and subjective profile (level of employability evaluated by the managers of the social enterprises) of these workers at the time of their entry in the WISE. We show that there is not a unique profile at the entry and that it is possible to group the workers into 5 different categories. Then we present the links between these groups and the different kinds of work integration enterprises from the point of view of financing. Finally, we describe the variables that influence the improvement of the abilities during the stay in the WISE, the length of this stay as well as the probability to be at work after having left the social enterprise. Work integration, social enterprise, disadvantaged workers, human capi- tal, trajectory http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_433_0051 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2004-3-page-51.htm Alexis Platteau Marthe Nyssens

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_412_01012009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_412_0101 article Les conséquences de la libéralisation des flux de capitaux sur le compte financier de la balance des paiements allemande http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_412_0101 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2002-2-page-101.htm Claude Jaeger

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_433_00872009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_433_0087 article Objectifs sociaux et impératifs de rentabilité économique dans les entreprises de travail adapté This article shows that the challenge for Belgian sheltered workshops is to keep the social goal ?providing disabled persons with adequate jobs ?and simultaneously to use economic activity as a mean to achieve that goal. Sheltered workshops, social goals, economic activity http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_433_0087 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2004-3-page-87.htm Stéphane Emmanuelidis

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_401_00512009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_401_0051 article Évaluation des différentiels salariaux en Belgique : hommes – femmes et temps partiel – temps plein http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_401_0051 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2001-1-page-51.htm Maria Jepsen

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_481_00872009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_481_0087 article Pouvoirs locaux : entre transparence et refinancement The control and the funding of cities, communes and provinces is one of the major stakes ahead of the regional election of June 2009. The following sections discuss four topics : the Communes Fund, the control regulations, the role of provinces, and the possible introduction of ESA standards on local level. The Walloon Region decree of July 15, 2008 reshapes in depth the Communes Fund for the first time since 1989. The new mechanism is more transparent and objective. It applies from 2008 on, but its effects on the financial situation of the communes will be marked mainly in the future. With the decree of November 22, 2007, and a new general regulation for communal accountancy the current Walloon government and parliament have also taken new measures to improve the respect of legal budgetary procedures by the local authorities. However, another, perhaps more efficient approach could be the creation of an external control body with broad powers of investigation, on the model of the federal Court of Auditors. As far as provinces are concerned, the main debate is not so much about the way they are funded but more fundamentally about their very role. The creation of Regions and Communities and the merger of communes have reduced the need for another intermediate political authority. Therefore the transfer of competences from the provinces to the Regions or Communities is sometimes seen as a rather simple way to reduce the overall government expenses. However, the economic composition of provincial budgets, in which wages and debt amount to more than two thirds of the total, strongly reduces the amount that could be saved. Nevertheless, the forthcoming legislature could be used by the provinces to analyze the fields in which their presence can foster a more efficient provision of public goods. Communes, cities and provinces belong to the sector of public administrations, known under ESA terminology as « Sector 13 ». Their budgets are therefore included in the computation of public deficit and debt used for the European Excessive Deficit Procedure. However, their current accountacy system is not shaped in accordance with ESA standards. Their budgetary realisations are translated into ESA terms by the Institute for National Accounts. The forthcoming legislature could be used to adapt the current system to ESA requirements. JEL Codes ? H1, H4, H7. fiscal federalism, fiscal policy, local public economy http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_481_0087 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2009-1-page-87.htm Aurélien Accaputo Laurent Bosquillon Giuseppe Pagano

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_431_00252009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_431_0025 article Subsidies in the context of the World Trade Organization During the Uruguay Round (UR), regulations concerning subsidies were substantially modified. In the WTO three types of subsidies are distinguished: prohibited, actionable and non-actionable. The export subsidies are prohibited, while production subsidies are actionable, if they cause an injury to the domestic industry. The remaining subsidies are considered to be non-actionable. This categorization reflects standard theory: distortion in international trade caused by an export subsidy is stronger than that caused by a production one. The number of notifications of countervailing (CVD) duties is quite small, in comparison with A-D actions, and is decreasing after 1999. The countries most frequently targeted by CVD actions were: India, Republic of Korea, Italy, EC (as a whole) and Canada. The export subsidies in agricultural sector are permitted within the commitments undertaken during the UR. The total financial support provided to agriculture by OECD countries remains high. The liberalization proposals presented during preparations to a new WTO round differ significantly. Under so called « compromise » scenario, the liberalization of agricultural trade and reduction of subsidies may increase world welfare by US$ 13 billion. In the EU an increase in the consumer surplus might be accompanied with a significant reduction in producer surplus. Commercial policy, trade negotiations, WTO, subsidies, countervailing duties http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_431_0025 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2004-1-page-25.htm Jan Jakub MICHALEK

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_412_00052009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_412_0005 article De Seattle à Doha http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_412_0005 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2002-2-page-5.htm André Sapir

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_414_00652009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_414_0065 article Adolescents, et déjà si inégaux http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_414_0065 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2002-4-page-65.htm Frantz Adam Fréderic Gaspart Louis Gevers Bertrand Verheyden

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_462_01172009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_462_0117 article Les gains de la flexibilité d'emploi pour les entreprises : le travail à temps partiel et de courte durée : J24, J63, D21. jobs spell durations, part-time jobs, production function http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_462_0117 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2007-2-page-117.htm Sébastien Roux

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_424_00232009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_424_0023 article La décentralisation des relations collectives de travail This text constitutes an attempt to explain the complexity of the question of the decentralization of the industrial relations. At the beginning of the years 70 the branch became the prevalent level in most countries of the European Union, with the noticeble exception of the United Kingdom. Nevertheless, a certain diversity of the sectorial systems of collective relations of work constitutes a first illustration of the question. Moreover, during the recent time, the wages?increase is subjected to a national standard like with an European coordination. In addition, the multidimensionnality is observed in the choice of the topics negotiated between the interlocutors. This evolution seems to support the widening of the gap between the standards determined at the central level and the evolution of the effective terms of employment on the level of the companies. decentralization, industrial relations, sectorial level, social agreements, collective bargaining http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_424_0023 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2003-4-page-23.htm Jean Verly

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_461_00452009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_461_0045 article Fédéralisme, transferts interrégionaux et croissance régionale http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_461_0045 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2007-1-page-45.htm Henri Capron

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_441_00612009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_441_0061 article Nouvelles normes sociales et politiques économiques en Europe The article starts with a discussion about the transfer of power from democratic institutions to technocratic institutions. It goes on with the hypothesis of a trade-off between efficient economic policies and social justice, the former ones being possible only in an environment that tolerates more inequalities. It concludes with the implications of such a trade-off on European institutions. Technocratic institutions, economic policy, social justice, European institutions http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_441_0061 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2005-1-page-61.htm Jean-Paul Fitoussi

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_461_00132009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_461_0013 article Les positions politiques des partis belges http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_461_0013 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2007-1-page-13.htm Micael Castanheira Abdul Noury

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_481_01052009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_481_0105 article Selon quels critères (dé)centraliser les interventions publiques sur le marché du travail ? Belgium is a multi-level government country. The regional performances of the labour market are quite different, yet some basic problems are common. This article raises the question : According to which principles should public interventions on the labour market be centralized or decentralized? This article applies these principles to examples and in particular to policies devoted to the monitoring and the sanctioning of the unemployed. Codes JEL ? H11, H77, J08 decentralization, labour market policies, monitoring and sanctions http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_481_0105 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2009-1-page-105.htm Bruno Van der Linden

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_422_00572009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_422_0057 article Les institutions financières internationales vues du Sud The paper discusses the assistance of the International Monetary Fund(IMF)) and the World Bank (WB) to low-income countries as viewed by the recipients.The paper recognizes the critical role of the IMF as crisis manager and of the WB as amean to channel resources from rich countries to low income countries that do nothave access to private capital markets. Particular attention is paid to the issues of theconditionality attached to their loans and to ownership by the assisted countries. Thepaper is however critical of the intrusiveness of structural conditionality, particularlywhen the reforms have led to premature privatisations and financial opening. It is alsoargued that the traditional conditionality of the IMF based on the monetary approach tothe balance of payments needs an overhaul in a world of large capital movements.Similarly, the fiscal austerity component that appears in most IMF programs needs abroader vision and a more careful application. Ownership is found limited by culturaland political factors in the countries assisted, to which, it is argued, little attention ispaid by the IFIs. While the discussion bears more on the poorest countries, referencesare also made, given the wild swings in capital movements that affect the countries ofemergent economies, to the problems of surveillance. The current streamlining ofconditionality and more ownership of the programs by the low income countries aresteps in the right direction, but they need to be more daring. For the middle incomecountry the role of IMF as crisis manager is underlined. conditionality, ownership, low income, capital movements http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_422_0057 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2003-2-page-57.htm Juan Antonio MORALES

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_441_00672009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_441_0067 article Instabilités économiques et ajustements conjoncturels Stability has become the main stumbling-block of economic policy, because it is crucial for private investment: firm's micro efficiency is a clue towards macroeconomic growth, hence wellbeing. This view rests on a representative-agent approach, that macroeconomists know to be spurious. Resource allocation, including, at least, some aspects of social distribution, are also relevant. Policy is involved, hence politics: individual choices are not the only ones to meet. Instability is partly due to political shocks. Ill-balanced policies, even aiming at some form of stability, like the EU fiscal norms, can prove globally destabilizing. Hence a policy coordination problem, involving collective choices – priorities, instruments – hence politics. Collective will legitimately exists in democracies, and it can well prefer some (e.g., financial) instability to a socially all-too-expensive stability. When perverse (incl. social) consequences must be feared, it is the economists' task to explain it but, once informed, it's up political decision-takers, not economists, to make their choice. We enriched macroeconomic analysis with microeconomic and political rationality. Once admitted that policy necessarily (and legitimately) goes along with politics, we should further enrich economic policy-making to relevant sociological, legal or ethical approaches: what Léon Dupriez labeled the “wide course” of political economy, forsaking the implicit ceteris paribus clause of economic self-sufficiency. Instability, cycles http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_441_0067 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2005-1-page-67.htm Paul Löwenthal

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_453_00812009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_453_0081 article Réformer la fiscalité française pour faire face à la concurrence fiscale There is increasing evidence that tax competition amongst EU member states has been mounting over the past two decades, and has become fiercer since the latest enlargement in 2004. The completion of monetary union is also likely to aggravate this tendency, by making other instruments of non-cooperative strategies, in particular currency devaluations, unavailable. France is particularly exposed to tax competition, because of its high overall tax pressure and the concentration of tax burden on the more mobile taxpayers (high-income earners, wealth holders and firms). This paper describes a tax reform proposal that has been designed with the objective of responding to tax competition. It is meant to preserve total tax revenues and leaving the after-tax income distribution unchanged compared to current one. It simplifies direct taxation by abolishing the personal wealth tax, merging personal income tax with the general social contribution into a three-bracket general income tax, and alleviating corporate income taxation. JEL codes: H20, H73, H87. international tax competition, tax reform http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_453_0081 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2006-3-page-81.htm Jacques Le Cacheux

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_411_01312009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_411_0131 article La Pologne, un pays en route vers l'UEM http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_411_0131 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2002-1-page-131.htm Maria Dunin-wasowicz

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_423_00352009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_423_0035 article L'élargissement de l'Union européenne à la suite du Conseil européen de Copenhague dedécembre 2002 The Copenhagen Council, in December 2002, opened the way to the fifth enlargement of Europe to 10 countries of which eight from Central and Eastern Europe. After the ratification of the adhesion Treaty in Athens in March 2003, and the ratification process, the Ten will become Members of the EU on 1 May, 2004. The first part of this article takes into consideration the important decisions in terms of financing made in order to carry out this enlargement and facilitate the convergence process. It also summarises the more political aspects and the administrative consequences linked to this exercise. The second part focuses on three main themes directly related to the enlargement policy: the common agricultural policy, structural funds and the competition policy. In conclusion are given some reflections upon the reasonable feasibility of the ongoing enlargement and the expected positive impact on both the « new» and the « old» members of the EU. enlargement, Copenhagen, financial envelope, structural funds, common agricultural policy, competition, Turkey, economic impact http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_423_0035 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2003-3-page-35.htm Maurice Guyader

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_444_00532009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_444_0053 article International and Pan-European News Channels: An overview The European television industry has evolved in a dramatic way since the beginning of the 90?. The number of channels has been multiplied by 12, the share of the public television decreased to around 30 %, and the number of thematic channels is in thousands. In this general landscape, generalist TV channels (public or private), that still hold the bulk of the audience are nevertheless losing ground. In the same time the trust of their viewers in the quality of the information transmitted in the news and political magazines is strongly decreasing. This global situation opened a window of opportunity for the development of news and political thematic channels, specifically those with a pan-European approach (PETV), like Euronews, CNN, BBC world, Bloomberg, etc., as well as to national channels with an international approach like TV5, Deutsche Welle...). This paper analyse this evolution as well as the prospective for the development of such channels in the framework of the general European Television stations landscape. television channels, Pan-European Television (PETV), television audiences, digital television http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_444_0053 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2005-4-page-53.htm Thierry Vissol

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_454_00832009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_454_0083 article Évolution du marché de la musique préenregistrée à l'ère numérique The article examines to which extent downloading on peer-to-peer (P2P) networks is responsible for the crisis in the music industry. Using the most recent empirical studies, the goal is to estimate the relevance of the two contrasting explanations usually put forward. On the one hand, it is claimed that P2P networks induce piracy and, thereby, reduce the consumption of legal music. On the other hand, it is also argued that P2P networks allow their users to sample a larger and new musical supply, which tends to increase the demand for legal music. JEL code ? L51, L63, L86, L88, 034 http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_454_0083 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2006-4-page-83.htm Patrick Waelbroeck

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_422_00092009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_422_0009 article Croissance et réduction de la pauvreté dans les pays en développement et les pays en transition Title ?Growth and Poverty Reduction in Developing and Transition CountriesAbstract ?The aim of the paper is to evaluate economic growth rates required indifferentes regions of the world to reach the millenium development goal of halvingglobal poverty rate by 2015. Current situation of poverty is briefly presented in the firstpart of the paper. The second part investigates the link amongst economic growth,inequality, and poverty reduction. Studying 99 episodes of growth or economic recession,we show that the greater the initial inequality the lower the elasticity of poverty to growth,and the higher the initial economic development the higher the elasticity. Based onthese results, we evaluate that the per capita growth rate required to reach the milleniumdevelopment goal in African, Asian and Latin American countries is around 50 %, muchlower for Eastern European countries and the Middle East. Poverty, Growth, Inequality http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_422_0009 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2003-2-page-9.htm Anne Epaulard

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_472_00432009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_472_0043 article Le comportement multicanal du consommateur est-il une simple évolution ou constitue-t-il une véritable révolution ? This paper sums up the appearance of the internet and especially the multi-channel offer on consumer behaviour in Belgium and France. Does the multi-channel offer condition the new behaviour of the buyer or is the multi-channel offer the result of a consumer behaviour modification ? A study realised in French speaking context brings to the fore the importance of including the aims of the consumer and the characteristics of the product. In the end, a thought is initiated on the revolutionary level of this new consumer behaviour. Internet, Multi-channel, E-commerce http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_472_0043 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2008-2-page-43.htm Ingrid Poncin

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_462_00892009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_462_0089 article Innovations organisationnelles, entrée dans l'emploi et carrières salariales J31, O33, C81. matched employer/employee data, wages, organisational change, adoption of ICT http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_462_0089 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2007-2-page-89.htm Marc-Arthur Diaye Nathalie Greenan Stéphane Robin

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_462_01772009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_462_0177 article Les déterminants de la structure financière des entreprises belges. Étude exploratoire basée sur la confrontation entre la théorie des préférences de financement hiérarchisées et la détermination d'un ratio optimal d'endettement : G32. capital structure, pecking order theory, tradeoff theory http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_462_0177 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2007-2-page-177.htm Olivier Colot Mélanie Croquet

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_413_00872009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_413_0087 article Gestion des fins de carrière et exclusion sociale http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_413_0087 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2002-3-page-87.htm Nathalie Burnay

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_421_00312009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_421_0031 article Équité en soins de santé No society can ignore inequality in gaining access health care services. The setting up of a generalized safety net against adverse effects of sickness on household, as achieved with the « Maximum yearly health bill» (« Maximum à facturer»), appears to be a key priority. The Belgian health care system is characterized by its openness and the degree of freedom. Therefore the responsibility of both individuals and providers is crucial. Only the certainty that money spent by the collectivity is adequately allocated can guarantee the public support for the public sector financing. The challenge is to match the most cost efficient treatments with the increasing requirements from the citizen about quality. The quality control, without jeopardizing the providers? autonomy, has to go along with a brake on the growing consumerism. Equity, equality, accessibility, maximum bill, health care system, health care providers, excessive consumption, public finance, reform http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_421_0031 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2003-1-page-31.htm Frank Vandenbroucke

