2013-05-21T16:19:54Z http://oai.repec.openlib.org/oai.php

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:13:y:2006:i:01:p:81-862009-04-05RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article It is argued that in the long wavelength limit of electromagnetic, far infrared, field optical response of an ultrafine metal particle threaded by uniform magnetic field can be properly modeled by equations of semiclassical electron theory in terms of the surface inertial-wave-like oscillations of free electrons driven by Lorentz restoring force. The detailed calculation of the frequency of size-independent gyromagnetic plasmon resonances computed as a function of multipole degree of electron cyclotron oscillations is presented. This spectrum is derived in juxtaposition with the canonical Mie's spectral formula for the surface plasmon resonances caused by the Coulomb-force-driven plasma oscillations of conduction electrons. Electron cyclotron oscillations, gyromagnetic plasmons, metal nanoparticles, 36.40.Gk, 78.76.Bf 01 2006 13 Surface Review and Letters 81 86 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X06007937 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X06007937 text/html SERGEY BASTRUKOV Department of Physics and Center for Complex Systems, National Central University, Chung-li 320, Taiwan, ROC; Laboratory of Informational Technologies, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia PIK-YIN LAI Department of Physics and Center for Complex Systems, National Central University, Chung-li 320, Taiwan, ROC

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:15:y:2008:i:06:p:775-7802009-04-05RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Possibility of cubic structures in small manganese (Mn) clusters has been studied using the linear combination of Gaussian orbitals (LCGO) method. Local spin density approximation is adopted for the exchange correlation potential. Both high-spin and low-spin states are found for Mn13 and Mn19 clusters with the face-centered cubic symmetry; however, no equilibrium lattice constant could be found. For Mn9 and Mn15 clusters with the body-centered cubic symmetry, only high-spin states are found. No equilibrium lattice constant could be found for bcc Mn9; however, a weak possibility of bcc structure in Mn15 is found. The calculated magnetic moment of Mn15 is, however, found to be too large compared with the experimental result. Electronic structure, magnetic moment, manganese cluster 06 2008 15 Surface Review and Letters 775 780 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X08012141 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X08012141 text/html KEEYUNG LEE klee@inha.ac.kr Department of Physics, Inha University, Incheon, 402-751, Korea

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:12:y:2005:i:01:p:115-1212009-04-05RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article For the evaporation of the pure liquid under the condition of constant temperature and constant external pressure, the phase equilibrium of the liquid vapor in the bubble and the liquid outside the bubble is always a kind of stable equilibrium whether there is air or not in the bubble. If there is no air in the bubble, the bubble and liquid cannot coexist in the mechanical equilibrium when the vapor pressure of the liquid in the bubble is less than or equal to the external pressure; the bubble and liquid can coexist in an unstable equilibrium of mechanics when the vapor pressure of the liquid is greater than the external pressure. If there is air in the bubble, the bubble and liquid can coexist in a stable equilibrium of mechanics when the vapor pressure of the liquid is less than or equal to the external pressure; the bubble and liquid can coexist in a stable and an unstable equilibrium of mechanics when the vapor pressure of the liquid is greater than the external pressure and less than a certain pressure pm; the bubble and liquid cannot coexist in the mechanical equilibrium when the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to or greater than pm. Liquid evaporation, stability of equilibrium, overheating 01 2005 12 Surface Review and Letters 115 121 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X05006846 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X05006846 text/html SHIMIN ZHANG College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:15:y:2008:i:01:p:91-962009-04-05RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Ferromagnetic (Ni, Co, Fe) nanowires were electrodeposited using AAO template. XRD analysis indicated that the ferromagnetic wires had preferred orientation. For longer deposition time, the nanowires with textured structure changed to single crystal. The investigation on the growth mechanism showed that in the initial stage, the nanowires were polycrystalline. Our TEM analysis revealed the transition from polycrystalline structure to single crystal from the bottom to the top. The growth mechanisms are probably due to the competition growth of the adjacent grains and the confinement of growth in the nano-sized hole of the AAO template. AAO template, Co, Ni, Fe nanowires 01 2008 15 Surface Review and Letters 91 96 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X08011032 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X08011032 text/html S. THONGMEE Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore Y. W. MA Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore J. DING msedingj@nus.edu.sg Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore J. B. YI Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore G. SHARMA Institute of Microelectronics (IME), 11 Science Park Road, Singapore 117685, Singapore

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:13:y:2006:i:01:p:35-432009-04-05RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Ti and its alloys are considered to be very promising in biological material field. But their biological activity and corrosion resistance in body fluid still need to be improved. As a novel technique for surface treatment, Micro-arc oxidation (MAO) is attracting interest from those who want to improve their implant properties through surface modification. This paper reviewed the application of MAO on biomedical Ti-alloys. The structure characteristic such as surface and cross-section micrographs, phase components, and element distribution were analyzed. The mechanical and biological properties of MAO films were further discussed on this basis. The effects of current density, voltage, and electrolyte on the structure and properties of the films were summarized. Micro-arc oxidation, biomaterial, microstructure, property 01 2006 13 Surface Review and Letters 35 43 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X06007792 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X06007792 text/html QING DONG School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Shandong Ji'nan 250061, P. R. China CHUANZHONG CHEN czchen@sdu.edu.cn School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Shandong Ji'nan 250061, P. R. China DIANGANG WANG School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Shandong Ji'nan 250061, P. R. China QIANMAO JI Shandong Information Technology College, Shandong Weifang 261041, P. R. China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:13:y:2006:i:06:p:809-8142009-04-05RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Based on solid arguments, it was demonstrated that: (i) the fractality scale detected during electrochemical measurements depends only on the yardstick length, i.e., the diffusion layer width, and not on the size of the diffusing electroactive species; (ii) Fractal analysis cannot be performed by electrochemical methods at scales smaller than 100 nm, since the thickness of Helmholtz double layer is comparable with the diffusion layer width, and the diffusion layer width cannot be assumed to act as yardstick length. Indeed, it should be taken into account that the yardstick length is equal to "diffusion layer width + Helmholtz double layer." On the other hand, thin diffusion layers on rough surfaces lead to 3D diffusion; thus, the fundamental electrochemistry is no longer valid. In general, fractal analyses by electrochemical methods has severe limitations, which should be taken into account before applying it for different cases. In other words, surface analysis by this approach just senses microscale roughness, and ignores nanostructure. Fractal surface, yardstick length, diffusion layer, morphology, nanostructure 06 2006 13 Surface Review and Letters 809 814 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X0600889X application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X0600889X text/html ALI EFTEKHARI eftekhari@merc.ac.ir Laboratory of Electrochemistry, Material & Energy Research Center, PO Box 14155-4777, Tehran, Iran

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:12:y:2005:i:03:p:351-3542009-04-05RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Porous silicon structures were observed in laser-assisted etching in a TMAH solution. The porous structures significantly increase the active surface areas and therefore are of great interest to the pharmaceutical and fine chemicals industry, in the areas of high throughput drug discovery, reaction optimization and process development. Laser-assisted etching of silicon using a Nd:YAG laser with a TMAH solution is rarely studied but desirable as the solution is nontoxic. To the best of our knowledge, the porous structures directly produced this way have not been reported previously. In this paper, we discuss our experimental results and the possible mechanism of formation of the porous structures. A dummy micro-reactor was fabricated with selective porous surface structures to demonstrate its potential industrial applications. Laser-assisted etching, porous silicon, laser chemical processing 03 2005 12 Surface Review and Letters 351 354 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X05007098 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X05007098 text/html H. Y. ZHENG hyzheng@simtech.a-star.edu.sg Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, Singapore 638075, Singapore J. C. CHAI School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore Y. C. LAM School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore H. ZHU Data Storage Institute, Singapore 117608, Singapore

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:14:y:2007:i:02:p:171-1772009-04-05RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Titanium Carbonitride (TiCN), a new high hardness and wear-resistant material, has been applied widely in many fields. TiCN coating was first fabricated using reactive plasma spraying (RPS) technology in the reactive chamber that was filled with nitrogen and acetylene (N2 and C2H2) in this study. The microstructure and the phase composition of the coatings were analyzed by SEM and XRD. More chemical information of surface was analyzed by XPS. The Vickers microhardness of TiCN coating is 1659.11 HV100g, and the cross-section of the coating shows a conspicuous phenomenon of indentation size effect. TiCN, reactive plasma spraying, coating, microhardness 02 2007 14 Surface Review and Letters 171 177 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X07009220 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X07009220 text/html LIN ZHU zl508@126.com School of Material Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, PR China JINING HE School of Material Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, PR China DIANRAN YAN School of Material Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, PR China YANCHUN DONG School of Material Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, PR China LISONG XIAO School of Material Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, PR China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:14:y:2007:i:04:p:833-8362009-04-05RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article The frequency tuning can be achieved by integrating SrTiO3 (STO) thin films into high-temperature superconducting YBa2Cu3Oy (YBCO) devices and tuning the dielectric constant of the STO films by an electrical bias. We have fabricated epitaxial STO thin films on superconducting YBCO. By the combination of various surface characterizations such as scanning probe microscope, structural and dielectric measurements, we attempted to understand the fundamental mechanisms of dielectric properties in STO thin films. Substrate surface and structural properties of the heterostructure were studied. We have measured the temperature dependence of dielectric constant and loss tangent of STO thin films. The system exhibits 41% dielectric constant tuning over a bias of 4 V at low temperature. Oxide thin films, dielectric, superconductor, surface 04 2007 14 Surface Review and Letters 833 836 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X07010123 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X07010123 text/html J. H. HAO apjhhao@polyu.edu.hk Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, P. R. China J. GAO Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:15:y:2008:i:04:p:503-5082009-04-05RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article The radio frequency (RF) argon plasma induced surface modification of paper revealed novel surface characteristics and substantially changed surface topography. It was found that RF-argon glow discharge affects surface properties resulting in photo-degradation and chain-scission mechanism on paper network structure. High-power and extended treatment time caused increasing elemental carbon, while decreasing the oxygen concentration on paper surface. However, increased hydroxyls and the creation of new carbonyl functionalities were verified by trifluoroacetoanhydride and pentafluorophenylhydrazine in vapor-phase derivatization reactions. Paper, oxidation, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, cellulose, argon, nonreactive plasma, surface reactions 04 2008 15 Surface Review and Letters 503 508 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X08011652 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X08011652 text/html HALIL TURGUT SAHIN sahin@orman.sdu.edu.tr Suleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forest Products Engineering, 32260, Isparta-Turkey