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_412_00532009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_412_0053 article Pourquoi s'opposer à la globalisation ? http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_412_0053 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2002-2-page-53.htm Raoul Marc JENNAR

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_462_00332009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_462_0033 article The Effect of Trade Unions on Wages J51. union wage premium, union membership, union coverage http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_462_0033 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2007-2-page-33.htm Alex Bryson

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_414_00872009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_414_0087 article Can regional patterns of mortality in Belgium be explained by individual socio-economic characteristics ? http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_414_0087 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2002-4-page-87.htm Patrick Deboosere Sylvie Gadeyne

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_414_00392009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_414_0039 article L'importance de la formalisation mathématique dans les premiers cours d'économie http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_414_0039 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2002-4-page-39.htm Francis Bloch

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_472_00852009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_472_0085 article Les paradoxes du consommateur postmoderne This paper takes place within the societal shift from modernism to postmodernism and presents major consumption trends of the last two decennia. Those trends lead to a series of paradoxes that are interpreted in the light of postmodernist theories. The paper shows how consumption phenomena develop around those paradoxes and how marketing and firms benefit from them by offering a broad range of products and activities to contemporary consumers. consumer behaviour, Postmodernism, hyperreality, eclecticism http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_472_0085 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2008-2-page-85.htm Alain Decrop

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_464_00632009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_464_0063 article Le pic pétrolier : un regard d'économiste E6 ; F4 ; Q4 oil peak, natural resources, energy economics, economic growth http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_464_0063 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2007-4-page-63.htm Thierry Bréchet Patrick Van Brusselen

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_442_00372009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_442_0037 article Can a More Nuanced View of Skill Biased Technological Change Explain the Recent Changes in Wage Inequality ? A secular increase in the demand for high-wage workers driven by skill-biased technological change (SBTC) has difficulties in explaining what happened to US and UK wage inequality in the 1990?. In particular, SBTC predicts a continuing increase in the relative wage and employment of high wage workers and therefore cannot explain the deceleration of growth in lower tail inequality since the late 1980?. But this paper suggests that a more nuanced view of SBTC recently proposed by Autor, Levy and Murnane (2003) (ALM) goes some distance towards explaining the absence of further growth in lower tail inequality together with further growth in upper tail inequality in the 1990?. Labour Demand and Technology, Inequality, J210 http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_442_0037 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2005-2-page-37.htm Maarten Goos Alan Manning

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_412_00712009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_412_0071 article Quel rôle pour l'OMC après Doha ? http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_412_0071 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2002-2-page-71.htm Patrick A. Messerlin

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_462_00072009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_462_0007 article Introduction. Pratiques dans les entreprises et marché du travail http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_462_0007 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2007-2-page-7.htm Benoît Mahy Robert Plasman François Rycx

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_441_00732009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_441_0073 article À propos du rôle international de l'euro The purpose of this article is to assess and explain the international role of the euro. Since 1999, the euro has become the second international reserve currency (well behind the dollar), but its record varies according to the function which is fulfilled. The article focuses on currency competition in light of the market shares of the major currencies and their dynamic path. It also relates currency competition to the competition among the major financial markets and centers. Aggregation effect, currency competition, currency concentration, diversification, domestic bias, foreign exchange reserves, inertia effect, trade invoicing http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_441_0073 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2005-1-page-73.htm Christian de Boissieu

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_411_00352009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_411_0035 article Sustainable Production : Challenges and objectives for EU Research Policy http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_411_0035 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2002-1-page-35.htm Nigel Roome Ioannis Anastasiou

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_401_01332009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_401_0133 article Changements de composition de la force de travail et dualisme http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_401_0133 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2001-1-page-133.htm Étienne Wasmer

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_424_01012009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_424_0101 article L’évolution de la gestion paritaire de la sécurité sociale en Belgique The article exposes and analyses the evolution of the co-management of the social security system by employers and workers representatives in Belgium since they opted for a bismarckian model in 1944 until today. It gives an overview of the arguments of the debates that took place and explicative hypotheses. A vast management autonomy has been recognised to the social security bodies. But in the eighties, the Government did not restrain itself any longer to a mere control function and started taking decisions regarding the financial management. Thus, despite an evident continuity of the model, the evolution of the last twenty years is characterized by an increasing state intervention which leads to structural reforms officializing a kind of triparty global management and quadriparty management in public health insurance. Financing predominantly through social contributions was gradually reduced due to the diminishing of employer? contributions. social security, co-management, tripartism, global management of the social security, public health insurance http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_424_0101 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2003-4-page-101.htm Pierre Reman Patrick Feltesse

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_481_01512009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_481_0151 article La politique d'innovation dans une économie de la connaissance Innovation is more and more a condition to long run economic growth. As innovation is a complex process based on multilateral exchanges between actors, efficient public intervention can improve this process. The objective of this paper is to present the current state of Belgian regional innovation systems in order to underline the main performances and the main weaknesses, challenges for governments. JEL codes ? O11, O31, O32, O38 innovation system, R&D, knowledge economy, regional development http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_481_0151 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2009-1-page-151.htm Chantal Kegels

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_451_702009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_451_70 article L'émergence de l'économie entrepreneuriale This article explains how entrepreneurship has emerged as an engine of growth, employment generation and competitiveness in global markets and why the economic role of entrepreneurship has changed so dramatically in the past half century. The changing role of entrepreneurship reflects three views of the economy, which correspond to three historical periods, and which can roughly be called the Capital Economy (Solow), which corresponds very roughly to the early post-war era, the Knowledge Economy (Romer), which roughly corresponds to the later post-war era (the 1980s), and the Entrepreneurial Economy, which may have its roots in the mid-1970s, but really took off in the 1990s. entrepreneurship, growth, competitiveness, globalization http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_451_70 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2006-1-page-43.htm David Audretsch

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_421_00952009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_421_0095 article Regional Labor Market Disparities in Belgium Regional labor market discrepancies have been widening in Belgium in the last two decades and are more evident within particular demographic groups. These developments can largely be accounted for by worse matching of people to jobs in the high-unemployment provinces. Using a structural VAR, it is also shown that labor mar- ket dynamics in Belgium produce a strong attenuating effect on employment growth, in contrast to the United States where initial labor demand shocks are expanded in the long run. After the short-run adjustment is over, there is less labor migration in Belgium than in the United States or Europe, corroborating the perception that Belgians move « too little. » geography, labor, dynamics, divergences http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_421_0095 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2003-1-page-95.htm Marcello Estevào

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_452_662009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_452_66 article Au-delà de Bologne, la question du « comment » financer l'enseignement supérieur européen persiste The implementation of the Bologna reform, synonymous with degrees and programs harmonization, is now well advanced in most EU countries. However, beyond Bologna, numerous problems continue to haunt higher education. How to share the cost of higher education is one of them. In most European countries, public financing is dominant and is still perceived by many observers as the most legitimate model despite the fact that access remains largely inequitable, and in spite of the model?s growing inability to provide the financial resources needed to preserve quality and maintain Europe?s position in the world league. In this paper, we review the arguments traditionally set forth by economic theory to justify public funding. We try to assess their relevance given the early 21st century context characterizing French-Speaking Belgium and the EU. higher education finance, credit rationing, externalities, equity, student mobility http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_452_66 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2006-2-page-59.htm Vincent Vandenberghe

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_434_00892009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_434_0089 article Analyzing work departure time variability in Brussels ?This study explores the dynamics of departure time for the afternoon commute, which has received little attention both in theoretical and empirical work. Reported monthly and weekly departure time data, obtained from a survey of Brussels commuters, are used to study the impact of socio-economic, transportation and workrelated variables on the propensity of afternoon departure time changes. Binary and ordered probit models are used to estimate the impacts of these factors on two measures of departure time change propensity. The first one is the reported frequency of departure time changes in a month and the second measure is the time (in minutes) that a respondent left earlier or later than their normal time during the last five working days. In the first measure, the respondent selects his or her own threshold for reporting departure time change, whereas in the second measure the respondent merely provides the deviation from his or her normal departure time. The two measures together suggest three types of respondent groups: A group that perceives a wide-window (greater than or equal to 30 minutes) of regular departure times as normal, a group that perceives a narrow window of departure time as normal and change departure time occasionally and a third group that does not change their normal departure time. Statistical evidence indicates that work-related factors, particularly tolerant policy of the employer toward leaving work earlier, flextime and occupation type (scientific and executive professions) are associated with higher propensity of departure time changes. The implications of the findings are discussed. Commuter behavior, probit models, survey research, departure time choice, Brussels http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_434_0089 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2004-4-page-89.htm André De palma Cédric Fontan Asad J. Khattak

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_413_00372009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_413_0037 article Pauvreté infantile : la Belgique parmi les meilleurs élèves de la classe européenne http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_413_0037 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2002-3-page-37.htm Koen Vleminckx

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_441_00312009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_441_0031 article Les positions épistemologiques de Léon Dupriez The main aspects of the epistemological positions of Leon Dupriez can be defined by reference to three themes which represent his basic options: (1) epistemological concern, leading to the adoption of a realist position, (2) philosophical character of that position, manifesting itself in priority by the adoption of a theory of acts as philosophical basis of economics, and (3) primordial role of the concept of telos as principle of intelligibility of the economic phenomena, connected with the idea of general equilibrium. The paper discusses mainly the status and the role of the idea of finality and of the idea of equilibrium, such as they are used by Leon Dupriez, and raises the question of the legitimacy and of the explanatory value of a theory which has recourse to a causality of a finalist type. Epistemology, realism, causality, finality, equilibrium http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_441_0031 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2005-1-page-31.htm Jean Ladrière

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_424_00092009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_424_0009 article Des relations collectives teintées d'arc-en-ciel. Analyse de quelques évolutions sous la législature Verhofstadt Ier This paper aims at analyzing the policy of the « rainbow» government (1999-2003) in regulating the collective labour relations in Belgium. It examines therefore, after a brief recalling of the system of labour relations, the main topics discussed between trade unions and employers?organizations. In a second part, it presents an overview of the measures taken by Mrs.Onkelinx, Minister of Employment, on these matters, before mentioning the most important industrial disputes during the past years. As a conclusion, the article tries to evaluate the impact of the governmental intervention in the collective interprofessional agreements, analyses the views of the different actors and reminds the influence of the European Union on this collective bargaining system. labour relations, trade unions, employers, government, employment, social disputes http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_424_0009 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2003-4-page-9.htm Michel Capron Catherine Delbar

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_414_00452009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_414_0045 article Formalisation de l'enseignement de l'économie et incitations http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_414_0045 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2002-4-page-45.htm Étienne Wasmer

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_441_01192009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_441_0119 article Perspectives ouvertes sur la « voie large » de l'économie politique After some preliminary remarks by reference to economic epistemology, the paper draws a parallel between the crucial economic problems issued from the globalization on the one hand and our search of an explanatory theory in order to solve these problems on the other hand. Undoubtedly, the understanding of the phenomenon of worldwide globalization requires a very general theory. For that reason, we must move forward upon a ¿highway¿ and not a ¿by-way¿ ?the ¿wide road¿ of Dupriez ?allowing a good outlook for the future. Going to the sources of the Principles of Political Economy written by the great classics like Ricardo and Malthus, going also to the equilibrium theory of the neo-classics like Walras and reviewing with criticism the General Theory of Keynes and the monetarism, Léon-H. Dupriez built up and generalized these general theories. All that allows us to approach some key problems of the mankind as population? growth, worldwide division of labor, unfair competition, or subsistence wages. Finally, thanks to the excellent contributors of this volume, our concern is to promote somewhat a worldwide Economics of Welfare. Economic globalization, general theory in economics, division of labor, international competition, low wage problems, economics of welfare http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_441_0119 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2005-1-page-119.htm Paul Mandy

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_411_01152009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_411_0115 article Les phénomènes de globalisation http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_411_0115 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2002-1-page-115.htm Roland Gillet Yves Wagner

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_461_01292009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_461_0129 article Emploi, salaires, sécurité professionnelle : que peut-on attendre du débat politique ? http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_461_0129 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2007-1-page-129.htm Jean Pisani-Ferry

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_441_00102009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_441_0010 article L'héritage de Léon-H. Dupriez : un survol The purpose of this paper is to introduce the reader within the framework of the scientific works of Léon-H. Dupriez, leveraging on the contributions gathered in the current issue of Reflets et Perspectives. The survey looks into the different aspects of the publication. The first section is devoted to Dupriez?most characteristic contribution, i.e. a masterpiece of economic epistemology. The following sections are addressing the issues of business cycles with their instabilities, of money and finance with their financial crises, of the vision of entrepreneurship and, finally, the understanding of a sustainable economic policy.The survey also offers a summary of the papers enclosed in this publication. Léon Dupriez, economic epistemology, scientific explanation, business cycles, money and finance, entrepreneurship, economic policy http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_441_0010 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2005-1-page-11.htm Paul Mandy

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_471_00092009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_471_0009 article Les multiples objectifs de la politique de concurrence : un système de N équations à N+1 inconnues ? ? D4, D61, K23, L16, L4, L5, O38. Market structure and pricing, allocative efficiency, regulated industries, industrial organization and macroeconomics, antitrust policy, regulation and industrial policy, innovation http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_471_0009 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2008-1-page-9.htm Christian Huveneers

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_441_00572009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_441_0057 article Croissance et stabilité Léon Dupriez was sharply critical of the methodology of macroeconomics in his days. Further developments since then have been in the direction of meeting these criticisms. The new developments came from within macroeconomics, not from the critics. But the criticisms have been met only partly, and remain pertinent today. Further developments from within the discipline will hopefully lead to further progress. Macroeconomics, methodology, real business cycles, neoclassical synthesis, new Keynesian macroeconomics http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_441_0057 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2005-1-page-57.htm Jacques Drèze

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_471_00552009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_471_0055 article The Relationship between Competition Law and Sector Specific Regulation: The case of electronic communications This paper studies the convergence and the remaining divergences of European competition and sector regulation in the electronic communications sector. It shows that (1) antitrust authorities are justified to intervene more intensively in the electronic communications sector than in the other sectors of the economy; (2) the remaining divergences between antitrust and sector regulation should determine the scope of the later, hence sector regulation should be applied when there are structural (economic or legal) entry barriers or network effects; (3) contrary to the European practice, it is better to base sector regulation on an independent economic concept linked to the objectives of regulation (like the concept of ?bottleneck?); (4) National Regulatory Authorities should be cautious not to automatically extend a regulatory approach suited for infrastructures laid down under legal monopoly conditions to new Schumpeterian infrastructures. Telecommunications, competition policy, regulation, European Union http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_471_0055 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2008-1-page-55.htm Alexandre de Streel

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_412_00412009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_412_0041 article Le commerce des illusions http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_412_0041 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2002-2-page-41.htm Dani Rodrik

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_431_00392009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_431_0039 article Les aides à l'investissement : opportunes ? efficaces ? This article intends to re-examine the much-debated issue of the direct investment incentives. In the light of the recent economic literature, we discuss the following questions: what are the expected effects of the public aid as a whole? How to avoid the pitfalls that are often induced by such a public intervention? We then argue that the choice of implementing a particular incentive, either a capital subsidy or a tax cut, should not be made without considering some important determinants like the characteristics of the capital markets, the fiscal treatment of losses or the rules of inter~national taxation. The debate between neutrality and efficiency is also discussed. Finally, we highlight the usefulness of indicators derived from the models of effective taxation for the policymaking process. The last part of the paper is devoted to an application. We measure the cost of capital and the effective average tax rate to evaluate the rela~tive efficiency of rival policy instruments. We argue that the granting of a capital subsidy should certainly not be too quickly ruled out. Tax incentives, capital grants, cost of capital, average effective tax rate http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_431_0039 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2004-1-page-39.htm Olivier Meunier Michel Mignolet

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_452_572009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_452_57 article Le financement de l'enseignement supérieur et le contexte budgétaire de la Communauté française de Belgique This contribution analyses the financing of higher education within the budgetary context of the French Community of Belgium. In the first section we present the general rules of financing of the French Community, including education. We then examine the impact of the new financing system of universities decided in 2004. Next, we look at the evolution of education expenditures since 1991 per level, globally and per pupil/student, and we make some comparisons with the expenditures of the Flemish Community. Finally, we conclude by commenting a few stakes of higher education and scientific research for growth and employment. higher education, financing, French Community of Belgium, education expenditures http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_452_57 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2006-2-page-47.htm Robert Deschamps Valérie Schmitz

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_454_00232009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_454_0023 article Comment favoriser l'innovation dans le secteur pharmaceutique : brevets et/ou récompenses ? Because the patent system is nowadays under criticisms, it is legitimate to question whether patents provide the best incentive mechanism for innovation. Wouldn?t it be preferable to base incentives on a reward system? This is the question addressed in this article, first in a general perspective and then, by considering the specific case of the pharmaceutical industry. JEL code ? L51, L65, L88, 034. http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_454_0023 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2006-4-page-23.htm Paul Belleflamme Tanguy van Ypersele

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_472_00952009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_472_0095 article De l'importance des réseaux sociaux en marketing In this paper, the aim is to show that social network analysis (SNA) can bring new explanations to old marketing problems. The history of SNA is now a long one but the last results, in particular those found by physicists, are very important in many disciplines and also in marketing. For example, the presence of leaders in many real networks can be explained by those new developpements. The importance of power laws and the notion of preferential attachment are also discussed. social network analysis, power laws, marketing, small world phenomenon, preferential attachment, scale free network http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_472_0095 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2008-2-page-95.htm Sylvie Chabi

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_443_00292009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_443_0029 article L'importance et l'étendue des barrières légales et administratives dans le cadre de la directive « Bolkestein » : une analyse comparative entre la Belgique et ses principaux partenaires commerciaux F13, K23, L51 Entry barriers, deregulation, services, Bolkestein directive http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_443_0029 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2005-3-page-29.htm Michele Cincera

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_461_00952009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_461_0095 article L'immigration qualifiée, remède miracle aux problèmes économiques européens ? http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_461_0095 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2007-1-page-95.htm Frédéric Docquier Hillel Rapoport

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_462_01412009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_462_0141 article Pour une utilisation des études de cas dans la compréhension des pratiques de gestion des ressources humaines dans les entreprises : M10, M12. personnel management, qualitative methodology, case study, work organisation http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_462_0141 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2007-2-page-141.htm Claire Dupont Gérard Warnotte

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_431_00872009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_431_0087 article Les dépenses fiscales Tax expenditures are one of the instruments a government can use to implement specific tax policies. In many cases, subsidies and tax expenditures are close substitutes. However, tax expenditures are less transparent since they are not subject to the same level of scrutiny as subsidies are. The paper first presents the basic issues of tax expenditures: definition, discussion of the « benchmark tax system » from which tax expenditures derogates, reporting practice and recent figures and trends. We then turn to the economic analysis of tax expenditures. While there is a clear case for tax expenditures in the case of externalities and market imperfections, the pro and cons of departing neutrality should be clearly assessed when tax expenditures are used in other circumstances. The paper also documents the effects of tax expenditures on the distribution of the tax burden. Empirical evidence shows that the take-up of tax expenditures by households concentrates on the right-hand side of income distribution and lowers the progressivity of income tax. The final section discusses the economic implications of some tax expenditures: tax credits favouring long-term savings, exempted savings accounts and preferential tax regime for corporate income tax. Tax expenditures, tax policy http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_431_0087 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2004-1-page-87.htm Christian Valenduc

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_454_00112009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_454_0011 article La réforme du système de brevet européen : pourquoi et comment ? The reform of Patent Law in Europe is an old project. It started with the creation of the European Patent in 1973, but it has now been put to a halt because European States do not manage to implement new reforms. The goal of this article is to present the economic issues underlying these reforms and the problems that their implementation could raise. To this end, the article analyses the current system as well as the main projects that have been put forward so far. JEL code ? K20, L51, L88, 034. http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_454_0011 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2006-4-page-11.htm François Lévêque Yann Ménière

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_414_00332009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_414_0033 article Nécessité et dangers de la formalisation en économie http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_414_0033 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2002-4-page-33.htm François Maniquet

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_441_00932009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_441_0093 article L'entrepreneur Entrepreneurship has been described by Schumpeter as an individual innovator gifted with vision, capacity to take risk and power to convince others to contribute. The School of Louvain has shown that entrepreneurship could also be a collective endeavor and take place in large companies. Today collective entrepreneurs have considerably increased their power. They use new weapons: science and technology. They occupy new spaces: globalization. They are more autonomous in a global world with insufficient political and ethical norms. In some aspects the system they drive is becoming unsustainable: pollution, inequalities, market invasion of non commercial fields, etc... Therefore should Prometheus be bound? New forms of global governance are required and collective entrepreneurs should become more socially responsible. They should change their corporate culture: they have to innovate in enlarging their raison d?ªtre (purpose), in participating to new societal debate, in adopting a new ethical approach: what kind of world do we want to build together? Corporate culture, development, entrepreneurship, ethics, governance, globalization, responsibility http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_441_0093 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2005-1-page-93.htm Philippe de Woot

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_453_00392009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_453_0039 article The Box system in the Netherlands: an alternative? The Dutch tax reform of January 1, 2001 replaced the progressive personal income tax on dividend, interest and rental payments by a presumptive capital income tax on the value of the assets net of liabilities. The tax code assumes that personally held assets earn a return of 4%, which is taxed at a proportional tax rate of 30%. Actual capital income is no longer relevant under the presumptive capital income tax. This paper discusses and analyses the Dutch capital income tax system after the tax reform of January 1, 2001. Further tax reform policies that might resolve the remaining capital income tax distortions (the Allowance for Corporate Equity (ACE) and the Allowance for Shareholder Equity (ASE) tax system) are also discussed. JEL codes: H2, H3. capital income taxation, tax policy, fundamental tax reform http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_453_0039 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2006-3-page-39.htm Bert Brys

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_451_812009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_451_81 article Négociations interprofessionnelles et compétitivité structurelle The article brings to mind, in reference to Belgium, the debates between social interlocutors around the theme of structural competitiveness as well as the way in which they integrated this theme in the social compromises and that, since the end of the Second World War. It is divided into three parts. The first describes the first social compromise which was built around the Joint Declaration on Productivity. The second is interested in the period spreading out of 1970 to 1996 during which the social compromise has been dislocated. And the last part starts in 1996, with the law relating to the promotion of employment and the preventive safeguard of competitiveness. It recalls the attempts at rebuilding of a social compromise within a new socio-economic framework. This last one is marked by the challenges of globalisation, ageing of the population, social cohesion and the environmental protection. interprofessional negotiations, structural competitiveness, Belgium http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_451_81 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2006-1-page-71.htm Luc Denayer

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_452_222009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_452_22 article Les défis du processus de Bologne en Communauté française Four words summarize the Bologna process: credits, diplomas, quality and mobility. They revolutionize Europe?s higher education, hitherto rooted in a very long tradition and a strong diversity. The text exposes the considerable challenges faced by Europe?s higher education and identifies which could be the specific benefits induced by the Bologna momentum. At the EU level, Bologne could boost Europe?s potential of innovation and creativity within a more challenging and globalized world. Bologna could also entice each institution to become more effective as a result of more systematic formal external evaluation, but also more informal pressure by more mobile students, researchers and professors. The paper also enumerates the main forces and weaknesses of Belgium?s French-Speaking universities. Research and teaching quality attested by good rankings in international surveys, the recent renewal of the teaching staff, the tradition of openness towards the rest of world form its key assets. The weak points are the small size of the territory, the relative decline of French as an international language, a certain resistance to change, and, last but not least, the lack of financial resources. Bologna, higher education in Europe, French-speaking Belgium http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_452_22 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2006-2-page-15.htm Marcel Crochet

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_473_00412009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_473_0041 article Migration and Educational Policies ? F22, F24, H52, J24, J61. migration, remittances, public spending on education, free riding, credit constraints http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_473_0041 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2008-3-page-41.htm Biagio Speciale

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_411_00512009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_411_0051 article Les placements responsables : oxymore ou réelles valeurs ajoutées ? http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_411_0051 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2002-1-page-51.htm Pascale D. Morand

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_453_00632009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_453_0063 article Une flat tax en Belgique ? Quelques éclairages sur les principes et les conséquences d'une telle réforme In this paper we analyse what should be the effects of the introduction of a flat rate tax in Belgium. According to the principles of a flat rate tax system, allowances, credits and exemptions that are considered as tax expenditures are repealed and the progressive tax schedule is replaced by a single marginal tax rate that applies above a zero-rate bracket. There is no deduction for savings and tax credits for children stay in place. The reform is budgetary neutral. We first run a micro-simulation model for personal income taxation. This means that the final withholding tax on income from savings and the corporate income tax rate remain unchanged. The results indicate strong adverse effects on income distribution. In a second stage, we use out-of-model statistical information to simulate the effects of a full flat rate system in which the top marginal PIT rate, the final withholding tax on interests and the CIT rate are equalised. Base broadening also applies to the taxation of savings and to corporate income tax. The strong adverse effect on income distribution remains but in addition to this, the tax burden is shifted from income subject to PIT to income from savings. On the efficiency side, high-income earners enjoy the largest cuts while the drop in average income tax rates for low-income earners may result in a positive participation effect. Taxation of savings is more neutral under the contemplated tax reform. JEL codes: H20, H21, H23, H24, H25. http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_453_0063 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2006-3-page-63.htm Christian Valenduc

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_423_00232009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_423_0023 article Les défis de l'accession à l'Union européenne pour l'Europe post-communiste " The imminent enlargement of the EU to as many as twenty-seven member states in the near future will pose severe budgetary, administrative, and operational challenges for the current member states. However, the challenges of enlargement, as great as they are, pale in comparison with the challenges of accession that will be faced by the new member states, especially those which until a decade ago were governed by Communist parties that presided over centrally-planned and predominantly collectivized economies. This paper explores five of the most critical challenges that will face the new member states of post-Communist Europe: 1) administering the acquis; 2) deepening and extending the reform and transformation of the economy; 3) reducing the high levels of unemployment and large government, trade, and current account deficits; 4) financing accession in the face of the EU? budgetary constraints and financial provisions; and 5) coping with all of those challenges in the face of low levels of support for enlargement in a number of the current member states and high levels of ambivalence about membership in most of the candidate countries. " enlargement, Acquis, economic reform, unemployment, budgetary posi- tion, public opinion http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_423_0023 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2003-3-page-23.htm David R. Cameron

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_474_00652009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_474_0065 article La trajectoire organisationnelle des centres d'appels call centers, relocation, outsourcing, coordination costs http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_474_0065 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2008-4-page-65.htm Olivier Bouba-Olga Émilie Bourdu Marie Ferru

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_421_00592009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_421_0059 article Le numerus clausus en médecine : pourquoi et comment ? The authors discuss the reasons for which some limitation has recently been introduced in Belgium on the number of physicians allowed to start practice every year. They explain how this number is fixed and analyze the pros and cons of different procedures for selecting physicians. They argue that this limitation is only one among a number of measures aimed at reforming the health care system in Belgium. equity, doctors, numerus clausus, quotas, heath care http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_421_0059 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2003-1-page-59.htm Maurice Marchand Pierre Pestieau

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_452_812009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_452_81 article Une réforme du financement des universités européennes passe par des prêts aux étudiants In many respects, the performances of European universities are poor, as compared to North-American universities. A major reason for their problems is the lack of funding. Substantial increases in tuition and fees do not seem to be politically feasible because so many students are financially constrained: the major problem of European universities is the under-development of student loans. We compare various student-loan systems and focus on loans with income-contingent reimbursement. We suggest that State intervention is needed to overcome a number of difficulties in the development of this form of finance. public finance, higher education, student loans, income-contingent reimbursement http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_452_81 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2006-2-page-75.htm Robert Gary-Bobo Alain Trannoy

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_481_01872009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_481_0187 article L'accès aux ressources énergétiques sous l'angle du développement durable Access to energy services is a right everyone should be entitled to. The energy sector has attracted particular attention from an economical and financial point of view (e.g. liberalization of the markets), from an environmental point of view (e.g. European energy-climate policy), but relatively little from a social point of view. This social component, which represents the third pillar of sustainable development, has to be fully integrated into energy policy, especially given the increase in prices and the complexity of the sector, both of them often causing the exclusion from energy services. The article starts with a brief description of the present and future Belgian institutional framework, and is followed by highlighting some possible solutions which should improve the access to energy services for vulnerable households. These possible solutions have deliberately not been classified by level of public authority. Indeed, energy policy should be the object of a coherent approach and of a real coordination between the different levels of public authorities. The most ideal institutional framework would be a real European energy policy provided that it would cover the three pillars of sustainable development. JEL Codes ? H53, I38, Q48. access to energy, right to energy, vulnerable households http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_481_0187 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2009-1-page-187.htm Anne Panneels

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_434_00132009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_434_0013 article Perspectives d'évolution à long terme du transport en Belgique et conséquences sur la consommation d'énergie et les émissions de CO2 ?Transport is the activity that has experienced the most dramatic increase in energy consumption and CO<indice>2</indice> emissions during the last ten years and this trend is likely to continue in a « business as usual» context over the next thirty years. This last result is one of the main outcomes of a recent study of the Federal Planning Bureau, « Belgian energy outlook to 2030 » describing and analysing long-term energy scenarios. Given this reference trend, an alternative scenario has been evaluated that simulates the impact of modal shift to the detriment of road transport and of higher loading factors of vehicles, from the viewpoint of both energy consumption and environmental implications. The main results of this evaluation at the horizon 2030 are presented in this paper. Transport activity, long term perspectives, energy consumption, CO2 emissions, modal shift http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_434_0013 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2004-4-page-13.htm Dominique Gusbin Bruno Hoornaert

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_473_01012009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_473_0101 article Quelle est l'influence des négociations d'entreprise sur la structure des salaires ? ? J31, J51. collective bargaining, decentralisation, wage structure, Europe http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_473_0101 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2008-3-page-101.htm Michael Rusinek François Rycx

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_413_00612009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_413_0061 article Le piège au chômage : quelles reformes sociales pour augmenter l'offre de travail ? http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_413_0061 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2002-3-page-61.htm Lieve De lathouwer

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_464_00492009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_464_0049 article Les barrières à l'efficacité énergétique D2 ; D8 ; Q4 energy efficiency, efficiency gap, market failures, economic barriers, bounded rationality, externalities, social optimum http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_464_0049 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2007-4-page-49.htm Paul-marie Boulanger

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_422_00452009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_422_0045 article Budgets That Are More Pro-Poor and Pro-Growth The paper addresses one of the key features and expectations of thePRGF: are budgets more pro-poor and pro-growth? Relying on abundant data gatheredfrom numerous countries, the authors show that indeed the composition of bothbudgeted and actual public spending is shifting towards poverty-reducing activities incountries with a PRGF program. In particular, the paper shows that countries areallocating more to education and health care in their budget and that actual outlays inthese sectors have also increased. The paper also makes the case for increased flexibilityin accommodating higher spending when unexpected foreign aid becomes available. poverty, growth, PRGF, programs, Foreign aid http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_422_0045 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2003-2-page-45.htm Sanjeev Gupta Mark Plant Benedict Clements Thomas Dorsey Emanuele Baldacci Gabriela INCHAUSTE Shamsuddin TAREQ Nita THACKER

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_452_382009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_452_38 article Université et concurrence : quelques apports théoriques récents This contribution discusses some recent theoretical contributions dealing with competition in markets for higher education. In a market for students subject to network effects, we discuss the various forms of inefficiencies which might result from competition between universities. It is shown that the bulk of these inefficiencies might be reduced through some simple ex ante coordination devices controlled by the public authority. In a university where departments compete among themselves for the allocation of the university budget, it is shown how the organization of this competition by the central authority might be instrumental in enforcing incentive schemes which enhance teaching quality and research effort. university, competition, regulation, multitasking http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_452_38 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2006-2-page-31.htm Xavier Wauthy

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_461_01732009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_461_0173 article La politique fiscale sous contraintes http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_461_0173 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2007-1-page-173.htm Marcel Gérard Christian Valenduc

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_461_00652009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_461_0065 article Le fédéralisme, la démocratie et la Belgique http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_461_0065 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2007-1-page-65.htm Henry Tulkens

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_473_00792009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_473_0079 article Réglementation prudentielle des banques et notations bancaires non sollicitées ? G15, G21, G28. http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_473_0079 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2008-3-page-79.htm Patrick Van Roy

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_431_00692009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_431_0069 article Les politiques de science et technologie et l'objectif de Lisbonne " This paper investigates whether the Lisbon objective regarding the level of the European R&D intensity can be fulfi" Science and technology policies, D intensity, subsidies, D tax credits, public research http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_431_0069 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2004-1-page-69.htm Bruno Van Pottelsberghe De La Potterie