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:14:y:2007:i:05:p:991-9972009-04-05RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article New compounds bearing two phosphate groups and two long chain (dodecyl) were prepared by two-step reaction: (i) phosphorylation of dodecanol with pyrophosphoric acid, (ii) reaction of dodecyl phosphate with N(CH3)4OH and 1,6-dibromo hexane. The effect of reaction variables like time and molar ratio of reactants on yield has also been reported. The 1:2:0.5 molar ratio of reactants (dodecyl phosphate, N(CH3)4OH, and Br(CH2)6 Br, respectively) and 3 h duration resulted to give maximum yield of anionic gemini surfactants. The structure of synthesized surfactant was investigated by modern analytical techniques, viz. FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR.Amphipathic disodium phosphates were obtained by neutralization of free acids with sodium hydroxide and their surface active properties in aqueous solution were measured. These disodium phosphates possessed 77.3% anionic content and showed good water solubility. Foaming properties and wetting ability were also evaluated. Anionic gemini, bis(phosphate), anionic content, wetting, foaming 05 2007 14 Surface Review and Letters 991 997 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X07010500 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X07010500 text/html DIPTI SHUKLA Department of Oil and Paint Technology, Harcourt Butler Technological Institute, Kanpur 208002, India V. K. TYAGI Department of Oil and Paint Technology, Harcourt Butler Technological Institute, Kanpur 208002, India

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:14:y:2007:i:02:p:179-1842009-04-05RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article As the most favorable technology, plasma spray has been used to produce the hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings with the desired phase, high crystallinity, adequate porosity, and good biocompatibility. The characteristics of the HA coating are affected by many variables of the fabricating process, such as the starting particle size, spraying distance, gas flow rate, and electric arc power, etc. This paper reviews the effect of the plasma spraying parameters on the morphology and microstructure of the HA coating, and introduces several typical HA coatings fabricated with different plasma spraying parameters. Hydroxyapatite, coating, plasma spray, parameters 02 2007 14 Surface Review and Letters 179 184 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X07009232 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X07009232 text/html AI-JUAN WANG biosdu@sdu.edu.cn School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250061, P. R. China YU-PENG LU biosdu@sdu.edu.cn School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250061, P. R. China CHUAN-ZHONG CHEN biosdu@sdu.edu.cn School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250061, P. R. China RUI-XUE SUN biosdu@sdu.edu.cn School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250061, P. R. China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:12:y:2005:i:05:p:741-7442009-04-05RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Cracks-free wear resistance coatings are fabricated by laser surface nitriding pure titanium and Ti-6Al-4V in an open system. The titanium nitrides which are formed in situ in the top layers of the samples are undeveloped dendritic, and thus reduce the possibility of the crack formation in the coatings during laser processing. The test results show that the nitride layers have higher microhardness and more resistant to sliding wear compared to the as-received sample. Laser nitriding, titanium alloy, wear resistance 05 2005 12 Surface Review and Letters 741 744 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X05007657 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X05007657 text/html Y. S. TIAN School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250061, P. R. China C. Z. CHEN felix@sdu.edu.cn School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250061, P. R. China L. X. CHEN Shandong Electronic Devices Co. Ltd., Ji'nan 250161, P. R. China Q. H. HUO School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250061, P. R. China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:14:y:2007:i:05:p:985-9892009-04-05RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been used to study the hollow cavity formation mechanisms of the L-arginine phosphate monohydrate (LAP) crystals. Hollow cavities are formed through three modes. During 2D nucleation growth, initially formed 2D cavity prevents the growth around it layer-by-layer and causes the formation of 3D cavity with stepped-walls inside. Interaction of the steps advancing along different directions generated by different dislocation sources is also responsible for the appearance of hollow cavities. When the steps overrun impurities incorporated into the kinks, triangular pits among regular elementary steps come into being. Atomic force microscopy, hollow cavities, LAP crystals 05 2007 14 Surface Review and Letters 985 989 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X07010457 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X07010457 text/html Y. L. GENG ylgeng@qust.edu.cn College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Shandong, Qingdao 266042, China ZH. H. SUN College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Shandong, Qingdao 266042, China D. XU State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, and Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong, Jinan 250100, China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:14:y:2007:i:01:p:1-42009-04-05RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article The technique of Patterson analysis has proven to be a powerful tool in the deduction of structures, both in 2- and 3-D. Using the standard formulation of the Patterson function, the process has been benchmarked for the Helium Atom Scattering (HAS) experiment. Analytically expanding the Patterson function reveals a straightforward Fourier series, whose coefficients are explicit functions of the surface corrugation and the momentum exchange during scattering. Examples based on this formulation reveal that in surface scattering experiments, the Patterson formulation may not be directly interpreted as a map of the inter-nuclear distances, but as a function of surface corrugation and perpendicular momentum exchange. Patterson function, diffraction pattern analysis, surface scattering, helium atom scattering, molecular beam techniques 01 2007 14 Surface Review and Letters 1 4 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X07008986 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X07008986 text/html IG. SHUTTLEWORTH shuttleworth.ian@gmail.com Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway NJ 08854, USA

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:14:y:2007:i:04:p:677-6802009-04-05RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article The segregation energy of diluted species in a matrix can be calculated by first principles. These calculations are generally very computational demanding. The existing empirical models which use the difference in surface tensions to predict the segregation energy are limited, because they do not take the surface orientation of the matrix into account. In this investigation a model was developed which can estimate the segregation energies of segregating species in a binary system. The model makes use of the sublimation energies and takes the orientation of the surface into account. The model shows that the driving force for segregation is not the difference in surface tensions (between the surface tension of the pure element and the surface tension of the element in the alloy) but the difference in surface energies. The results of the calculations were used to simulate the Ag and Sb segregation to the (111) surface of copper. Segregation energy, binary systems, Cu, Ag, Sb, surface orientation, surface tension 04 2007 14 Surface Review and Letters 677 680 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X07010068 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X07010068 text/html W. D. ROOS rooswd.sci@mail.uovs.ac.za Department of Physics, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa G. J. OLIVIER Department of Physics, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa J. J. TERBLANS Department of Physics, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:12:y:2005:i:02:p:161-1652009-04-05RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Composite coatings are fabricated by laser cladding of titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V with graphite and silicon mixed powders. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) indicate that the coatings mainly consist of pre-eutectic TiC and eutectic Ti5Si3 compounds. Test results show that the coatings exhibit a higher microhardness and a lower friction coefficient compared with the as-received sample. EPMA micrographs show that the compounds' morphology in the top zone of the coatings is different from that in the transitional zone. Laser cladding, titanium alloy, carbides and silicides, friction coefficient 02 2005 12 Surface Review and Letters 161 165 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X05006883 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X05006883 text/html Y. S. TIAN School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, P. R. China C. Z. CHEN felix@sdu.edu.cn School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, P. R. China D. Y. WANG School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, P. R. China Q. H. HUO School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, P. R. China T. Q. LEI School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:12:y:2005:i:03:p:397-4002009-04-05RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Quaternary SiCAlN nanoparticle films were produced by reactive rf magnetron co-sputtering technique with a chemically pure SiC and an Al target under low temperature. The crystalline structure, surface morphology, and element content of the films were studied in terms of sputtering parameters. The element content and chemical states of SiCAlN films were measured by means of energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDX) and X-ray photoelectronic spectroscopy (XPS). Surface morphology of SiCAlN films was investigated by FE-SEM. Nanoparticle film, co-sputtering, surface morphology, low temperature 03 2005 12 Surface Review and Letters 397 400 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X05007153 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X05007153 text/html SHIYONG HUANG Physics Department of Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, P. R. China; Plasma Source and Application Center, NIE, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, Singapore 637616, Singapore S. XU Plasma Source and Application Center, NIE, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, Singapore 637616, Singapore JIDONG LONG Plasma Source and Application Center, NIE, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, Singapore 637616, Singapore ZHENHONG DAI Physics Department of Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, P. R. China YUANPING SUN Physics Department of Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, P. R. China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:14:y:2007:i:06:p:1025-10322009-04-05RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article The hyperbranched aliphatic polyester grafted activated carbon (HAPE-AC), was successfully prepared by the simple "one-pot" method. The surface functional groups of commercial activated carbon particles were homogenized to hydroxyl groups by being oxidized with nitric acid and then reduced with lithium tetrahydroaluminate (LiAlH4) at first. Secondly, the surface hydroxyl groups were used as the active sites for the solution polycondensation of the AB2 monomer, 2, 2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid (bis-MPA), with the catalysis of p-toluenesulfonic acid (p-TSA). The homogenization of the surface groups of the activated carbon particles and the graft polymerization of the hyperbranched aliphatic polyester were investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) technique. The products were also characterized with Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The competitive adsorption properties of the products toward the heavy metal ions (Cu(II), Hg(II), Zn(II), and Cd(II)) also proved the translations of the surface groups. Activated carbon, homogenization of surface groups, hyperbranched aliphatic polyester, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, adsorption 06 2007 14 Surface Review and Letters 1025 1032 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X07010585 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X07010585 text/html PENG LIU pliu@lzu.edu.cn Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China LIUXUE ZHANG College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450007, China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:13:y:2006:i:05:p:711-7212009-04-05RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Microscale to nanoscale carbon and carbon nitride particles and films were synthesized by using plasma discharge sputtering deposition techniques. Experimental results indicated that sizes and distributions of the particles were directly determined by both discharge voltage and bias voltage. Sputtering deposition at high discharge voltages yielded large sizes (micrometer order) of particles with a high disorder of distribution. Whereas sputtering deposition at low discharge voltages yielded nanoscale of particles that uniformly distributed on the surface of the substrate. Ar laser beam in combination with an optical microscope has been used, enabling one to remove these particles and to achieve preferred distributions of the particles. Low growth rate of the films was found at the low voltage discharge sputtering deposition. Bias voltage was employed during the experiments in order to speed up the growth rate and increase nitrogen content inside the carbon nitride film. With an increase of the bias voltage up to 5 kV, nanoparticles appeared in two-dimensional, sunflower type of cluster distributions. Typical G, D, and C=N bands in the Raman spectra of the samples were identified. Sputtering deposition, carbon nanoparticles, size, distribution 05 2006 13 Surface Review and Letters 711 721 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X06008700 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X06008700 text/html P. X. FENG pfeng@cnnet.upr.edu University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, San Juan, PR 00931, Puerto Rico