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_473_00672009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_473_0067 article Five essays on performance and structural rigidities in European labour markets This PhD thesis ? made up of five empirical essays ? looks into the role of structural rigidities in recent labour market performance in Europe from complementary angles and yields several results. First, the effect of institutions is complex owing to numerous interactions and their endogenous nature. Second, the level of labour utilisation in the EU15 is clearly lower than in the US, explaining two thirds of the EU15 gap in GDP per capita vis-à-vis the US. Labour underutilisation particularly affects the euro area but not the new member states. Third, robust evidence exists of a structural break in the employment behaviour in the late 1990s and early 2000s, which could be related to changes in the sectoral employment composition, the strong development of part-time jobs and lower labour tax rates. Fourth, part-time employment, used by firms as a ?flexible? tool, has a countercyclical pattern. In the longer run, rising female participation and changes in legislation on part-time jobs are key institutional or structural drivers. Five, the wage distribution in Europe is compressed across occupations and across levels of education, particularly in continental and southern EU15 countries, which would induce job losses for low-educated people. http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_473_0067 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2008-3-page-67.htm Gilles Mourre

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_452_302009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_452_30 article Qui veut encore harmoniser l'enseignement supérieur européen ? The Sorbonne declaration was signed by the education ministers of four countries. Two of these countries where witnessing a steady decline in the number of foreign students coming to their universities. The process of harmonization was primarily aimed at reinforcing the attractiveness of Europe? higher education and therefore that of the signatories. Today, the attractiveness of the European countries has improved to a significant degree. Consequently, the countries find cooperative strategies less advantageous and return to competition. For this reason, harmonization is currently stalled. And future developments are likely be the fruit of competition more than genuine cooperation. Bologna process, Lisbon strategy, European higher education area, harmonization, higher education system http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_452_30 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2006-2-page-23.htm Jean-Émile Charlier

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_432_00432009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_432_0043 article L'indispensable régulation des marchés financiers The article first sketches out the brand new concepts and processes for the regulation of financial markets recommended to the EU by the high-level international experts committee headed by Prof. Lamfalussy. It then draws a synthesis of the main achievements and the current state of play for the work in progress with respect to the ¿Financial Services Action Plan?adopted at the European summit of Lisbon (April 2000). The paper concludes with a brief exposition of the author? views about the goals to be assigned to the public regulation of financial markets. Financial markets, regulation, Lamfalussy report, Financial Services Ac- tion Plan http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_432_0043 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2004-2-page-43.htm Pierre Delsaux

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_481_00232009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_481_0023 article Wallonie et Bruxelles : défis et opportunités économiques. Recommandations formulées à l'occasion du 17e Congrès des Économistes Belges de Langue Française 21-22 novembre 2007 http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_481_0023 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2009-1-page-23.htm Mathias Dewatripont Frédéric Docquier Françoise Thys-Clément Henri Capron Michel Mignolet Michel Allé Jacques-François Thisse André Sapir Christian Valenduc Jean-Francois Husson

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_431_01052009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_431_0105 article Les défis techniques du suivi des dépenses pour la réduction de la pauvreté dans les pays d'Afrique francophone In 1999, the IMF established the Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility (PRGF) with the twin objectives of reducing poverty and encouraging growth. The IMF considers public expenditure management (PEM) to be an important instrument for reducing poverty. Tracking changes in the composition of overall expenditure of the budget should demonstrate that resources released through the Enhanced HIPC Ini~tiative facilitate an increase in poverty-reduction spending. The article is devoted to two tools, budget classification and public accounting, within the context of French speaking African countries. Budget classification comprises economic classification, administra~tive classification, and functional classification. They have to provide information on expenditure and its targets in order to be able to analyze the function and the economic nature of expenditures and to measure the budget involvement in poverty-reduction programs. Public accounting is basic for reporting on budget execution. Budget systems in French speaking Africa, legacies of the French system, deteriorated over the 90s. Weaknesses and corrective measures are presented. PGRF, budget functional classification, budget economic classification, WAEMU, HIPC Initiative, budgetary accounting, Treasury accounting http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_431_0105 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2004-1-page-105.htm Dominique Bouley

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_434_00052009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_434_0005 article Transport de marchandises et croissance : la problématique du couplage / decouplage ?In France as in Europe, mobility and economic growth have been developing at about the same pace for several decades. The freight transport growth, usually expressed in ton kilometres, is more easily explained by the distance than by transported tonnes. This paper focusses on the uncoupling concept that has been studied for few years. Here, the coupling means that freight transport demand is correlated with economic growth. This perception allows to analyse the underlying freight transport logic and to suggest different means for reducing negative externalities. The approach is based on the links between industrial and logistic organizations, location of activities and planning of freight transport systems. freight transport, uncoupling, location of productive and logistic activities http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_434_0005 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2004-4-page-5.htm Guy Joignaux Jérôme Verny

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_411_00892009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_411_0089 article Le rôle de l'expert : participer au réenchantement du monde http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_411_0089 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2002-1-page-89.htm Marc Luyckx

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_434_00772009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_434_0077 article Estimation de l'impact de l'internalisation des coûts externes du trafic de fret interurbain en Belgique The strong expansion of freight road transports throughout Europe is an important source of congestion and pollution, as well as a cause of many accidents. To be solved this problem will require the conjunction of many different remedies. One element of solution would be the promotion and the substitution of transportation modes with less negative effects. This paper is focused on this solution. It presents some results obtained from a detailed modeling of the Belgian multimodal freight transport network inserted within the overall trans-European network. It outlines the results of a simulation of the flows over the Belgian network in 1995 which allows to estimate some of the costs of several external effects of freight transports: the costs of pollution, congestion, accidents, noise and road damages. The paper provides also the simulated impacts on modal choice of a marginal external cost internalization, and an estimation of the corresponding external costs savings. External costs, transportation costs, freight transport, networks http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_434_0077 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2004-4-page-77.htm Bart Jourquin

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_462_00232009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_462_0023 article Rent sharing and wages D31, J31. wage structures, profits, endogeneity http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_462_0023 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2007-2-page-23.htm Pedro S. Martins

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_453_00092009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_453_0009 article Les enjeux actuels de la fiscalité directe A tax system is an arbitrage between desirable properties, three of them especially in the Musgrave tradition, efficiency, equity and stability. Although, in the past, national legislators could make such an arbitrage independently, now it is strongly influenced by globalisation and fiscal interdependencies, reinforced by European integration. Therefore we focus on the possible distance, for some types of income, between the area of mobility of the income and that of sovereignty of the jurisdiction of residence of his beneficiary. On that basis we review existing tax designs and issue some suggestions for the future. JEL codes: H20, H21, H22, H24. http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_453_0009 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2006-3-page-9.htm Marcel Gérard

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_401_02132009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_401_0213 article Post-scriptum : deux trajectoires http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_401_0213 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2001-1-page-213.htm Philippe Van Parijs

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_432_00072009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_432_0007 article Marchés financiers et anticipations rationnelles Focused on the « rational expectations hypothesis», which has served as the foundation of modeling and empirical research in financial microeconomics under the heading of « efficient market hypothesis» (EMH), this paper is dedicated firstly to provide, through a careful analysis of some popular statements among finance practitioners, precise indications of what EMH does and does not consist of. The se~cond part develops a critical analysis of the « anomalies» revealed by systematic testing of the EMH, and to the implications thereof for portfolio management. Financial markets, rational expectations, efficient market hypothesis, port- folio management http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_432_0007 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2004-2-page-7.htm Roland Gillet Ariane Szafarz

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_414_00552009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_414_0055 article Noyau dur de la pauvreté en Wallonie : Une actualisation http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_414_0055 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2002-4-page-55.htm Bernard Delhausse

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_401_02292009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_401_0229 article Les actionnaires, les sociétés introduites en bourse et le modèle « défection, prise de parole » http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_401_0229 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2001-1-page-229.htm Daniel Arnould

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_414_00092009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_414_0009 article La mathématisation de la théorie économique. Le point de vue de l'histoire des théories économiques http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_414_0009 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2002-4-page-9.htm Michel de Vroey

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_452_1082009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_452_108 article L'entreprise familiale : concept et importance en Belgique Family businesses are often presented as being a large part of economy, but the concept itself has not actually been defined and quantified, especially on the Belgian Market. We drived therefore a large inquiry in order to identify Belgian family companies and their main characteristics. We noticed they are quite older and smaller than the mean company. Some places in Wallonia present a larger concentration in family business. The inquiry especially focused on the transmission process, which is foreseen to be of great importance within ten years, concerning about 13.000 companies and 100.000 employments following our forecastings. family firm http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_452_108 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2006-2-page-91.htm Karin Comblé Olivier Colot

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_401_02152009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_401_0215 article La contribution du courant des cycles réels à la théorie du cycle économique http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_401_0215 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2001-1-page-215.htm Guy Ertz

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_412_01112009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_412_0111 article Le « théorème de Coase », une réflexion sur les fondements microéconomiques de l'intervention publique http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_412_0111 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2002-2-page-111.htm Elodie Bertrand Christophe Destais

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_424_00592009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_424_0059 article Globalisation versus relations industrielles « à la belge » ? Belgian industrial relations, globalization, multinationals companies, chemical industry http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_424_0059 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2003-4-page-59.htm Evelyne Léonard Delphine Dion

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_441_00392009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_441_0039 article Léon-H. Dupriez et le discours vrai The purpose of studying and deepening economic epistemology is to learn how to make economic analysis relevant, i.e. how to explain truthfully the very complex real world. The first section of this paper tries to clarify the concept of truth on historical and philosophical basis as well as to honour Léon-H. Dupriez for his indefatigable quest of truth. The second part deals with the method of a meaningful explanation in economics. The explanatory methods used in physics and based on mechanical relations are not valuable in social science like economics. Choosing the truthful explanatory method is the most important epistemological issue. Economic epistemology, concept of truth, method of explanation, non-explanatory methods in economics http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_441_0039 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2005-1-page-39.htm Paul Mandy

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_451_052009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_451_05 article Compétitivité structurelle The article introduces the issue of the review Reflets et perspectives de la vie économique on the theme of structural competitiveness (RPVE, Vol. XLV, n? 1, 2006). The notion of structural competitiveness is first distinguished in a brief way from the notion of price competitiveness. Then an outline of the contributions is given. The article ends up by echoing very briefly the Belgian socio-political topicality as regards competitiveness. competitiveness, structural competitiveness, price competitiveness http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_451_05 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2006-1-page-5.htm Marcus Dejardin

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_471_00732009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_471_0073 article Une évaluation politico-économique de la politique belge de la concurrence http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_471_0073 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2008-1-page-73.htm Frank Naert

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_413_00232009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_413_0023 article Une perspective longitudinale sur la pauvreté en Belgique http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_413_0023 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2002-3-page-23.htm Philippe Van kerm

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_462_01032009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_462_0103 article La formation financée par l'entreprise favorise-t-elle l'emploi en Belgique ? : C23, J23, J24, M53. training, labour demand, human capital, skills, labour productivity, panel data http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_462_0103 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2007-2-page-103.htm Benoît Mahy Mélanie Volral

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_431_00552009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_431_0055 article Allégements de charges sociales : une mesure à promouvoir mais à réformer This paper compares the effects of three policies that aim at fighting the low-skill unemployment problem in Belgium: reductions in employers?social security contributions, hiring subsidies and in-work benefits. From evaluation studies and our analysis of the causes of unemployment in Belgium, we recommend the use of reductions in employers?social security contributions and argue that they should be more targeted on low-paid jobs than they currently are. We propose a crude evaluation of the impact of such a reform and put this proposal in the broader context of labour market policy reforms in Belgium. Unemployment, low-skill, payroll taxes, social security contributions, la- bour market policy http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_431_0055 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2004-1-page-55.htm Bart Cockx Henri Sneessens Bruno Van der linden

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_401_01972009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_401_0197 article De l'État-Providence actif à l'État-Providence pluriactif : les instruments d'une politique http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_401_0197 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2001-1-page-197.htm Bea Cantillon

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_474_00152009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_474_0015 article Le financement général des communes : comparaison interrégionale des modes de répartition fiscal federalism, grants, local finance http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_474_0015 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2008-4-page-15.htm Jean-François Husson

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_474_00492009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_474_0049 article Rente naturelle et composition des dépenses publiques http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_474_0049 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2008-4-page-49.htm Louis-Marie Philippot

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_401_01032009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_401_0103 article Centralisation de la formation des salaires en économie ouverte et politique monétaire http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_401_0103 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2001-1-page-103.htm Quentin Wibaut

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_444_00732009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_444_0073 article La situation financière des entreprises de télévision de l'Union européenne (1999-2004) http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_444_0073 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2005-4-page-73.htm André Lange

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_401_00132009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_401_0013 article Pourquoi y a-t-il des différences de salaires ? http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_401_0013 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2001-1-page-13.htm Pierre Cahuc

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_422_00292009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_422_0029 article Ownership <i>vs.</i> accountability ou le contrôle des fonds de l'aide au développement Title ?Ownership vs. accountability: monitoring the use of development aid fundsAbstract ?The paper reviews the major changes observed in the mechanisms used tochannel aid to developing countries. As the most recent PRGF approach places theemphasis on the need for a coherent framework (the PRSP), a certain number of pre-requisite on the management side of public expenditure need to be met. The paperreviews some of the most important aspects, in particular the need for better controlsin the budgetary process. The paper uses a principal-agent approach to compare theimpact of internal and external (audit) controls on the efficiency of service delivery anddraws policy implications. development aid, fund monitoring, PRSP, accountability http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_422_0029 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2003-2-page-29.htm Elisabeth Paul

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_411_00192009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_411_0019 article La gouvernance au service du développement durable dans le contexte de la mondialisation http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_411_0019 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2002-1-page-19.htm Joke Waller-hunter

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_411_00752009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_411_0075 article Économie sociale et gestion des déchets ménagers http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_411_0075 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2002-1-page-75.htm Martine Gillet

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_464_00312009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_464_0031 article Energy Interdependence in a Multi-polar World: Towards a Market-based Strategy for Safeguarding European Energy Supplies Q43; Q48 European energy supply, policy interaction, governance of energy markets, multilateral approaches, policy priorities http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_464_0031 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2007-4-page-31.htm Jan Horst Keppler

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_481_01152009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_481_0115 article La compétitivité des régions Regions are increasingly becoming a main engine of globalization and are playing a more and more important role in economic development policies. As a consequence, regional authorities must be very attentive to the competitiveness of their region. In a first part of the paper, some main economic European indicators are analyzed for the traditional industrial regions and metropolitan areas in order to put forward the real position of the Walloon as well as Brussels-Capital regions. As other European regions, Walloon and Brussels policy-makers have implemented a new industrial policy based on the promotion and the support of competitiveness clusters. The main characteristics of this policy and of its implementation as well as its forces and weaknesses are reviewed in the second part of the paper. JEL Codes ? R58, R38, R11. http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_481_0115 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2009-1-page-115.htm Henri Capron

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_462_00472009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_462_0047 article Low-wage employment and the role of the firm J22, J21, J31, J42, C81. low-wage labour market, employer behaviour, linked employer-employee data http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_462_0047 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2007-2-page-47.htm Wiemer Salverda

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_401_00652009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_401_0065 article Does Rent-Sharing Exist in Belgium ?. An Empirical Analysis Using Firm Level Data http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_401_0065 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2001-1-page-65.htm Maarten Goos Jozef Konings

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_414_00052009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_414_0005 article Introduction http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_414_0005 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2002-4-page-5.htm Jean-Marie Baland Vincent BODART

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_442_00472009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_442_0047 article Firm-based Training and Innovative Strategies in the Manufacturing Sector. Empirical Evidence for a local industrial System The paper investigates the driving factors of firm training using a survey-based dataset concerning manufacturing firms in the Emilia Romagna Region, located in Northern Italy. Data derive from a structured questionnaire administered in 2002 to the management of a representative sample of firms with more than 50 employees in a highly industrialised local production system. The applied analysis explores the linkages between firm training activities and its driving forces. The main potential factors associated to training here considered compounds firm structural characteristics, human resource management practices, workforce features, labour management, and firm? performances. We observe that training activities emerge positively associated with high-performance practices, workforce skill level, firm size, firm productivity, and labour flexibility. The analysis suggests that a widening gap, between innovatively evolving and stagnant firms, could characterise the future dynamics of industrialised local areas. This is a key concern for the current debate on local systems development in the European and Italian environment, mainly based on small and medium size firms. The high and joint relevance of both structural variables, labour demand-related factors and HRM/innovation practices shows that regional industrial policies must support labour policies within an integrated policy effort aimed at increasing potential firm productivity. Firm training, general training, labour flexibility, human resource management, firm performance, local industrial system, innovative strategies, JEL : J24, C21, L23, L60 http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_442_0047 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2005-2-page-47.htm Giovanni Guidetti Massimiliano Mazzanti

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_461_01132009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_461_0113 article Réformer le système des retraites belge http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_461_0113 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2007-1-page-113.htm David de la Croix Pierre Pestieau

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_434_00232009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_434_0023 article Towards better transport pricing and taxation in Belgium ?Starting from the fundamental principles of transport pricing the paper discusses the relative merits of a number of policy measures. It is argued that in the short to medium run the discouragement of the purchase of new diesel cars is the most important environmental measure that can be taken. A further increase in the fuel efficiency is no priority. In the same time frame parking charges and a cordon toll around major cities have an important role to play, while subsidies to public transport are justified only if a number of conditions are met. A toll on trucks is mainly an interesting way to make transit traffic pay taxes, but could be less useful to control the congestion levels. In the long run prices should be based on marginal social costs. Such pricing measures should be accompanied by a well-directed use of the revenues to correct for the effects on the poorest income groups. Transport pricing, transport taxes, transport externalities http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_434_0023 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2004-4-page-23.htm Inge Mayeres Stef Proost

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_461_01592009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_461_0159 article Accompagner les délocalisations http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_461_0159 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2007-1-page-159.htm Lionel Fontagné Carine Peeters

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_413_00772009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_413_0077 article L'économie sociale d'insertion, cheval de bataille ou cheval de Troie ? http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_413_0077 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2002-3-page-77.htm Ides Nicaise Luc Lauwereys Nick Matheus

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_422_00052009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_422_0005 article Introduction http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_422_0005 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2003-2-page-5.htm Luc Leruth Paul Reding

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_412_00912009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_412_0091 article Trading with 2020 vision : A Consumer Agenda for the Trading System http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_412_0091 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2002-2-page-91.htm Phil Evans

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_451_302009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_451_30 article Innovation et compétitivité en Europe This paper deals with the question of the possible incompatibility between the European model of capitalism and the new knowledge-based economy. The European Union does not seem able to reach the objective of the Lisbon Summit, i.e. to become the world?s most competitive knowledge-based economy in 2010. The alleged responsibility of the institutions characteristic of the European model and the lack of structural reforms in this foretold failure are critically examined. The transition towards a neo-liberal model is not the only option left to European countries. competitiveness, European model, reforms, innovation http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_451_30 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2006-1-page-15.htm Bruno Amable

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_454_00492009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_454_0049 article Une analyse économique de la protection contractuelle des bases de données What is the best protection, from an economic point of view, for the investments in databases? This is the general question addressed in this article. In particular, one asks whether a database producer can, and should, use contractual arrangements to obtain an additional protection on top of the protection already given by IP law. Combining an economic and a legal approach, the article examines to which extent IP law and contract law are complements or substitutes, and how they should be combined so as to promote the optimal level of investment in database creation. JEL code ? L51, L63, L88, 034. http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_454_0049 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2006-4-page-49.htm Estelle Derclaye

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_452_742009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_452_74 article La recherche et l'enseignement supérieur dans un système fédéral : la nécessité d'une Charte européenne des universités The need to increase the level of resources channelled to fundamental research and higher education is broadly acknowledged. These two activities have all of the characteristics of collective or public goods: they thus need to be primarily funded with public money. Traditional economic theory suggest that the responsibility for financing research should be given to the authority with the widest jurisdiction: the one that best corresponds to the natural dissemination area of research outcomes. More recent developments of the economic theory can also help identify ways of improving the governance of universities. Finally, securing a better financing for the highest segments of higher education requires the adoption a European University Charter. The latter would guarantee adequate and stable funding in the medium term, and allow the sector to achieve its missions. This charter should also help universities clarify their governance methods. fiscal federalism, education and research funding, universities governance http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_452_74 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2006-2-page-67.htm Françoise Thys-Clément

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_424_00712009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_424_0071 article Faut-il régionaliser la négociation salariale ? At first glance, the collective wage bargaining process in Belgium, being carried at the national level, could be blamed for the persistent high unemployment rate in the Walloon Region, while a process per Region would lead to differentiated wage increases leading towards lower wages in the Walloon Region and therefore less unemployment. The paper shows that such a reasoning is too short as, when lower labor costs would be welcome in the Walloon Region to create more jobs, it is unlikely that the higher unemployment rate would lead towards wage moderation. In addition, regional bargaining could eventually backfire, through spillover effects on Social Security. wage bargaining, Belgium, unemployment, social security http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_424_0071 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2003-4-page-71.htm Robert Deschamps

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_401_00372009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_401_0037 article Quand la vie professionnelle commence avant la fin des études : l'insertion des étudiants français http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_401_0037 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2001-1-page-37.htm Éric Cahuzac Jean-François Giret

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_424_00352009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_424_0035 article La répartition du travail normatif entre pouvoirs publics et partenaires sociaux. Quelques motifs depréoccupation The public authorities allowed the social partners to actively participate to the drawing up of the labor law by granting them a power of initiative. For a long time, the distribution of the work between public authorities and social partners appeared relatively harmonious. Since a few years, this cooperation seems to be more complicate so that the two parties are often in competition. This implies that some labor regulations are of poor quality. It is thus useful to think about a regulating process in order to avoid such consequence, without depriving the social partners of their power of initiative. normative competencies, collective agreement, royal decrees, co- operation, competition http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_424_0035 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2003-4-page-35.htm Bernard Nyssen

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_474_00052009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_474_0005 article Autonomie fiscale, péréquation et contrainte budgétaire des communes : de la théorie à la pratique http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_474_0005 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2008-4-page-5.htm Bernard Jurion

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_441_01152009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_441_0115 article La politique économique The two-handed policies advocated ten years ago by a group of Belgian and French economists in their position paper Growth and Employment: the scope for a European initiative remain advisable today. These policies consist in substantial public investments and reductions in the cost of unskilled labour, hopefully matched by energy taxes. They are compatible with the targets of low inflation and stability provided the investments have adequate returns. But the stability pact should imperatively distinguish investments from current deficits. The paper relates these policies to recent theoretical contributions and to new issues raised by EU enlargement, demographic trends, threats of social dumping and ecological concerns. Growth, employment, public investment, labour costs, inflation, stability http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_441_0115 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2005-1-page-115.htm Jacques Drèze

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_432_00572009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_432_0057 article Pour tenter de conclure : à la croisée des chemins... Abstract ?The first section of the paper is aimed at elaborating in some more depth the concept of rationality. Both the mainstream and behavioral approaches to market efficiency are grounded in a « substantive» and thus necessarily unique concept of rationality. The heterodox current, on the contrary, adopts a « procedural» view of rationality which opens the door to various forms of cohabitation and competition of multiple « logics of action ». In a second section, it shows how, along the lines already drawn by Keynes in 1936, heterodox economists consider that the basic function of financial markets is providing liquidity, and by no means « genuine» valuation. This double turn-off has heavy implications for both the scope and the implementation of regulatory devices. It is calling for a concept of « reflexive law » that can be exemplified by such a regulatory principle as « comply or explain ». Financial markets, rational expectations, market efficiency, heterodox economists, liquidity, regulation http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_432_0057 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2004-2-page-57.htm Robert Cobbaut

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_453_00052009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_453_0005 article L'imposition des revenus : des modèles remis en question http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_453_0005 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2006-3-page-5.htm Christian Valenduc

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_451_942009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_451_94 article La compétitivité manufacturière de la Belgique : voies d'impasses et de succès Manufacturing has faced deep mutations leading to a specialisation of activities in sectors for which comparative advantages exist and to intensive research of productivity gains. Given the entry on the world market of low wages economies, the competitiveness of the Belgian industry is more than ever linked to its innovation capability. The development of this capability is the heart of an industrial policy compatible with the onset of the European single market. deindustrialization, competitiveness, industrial policy http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_451_94 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2006-1-page-83.htm Henri Bogaert Chantal Kegels

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_442_00712009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_442_0071 article Les nouvelles modalités de gestion du « capital humain ». Une radioscopie des relations de travail en Wallonie The author provides a summary of recent inquiry concerning recent trends of work organisation and human resources management in the manufacturing sector in Belgian Wallonia. Most of the recent developments are confirmed : the push towards flexibility, both internal and external as well as the growing importance of certification, intensification and polyvalence, the combination of both taylorist production schemes and newer ones like lean production. Other trends like the very first importance of interim work to get integrated in the core-workforce are identified for the first time on a broader base. The employers are asking more and more from the workers. The answers on the side of the workers show a growing dissatisfaction although the risk of unemployment keeps them muted in most companies. Human resources management, employment, casual labour, working conditions http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_442_0071 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2005-2-page-71.htm Stephen Bouquin

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_434_00452009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_434_0045 article Vertical and horizontal tax competition in the transport sector The purpose of this paper is to review the literature dealing with horizontal and vertical tax competition in the transport sector, taking into account the role of transport externalities. Our emphasis throughout is on tax competition between governments, not between private suppliers. For the various different settings (horizontal and vertical competition, parallel and serial networks), we discuss the relevance of tax competition and describe the type of results typically obtained. We further point out the relevance of different types of tax competition for transport policy in a European setting. Finally, we discuss the losses of non-cooperative behaviour of governments. http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_434_0045 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2004-4-page-45.htm Bruno de Borger Stef Proost

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_433_00052009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_433_0005 article Introduction : Le travail au-delà de la consommation et du profit Economic theory usually presents working as a means for firms to make profit and for consumers to finance their consumption but there is room for working beyond these standard but limited goals. Non-profit organizations, social enterprises, volunteers http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_433_0005 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2004-3-page-5.htm Marcel Gérard

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_442_00252009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_442_0025 article Flexibilité des contrats et demande de travail en Belgique Temporary jobs have spread in an important way during the nineties, especially on the Belgian labour market. From a labour demand point of view, we first stress on the reasons why they might reduce labour adjustment (firing) costs and to a lesser extent other labour costs, but why they might also lower labour productivity. Net effects of temporary jobs are then estimated on dynamic labour demand, assuming that firms are in a monopolistic competition market structure and face quadratic and symetric adjustment costs. The relation is estimated on a panel of 5551 firms observed during the period 1996-2000, using the Blundell and Bond GMM estimator. Our results suggest that higher flexibility through temporary jobs significantly favours the adjustment process but does not influence employment level. Models with panel data (C23), employment determination, demand for labour (J23), labour contracts (J41) http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_442_0025 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2005-2-page-25.htm Benoît Mahy

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_454_00372009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_454_0037 article La propriété intellectuelle dans les biotechnologies agricoles : quels enjeux pour quelles perspectives ? Within the framework of agricultural biotechnologies, there was an evolution of the intellectual property rights: the implementation of the patents on living organism, the evolution of the legislation on the Plant breeder?s right from the Union for the Protection of plant varieties, or the implementation of intellectual property rights at a world level within the framework of Trips agreements (Article 27/3 B.) of WTO. In this context of evolutionary intellectual property rights, the markets of the agricultural genetic resources are based on goods and services related to the management of agro biodiversity. The markets related to the genetic resources will depend on the way in which the actors will jointly reach: technologies; biological and genetic material; information and knowledge as well on the material as on technologies; agricultural markets that it is on a local, national, regional or world level. This is why in this paper we will analyze, whatever the statute of the genetic resources is, the conditions of access to the biological materials, the innovations and the markets and their consequences on the activities of research and development in the field of agricultural biotechnologies. JEL code ? L51, L65, L73, L88, 034. http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_454_0037 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2006-4-page-37.htm Michel Trommetter

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_434_00652009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_434_0065 article Régulation et concurrence dans le transport collectif urbain In Europe, most of the urban public transport services are not operated on a commercial basis. The implication of local public authorities in the sector is important: they organize their local market, they finance services and, sometimes, they also act as producers. This paper analyzes the public transport system in four European cities: Lyon, Stockholm, Helsinki and Brussels and concentrates, in particular, on the introduction of regulated competition. Four different market mechanisms can be used in the public transport sector: (1) competitive tendering, (2) open access with on-track competition, (3) yardstick competition where the operator? reward is based on a comparative evaluation of its performance and (4) the possibility of challenging the incumbent public operator. The pros and cons of different competitive mechanisms are presented and the article discusses the conditions under which a truly competitive market could be settled. public transport, regulation, competition http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_434_0065 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2004-4-page-65.htm Aurélie Coppe Axel Gautier

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_451_1152009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_451_115 article Compétitivité territoriale : la recherche d'avantages absolus The article discusses the concept of territorial competitiveness by examining two subordinate questions: the solidity of the concept of territorial competitiveness itself, in terms of economic theory, and the new bases on which this competitiveness is relying, according to a cognitive-evolutionary type approach. The concept of territorial competitiveness appears theoretically strong not only because of the role played by the territory, supplying the individual firms with competitive instruments connected to the milieu, but especially because of its role in the building processes of knowledge, interpretative codes, models of co-operation and decision on which are founded the innovating courses of the companies. Moreover, economic laws about international trade, which refer to the Ricardian principle of comparative advantage, do not act on the intra-national level, adding to the importance of territorial competitiveness. Thus, for a more disaggregated territorial level, and thus for a more opened economy, not only with regard to trade but also factor mobility, if a certain level or a certain growth rate of competitiveness is not ensured, this economy can be subject to crisis, depopulation, and desertification. territorial competitiveness, factor mobility, milieu, collective learning http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_451_115 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2006-1-page-95.htm Roberto Camagni

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_481_00472009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_481_0047 article Les dépenses communautaires et régionales : instrument de développement économique et social ? This article attempts to analyse fiscal policies of the Belgian Regions and Communities in the last regional legislature, drawing attention to their scope for action, their priorities in the provision of public goods and the policy evaluation. In Belgium, Regions and Communities have a high fiscal and political autonomy, or ?spending power?, so that they can apply their own reforms. On the last legislature, evolution of their revenue allowed to increase their expenditure more than the real trend growth, even by performing the States fiscal targets on the period 2005-2008. Public expenditures particularly increased in the Flemish Community and the Brussels Region. However, through equalisation mechanisms (National solidarity intervention), public expenditures per capita are distributed more equally than the income, and even in favour of poorer regions. Belgian Regions and Communities also make differential choices in the allocation of public goods. According to a comparison of the States budgets, Flemish States give greater place to education, health and social protection. Although some signs of convergence appeared during the period 2004 and 2008, the French-speaking States and the Brussels Region still spend more in economic affairs, employment and professional training. The long-lasting interregional economic disparities challenge the effectiveness of such expenditures. Therefore, policy and performance evaluation appear as a decisive stage to promote efficiency and effectiveness of public expenditures. In this area, the monitoring of the Marshall Plan is rather a promising initiative. JEL Codes ? H70, H72, H73, H75 Communautés et Régions, fédéralisme fiscal, budgets, finances publiques, dépenses publiques http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_481_0047 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2009-1-page-47.htm Frédérique Denil

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_473_00072009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_473_0007 article Retraite et chômage en Belgique : les jeunes bénéficient-ils des préretraites ? ? H55, J21, J26, J14. pensions, social security, early retirement, unemployment http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_473_0007 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2008-3-page-7.htm Mathieu Lefèbvre

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_412_00092009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_412_0009 article L'Union européenne, laboratoire de la globalisation maîtrisée http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_412_0009 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2002-2-page-9.htm Pascal Lamy

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_471_00052009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_471_0005 article Introduction http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_471_0005 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2008-1-page-5.htm Alexandre de Streel

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_444_00192009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_444_0019 article L'appariement de l'offre et de la demande sur les marchés locaux du travail : une comparaison entre espaces ruraux et espaces urbains C25, J63. labour market, manpower flows, matching, rural areas http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_444_0019 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2005-4-page-19.htm Michel Blanc Éric Cahuzac Gabriel Tahar Germain Zerah

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_451_422009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_451_42 article Compétitivité structurelle et réseaux stratégiques : un défi de gouvernance Structural competitiveness depends much on good governance, i.e., on effective coordination when resources, power and information are widely distributed among many stakeholders. And good governance depends on the quality of information available to governors, on adequate administrative structures, and on rules of the game that are clear and enforced. On all these fronts, pathologies of governance have been noted that call for important repairs. Some more or less subversive strategies to effect such changes are proposed. structural competitiveness, governance, networks, pathologies, collaboration http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_451_42 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2006-1-page-31.htm Gilles Paquet

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_442_00832009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_442_0083 article Analyse des phénomènes de discrimination à l'encontre des jeunes femmes d'origine française et étrangère dans leur insertion professionnelle In the context of evolution of law in France concerning equality between men and women and discrimination, this paper shows discrimination between young men and women (of French and foreign origin) in their entry path into the labour market. Two types of youth path are identified : on the one hand, having the same job after the end of their studies and 3 years after, and on the other hand, having a first job after the end of their studies and another one 3 years after. Discrimination is measured in terms of job access and of wage. This paper questions also the effects of labour market and of human resources practices in firms on discrimination. Discrimination, women, youth path http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_442_0083 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2005-2-page-83.htm Olivier Joseph Séverine Lemière