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:13:y:2006:i:05:p:687-6952009-04-05RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Pulsed laser deposition (PLD), which is a novel technique in producing thin films in the recent years, shows unique advantages for the deposition of ferroelectric films. Effects of technical parameters on the pulsed laser deposited ferroelectric films, including substrate temperature, oxygen pressure, post-annealing, buffer layer, target composition, energy density, wavelength, target-to-substrate distance, and laser pulse rate, are systematically reviewed in order to optimize these parameters. Processing-microstructure-property relationships of ferroelectric films by PLD are discussed. The application prospect is pointed as well. Ferroelectric film, pulsed laser deposition, parameters 05 2006 13 Surface Review and Letters 687 695 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X06008669 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X06008669 text/html YAFAN ZHAO School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250061, P. R. China; Shandong Architecture University, Ji'nan 250014, P. R. China CHUANZHONG CHEN czchen@sdu.edu.cn School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250061, P. R. China MINGDA SONG School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250061, P. R. China JIE MA School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250061, P. R. China DIANGANG WANG School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250061, P. R. China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:14:y:2007:i:04:p:817-8202009-04-05RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article SiC coating for carbon/carbon composites was prepared by pack cementation method. The effects of coating process on the microstructure and the mechanical properties of C/C composites were analyzed by SEM and three-point bending test, respectively. As the infiltrated Si improved the interfaces bonding during the coating process, the flexural strength and flexural modulus of SiC-coated carbon/carbon composites were both increased by about 10% than the naked C/C composites. In addition, the mechanism of the change of failure mode of SiC coated C/C composites and naked C/C composites was addressed. Carbon/carbon composites, coating, SiC, mechanical properties 04 2007 14 Surface Review and Letters 817 820 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X07010317 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X07010317 text/html MIN HUANG C/C Composites Technology Research Center, Key Laboratory of Ultrarhigh Temperature Composites, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an Shaanxi 710072, People's Republic of China KE-ZHI LI likezhi@nwpu.edu.cn C/C Composites Technology Research Center, Key Laboratory of Ultrarhigh Temperature Composites, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an Shaanxi 710072, People's Republic of China HE-JUN LI C/C Composites Technology Research Center, Key Laboratory of Ultrarhigh Temperature Composites, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an Shaanxi 710072, People's Republic of China QIAN-GANG FU C/C Composites Technology Research Center, Key Laboratory of Ultrarhigh Temperature Composites, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an Shaanxi 710072, People's Republic of China GUO-DONG SUN C/C Composites Technology Research Center, Key Laboratory of Ultrarhigh Temperature Composites, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an Shaanxi 710072, People's Republic of China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:14:y:2007:i:02:p:283-2912009-04-05RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Pulsed laser deposition (PLD), which is a novel technique in producing thin films in the recent years, shows unique advantages for the deposition of bioactive films. Research states of the technical parameters of the pulsed laser deposited bioactive films, including substrate temperature, atmosphere pressure, energy density, wavelength, post-annealing, target, deposition rate, and thickness of the films, are systematically reviewed. Processing-microstructure-property relationships of bioactive films by pulsed laser deposition are discussed. The application prospect is pointed as well. Bioactive film, pulsed laser deposition, technical parameters 02 2007 14 Surface Review and Letters 283 291 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X07009372 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X07009372 text/html YAFAN ZHAO School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, P. R. China; Shandong Architecture University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China CHUANZHONG CHEN czchen@sdu.edu.cn School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, P. R. China MINGDA SONG School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, P. R. China JIAN LIU School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, P. R. China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:15:y:2008:i:06:p:763-7682009-04-05RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Patterning materials on hydrophobic polymer substrates have extensive applications in fabricating flexible devices at low cost, while the low transfer efficiency encumbers its advance. This paper provides a facile route to transfer materials onto hydrophobic polymer substrates with high efficiency by operating in organic solvent atmosphere. Under the assistance of condensed organic solvent layer on the substrate, bovine serum albumin (BSA) are desirably transferred onto untreated hydrophobic polymer substrates, such as poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), polystyrene (PS), and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) as a proof-of-concept experiment. Moreover, the combination of this method with stepwise contraction and adsorption nanolithography (SCAN) was also demonstrated as an alternative way to further miniaturize patterns prepared by other methods. Transfer printing, hydrophobic polymer, high efficiency, organic solvent 06 2008 15 Surface Review and Letters 763 768 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X08012153 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X08012153 text/html HAIJUN YANG Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China; Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China PENG WANG Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China; Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China HUABIN WANG Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China XINYAN WANG Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China; Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China FUCHUN ZHANG Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China; Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China BIN LI Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China HAI LI lihai@sinap.ac.cn Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:14:y:2007:i:04:p:751-7542009-04-05RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article The microstructures in the YBa2Cu3Oy films grown on Eu2CuO4/Y-ZrO2(YSZ) buffered silicon were studied by means of transmission electron microscopy. Our effort was emphasized on the influence of the interfacial microstructures on the formation and epitaxy of the grown layer. It was found that a native Si-oxide layer ~ 5 nm was formed at the boundary between YSZ and silicon. Such an intermediate layer should be formed after the initial formation of the grown YSZ layer as the epitaxy of YSZ still remain. The epitaxy can be kept through all layers without the formation of big grain boundaries. No amorphous layers and secondary phases were observed at the interfaces of YSZ/ECO and YBCO/ECO. The results demonstrate that the crystallinity and the epitaxy of YBCO have been greatly improved by the bi-layer buffer. 04 2007 14 Surface Review and Letters 751 754 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X07010196 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X07010196 text/html J. GAO jugao@hku.hk Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong E. G. FU Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong Z. LUO Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong Z. WANG Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100080, China D. P. YU Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100080, China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:14:y:2007:i:04:p:571-5752009-04-05RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article In order to prevent cotton wrinkling, hydroxyl groups in the cellulose chain of cotton are partially crosslinked to keep the chain fixed relative to each other with dimethylol dihydroxy ethylene urea (DMDHEU). However, DMDHEU suffers disadvantages of reduced fabric strength and releasing of free formaldehyde. Recently, 1,2,3,4-butane tetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) has been explored as a new wrinkle-resistant agent providing similar performance to that of DMDHEU. In BTCA finishing, catalyst of inorganic phosphorus-containing acids was used but such phosphorus compounds have an adverse impact on the environment. In this paper, nano-TiO2 was used as a co-catalyst with sodium hypophophite in the treatment of cotton with BTCA, and the final properties were assessed. Nanotechnology, wrinkle-resistant, nano-titanium dioxide, co-catalyst 04 2007 14 Surface Review and Letters 571 575 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X07009864 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X07009864 text/html C. W. M. YUEN Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China S. K. A. KU Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China C. W. KAN tccwk@inet.polyu.edu.hk Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China Y. F. CHENG Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China P. S. R. CHOI Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China Y. L. LAM Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:14:y:2007:i:04:p:725-7282009-04-05RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Lead tungstate (PbWO4) (PWO) crystals doped with high concentration trivalent rare earth ions have demonstrated to be a promising Cherenkov radiator material and also a potential material for optoelectronic application. In this paper, the doping mechanisms of the trivalent ions (La3+, Nd3+, and Gd3+) in the PWO host were studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and the results were consistent with those of computer simulation. It was found that when heavily doped, La3+ may substitute for the W sites as well as the Pb sites for self-compensation by forming La dimers or small aggregates. However, the doping mechanism of heavily doped PWO:Nd3+ and PWO:Gd3+ might be different from that of heavily doped PWO:La3+ crystals. PbWO4 crystal, doping mechanism, XPS 04 2007 14 Surface Review and Letters 725 728 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X07010007 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X07010007 text/html XIQI FENG The State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China WEIFENG LI The State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China WENLIANG ZHU The State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:12:y:2005:i:04:p:611-6172009-04-05RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Based on a hexagonal lattice which includes deposition, dissociation, and diffusion, we performed a kinetic Monte Carlo model to explore thin film growth via pulsed laser deposition (PLD) and molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) within the submonolayer regime. First and second nearest-neighbor interactions calculated by the Morse potential are taken into account in this case. These simulations show that thin film deposition by PLD is markedly different from that by MBE. With PLD, as pulse duration decreases, the island density increases and the island size decreases. Similarly, at temperature T = 550 K, the scaling function for MBE is rather similar to that of the analytical prediction for a critical island size of i = 2, while the scaling function for PLD changes from an i = 1 behavior to an i = 0 behavior with the decrease in pulse duration. Kinetic Monte-Carlo simulation, pulsed laser deposition (PLD), Molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), film growth, 89.20.Ff, 61.20.Ja, 61.50.Cj, 68.55.-a, 68.55.Ce, 05.40.-a 04 2005 12 Surface Review and Letters 611 617 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X05007505 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X05007505 text/html X. TAN Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Rheological Properties, Xiangtan University, Ministry of Education, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, P. R. China; Faculty of Materials and Optoelectronics Physics, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411105, P. R. China Y. C. ZHOU zhouyc@xtu.edu.cn Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Rheological Properties, Xiangtan University, Ministry of Education, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, P. R. China; Faculty of Materials and Optoelectronics Physics, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411105, P. R. China X. J. ZHENG Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Rheological Properties, Xiangtan University, Ministry of Education, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, P. R. China; Faculty of Materials and Optoelectronics Physics, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411105, P. R. China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:14:y:2007:i:04:p:713-7172009-04-05RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article The single hydroxyl-terminated urethane acrylate oligomers were synthesized from 2-mercaptoethanol (2-MEOH), alkyl (methyl, butyl, and 2-ethylhexyl) acrylate, and 2,2-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN, initiator), with dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL) as a catalyst. 2-MEOH was used as a functional chain transfer agent. Poly(alkyl urethane) acrylate oligomers were obtained by the reaction of single hydroxyl-terminated polyalkyl acrylates and 2-isocyanatoethyl acrylate. They were characterized by NMR, FT-IR spectroscopy, rheometer, and DSC. Because poly(alkyl urethane) acrylate oligomers have lower Tg and viscosity than hydroxyl-terminated polyalkyl acrylate oligomers (HTPAO) non-containing urethane groups, they can be used for ultraviolet (UV) curable coatings, inks, and adhesives. UV curable coating agent, 2-isocyanatoethyl methacrylate, polyurethane acrylate oligomer 04 2007 14 Surface Review and Letters 713 717 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X07009980 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X07009980 text/html MI NA PARK Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Daeyeon-3-dong, Nam-gu, Busan 608737, Korea YOUNG SOO KANG Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Daeyeon-3-dong, Nam-gu, Busan 608737, Korea SUN WHA OH Basic Science Research Institute, Pukyong National University, 599-1 Daeyeon 3-dong, Nam-gu, Busan 608737, Korea BYUNG HYUN AHN School of Material Science and Engineering, Pukyong National University, San 100, Yongdang-Dong, Nam-gu, Busan 608739, Korea MYUNG JUN MOON Department of Industrial Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Sam 100, Yongdang-Dang, Nam-gu, Busan 608739, Korea