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_424_00812009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_424_0081 article Le modèle des « insiders-outsiders » : entre théorie et pratiques The paper first attempts to present the insider-outsider theory. The Belgian system of wage bargaining is highlighted in the second section. The third section compiles some empirical studies on this issue. The findings do not allow us to conclude that the insider-outsider theory works. Some countries with decentralized systems of bargaining, especially the U.S., achieve results close to ¿corporatiste?countries. Wage in countries with centralized bargaining are more responsive to unemployment than in some countries where wage bargaining is decentralized. The ¿corporatiste?countries do not seem to systematically get poorer economic results. The Calmfors and Driffill model with a U shaped relation between employment and bargaining level does not have much empirical support according to an OECD study. The main significant result is the clear relationship between centralization of bargaining and reduction of wage inequality. The outsiders also share this last objective. Insiders-outsiders, wages, unemployment, collective bargaining http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_424_0081 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2003-4-page-81.htm Luc Simar

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_453_00532009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_453_0053 article Quelques éléments d'analyse de la flat tax A number of European countries have recently introduced tax reforms inspired by the concept of flat taxes. This article analyses the principal aspects of these reforms in the light of the original theoretical approach by Hal and Rabushka. The rapid overview of the principle elements of the tax systems in place in some European countries enables us to conclude that the present tax systems based on a flat rate do not correspond entirely to the original theoretical approach. Slovakia is the country which has reformed its tax system in the most radical way with a view to taxing all incomes equally at only one linear rate, following the principle of taxing the investment income only once. The fact that some countries apply a flat rate to some/all portions of income does not mean that their tax systems are comparable in view of their global economic effect (efficiency and incentives to invest) even if the application of a flat rate always implies redistributive effects which deserve special attention. The economic gains of these reforms are uncertain and depend critically on the details of the reform and on the macroeconomic and structural context of the country. Classification JEL: H20, H21, H23, H24, H25. http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_453_0053 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2006-3-page-53.htm Carola Maggiulli Matthias Mors

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_481_01372009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_481_0137 article Enseignement francophone. On peut faire mieux, mais comment ? The issues of education are considerable, both for the youths? personal development and as a preparation for their integration into society. In the light of international studies, education in the French-speaking Community of Belgium is relatively inefficient. However, it is fairly well funded, and the supervision rate is high in compulsory education. It is therefore important to review the organization of our education system. Several tracks are proposed here, based on a number of principles: assessment, decompartmentalization, freedom and responsibilization of schools and teachers, responsibilization of students and parents. The shortage of teachers is also addressed, as well as the regionalization of our teaching. education, assessment, French-speaking Community of Belgium http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_481_0137 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2009-1-page-137.htm Robert Deschamps

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_462_00652009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_462_0065 article La régionalisation de la négociation salariale en Belgique : vraie nécessité ou faux débat ? : J31, J52, R11, H77. wages, collective bargaining, federalism, Belgium http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_462_0065 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2007-2-page-65.htm Robert Plasman Michael Rusinek Ilan Tojerow

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_453_00192009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_453_0019 article Économie politique de la taxation Tax systems are generally assessed through their ability to achieve efficiency and equity goals. The question raised in this article is why and how some of these systems can get created and/or stay and place without achieving any of these goals. The approach used is in the tradition of the political economy literature, which assesses the web of interactions between the incentives of politicians to propose policies and the economic outcomes, that result, a.o. in terms of equity and efficiency. We review some of the existent theoretical analyses, to provide a better understanding of our two problems of interest dimensions concerning tax systems. First, why are inefficient systems not reformed? Second, why would governments ever implement systems that are viewed as inferior by a majority of the voters? Then, we illustrate how these theoretical mechanisms have worked in Belgium. Our analysis provides three cases studies: the tax exemptions awarded to SMEs, the tax exemptions offered to one-earner couples, and the taxation of capital income. In each of these cases, we highlight inefficiencies in the existing system ?and hence could (should?) be reformed ?and how the political economy factors put forth in the literature explain why actual reforms have remained insufficient. JEL codes: D70, D72, H20, H21, H24. http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_453_0019 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2006-3-page-19.htm Micael Castanheira Christian Valenduc

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_473_00272009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_473_0027 article L'influence de la dispersion salariale sur la performance des grandes entreprises belges ? J31, J32, M5. wage dispersion, personnel economics, matched employer-employee data, Belgium http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_473_0027 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2008-3-page-27.htm Benoît Mahy François Rycx Mélanie Volral

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_424_01152009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_424_0115 article Regard sur trente ans d’économie industrielle This paper proposes to relate the origin and the evolution of industrial organization, a field of investigation devoted to the study of the productive activity, its components and its actors. The « new» industrial economics results from the reviewing of the notions of firm and competition, and from the adoption of the structuralist hypothesis and then of the trilogy « structure-conduct-performance». Nowadays, it attributes a leading part to firm strategies. New concepts (contracts theory, transaction costs, contestable markets) and inescapable methodological repositioning (among which the adoption of a pluri-disciplinary approach) contribute to the building of a more precise, present-day analysis of market regulations and industrial strategic behaviors. industrial organization, market structures, firm behavior, performance http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_424_0115 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2003-4-page-115.htm Alain Balasse

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_461_00072009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_461_0007 article Introduction générale http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_461_0007 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2007-1-page-7.htm Micael Castanheira Jean Hindriks

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_461_01412009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_461_0141 article La réforme des marchés du travail, des biens et services et du capital en Belgique http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_461_0141 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2007-1-page-141.htm Étienne de Callataÿ André Sapir

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_411_00652009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_411_0065 article Pour un développement durable de la santé http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_411_0065 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2002-1-page-65.htm Marie-Christine Closon Maurice Marchand

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_433_00092009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_433_0009 article L'émergence du concept d'entreprise sociale This paper tries to show how the concept of social enterprise is increasingly used in many countries. In Europe, the most significant steps have been taken by the Italian parliament in the early 90? and since 2002 by the UK government which has decided to map and promote social enterprises. From a scientific point of view, the approach built by the EMES European Research Network, based on comparative research in all EU countries, provides a solid basis for further theoretical and empirical work as well as new insights into the whole social economy. Social enterprises, entrepreneurship, non-profit organizations, social economy, social cooperatives http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_433_0009 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2004-3-page-9.htm Jacques Defourny

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_442_00052009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_442_0005 article Économie de la demande de travail. Introduction http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_442_0005 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2005-2-page-5.htm Benoît Mahy Robert Plasman François Rycx

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_433_00632009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_433_0063 article Le capital social dans l'économie sociale d'insertion In the present article, we try to show that social capital can prove to be an interesting analytical tool in the field of the social economy, and more specifically within the theoretical corpus developed by the European EMES Network on social enterprise. Our analysis is based on three specific characteristics of social enterprises. First, the forms of social capital within these organisations mainly consist of networks and the social relations they develop in their environment. But social enterprises also mobilise and produce important norms and values. Secondly, for social enterprises, the mobilisation and production of social capital can constitute a goal in itself. Lastly, social enterprises mobilise resources of very diverse natures (private or public, commercial or non-commercial etc.); social capital is one of these resources (volunteer work, participation of workers, trust etc.). On the basis of these hypotheses, we comment the results obtained in Belgium about the social and economic performance of workintegration social enterprises. Social capital, social economy, work integration social enterprises, social enterprises http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_433_0063 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2004-3-page-63.htm Catherine Davister

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_481_01992009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_481_0199 article Les indicateurs d'inclusion sociale : où est la Wallonie aujourd'hui ? We use the primary indicators of social inclusion proposed within the scope of the Open Method of Coordination (OMC) to situate Wallonia in the European Union (EU15) context. The results show that Wallonia stood in 2005 at the same level as Greece and was behind the EU15 level mainly regarding poverty and long-term unemployment rates. Groups at risk are single-parent families as well as unemployed and other inactive categories. Having at disposal these indicators for the years to come will be a must not only for the design but also for the evaluation of policies towards a better social cohesion. JEL Codes ? H790, I300, I320. social inclusion, Wallonia, poverty, housing http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_481_0199 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2009-1-page-199.htm Cécile Atta Claire Maréchal Sergio Perelman

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_481_01792009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_481_0179 article Promotion de l'investissement : quelle politique mettre en œuvre ? After a short review of recent statistics about economic growth and investment expenses in the three Belgian regions, the paper examines the main arguments to compare two kinds of public incentives to invest : targeted incentives and general incentives. The first category includes capital grant and any fiscal devices that reduce corporate tax base. A decrease in the corporate tax rate, notional interests and special regimes like coordination centres are some examples of the second instrument category. Economic literature shows that targeted incentives are more efficient but that some governance problems arise when the public instruments are granted discretionarily. Conversely general incentives are neutral but they are less efficient and they provide a windfall gain to the capital supplier without stimulating capital expenditure. Codes JEL ? H25, H32, R58. investment incentives, tax instruments, capital grant, efficiency, neutrality http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_481_0179 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2009-1-page-179.htm Michel Mignolet

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_433_00252009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_433_0025 article Quelle place et quels enjeux pour les entreprises sociales d'insertion en Belgique ? This paper presents an overview of the landscape of Work Integration Social Enterprise (WISE) in Belgium. These work integration social enterprises have as a major objective to help poorly qualified unemployed people, who are at risk of permanent exclusion from the labor market, back into work and society in general through a productive activity. We analyze their processes of emergence and their progressive enrolment within public policies frameworks. We investigate their objectives and their potential benefits for the excluded workers and the specific kind of market and non-market resources used. We conclude underlining the tension between institutionalization and autonomy lived by these work integration social enterprise. work integration, social enterprise, public policies, active labor policies http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_433_0025 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2004-3-page-25.htm Marthe Nyssens Andreia Lemaître Alexis Platteau

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_401_00812009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_401_0081 article Décentraliser ou coordonner les négociations salariales pour réduire le chômage http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_401_0081 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2001-1-page-81.htm Robert Plasman François Rycx

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_452_052009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_452_05 article Introduction http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_452_05 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2006-2-page-5.htm Marcel Gérard Vincent Vandenberghe

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_423_01032009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_423_0103 article La légitimité des institutions européennes : l'impact de l'élargissement sur le déficit démocratique de l'Union européenne The necessary fifth enlargement of the European Union, of an unmatched dimension, with low GDP per head countries still in transition from centrally planed economies to market economies, is a real challenge for the EU. This challenge is increased by the present institutional, political and budgetary weaknesses of the EU. This paper assesses briefly the necessary changes in the present policies and the essential reforms of the institutions to respond to the challenge. The main structural policies (Agriculture and structural funds) must be made more efficient and the European Budget has to be increased. New policies, particularly social and dealing with immigration, international criminality, have to be created. The institutional reforms pass through a Constitution that must define in simple terms the vision of the future that the EU wants, based on its common values, clarify and simplify the functioning of the Institutions as well as fix the EU boundaries. The latter will permit to define a proper policy toward the EU new and old neighbors. But, the EU will not progress without opening the possibility to those members who so would like, to move further and quicker. http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_423_0103 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2003-3-page-103.htm Élisabeth Guigou

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_423_00732009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_423_0073 article L'union économique et monétaire dans les pays en voie d'accession – intérêts économiques et politiques The European Union (EU) enlarged to 25 member states will start operating on May 1,2004.This paper, reviewing the position of the EU and of the Accession Countries (AC) in terms of Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) and adoption of the Euro, argues that the further integration in this area is much more about the deepening of the political integrity of the EU than about lowering transaction costs. The AC will become members of the EMU but not of the Euro from the first day of their membership in the EU. A debate, however, on the political and economic implications resulting from the adoption of the Euro by the Accession Countries (AC) is full of unsolved issues. The central one is to define the possible scenario of path to the Euro by these countries. It implicates actions on both sides of coming Euro-negotiations. The AC need to proceed to a number of economic reforms and to enhance a political debate on the merits of using the Euro. On the EU side, undertaking reforms, including the redefinition of the rules of the Growth and Stability Pact (GSP), is an indispensable requisite for a proper functioning of the « old» economies. The lack of reforms may hamper a political position of the EU. Euro, EMU, accession countries (AC), adoption of the Euro, EMU criteria, Growth and Stability Pact, public opinion http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_423_0073 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2003-3-page-73.htm Maria Dunin-wasowicz

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_433_00732009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_433_0073 article Pluralité de parties prenantes et d'objectifs dans les entreprises sociales d'insertion Third sector literature underlines the existence of a plurality of stakeholders and a multiplicity of goals as the typical features among the others qualifying characteristics of Social Enterprise. This article deals with these topics with reference to the reality of 15 Belgian work integration social enterprises. First the presence of different categories of stakeholders is verified. Results show the prevalence of third sector organizations representatives and the significant amount of permanent staff delegates and business enterprises representatives. The multiplicity of goals is then analyzed verifying the hypothesis of three main categories of objective within work integration social enterprises: occupational and social integration, production of goods and services, advocacy and lobbying. Collected data show that the first two mentioned goals have the same importance within organizational mission. Finally the relationship between the two topics is investigated. social enterprise, work integration social enterprise, multi-stakeholdership, multiple goals structure http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_433_0073 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2004-3-page-73.htm Olivier Grégoire

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_411_01092009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_411_0109 article Essai sur le rôle des femmes et des valeurs féminines http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_411_0109 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2002-1-page-109.htm Natacha Zuinen

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_461_01932009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_461_0193 article Le principe de responsabilité dans la gestion publique http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_461_0193 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2007-1-page-193.htm Alain Eraly Jean Hindriks

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_454_00052009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_454_0005 article L'économie de la propriété intellectuelle. Introduction et description du contenu http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_454_0005 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2006-4-page-5.htm Paul Belleflamme

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_433_01152009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_433_0115 article La défédéralisation des soins de santé : existe-t-il un consensus dans les revendications flamandes ? During the last decade several Flemish political parties have required the devolution of health insurance. This article analyses the points of view expressed by several actors (health insurance managers, doctors and hospital managers) interviewed by the Flemish Parliamentary Commission for Institutional Reforms (1996-1998). The main conclusion is that the political consensus which seemingly emerged only partially reflects the views expressed in the commission by the main stakeholders. health insurance, devolution, social security, fiscal federalism, subsidiarity http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_433_0115 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2004-3-page-115.htm Kristian Orsini

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_472_00612009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_472_0061 article Les consommateurs face à la contrefaçon : une comparaison entre Belges et Français In spite of its development, its width and its consequences on firms and brands, counterfeiting has received scarce attention in marketing research. The purpose of this article is to address counterfeiting from a consumer behavior standpoint. Based on a review of the relevant literature, an exploratory factor analysis yields several dimensions that may predict attitude towards counterfeiting, both for Belgian and French consumers. counterfeit goods, attitude toward counterfeiting, measurement scale http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_472_0061 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2008-2-page-61.htm Florence Krémer Catherine Viot André Le Roux Ingrid Poncin

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_461_00312009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_461_0031 article La connaissance des langues en Belgique http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_461_0031 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2007-1-page-31.htm Victor Ginsburgh Shlomo Weber

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_451_01172009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_451_0117 article La globalisation et la réforme des modèles sociaux européens Europe?s labour and social institutions need urgent reform if we are to grasp the opportunities offered by globalisation and avoid the threats. But the notion of a single ?European Social Model? is largely unhelpful for thinking about reforms. Of the four main models operating, the ?Nordic? and the ?Anglo-Saxon? models are both efficient, but only the former manages to combine both equity and efficiency. Critically, the ?Continental? and ?Mediterranean? models, which together account for two-thirds of the GDP of the entire EU-25 and 90 per cent of the GDP of the 12-member eurozone, are inefficient and unsustainable. These models must therefore be reformed, probably by adopting features of the two more efficient models. These reforms may also involve changes towards more or less equity. social model, reform, globalisation, Europe http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_451_0117 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2006-1-page-117.htm André Sapir

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_454_00752009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_454_0075 article Les DRMs : entre protection légale et protection technique des biens culturels à l'ère numérique The protection offered by the exclusive copyright is based on two distinct and complementary pillars: legal protection and technical protection through private measures. Copyright law in the digital environment has modified the balance of this system by putting in place a legal protection of the technical measures of protection. What is the economic rationale behind this modification? What are the consequences on the organization of cultural industries? The article addresses these two questions. JEL code ? L51, L63, L86, L88, 034. http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_454_0075 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2006-4-page-75.htm Anne-Gaëlle Geffroy

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_443_00052009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_443_0005 article Le Mécanisme pour un Développement Propre tiendra-t-il ses promesses ? http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_443_0005 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2005-3-page-5.htm Paul-marie Boulanger Thierry Bréchet Benoit Lussis