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:15:y:2008:i:04:p:427-4342009-04-05RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Surface hardening of commercially pure titanium by using pulse on pulsed nanocrystalline plasma electrolytic carbonitriding has been studied in this investigation. Coating process has been performed on Triethanolamine-based electrolyte by cooling bath. Nanostructure of obtained compound layer was examined with figure analysis of SEM nanographs. The effects of process variables, i.e., Triethanolamine concentration, electrical conductivity of electrolyte, applied voltage, and treatment time, have been experimentally studied. Statistical methods were used to achieve the optimum size of nanocrystals. Finally the contribution percentage of effective factors of pulsed current was revealed and confirmation run show the validity of obtained results. Pulse on pulse method, nanocrystalline, nanostructure, pulsed nanocrystalline plasma electrolytic carbonitriding 04 2008 15 Surface Review and Letters 427 434 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X0801155X application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X0801155X text/html MAHMOOD ALIOFKHAZRAEI Faculty of Engineering, Materials Engineering Department, Tarbiat Modares University, PO Box 14115-143, Tehran, Iran SHAHROKH AHANGARANI Advanced Materials and Renewal Energies Department, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology, Iran ALIREZA SABOUR ROUHAGHDAM sabour01@gmail.com Faculty of Engineering, Materials Engineering Department, Tarbiat Modares University, PO Box 14115-143, Tehran, Iran

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:13:y:2006:i:01:p:51-552009-04-05RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article In this paper, Au-loaded TiO2 (Au/TiO2) photocatalysts were prepared by photochemical deposition method and characterized by transmission electron microscopy, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results indicated the metallic Au nanoparticles were deposited on the surface of TiO2 after the high-pressure mercury irradiation and regarded as an electronegative center. The photocatalytic decomposition of gaseous ozone was investigated on TiO2 and Au-loaded TiO2 at room temperature. Results indicated that the photocatalytic conversion of ozone can be improved by Au/TiO2 and photocatalytic activity increased with the increase of the photodeposition time. The photocatalytic removal rate of ozone remained above 96% on the surface of 1% Au/TiO2 with photodeposition for 120 min under black lamp irradiation for 20 h. Au cluster deposited on the surface of TiO2 functioned not only as the electron trap center but also as the adsorption site of O3 in photocatalytic reaction. Photochemical deposition, photocatalysis, Au/TiO2, photocatalytic decomposition, ozone 01 2006 13 Surface Review and Letters 51 55 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X06007810 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X06007810 text/html PANKE HE Laboratory for Special Functional Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, Henan, P. R. China MIN ZHANG Laboratory for Special Functional Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, Henan, P. R. China DONGMEI YANG Laboratory for Special Functional Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, Henan, P. R. China JIANJUN YANG yangjianjun@henu.edu.cn Laboratory for Special Functional Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, Henan, P. R. China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:12:y:2005:i:01:p:41-452009-04-05RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article The microstructure of dendritic titanium carbides fabricated by laser surface alloying of pure titanium with graphite powder is investigated using electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA) and high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM). The growth mechanism of TiC crystals is that crystal grows by the model of continuous growth at the beginning of solidification and then the crystal surfaces that are suited to lateral growth develop fully by the model of spiral growth. So, the final morphology of dendritic TiC looks like it is composed of tiny crystal grains in a linear arrangement. Laser alloying, dendritic crystals, growth mechanism 01 2005 12 Surface Review and Letters 41 45 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X05006743 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X05006743 text/html Y. S. TIAN School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, P. R. China C. Z. CHEN felix@sdu.edu.cn School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, P. R. China D. Y. WANG School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, P. R. China Q. H. HUO School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, P. R. China T. Q. LEI School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:14:y:2007:i:04:p:779-7822009-04-05RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article SrTiO3 films are fabricated on DyScO3 substrates by pulse laser deposition. In situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) is used to characterize the thermal expansion coefficient at low temperature. The abnormal behavior in lattice parameter at 80 K may be the hint of a phase transition. High resolution XRD is performed to detect the two kinds of dislocations, i.e. screw and edge. Results show that the density of edge dislocation is a little larger than that of the screw one. The total dislocation density has the order of about 108 cm-2. Edge dislocation density decreases with the increase of the film thickness. We argue that the ratio between these two dislocation densities results in the growth mode of the film. 04 2007 14 Surface Review and Letters 779 782 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X07010251 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X07010251 text/html Z. Y. ZHAI Lab of Solid State Microstructures, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China X. Z. LI Lab of Solid State Microstructures, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China S. S. ZHI Lab of Solid State Microstructures, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China X. S. WU xswu@nju.edu.cn Lab of Solid State Microstructures, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China J. H. HAO Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China J. GAO Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokflam Road, Hong Kong, China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:13:y:2006:i:05:p:635-6442009-04-05RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article The fretting wear behavior of tin plated copper alloy contacts and its influence on the contact resistance are addressed in this paper. Based on the change in the area of contact zone as well as the wear depth as a function of fretting cycles, a model was proposed to explain the observed low and stable contact resistance. The extent of wear of tin coating and the formation of wear debris as a function of fretting cycles were assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Energy dispersive X-ray line scanning (EDX), X-ray mapping, and EDX spot analysis were employed to characterize the nature of changes that occur at the contact zone. The study reveals that the fretted area increases linearly up to 8000 cycles due to the continuous removal of the tin coating and attains saturation when the fretting path length reaches a maximum. The observed low and stable contact resistance observed up to 8000 cycles is due to the common area of contact which provides an electrically conducting area. Surface analysis by SEM, EDX, and X-ray elemental mapping elucidate the nature of changes that occurred at the contact zone. Based on the change in contact resistance as a function of fretting cycles, the fretting wear and fretting corrosion dominant regimes are proposed. The interdependence of extent of wear and oxidation increases the complexity of the fretting corrosion behavior of tin plated contacts. Fretting wear, tin plated contact, contact resistance, surface analysis 05 2006 13 Surface Review and Letters 635 644 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X06008591 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X06008591 text/html YOUNG WOO PARK Stress Analysis and Failure Design Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 134, Sinchon-dong, Seodaemum-gu, Seoul 120-749, South Korea T. S. N. SANKARA NARAYANAN Stress Analysis and Failure Design Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 134, Sinchon-dong, Seodaemum-gu, Seoul 120-749, South Korea KANG YONG LEE kyl2813@yonsei.ac.kr Stress Analysis and Failure Design Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 134, Sinchon-dong, Seodaemum-gu, Seoul 120-749, South Korea

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:12:y:2005:i:02:p:209-2132009-04-05RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Composite coatings are produced by laser surface alloying of Ti-6Al-4V with B+Ti and B+Ni+Ti mixed powders. Test results show that the coatings have high hardness, excellent wear and oxidation resistance compared with the as-received sample. In addition, the samples alloyed with B+Ni+Ti have better wear and oxidation resistance than that alloyed with B+Ti. Laser alloying, wear and oxidation resistance, titanium alloy 02 2005 12 Surface Review and Letters 209 213 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X05006950 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X05006950 text/html Y. S. TIAN School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan Shandong 250061, P. R. China C. Z. CHEN felix@sdu.edu.cn School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan Shandong 250061, P. R. China D. Y. WANG School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan Shandong 250061, P. R. China Q. H. HUO School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan Shandong 250061, P. R. China T. Q. LEI School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:13:y:2006:i:01:p:69-732009-04-05RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Al1-xMgx with different concentrations of Mg was produced by spectroscopically technique from melting the ingredient in graphite crucibles sealed under vacuum in quartz ampoules. The samples have been characterized by X-ray studies and electrical measurements. A cubic phase of polycrystalline aluminum has been observed. There is no new phases appearing with different concentrations of Mg contents and quenching temperatures. The results show that the crystallinity (intensity of (200) plane) increases with both Mg concentration (<4.44 wt%) and quenching temperature (<898 K). The grain size of the obtained phase decreased with increasing the Mg contents. The resistivity is calculated for different concentrations of Mg at room temperature and found increasing with Mg contents. The grain size is found to be a parameter affecting the resistivity than the preferred orientation. AlMg, XRD, grain size, electrical resistivity 01 2006 13 Surface Review and Letters 69 73 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X06007822 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X06007822 text/html A. ASHOUR Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia, Egypt E. BADAWI Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia, Egypt N. Z. EL-SAYED Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia, Egypt

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:15:y:2008:i:01:p:139-1442009-04-05RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article GaAs/InGaP and AlGaAs/GaAs/InAlGaP npn heterostructural optoelectronic switches (HSOSs) have been fabricated to demonstrate the bulk-barrier and potential-spike height effects on the switching. It is seen that the illumination decreases the switching voltage VS and increases the switching current IS in the GaAs/InGaP HSOS characteristics. But in the AlGaAs/GaAs/InAlGaP HSOS, the VS and IS present contrary trends. These characteristic variation differences in the two HSOSs are mainly due to the photogenerated carriers that affect the bulk-barrier and potential-spike heights. Optoelectronic switch, bulk barrier, potential spike 01 2008 15 Surface Review and Letters 139 144 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X08011123 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X08011123 text/html DER-FENG GUO Department of Electronic Engineering, Air Force Academy, P. O. Box 14-49 Kangshan, Kaohsiung County 820, Taiwan JUNG-HUI TSAI Department of Electronic Engineering, National Kaohsiung Normal University, 116 Ho-ping 1st Road, Kaohsiung 802, Taiwan TZU-YEN WENG g6f6guo@ms5.hinet.net Department of Physics, National Kaohsiung Normal University, 116 Ho-ping 1st Road, Kaohsiung 802, Taiwan CHIH-HUNG YENG Institute of Microelectronics and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan PO-HSIEN LAI Institute of Microelectronics and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan SSU-YI FU Institute of Microelectronics and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan CHING-WEN HUNG Institute of Microelectronics and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan WEN-CHAU LIU Institute of Microelectronics and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:14:y:2007:i:06:p:1079-10822009-04-05RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article High-quality Nd:LuVO4 thin films have been grown on silica glass substrates by using a pulsed laser deposition technique. X-ray diffraction results show that the as-deposited Nd:LuVO4 film is basically oriented polycrystalline, and strong (200) peak was revealed. The waveguide property was characterized by the prism-coupling method. The refractive index of the propagation mode is higher than that of the silica glass substrate which means that the dips correspond to real propagation mode, where the light could be well defined. The surface morphology of the deposited Nd:LuVO4 films was also observed by using an atomic force microscopy. Pulsed laser deposition, thin films, atomic force microscopy, X-ray technique, 81.15.Fg, 42.79.Gn, 42.82.Et, 68.55.-a 06 2007 14 Surface Review and Letters 1079 1082 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X07010652 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X07010652 text/html HONGXIA LI hxli@zjut.edu.cn The MOE Key Laboratory of Mechanical Manufacture and Automation, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China XIN WU School of Mechanical Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China RENGUO SONG The MOE Key Laboratory of Mechanical Manufacture and Automation, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China JIYANG WANG State Key Laboratory of Crystal Growth, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:13:y:2006:i:02:p:173-1772009-04-05RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article The influence of substrate rotary speed, species of reaction gases and flows on nanoindentation, nanoscratch fracture, and residual stress were explored on reactive sputtered nanoscale CrN/ZrN multilayered coatings. Hardness and critical fracture load as high as 32 GPa and 85 mN with desirable compressive stress were achieved for this model. A proper percentage of NH3 in N2 reaction gas was also proved to be of benefit to synthesize high-hard and fracture-resistant CrN/ZrN coatings. The low-angle XRD patterns provided the layer modulation period of the coatings. A marked polycrystallite of two-cubic NaCl phase CrN + ZrN as well as probably hexagonal Cr2N with small modulation period corresponded to the enhanced mechanical properties. Magnetron sputtering, CrN/ZrN, multilayered coating, nanoindentation 02 2006 13 Surface Review and Letters 173 177 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X06008177 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X06008177 text/html M. X. WANG College of Physics and Electronic Information Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300074, China J. J. ZHANG College of Physics and Electronic Information Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300074, China Q. X. LIU College of Physics and Electronic Information Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300074, China D. J. LI dejunli@mail.tjnu.edu.cn College of Physics and Electronic Information Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300074, China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:13:y:2006:i:02:p:309-3112009-04-05RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article We present the first-principles calculation of transport properties of a semiconducting carbon nanotube connected to aluminum metallic electrodes. The transmission spectrum of the nanotube shows a decrease in the band-gap energy level but has a finite value due to the hybridization of the metallic states of the electrodes. Carbon nanotube, transport properties, density functional theory 02 2006 13 Surface Review and Letters 309 311 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X06008013 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X06008013 text/html NOBUHIKO KOBAYASHI n-kobayashi@aist.go.jp Nanotechnology Research Institute (NRI), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Umezono 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan; CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST), Japan TAISUKE OZAKI Research Institute for Computational Sciences (RICS), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Umezono 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan; CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST), Japan KENJI HIROSE Fundamental and Environmental Research Laboratories, NEC Corporation, 34 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8501, Japan; CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST), Japan

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:12:y:2005:i:05:p:819-8232009-04-05RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article In this paper, as-sprayed HA coatings were remelted by CW laser. The morphologies and the development of microstructures were analyzed by electron probe microanalysis. The solidification mechanism of laser remelted bioactive HA coatings is usually determined by the parameters of the temperature gradient G and the solidification velocity R. In the region of bottom pool, the G/R value is high which will result in the forming of planar crystal. With the decrease of G/R value, cellular and cellular dendrites will form. Near the surface, the coating can radiate heat to the atmosphere which will form a negative temperature gradient, consequently the structure is composed of dendrites. Hydroxyapaptite, solidification mechanism, laser remelting, temperature gradient, solidification velocity 05 2005 12 Surface Review and Letters 819 823 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X05007682 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X05007682 text/html CHUANZHONG CHEN School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250061, P. R. China DIANGANG WANG School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250061, P. R. China QUANHE BAO School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250061, P. R. China LIANG ZHANG School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250061, P. R. China TINGQUAN LEI School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250061, P. R. China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:15:y:2008:i:05:p:675-6792009-04-05RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Surface oxidation of Ti was carried out using KrF excimer laser in the presence of O2. Different colors were obtained by varying the number of laser pulses at the fixed laser fluence. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows that the outmost surface is composed of TiO2 and the inner layer consists of TiO and Ti2O3 as well as TiO2. Fractions of titanium chemical states stabilized at 33% TiO, 63% TiO2, and 2% Ti2O3 with increasing number of laser pulses. The surface roughness tends to increase with number of laser pulses. It is suggested that compositional variation and morphological difference contribute to the laser-induced surface coloration. Titanium, excimer laser, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, oxidation, coloration 05 2008 15 Surface Review and Letters 675 679 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X08011846 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X08011846 text/html H. X. QIAN Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China WEI ZHOU WZhou@Cantab.Net Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology Centre, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore H. Y. ZHENG Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, 71 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 638075, Singapore