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_421_00172009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_421_0017 article Analyse de l'évolution récente des dépenses de santé et perspectives. L'exigence d'une plus grande solidarité Like most developed countries, Belgium is faced with a rate of growth in health spending which exceeds not only the increase in GDP but also exceeds the rate of growth of most other public outlays, be it direct social spending or not. Analysis of the growth in public spending on health over the last decade reveals that it consists very largely of elements which cannot be trimmed. The rise in the cost of living, new technologies, new medicines, the growing assertiveness of patients and the ageing population are all growth factors upon which managers and politicians have only limited impact. The heterogeneous nature of medical practice, often presented as a waste of resources, is, in part, linked to the very nature of medicine, which is still an art, not an exact science. Whilst all malfunction and fraud must be avoided, even if these were totally removed, this would still not keep the rate of growth of health spending within the limit of the legal standard put in place in 1995. If society refuses to finance the sector adequately, and thus run counter to the polls which reveal health to be the top priority for Belgians, it will be necessary to restrict spending. There is a great temptation to opt for means-testing and personal responsibility. The former looks like social progress, the latter is consistent with the promotion of individual freedom. However, both present the danger of privatisation and of a two-tier medical service. To preserve our quality, accessible health-care system, it is therefore imperative to restore taxation and social contributions as the preferred methods of financing. It would thus be possible to widen the scope of compulsory insurance. Demographic effect, Generational effect, Patient assertiveness, Baumol's disease, Meritocratic principle, Personal responsibility, Means-testing, Privatisation, Two-tier medical service http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_421_0017 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2003-1-page-17.htm Christian Léonard

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_421_00392009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_421_0039 article La réforme du financement des hôpitaux : la notion d'activité justifiée Reform of hospital financing became reality on July 1 2002. This reform is intended to prevent the slippage of health care outlays while promoting quality for all hospital health care without jeopardizing the financial equilibrium of the hospital bud- get. One of the fundamental changes in this reform is to take into account hospital activity in health care budget. Financing, previously based on structural features such as the number of acknowledged beds, takes nowadays the ?justified activity of the hospital? into account. This ?justified activity? is based upon the case-mix of the hospital (this is the number and type of pathologies) and also the average national length of stay per pathology group. To stimulate one day hospitalization, this one is being integrated into the calculation of ?justified activity?, i.e. in the financing of hospitals. hospitals, reform, justified activity, hospitalization, minimal clinic summary, registry http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_421_0039 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2003-1-page-39.htm Joëlle Carton

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_472_00532009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_472_0053 article Typologie de comportements des enchérisseurs en ligne et identification de comportements gagnants : application aux enchères Air France This research proposes to gain an insight into online bidding behavior, by defining a typology based on decisions that bidders have to make during an auction, whose keywords are certainly: when? How? How much? Results, based on Air France online auctions (B2C airline tickets auctions with a soft ending rule) and obtained through clustering analysis, provide a description of different bidding behaviors. Five types of behaviors are highlighted: jump bidders, rational bidders, active bidders, bottom fishers and pioneers. A closer look is given to the group of bidders who turned out to win an auction, in order to determine whether these bidders are characterized by specific bidding decisions, and thus, by specific bidding behaviors. Active bidders and rational bidders turn out to be positively linked to the winners? group. online auctions, bidders' behavior, typology, winning behavior, clustering http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_472_0053 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2008-2-page-53.htm Caroline Ducarroz Patrick Scarmure Nadia Sinigaglia

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_473_00872009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_473_0087 article Développement et impact des stratégies de dépôt de brevets ? O31, O34, O50. patents, IPR, patenting strategies, innovation policies http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_473_0087 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2008-3-page-87.htm Nicolas Van Zeebroeck

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_412_00272009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_412_0027 article Globalisation, performances commerciales et développement http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_412_0027 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2002-2-page-27.htm Lionel Fontagné Mondher Mimouni

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_422_00212009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_422_0021 article Efficacité de l'aide et développement décentralisé Title ?Growth and Poverty Reduction in Developing and Transition CountriesAbstract ?The aim of the paper is to evaluate economic growth rates required indifferentes regions of the world to reach the millenium development goal of halvingglobal poverty rate by 2015. Current situation of poverty is briefly presented in the firstpart of the paper. The second part investigates the link amongst economic growth,inequality, and poverty reduction. Studying 99 episodes of growth or economic recession,we show that the greater the initial inequality the lower the elasticity of poverty to growth,and the higher the initial economic development the higher the elasticity. Based onthese results, we evaluate that the per capita growth rate required to reach the milleniumdevelopment goal in African, Asian and Latin American countries is around 50 %, muchlower for Eastern European countries and the Middle East. decentralized development, participation, ODA, corruption, NGO, local community leadership http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_422_0021 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2003-2-page-21.htm Jean-Philippe Platteau

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_452_462009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_452_46 article Évaluation du risque d'échec des étudiants de première année universitaire selon leur profil Academic failure among first-year university students has long fuelled a large number of debates. Many educational psychologists have tried to understand and then explain it. Many statisticians have tried to foresee it. Our research aims to be able to classify, as early in the academic year as possible, students into three groups: the ?low?risk? students, who have a high probability of succeeding, the ?medium?risk? students, who may succeed thanks to the measures taken by the university, and the ?high?risk? students, who have a high probability of failing (or dropping out). This article describes our methodology and provides the most significant variables correlated to academic success among all the questions asked to 533 first-year university students during the month of November of academic year 2003-04. Finally, it presents the results of the application of discriminant analysis, neural networks and decision trees aimed at predicting those students? academic success. decision tree, neural networks, discriminant analysis, education, prediction http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_452_46 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2006-2-page-39.htm Jean-Philippe Vandamme Nadine Meskens Juan-Francisco Superby

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_443_00612009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_443_0061 article De la transition vers le développement http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_443_0061 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2005-3-page-61.htm François Facchini

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_481_00672009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_481_0067 article Le financement des entités fédérées : état des lieux à la veille d'une future réforme ? A new institutional reform is one of the major stakes for the Belgian citizens and enterprises ahead of the regional election of June 2009. Since the general federal election of June 2007 Belgium has been facing new tensions between the two main Communities. On one side, the Flemish Community has been claiming a ?great? institutional reform that would significantly enlarge the competences and fiscal capacity of Regions and Communities. On the other the French-speaking Community is reluctant, fearing that this could further dismantle the federal State and reduce solidarity. The Flemish position was first made official in the Resolutions of the Flemish Parliament of March 1999. They ask the transfer to Regions or Communities of employment policy, including unemployment benefits, health care and family benefits. These new policies would be funded, at decentralised level, by the transfer to Regions or Communities of the income tax, part of the VAT and of the corporation tax, and by the creation of two or three regional or community systems of social security contributions. In this paper the Flemish claims are evaluated in the frame of the so-called ?magic square? : autonomy ? responsibility ? solidarity ? tax competition. It is argued that the present-day institutional structure fits the theory of fiscal federalism rather well. Further decentralisation would increase autonomy and responsibility and could create, as the Flemish Community claims, more homogeneous sets of competencies. However it would also affect solidarity and tax competition, and increase drastically the complexity of tax and social legislations and thus increase the administrative burden for multi-regional enterprises. JEL Codes ? H1, H4, H7. fiscal federalism, fiscal policy http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_481_0067 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2009-1-page-67.htm Benoît Bayenet Giuseppe Pagano Aurélien Accaputo

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_413_00512009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_413_0051 article Inégalités sociales et santé : le cas des enfants nés hors mariage http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_413_0051 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2002-3-page-51.htm Godelieve Masuy-Stroobant

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_472_00712009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_472_0071 article Comment promouvoir son pays, sa région ou sa ville auprès des investisseurs étrangers ?. Identification des critères d'implantation et de leur importance par l'entremise du marketing public The promotion of a country, a region or a city requires from the public administration in charge of the economic promotion to understand what are the needs of a company that wish to locate in a specific territory. This article identifies the main location criteria foreign investors are supposed to take into account in their location decision and the scores they give to these criteria, based on a study carried out on foreign companies located from one to five years in a specific region of Western Europe. The purpose is thus on the one hand, to provide a check-list to the foreign investors in order to help them comparing different location opportunities, and on the other hand, to provide a set of criteria on which the State may invest in order to meet foreign companies? expectations and attract their investments. economic promotion, public marketing, investments, location criteria http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_472_0071 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2008-2-page-71.htm Benoît Lecat

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_443_00512009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_443_0051 article On the economic impact of Microsoft – Belgium This paper aims at contributing to the literature on the impact of a company on its country? economy. It first puts forward an analysis of the ICT sector worldwide and the importance of the IT sector in Belgium. Second, it aims at validating a method used to calculate the impact of a company like Microsoft, as regard to the turnover and the employees. The impact of Microsoft is both direct and indirect. The direct impact comes from its core activity of selling and licensing software. The indirect impact is the outcome of its Partnership programs with several firms that offer services based on Microsoft? core technology platform. The results show that one euro of sales at Microsoft induces 7.4 euros of sales at its Certified Partners. For each employee of Microsoft, there are about 35 Microsoft-related employees in the Certified Partners companies. Microsoft, economic impact, software http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_443_0051 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2005-3-page-51.htm Bruno Van Pottelsberghe De La Potterie Pierre Galland

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_411_01012009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_411_0101 article De la pertinence et de la légitimité du principe de participation http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_411_0101 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2002-1-page-101.htm Thérèse Snoy

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_431_00052009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_431_0005 article Subventionner : pourquoi, comment et à quel prix ? http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_431_0005 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2004-1-page-5.htm Christian Valenduc

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_464_00052009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_464_0005 article L'énergie : mutations passées et mutations en cours http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_464_0005 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2007-4-page-5.htm Thierry Bréchet

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_423_00472009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_423_0047 article Le cinquième élargissement européen marque-t-il la fin de la transition économique postsocialiste ? This paper elaborates on the criteria derived from economic analysis to fix when the post-socialist economic transition will end up. The fifth European Union enlargement is more a symbol than such a criterion, since the new member states will wait during a second transition period until enjoying the full advantage of EU policies. The criteria of macroeconomic convergence, both nominal and real, exhibit a narrowing gap between Central Eastern Europe and the EU, but they do not enable to delineate the end of transition. Using the level of economic development and the full enforcement of the acquis communautaire by the new member states as the criteria would delay the transition deadline by two to four decades. We stick here to the simultaneous phasing out of economic processes that are typical of the path from centrally planned economy to market economy. These processes are transformational recession, transitional unemployment, « barterisation», and managerial entrenchment. They will disappear later than 2014 ?the first year for the new state members benefiting 100% of the enlargement advantages ?in most transition economies. European enlargement, transition economies, acquis communautaire, economic institutions, convergence, development stage, recession, unemployment, barter economy, managers http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_423_0047 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2003-3-page-47.htm Wladimir Andreff

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_431_00112009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_431_0011 article Subventions et politique de concurrence Transfers to firms and regions are made both at the level of member states (state aids) and at the level of the European Commission (Structural Funds). State aids can take different forms: direct (transfers, tax exemptions) or indirect (e.g., the definition of the reserved area in network industries). There are significant cross-country differences both in the magnitude and the type of instruments used for state aids. The European Commission acts as a de-facto regulator by using competition law to approve state aids. We analyze the rationale of this two step process by pointing out the benefits of decentralizing redistributive decisions to the member states and the costs linked to reduced coordination (the use of structural funds, viewed as a complement to state aids, reduces some of these costs). We then point out that in a second best world objectives of redistribution are not incompatible with competition but that their relationship is less straightforward than with perfect markets; this has consequences for the rationale of having block exemptions, and for the effects of structural funds. State aids, structural funds, second best, redistribution, competition law http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_431_0011 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2004-1-page-11.htm Patrick Legros

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_442_00632009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_442_0063 article La dispersion salariale stimule-t-elle la performance d'une firme ? Workers are used to compare their wages with those of their co-workers. As a result, it is argued that the dispersion of wages within a firm has a significant impact on the individual workers?productivity and thus on the average firm performance. However, there is no consensus about the sign and shape of the relationship between wage dispersion and firm performance. On the one hand, the ¿tournament¿ models (e.g., Lazear and Rosen, 1981) stress the positive influence of wage inequality within a firm on the workers?effort. These models suggest the implementation of a differentiated prize structure and to award the largest prize to the most productive worker. On the other hand, other theories argue for some degree of wage compression within a firm by emphasising the importance of fairness and cooperation among the workforce (e.g., Akerlof and Yellen, 1990 ; Levine, 1991). The aim of this paper is to provide a critical summary of the literature regarding the interaction between intra-firm wage dispersion and firm performance. Particular attention is devoted to the empirical results that have been obtained for the Belgian economy. " Belgium, wage dispersion, firm performance, personnel economics http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_442_0063 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2005-2-page-63.htm Thierry Lallemand Robert Plasman François Rycx

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_424_00452009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_424_0045 article Le dialogue social européen à la croisée des chemins The last ten years, the European social dialogue has much evolved at least if we consider its procedural nature. Firstly, the implementation of the social agreement has led to te adoption of three negotiated legislations. Then, the on-going developement is leading to truly autonomous agreement between the social partners (without the Commission and the Council). social dialogue, Europe, social partners http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_424_0045 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2003-4-page-45.htm Philippe Pochet

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_444_00052009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_444_0005 article Équité territoriale : quelles lectures par les théories du développement durable ? The problematic of sustainable development (SD) is mainly directed on the issues of intergenerational equity. The study of intragenerational equity is less frequent. In this article, we deal with a particular form of intragenerational equity, the territorial equity. Beyond a denunciation of various territorial inequalities, literature about SD grasps the territorial equity through possible territorial transfers of sustainability. The reality of these transfers, and their measurement, depend however on general conceptions of SD. The text examines the analyses which are deduced from these different conceptions. It tries to reveal their respective limits; limits which are even going to question the relevance of territorial dimension facing global stakes. We conclude on possible ways to promote a better territorial equity. sustainable development, equity, territory http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_444_0005 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2005-4-page-5.htm Bertrand Zuindeau

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_424_00052009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_424_0005 article Introduction http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_424_0005 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2003-4-page-5.htm Pierre Reman

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_473_00472009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_473_0047 article A Microeconomic perspective on the production of Science and Higher Education ? L21, L31, L44, O31, O38. universities, scientific publishing, competition, not-for-profit, mixed duopoly http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_473_0047 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2008-3-page-47.htm Alexis Walckiers

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_441_01072009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_441_0107 article Entreprise et innovation : de Schumpeter aux questions actuelles The questions about corporate governance and « affairs » such as Enron, Vivendi... are echoing a series of questions about the firm in the economic theory. Walras and general equilibrium differ from Schumpeterian views and the conflict between shareholders and management was already discussed by Bearle and Means in the 1930s. The regulation of firms in the purpose of corporate social responsibility needs more than ethics. What can be the role of law, trade unions, society in the crisis of confidence of the « agency » and the « principal »? Firm, Schumpeter, capitalism, corporate governance, shareholder value, European social model http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_441_0107 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2005-1-page-107.htm François Martou

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_441_01292009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_441_0129 article Le Fonds Dupriez à l'IRES-UCL Professor L.H. Dupriez (1901-1986), founder of the Economic and Social Research Institute (IRES) and of the Department of Economics at the Catholic University of Louvain, was a leading figure in both the theory and the application of economics in Belgium during the 20th century. His personal archive, the Fonds Dupriez held at the IRES, is a mine of information on the history of economics and economic policy. The inventory (which lists 22 000 documents in 700 files) can be accessed online at http://dupriez.ires.ucl.ac.be. on Dupriez http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_441_0129 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2005-1-page-129.htm Isabelle Cassiers Véronique Fillieux Paul Olbrechts

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_471_00392009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_471_0039 article Concurrence et régulation sur les marchés de plate-forme : une introduction ? L13. competition policy, network externalities, two-sided http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_471_0039 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2008-1-page-39.htm Xavier Wauthy

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_434_01232009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_434_0123 article Transport et justice sociale The current context of increasing social and spatial disparities raises the issue of universal accessibility to the city and its services, in particular for low incomes persons. The issue of inequality with regard to travel, which we have considered first of all at an aggregate level using the usual travel indicators (number of trips, distance covered, travel time budget), essentially comes down to inequality in access to the car. An analysis of recent changes in urban public transport pricing policy and a survey conducted within welfare and social integration agencies in the conurbations of Lyon, Nancy and Nantes have been used to obtain a more accurate qualitative and quantitative picture of transport difficulties. France, daily travel, low income population, inequality, public transport pricing policy, transport assistance http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_434_0123 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2004-4-page-123.htm Dominique Mignot