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:12:y:2005:i:05:p:749-7522009-04-05RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article In this paper, pure and Au-deposited ZnO nanoparticles with different Au content were prepared and characterized. The effect of Au content on the PL properties and photocatalytic activity of CO oxidation was mainly investigated. The results showed that Au deposition can greatly decrease the intensity of PL and enhance the photocatalytic activity of CO oxidation, which may be attributed to the increased amounts of ${\rm O}_{2}^{-}$ and the formation of O (or O-) on Au/ZnO surface. CO photocatalytic oxidation, Au/ZnO, photoluminescence (PL) spectra 05 2005 12 Surface Review and Letters 749 752 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X05007992 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X05007992 text/html MIN ZHANG Laboratory of Special Functional Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China JIANJUN YANG Laboratory of Special Functional Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China SHUXI DAI Laboratory of Special Functional Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China PANKE HE Laboratory of Special Functional Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China ZHIJUN ZHANG Laboratory of Special Functional Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:12:y:2005:i:01:p:7-122009-04-05RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article In-situ synthesized TiB2 particles reinforced Ni-base composite coatings with different compositions were fabricated on medium carbon steel using laser cladding. Cracking behavior in different coatings was studied by microanalysis. Results show that the coating quality is good with optimal laser parameters and coating compositions; whereas the cracks formed in the coating with high content of ceramic phases mainly include the following: the transcrystalline cracks in the bonding metal matrix, the high density cracks in the edge of the coating, micro-cracks on the interface of the matrix and the hardy ceramic phases and in the vicinity of the bonding interface in the heat-affected zone etc. Cracking behavior in the coating is mainly attributed to the thermal stress induced by the difference of the thermal expansion coefficient of the coating materials and the metal matrix, and the phase transformation stress plays an important role too. Laser cladding, particles reinforced, coating, stress, cracking behavior 01 2005 12 Surface Review and Letters 7 12 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X05006755 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X05006755 text/html WEIPING ZHANG Department of Materials Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, P. R. China SHUO LIU shuoliu527@163.com Department of Materials Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, P. R. China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:14:y:2007:i:03:p:431-4342009-04-05RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Surface morphology of the {101} freshly cleaved planes of L-arginine trifluoroacetate crystals grown from aqueous solutions have been studied by atomic force microscopy. Various step patterns are described and discussed. Moreover, the dislocations are not easily found and all of them are devoid of hollow cores on the emergence points. The reason may be that the stress field is too weak to generate hollow cores. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), analogs of L-arginine salt, cleavage surface, morphology 03 2007 14 Surface Review and Letters 431 434 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X07009566 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X07009566 text/html X. J. LIU lxj@mail.sdu.edu.cn State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials and Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China D. XU xdoffice@sdu.edu.cn State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials and Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China Z. Y. WANG State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials and Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China G. W. YU State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials and Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China G. H. ZHANG State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials and Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China X. Q. WANG State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials and Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China L. Y. ZHU State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials and Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:14:y:2007:i:02:p:193-1972009-04-05RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Micro-arc oxidation technique (MAO) treatment produces a layer of alumina film on the surface of the aluminum alloy. A hard and uniform tetrahedral amorphous carbon film (diamond-like carbon, DLC) was deposited on the top of the alumina layer of the 2024 aluminum alloy by a pulsed filtered catholic vacuum arc (FCVA) deposition system with a metal vapor vacuum arc (MEVVA) source. The morphology and tribological properties of the duplex DLC/Al2O3 coating were investigated by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a ball-on-disk sliding tester. These results suggested that the duplex DLC/Al2O3 coating had good adhesion and a low friction coefficient, which improved significantly the wear resistance of aluminum alloys. Aluminum alloy, micro-arc oxidation, DLC, FCVA, tribological behavior 02 2007 14 Surface Review and Letters 193 197 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X07009256 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X07009256 text/html X. L. WU wuxl@bnu.edu.cn Key Laboratory of Beam Technology and Material Modification of Ministry of Education, Institute of Low Energy Nuclear Physics, Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875, P. R. China X. J. LI Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China X. ZHANG Key Laboratory of Beam Technology and Material Modification of Ministry of Education, Institute of Low Energy Nuclear Physics, Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875, P. R. China W. B. XUE Key Laboratory of Beam Technology and Material Modification of Ministry of Education, Institute of Low Energy Nuclear Physics, Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875, P. R. China G. A. CHENG Key Laboratory of Beam Technology and Material Modification of Ministry of Education, Institute of Low Energy Nuclear Physics, Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875, P. R. China A. D. LIU Key Laboratory of Beam Technology and Material Modification of Ministry of Education, Institute of Low Energy Nuclear Physics, Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875, P. R. China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:14:y:2007:i:04:p:671-6752009-04-05RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Adhesion forces of Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) membrane in the gel phase are investigated by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. In the simulations, individual DPPC molecules are pulled out of DPPC membranes with different rates and we get the maximum adhesion forces of DPPC membrane. We find that the maximum adhesion forces increase with pull rate, from about 400 to 700 pN when pull rates are from 0.001 to 0.03 nm/ps. We analyze the relationship between pull rate and adhesion forces of different origins using Brownian dynamics and notice that viscosity of solvent plays an important role in adhesion forces. Then we simulate the motion of a single DPPC molecule in solvent and it elucidates that the maximum drag force is almost linear with respect to the pull rate. We use Stokes' relation to describe the motion of a single DPPC molecule and deduce the effective length of a DPPC molecule. Conformational analyses indicate that the free energy variation of a DPPC molecule inside and outside of the DPPC membrane is an essential part of adhesion energy. Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), molecular dynamics, adhesion forces, Brownian dynamics 04 2007 14 Surface Review and Letters 671 675 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X07010056 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X07010056 text/html JUN YIN State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics (LNM), Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, People's Republic of China YA-PU ZHAO yzhao@imech.ac.cn State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics (LNM), Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, People's Republic of China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:13:y:2006:i:06:p:789-7932009-04-05RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article This paper reports catalytic effects of ferrocene on bonding, optical and structural properties of diamond-like carbon (DLC) thin films grown on silicon and quartz substrates by microwave surface-wave plasma chemical vapor deposition. For film deposition, helium and methane gases were used as plasma source. Bonding, optical and structural properties of the DLC films were measured both with and without using ferrocene as a catalyst. The ferrocene content in the DLC was confirmed by X-ray spectroscopy (XPS) measurement. The optical band gap decreased from 2.7 eV (without ferrocene) to 1.6 eV (with ferrocene). Raman spectra of the ferrocene content film shows that the G-peak was more pronounced compared to the film without ferrocene. Results suggest that appropriate concentration of ferrocene in DLC film helps to reduce the optical band gap because of ferrocene-induced graphitization. Diamond-like carbon, ferrocene, surface-wave plasma CVD, optical band gap 06 2006 13 Surface Review and Letters 789 793 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X06008864 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X06008864 text/html SUDIP ADHIKARI sudipchubu@yahoo.com Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan SUNIL ADHIKARY Department of Hydrology and Meteorology, Tri-chandra Campus, Tribhuvan University, GPO 8974, CPC 122, Kathmandu, Nepal HIDEO UCHIDA Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan MASAYOSHI UMENO Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:15:y:2008:i:03:p:301-3062009-04-05RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Transparent conducting indium tin oxide (ITO) films are deposited on Porous Silicon (PS) substrates by spray pyrolysis technique. In this process, the films are formed over the surface and also incorporated into the pores of PS and thereby making a protecting layer as well as a contacting terminal. Thus, the ITO/PS/Si heterojunction light-emitting devices are fabricated. The growth of ITO on PS is thoroughly investigated by SEM and X-ray diffraction techniques. The features of growth on other substrates like single-crystal p-type (100) silicon and glass are also taken into consideration. The influence on the PS interface is correlated with the electrical and luminescent behavior of the resulting heterojunction diode structure. Indium tin oxide (ITO), porous silicon, photoluminescence 03 2008 15 Surface Review and Letters 301 306 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X08011391 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X08011391 text/html B. NATARAJAN b_natraj_b@rediffmail.com Department of Physics, Saraswathi Narayanan College, Madurai 625022, Tamilnadu, India N. JEYAKUMARAN bhavesh_2j2@yahoo.com Department of Physics, VHNSN College, Virudhunagar 626001, Tamilnadu, India S. RAMAMURTHY Department of Physics, Gandhigram Rural Institute, Gandhigram 624302, Tamilnadu, India V. VASU School of Physics, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625021, Tamilnadu, India

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:14:y:2007:i:06:p:1165-11682009-04-05RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article An after-glow capacitively coupled discharge technique has been used to fabricate ultra-thin proton exchange composite membranes in a plasma polymerization reactor, where styrene and acrylic acid are used as starting materials. By this technique, a good preservation of monomer structure can be achieved. The structure and composition of the plasma polymerized membranes were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The morphology information and thickness of the membranes were provided by Scanning electron micrographs (SEM). The synthesized membranes are dense with uniform structure and rich with carboxyl acid groups. This novel plasma polymerization technique is expected to be used for the preparation of alternative membranes to preserve their monomer structure to a maximum extent. Plasma polymerization, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, acrylic acid, plasma composite membranes 06 2007 14 Surface Review and Letters 1165 1168 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X07010755 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X07010755 text/html ZHONGQING JIANG zhongqingjiang@hotmail.com Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, P. R. China YUEDONG MENG Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, P. R. China ZHONGJIE JIANG Department of Physical Chemistry, Chemnitz University of Technology, 62 Strasse der Nationen, Chemnitz, D-09111, Germany YICAI SHI Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, P. R. China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:12:y:2005:i:02:p:203-2072009-04-05RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Positron annihilation was performed to study the isochronal annealing of wrought (2024, 7075) and casting (AlSi11.35Mg0.23, AlSi10.9Mg0.17Sr0.06) aluminum alloys in the temperature range from room temperature to 773 K after they had been deformed at room temperature with 25% deformation. Two annealing stages of microstructures were distinguished which were attributed to recovery in 2024, and AlSi11.35Mg0.23, AlSi10.9Mg0.17Sr0.06 due to point and dislocations respectively, and only one due to dislocations in 7075. Recovery stages, point defect, dislocations, positron annihilation lifetime 02 2005 12 Surface Review and Letters 203 207 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X05006937 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X05006937 text/html M. A. ABDEL-RAHMAN Faculty of Science, Physics Department, El-Minia University, Egypt M. S. ABDALLAH Faculty of Science, Physics Department, El-Minia University, Egypt EMAD A. BADAWI emadbadawi@yahoo.com Faculty of Science, Physics Department, El-Minia University, Egypt

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:15:y:2008:i:04:p:515-5182009-04-05RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanocrystals are successfully fabricated on glass and silicon substrates at room temperature with low-frequency (460 kHz) inductively coupled plasma assisted magnetron sputtering technique. Both size and shape can be controlled by changing deposition parameters and substrates. Field-emission scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction are adopted to measure the properties of CdS nanorods. Nanorods, ICP-assisted magnetron, room temperature 04 2008 15 Surface Review and Letters 515 518 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X08011676 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X08011676 text/html S. Y. HUANG h_shiyong@yahoo.com Plasma Source and Application Center, NIE, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, 637616, Singapore S. XU Plasma Source and Application Center, NIE, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, 637616, Singapore J. D. LONG Plasma Source and Application Center, NIE, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, 637616, Singapore J. W. CHAI Plasma Source and Application Center, NIE, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, 637616, Singapore Q. J. CHENG Plasma Source and Application Center, NIE, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, 637616, Singapore

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:14:y:2007:i:04:p:553-5572009-04-05RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Nanostructured silver films were deposited on polypropylene (PP) nonwovens by RF magnetron sputter coating to obtain the antibacterial properties. Shake flask test was used to evaluate the antibacterial properties of the materials. Atomic force microscope (AFM) was utilized to observe the surface morphology. Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) was also employed to analyze the surface elemental compositions. The antibacterial results indicated that the prolonged deposition time led to a significant improvement in antibacterial effect, and sputtering power and argon pressure did not show obvious effect on antibacterial performance. It is believed that the total amount of silver ions released from the silver coating was increased as the deposition time increased. AFM images and quantitative analysis of EDX, respectively revealed that increase in deposition time led to the increased coverage of silver film and the increased silver weight percentage per unit surface, which provided evidences for the increased release rate of silver ions from the coating. Moreover, it was found that the optimum silver coating thickness was about 3 nm, taking antibacterial effect and cost of production into account. Magnetron sputter coating, nanostructured silver films, antibacterial, AFM, EDX 04 2007 14 Surface Review and Letters 553 557 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X07009839 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X07009839 text/html WANG HONG-BO Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles (Southern Yangtze University), Ministry of Education, Wuxi, China 214122, China WANG JIN-YAN Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles (Southern Yangtze University), Ministry of Education, Wuxi, China 214122, China WEI QU-FU qfwei@sytu.edu.cn Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles (Southern Yangtze University), Ministry of Education, Wuxi, China 214122, China HONG JIAN-HAN Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles (Southern Yangtze University), Ministry of Education, Wuxi, China 214122, China ZHAO XIAO-YAN Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles (Southern Yangtze University), Ministry of Education, Wuxi, China 214122, China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:15:y:2008:i:05:p:689-6972009-04-05RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Cluster-like network structures of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) were synthesized by chemical grafting poly 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (polyHEMA) to the sidewalls of SWNTs. Acid chloride-functionalized tubes were coupled with commercially available HEMA monomer, which was in turn polymerized using a radical initiator. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to identify the surface changes on the nanocomposites. Microscopic observations of the nanotube complexes by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) show that the tubes were dispersed and formed cluster-like network, branched structures with less bundling, thus, strongly suggesting a firm coating of the polymer on nanotube walls. The coating was further confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. The thermal properties of the nanotube complex as studied by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that coating enhanced stability of the complex, when compared to that of bulk polyHEMA and pristine SWNTs. The nanotube complexes showed excellent suspension stability when dispersed in organic solvent. Coating, nanotubes, polyHEMA, cluster network, dispersability, FE-SEM 05 2008 15 Surface Review and Letters 689 697 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X0801186X application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X0801186X text/html NANJUNDAN ASHOK KUMAR Division of Image Science and Information Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 608739, Republic of Korea SUNG HUN KIM Division of Image Science and Information Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 608739, Republic of Korea JONG TAE KIM Division of Image Science and Information Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 608739, Republic of Korea KWON TAEK LIM Division of Image Science and Information Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 608739, Republic of Korea YEON TAE JEONG ytjeong@pknu.ac.kr Division of Image Science and Information Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 608739, Republic of Korea

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:14:y:2007:i:02:p:329-3342009-04-05RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Lubricant additives are crucial in minimizing friction and wear, and protecting surfaces under severe contact condition. The traditional additive can only diminish the wear rate of materials by increasing the sliding distance. As a wear-self-compensation lubricating additive, the auto-restoration technology (ART) of worn surface of metals is a novel technique for the repair of mechanical equipment and breakthrough of tribology theory that cannot obey the traditional law. The previous experiments have measured the friction and wear behaviors of ART additives under low load conditions. This paper presents the tribology behaviors of auto-restoration lubricating additive under heavily loaded condition. The results show that the auto-restoration lubricating additive can reduce pronouncedly the frictional coefficient and wear weight; after 6 h wear examination the friction coefficient is only 0.027. The morphology of the worn surface and the chemical composition of tribofilm have been observed by SEM. It proved that the worn surface is very smooth and there exists a tribochemical reaction between the metal and the auto-restoration lubricating additive. Auto-restoration technology, tribochemical reaction, friction and wear 02 2007 14 Surface Review and Letters 329 334 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X07008998 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X07008998 text/html JIANG XU Department of Material Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 29 Yudao Street, Nanjing 210016, P. R. China FENG WANG State Key Laboratory for Fabrication and Processing of Nonferrous Metals, General Research Institute of Nonferrous Metals, Beijing 100088, P. R. China ZILI LIU Department of Material Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 29 Yudao Street, Nanjing 210016, P. R. China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:13:y:2006:i:04:p:451-4552009-04-05RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Pulsed laser deposition (PLD) is being investigated as an alternative technique to prepare hydroxyapatite coatings. In this research we studied the microstructure and phase composition of the PLD hydroxyapatite films. The surface morphology of the films is composed of droplets for which size ranges from hundreds of nanometers to a few micrometers. The cross-sectional morphology of the films shows that the films adhere to the substrate well and there are no microcracks, pores and other defects between substrate and films. The X-ray diffractometer results show that the deposited films are amorphous and the post heat treatment films consists of crystalline HA and TiO2. Pulsed laser deposition, hydroxyapatite, thin films, microstructure 04 2006 13 Surface Review and Letters 451 455 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X06008426 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X06008426 text/html QUANHE BAO School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Shandong Ji'nan, 250061, P. R. China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Anhui Maanshan, 243002, P. R. China CHUANZHONG CHEN czchen@sdu.edu.cn School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Shandong Ji'nan, 250061, P. R. China DIANGANG WANG School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Shandong Ji'nan, 250061, P. R. China YAFAN ZHAO School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Shandong Ji'nan, 250061, P. R. China TINGQUAN LEI School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Shandong Ji'nan, 250061, P. R. China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Heilongjiang Harbin, 150001, P. R. China JUNMING LIU National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University, Jiangsu Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:13:y:2006:i:06:p:795-8022009-04-05RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Silicon has been widely used to fabricate microfluidic devices due to the dominance of silicon microfabrication technologies available. In this paper, theoretical analyses are carried out to suggest suitable laser machining parameters to achieve required channel geometries. Based on the analyses, a low-power CO2 laser was employed to create microchannels in Acrylic substrate for the use of manufacturing an optical bubble switch. The developed equations are found useful for selecting appropriate machining parameters. The ability to use a low-cost CO2 laser to fabricate microchannels provides an alternative and cost-effective method for prototyping fluid flow channels, chambers and cavities in microfluidic lab chips. Laser micromachining, CO2 laser, microfluidic, optical bubble switch 06 2006 13 Surface Review and Letters 795 802 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X06008876 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X06008876 text/html DANIEL LIM Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, 71 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 638075, Singapore ERNA GONDO SANTOSO Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore KIM MING TEH Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, 71 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 638075, Singapore STEPHEN WAN Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, 71 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 638075, Singapore H. Y. ZHENG hyzheng@SIMtech.a-star.edu.sg Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, 71 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 638075, Singapore

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:14:y:2007:i:04:p:755-7592009-04-05RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article CdTe thin films were grown on GaAs(100) substrates by using molecular beam epitaxy at various temperatures. The results of the X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns showed that the orientation of the grown CdTe thin films was the (100) orientation. XRD patterns, atomic force microscopy images, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images, and photoluminescence spectra showed that the crystallinity of CdTe(100) epilayers grown on GaAs(100) substrates was improved by increasing the substrate temperature. HRTEM images showed that misfit dislocations existed at the CdTe/GaAs heterointerface. These results can help improve understanding of the substrate temperature effect on the structural and the optical properties of CdTe(100)/GaAs(100) heterostructures. CdTe/GaAs heterostructure, substrate temperature, structural property, optical property 04 2007 14 Surface Review and Letters 755 759 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X07010202 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X07010202 text/html D. U. LEE Research Institute of Information Display, Division of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Hanyang University, 17 Haengdang-dong, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 133-791, Korea J. H. JUNG Research Institute of Information Display, Division of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Hanyang University, 17 Haengdang-dong, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 133-791, Korea T. W. KIM twk@hanyang.ac.kr Research Institute of Information Display, Division of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Hanyang University, 17 Haengdang-dong, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 133-791, Korea H. S. LEE Institute of Physics and Applied Physics, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea H. L. PARK Institute of Physics and Applied Physics, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea K. H. LEE Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Korea