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_421_00472009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_421_0047 article L'impact des facteurs sociaux sur les dépenses de santé : comment éviter que la recherche de l'efficience ne se fasse au détriment de l'équité et de l'accessibilité aux soins ? The cream skimming? effect in the insurance sector occurs when the insurer has the possibility to select individuals whose risk-adjusted per capita payment he considers to be above the expected cost level. To avoid this possibility of selection, the public authority has to determine a financing formula which takes account of the several determinants of costs, to create homogeneous payment groups. We consider the cream skimming effect at the hospital level, through the relationship between socio-economic status (SES) and inpatient length of stay. The Belgian hospitals? financing of day of stay is based upon pathologies (APDRG) and age. The omission of SES may be an incentive for hospitals to select its patients. Our data set contains data from 60 Belgian hospitals for the year 1995, i.e. 466, 087 individual observations, with fully comparable explanatory variables such as pathology, age, length of stay and income, and also community- based observations on social isolation and quality of accommodation. We test the incidence of social factors on length of stay controlling for age, pathologies, type of hospital (public or private), occupation rate, and type of exit (death or transfer). The main outcome is that length of stay is decreasing with income, and is positively related to social isolation. Length of stay is also higher for unemployed or retired people, and for benefit-recipients. social factors, selection, cream skimming, length of stay, hospital http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_421_0047 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2003-1-page-47.htm Marie-Christine Closon Julian Perelman

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_423_00612009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_423_0061 article Processus de modernisation et de mise à niveau dans l'intégration : le cas de la République tchèque This paper addresses the issues of the real convergence of the Czech economy to the European Union in the pre-accession period. One of the most important aspects of the transformation is without any doubt to create conditions for an overall modernization and catching-up process resulting in closing the economic performance gap between the post-soviet economy and the EU. The ten years of transformation of the Czech economy brought about an uneven modernization and only modest results from this point of view. The macroeconomic data show stagflationary tendencies, and we may speak about some three to four years lost from this point of view. Only after 1999 can we see clear signs of real convergence. http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_423_0061 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2003-3-page-61.htm Milan Sojka

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_413_00072009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_413_0007 article Un nouveau portrait social de la Wallonie http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_413_0007 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2002-3-page-7.htm Bernard Delhausse Sergio Perelman Pierre Pestieau Myriam Sluse

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_432_00712009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_432_0071 article Analyse critique des incitants fiscaux à la R&D des entreprises " This paper provides an in-depth and critical analysis of the current Belgian fiscal regime towaRrdbusiness research and development (R&D) expenditures. The paper clearly shows that what matters is the way a policy decision is implemented. In this respect the current R&D tax credit scheme is subject to several drawbacks. The first one is the very low level of support for « additional» researchers. The second one is the « nominative» aspect of each tax credit : the deduction is allowed for well-defined employees. The third main drawback is the non-permanent characteristic of the tax credit. Once a deduction is allowed for an employee, it must be validated for each subsequent year. These drawbacks are associated with a high level of complexity and a heavy administrative burden, for a weak or zero effectiveness of the scheme. We suggest several avenues for improvement, including a drastic simplification of the policy design and a much higher generosity, especially if the Lisbon objective is to be reached. " D tax credit, fiscal policy, policy design, research expenditures http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_432_0071 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2004-2-page-71.htm Bruno Van Pottelsberghe De La Potterie Esmeralda Megally Steve Nysten

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_461_00752009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_461_0075 article Bruxelles et Wallonie : une lecture en termes de géo-économie urbaine http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_461_0075 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2007-1-page-75.htm Jacques-François Thisse Isabelle Thomas

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_434_01112009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_434_0111 article Les enquêtes sur les comportements de mobilité, et après ? Transport systems economical impacts justify great efforts to collect and analyse data on mobility. Recently, Belgium ran, at last, nation wide and regional travel surveys. Descriptive analyses of survey data are very useful but limited as a comprehensive tool to explain travel demand and its spatial component. We present here the research methods and modelling techniques that will draw more comprehensive information on individual travel behaviours and spatialisations from these rich sets of data. travel survey, transport demand modelling, activity-based methods, spatial analysis http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_434_0111 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2004-4-page-111.htm Cinzia Cirillo Eric Cornélis Jean-Paul Hubert Philippe Toint

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_442_00952009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_442_0095 article Les inégalités salariales de genre : expliquer l'injustifiable ou justifier l'inexplicable In 2001 the gender wage gap in the European union was lying between 6 % and 21 % (ECHP, full-timers). Gender wage gap clearly appears as the core of the inequalities between men and women on the labor market. Using recent results from a research program on the gender wage gap, we show that the large impact of the sectoral and occupational factors in explaining the gender wage gap are not mainly due to differences in characteristics of men and women in employment. We also show that testing the job sharing theory is giving different results for men and women and that the particularities of the industrial relations system largely contribute to explain the size and the national differences in the gender wage gap. The article also stresses the fact that mainstream economic theory remains unable to explain what is usually called the explained part of the gender wage gap as well as the unexplained part. Gender wage gap, feminist economics, human capital, segregation, wage equations http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_442_0095 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2005-2-page-95.htm Danièle Meulders Robert Plasman François Rycx

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_432_00192009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_432_0019 article La « finance comportementale » : un état des lieux After a detailed exposition of the behavioral underpinnings of the standard version of the EMH, this contribution is aiming at characterizing the specificities of « behavioral finance». This new area is explicitly taking into consideration the existence of « noise traders», i.e. market participants who are making decisions based on beliefs and emotions rather than on « rational» valuation based on economic fundamentals. They therefore cause inefficiencies in the pricing system, due to the costs and risks borne by rational « arbitrageurs» who are striving to bring prices back to the fundamental value. Financial markets, efficient market hypothesis, behavioral finance http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_432_0019 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2004-2-page-19.htm Nihat Aktas

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_414_00212009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_414_0021 article La formalisation et la prévision en économie http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_414_0021 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2002-4-page-21.htm Jean Hindriks

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_421_00052009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_421_0005 article Vieillissement de la population et dépenses publiques de soins de santé et de soins aux personnes âgées The aim of this paper is to present projections of public expenditure on health care and long-term care for the elderly, in view of ageing populations, undertaken by the Working Group on Ageing of the European Economic Policy Committee and presented to the ECOFIN Council in 2001. These projections cover almost all of the fifteen EU Member States, and make initial projections of expenditure for the first half of the current century (2000-2050). The expenditure projections were produced using a common methodology, a common demographic projection and commonly agreed macroeconomic assumptions. Projections of health care expenditure and long-term care expenditure were run separately in order to analyse the implications of ageing for the two different expenditure components. In summary, the projections reveal that the impact of ageing for public finances, from increased public expenditure on health and long-term care, is likely to be significant in the first half of the current century. The results of the projections are to be understood as reflecting the impact of future demographic changes on overall levels of health and long-term care expenditure ? one way of interpreting the projections is to treat them as a picture of what expenditure levels would be today if we had the demographic com- position of future years. As such, these numbers are subject to both upside and downside risks. Upside risks stem from the fact that key non-demographic drivers of health and long-term care expenditure are not explicitly modelled in the projections. Moreover, assumptions for the developments of expenditures per head are mostly lower than those that would be predicted from long-term historical trends. Downside risks stem from the fact that the relationship between age and health status, and thus age and care needs, is likely to change over time. ageing, health care, sustainability, demography, long-term projections http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_421_0005 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2003-1-page-5.htm Henri Bogaert Mandeep Bains

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_433_00372009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_433_0037 article La mixité des ressources dans les entreprises sociales d'insertion The paper analyses how the work integration social enterprises (WISE) of the Walloon Region mix different types of resources and, in that way, how they are embedded in different economic spheres. Indeed, according to Polanyi, we can distinguish three types of resources, each one having its own economic logic: the market resources, the redistributive resources and the resources coming from reciprocity. In order to pursue an objective of creation of collective benefits through an ongoing activity of production of goods and services, the work integration social enterprises hybridize these three types of economic resources, but in variable ways according to their structure of objectives. Social enterprise, resource, market, redistribution, reciprocity http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_433_0037 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2004-3-page-37.htm Andreia Lemaître Marthe Nyssens

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_401_00252009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_401_0025 article Capital humain, emploi et salaire en Belgique et dans ses régions http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_401_0025 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2001-1-page-25.htm Sébastien Laurent

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_462_00752009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_462_0075 article Employer Size and the Structure of Wages: A Critical Survey : J21, J31 wage structure, employer size http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_462_0075 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2007-2-page-75.htm Thierry Lallemand François Rycx

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_401_01832009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_401_0183 article Assurance participation et revenu de participation. Deux manières d'infléchir l'état social actif http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_401_0183 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2001-1-page-183.htm Yannick Vanderborght Philippe Van Parijs

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_441_00052009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_441_0005 article « Voie large ou voie étroite de l'économie politique ? » : une interrogation toujours pertinente Toward the end of his academic career Professor L.H. Dupriez, whose memory this volume honors, became increasingly concerned about the way in which the discipline of economics was developing. He rejected a definition of the subject too constrained by methodological strictures and encouraged his contemporaries to adopt a broader conception of economics. Today, both students and the general public are posing similar questions. What is the future of economic thinking? Are economists capable of being both rigorous and relevant, of clarifying the choices that must be made by policy makers, and of contributing to an understanding of the changes that are taking place in our society? http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_441_0005 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2005-1-page-5.htm Isabelle Cassiers

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_441_00492009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_441_0049 article « Voie large ou voie étroite de l'économie politique ? » : une interrogation toujours pertinente This paper argues that, since contemporary economic theory is part of the broader endeavor of an individualistic sociology of rational choice, it should impose on itself at least one consistency criterion: the economists working using that paradigm should explain in what sense it was a rational choice for them to become rational-choice economists. Performing this test throws up some interesting properties, as is shown in the paper – not the least, that if (as is highly likely) an individual turns out to have become a rational-choice economist by applying axiological or critical rationality, he ought to endow his model-agents with a similar capacity to formulate non-instrumental goals and to reflect on the society they desire. This, however, undermines the pretense of rational-choice economics to stand as a fluent, “neutral” language hovering above the landscape of theories and paradigms. More historical and political relativity is called for. Epistemology of economics, rational choice theory, political economy, plurality of paradigms, economics and sociology, critique of economics http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_441_0049 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2005-1-page-49.htm Christian Arnsperger

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_421_00712009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_421_0071 article L'avenir de notre politique de santé This paper opens with the statement that the Belgian health care system finds itself nowadays in a paradoxical position as the favourable appreciation of its performance and high quality level resulting from both international comparisons and recent national enquiries among the Belgian population on the one hand, and the significant growth of the compulsory health assurance budgets over the past few years on the other hand, strikingly contrast with far less positive aspects of the actual situa- tion mainly reflected by the ever increasing burden of health care costs to be supported by patients, by serious accessibility problems for some categories of the population and by an overall feeling of dissatisfaction among health care providers. Pointing out the main issues the system has to cope with in four different key areas (financing, health care structures, administrative structures, institutional structures), the paper formulates a series of reflections and proposals in order to stimulate the debate. Health care system, Accessibility, Solidarity, Financing, Compulsory health care insurance, Complementary insurance, Health care organizations, Private insurance sector, Prevention, Privatisation, De- http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_421_0071 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2003-1-page-71.htm Michel Jadot

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_413_00052009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_413_0005 article Introduction http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_413_0005 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2002-3-page-5.htm Louis Gevers

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_481_00052009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_481_0005 article Introduction.. Pourquoi ce numéro spécial de Reflets et perspectives de la vie économique ? http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_481_0005 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2009-1-page-5.htm Florence Thys Marcus Dejardin

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_423_00052009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_423_0005 article Qui a peur de l'élargissement ? A large majority (61%) of the citizens of the ten accession countries do support the entrance of their nation into the European Union, to be compared to a smaller majority (51%) among EU member countries. Such support somewhat hides many fears as expressed in the opinion polls or in the low turnout during the accession referenda. This article summarizes and challenges these fears. European history since World War II as well as the history of the previous enlargements to include rather poor countries demonstrate that on the economic and monetary side a rather rapid and successful catch-up process can be expected, helped by the structural reforms that were quickly and firmly introduced into the « Ten», monitored by the European Commission. On the political side, there is no evidence that the citizen and their governments would be less European than those of the « old» Europe. Nevertheless progress toward a political union may be rendered more difficult if coherent institutional reforms are not introduced within the EU. It may be that the main challenge of the EU will not be enlargement, but transatlantic relations. The American unilateralism, if pursued, would certainly require a rapid economic catch up of the « Ten», as well as their full participation in the Euro to strengthen the European voice in the world. enlargement, economic and political fears, euro, Marshall Plan, cohesion funds, American hegemony http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_423_0005 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2003-3-page-5.htm Thierry Vissol

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_424_00912009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_424_0091 article La grève : rôles des acteurs sociaux et étatiques The strike, mode of pressure and expression of workers in conflict, undergoes on a historical development from prohibition to an institutionalization based on mistrust. As a phenomenon infra and beyond the law, it challenges the social partners and the public authority inside the State. In Belgium, facing an increasing recourse to tribunals in matters of collective labor disputes, these various actors were brought to take position. The social partners have concluded a gentleman? agreement. This one does not close the debate relating to the need or not for changing the law about the right of strike. A framework exists. It is given mainly by the European social Charter. The definition of the strike, its finalities and its actors includes traps and dangers. Any approach of this matter is used for taking into account the fact that the strike constitutes a indisputable component of the social and economic democracy. strike, right to strike, trade unions, judge's interventions, social dialogue, social and economic democracy http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_424_0091 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2003-4-page-91.htm Gilbert Demez

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_401_01172009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_401_0117 article Allocations, sanctions et formations : leur impact sur la formation des salaires et le taux de sortie du chômage http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_401_0117 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2001-1-page-117.htm Eric Dor Bruno Van der Linden

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_442_00112009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_442_0011 article Les performances des entreprises selon leur situation à l'égard des 35 heures* In order to lower unemployment, the French government decided in 1998 to reduce the working time to 35 hours a week for full time workers. This measure made the firms change their choices with respect to employment, labour duration and organisation, and production. This article evaluates ex post effects of these different choices on firms performance. A more than 100, 000 firms sample built from different datasets has therefore been designed. Firms?decision to shift to 35 hours is not the result of a random process. Effects related to the measure and to own firms growth caracteristics have therefore to be distinguished when considering firms performance evolution. The non parametric method to correct for selection bias allows it. Econometric results stress on the fact that the shift to 35 hours led to a significant employment increase of at least 5 points, without worsening firms economic situation as expected from many ex ante theoretical points of view. Working time reduction, firm performance, productivity, job creations, JEL L23, C34, C35 http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_442_0011 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2005-2-page-11.htm Matthieu Bunel

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_411_00052009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_411_0005 article Casser le mythe de Cassandre http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_411_0005 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2002-1-page-5.htm Nadine Gouzée

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_452_892009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_452_89 article Enseignement supérieur et mobilité, l'interpellation du passager clandestin In this short paper, we suggest that internationalisation of Higher Education, pushed a.o. by the so called ?Bologna? process, call for rethinking the role of the State. So, it could evolve from a mission of financing education on its territory ? according to a principle of school territoriality ? to a mission of financing studies by its residents ? according to a principle of residential territoriality ? through voucher and/or contingent loans, of taking responsibility for the competition between institutions and of signalling quality of those institutions on its own territory and abroad. public finance, higher education, free-riding, voucher, contingent loans http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_452_89 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2006-2-page-83.htm Marcel Gérard

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_473_00552009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_473_0055 article Industry Wage Differentials Rent Sharing and Gender in Belgium ? J16, J31, J71. industry wage differentials, rent sharing, gender wage gap http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_473_0055 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2008-3-page-55.htm Ilan Tojerow

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_472_00052009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_472_0005 article Introduction. Quelques morceaux choisis de la recherche en marketing http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_472_0005 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2008-2-page-5.htm Nadia Sinigaglia

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_413_00972009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_413_0097 article Réussir un projet d'intégration sociale : l'expérience des Zones d'Action Prioritaire http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_413_0097 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2002-3-page-97.htm Jean-Pierre Pourtois Christine Barras

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_432_00052009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_432_0005 article Introduction http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_432_0005 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2004-2-page-5.htm Robert Cobbaut

oai:RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_412_00632009-05-21RePEc:cai:rpvedb

RePEc:cai:rpvedb:rpve_412_0063 article Globalisation et sécurité sociale http://www.cairn.info/load_pdf.php?ID_ARTICLE=RPVE_412_0063 http://www.cairn.info/revue-reflets-et-perspectives-de-la-vie-economique-2002-2-page-63.htm Paul de Grauwe