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:14:y:2007:i:06:p:1047-10522009-04-05RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article ZrO2 is a kind of inorganic material with high hardness, high tenacity, antiwear, corrosion, and resistance, therefore it is regarded as an ideal nanolubricant material. But untreated ZrO2 nanoparticles are reunited in the lubricant medium instead of monodisperse because the consistency is poor between the material surface and lubricant, which restricts its application as a nanolubricant additive. Through theoretical analysis, this paper designed that the surface of ZrO2 nanoparticles was modified with silicon coupling agent, and it was changed to lipophilic surface, so it was possible to be a monodisperse system in the lubricant. The modified spherical nanoparticles of ZrO2 were dispersed in the lubricant and they could play a molecular bearing part in lubricating media. When the friction surface reached a certain load and temperature, once the metal surface produces the deficiency, physical adsorption and chemisorption on the metal surface would be produced because of high nano-ZrO2 particle activity, and even the N atom in the particle surface silane tends to be absorbed to the metal surface to form chelate compound, and make ZrO2 particles enrich to defective locations of the metal surface. Then, a self-repairing lubricated membrane in the friction surfaces was set up, and it can play the function in the antifriction, antiwear, and surface dynamic self-repair. ZrO2, lubricate, additive, nanometer 06 2007 14 Surface Review and Letters 1047 1052 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X07010615 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X07010615 text/html SHAOHUA ZHENG Materials Science and Engineering School, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China RUIFANG GUAN Materials Science and Engineering School, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China QIUJU GUO Materials Science and Engineering School, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China DENGCHENG SU Materials Science and Engineering School, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:13:y:2006:i:01:p:103-1092009-04-05RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) is a good method in the fabrication of the coating materials. Its processing parameters are easy to be operate. It is a nonbeeline process and can be used in the deposition on complex shape and porous surface. It has been widely used in many ways. This paper reviews the principles and fabrication steps of EPD and points out the influencing factors. The developments of EPD in the fabrication of materials, such as solid surface coatings, porous structure materials and gradient materials, are introduced in detail. The future of the application of EPD is also discussed. Electrophoretic deposition, coating, film, porous materials, gradient materials 01 2006 13 Surface Review and Letters 103 109 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X06007925 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X06007925 text/html LIANG YAO School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Shandong Ji'nan 250061, P. R. China CHUANZHONG CHEN czchen@sdu.edu.cn School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Shandong Ji'nan 250061, P. R. China DIANGANG WANG School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Shandong Ji'nan 250061, P. R. China QUANHE BAO School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Shandong Ji'nan 250061, P. R. China JIE MA School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Shandong Ji'nan 250061, P. R. China BIAO QI School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Shandong Ji'nan 250061, P. R. China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:15:y:2008:i:04:p:481-4852009-04-05RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Ti and C ions extracted from a metal vapor vacuum arc ion source (MEVVA) were implanted into H13 steel using a masking procedure to ensure reproducible conditions for testing and subsequent analysis. An optical interference microscope and pin-on-disc apparatus investigated the wear and friction characteristics of the steel. The Ti concentration depth profile from Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy was compared with that calculated by a TRIDYN code. It was observed by grazing-angle X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy that carbide of Ti appeared in the doped region. The concentration depth profile and microstructure analysis can serve to illuminate the wear resistance improvement mechanisms of the Ti-implanted steel. Ion implantation, wear resistance, RBS, TRIDYN 04 2008 15 Surface Review and Letters 481 485 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X08011627 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X08011627 text/html J. H. YANG yang.yangyangj@163.com Nantong University, Jiangsu 226007, P. R. China S. LI Nantong University, Jiangsu 226007, P. R. China M. F. CHENG Nantong University, Jiangsu 226007, P. R. China X. D. LUO Nantong University, Jiangsu 226007, P. R. China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:14:y:2007:i:04:p:661-6652009-04-05RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Size-dependent elastic properties of Ni nanofilms are investigated by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with embedded atom method (EAM). The surface effects are considered by calculating the surface relaxation, surface energy, and surface stress. The Young's modulus and yield stress are obtained as functions of thickness and crystallographic orientation. It is shown that the surface relaxation has important effects on the the elastic properties at nanoscale. When the surface relaxation is outward, the Young's modulus decreases with the film thickness decreasing, and vice versa. The results also show that the yield stresses of the films increase with the films becoming thinner. With the thickness of the nanofilms decreasing, the surface effects on the elastic properties become dominant. Molecular dynamics simulation, size-dependent elastic properties, nanofilms, surface relaxation, Young's modulus, yield stress 04 2007 14 Surface Review and Letters 661 665 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X07010032 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X07010032 text/html ZHENYU YANG State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics (LNM), Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, People's Republic of China YA-PU ZHAO yzhao@imech.ac.cn State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics (LNM), Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, People's Republic of China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:16:y:2009:i:04:p:507-5122009-10-02RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article By taking into account two types of boundary conditions (BC), free boundary condition (FBC) and zero boundary condition (ZBC), an improved transverse Ising model with the consideration of surface transition layers (STL) is used to describe the polarization properties of ferroelectric thin films in the framework of the mean field approximation. Functions representing the intra-layer and inter-layer couplings are introduced to characterize the BC and STL, which reflect the structure variation of film surface. Comparing the results obtained by employing FBC and ZBC, some effects of BC are derived in the model, which demonstrated that the BC play important roles on the properties of ferroelectric thin films. It is shown that the effect of ZBC can extend to deeper film than that of FBC. When different BC are adopted, competition between the fields (depolarization field and transverse field) and BC induces some different and interesting phenomena. Some theoretical results in this paper are found to be in reasonable accordance with experimental data and have some application importance. Ferroelectric thin film, transverse Ising model, polarization properties, boundary condition, 77.80.Bh, 77.55.+f, 77.80.Dj 04 2009 16 Surface Review and Letters 507 512 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X09013062 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X09013062 text/html HUI CHEN hit_chenhui@hotmail.com Mathematics and Physics Department, Shenyang Institute of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China TAIMIN CHENG Mathematics and Physics Department, Shenyang Institute of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China SIQUN CHEN Mathematics and Physics Department, Shenyang Institute of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China TIECHEN GANG Mathematics and Physics Department, Shenyang Institute of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:16:y:2009:i:04:p:525-5322009-10-02RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article The viability of facile oxidation and cycloaddition of fullerene C60 with ruthenium tetraoxide (RuO4) has been confirmed by means of density functional theory calculations. Owing to the powerful capability of RuO4 as an oxidant, the addition process has been found to occur readily in the absence of organic base as a catalyst, which is in remarkable contrast to the base-catalyzed osmylation of C60 with osmium tetraoxide (OsO4). Significantly, we have found that boron can be employed as an effective promoter for enhancing the cycloaddition and complexation of transition metal oxides, e.g. RuO4 and OsO4, with C60, in which the base is not needed at all. Our results suggest that boron doping into the lattice of fullerenes and carbon nanotubes would provide a well-defined approach for anchoring transition metal oxides. Boron-doped fullerene, transition metal oxides, cycloaddition, oxidation 04 2009 16 Surface Review and Letters 525 532 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X09013025 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X09013025 text/html ZI-RONG TANG zrtang@fzu.edu.cn College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:16:y:2009:i:04:p:563-5672009-10-02RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article TiO2 samples with different crystal forms were treated in flowing NH3 at elevated temperatures to fabricate N-doped TiO2 photocatalysts with different crystal forms. The resulting N-doped TiO2 photocatalysts were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, diffusion reflectance spectrometry, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The visible-light photocatalytic activity of the catalysts was evaluated by measuring the photocatalyzed removal rate of propylene. Results indicate that the visible-light activity of N-doped TiO2 photocatalysts is highly dependent on the crystal form. Namely, N-doped anatase TiO2 has the highest visible-light activity, while the visible-light activity of N-doped TiO2 photocatalysts decreases with decreasing content of anatase phase and increasing content of rutile phase. In addition N-doped rutile TiO2 has no visible-light photocatalytic activity. N-doped titanium dioxide, crystal form, visible-light photocatalyst, photocatalytic activity 04 2009 16 Surface Review and Letters 563 567 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X09013013 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X09013013 text/html JIWEI ZHANG Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Special Functional Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China JINGWEI ZHANG Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Special Functional Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China ZHENSHENG JIN jinzhensheng@henu.edu.cn Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Special Functional Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China ZHISHEN WU Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Special Functional Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China ZHIJUN ZHANG Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Special Functional Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:16:y:2009:i:04:p:643-6432009-10-02RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article No abstract received. 04 2009 16 Surface Review and Letters 643 643 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X0901327X application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X0901327X text/html V. A. TINKOV sheyh@imp.kiev.ua Institute for Metal Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Akad. Vernadsky Blvd. 36, 03680 Kiev 142, Ukraine M. A. VASYLYEV Institute for Metal Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Akad. Vernadsky Blvd. 36, 03680 Kiev 142, Ukraine

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:16:y:2009:i:04:p:617-6212009-10-02RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Bifunctional Fe/ZrO2 was prepared by mechanical mixing method, and its bifunctional effect on reductive dechlorination of chlorobenzene in subcritical water was studied. Dechlorination efficiency increased with increasing iron content in catalyst and catalyst amount. Dechlorination efficiency slowed when the iron content in catalyst reached 30%; bifunctional catalyst of Fe/ZrO2 was more efficient in dechlorination of chlorobenzene than Fe alone. Catalyst of Fe (30%)/ZrO2 was characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), H2 temperature programmed desorption (H2-TPD), and N2 adsorption. The possible mechanism of dechlorination in subcritical water by this bifunctional catalyst was proposed. H+ produced in the water dissociation formed the highly reactive spillover hydrogen on the surface of catalyst, and then reacted with chlorobenzene adsorbed on the catalyst surface by ZrO2 to form benzene and chloride ions. Bifunctional Fe/ZrO2, reductive dechlorination, chlorobenzene, subcritical water 04 2009 16 Surface Review and Letters 617 621 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X09013050 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X09013050 text/html GUANG-TAO WEI cechwei@scut.edu.cn College of Environmental Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P. R. China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China CHAO-HAI WEI cechwei@scut.edu.cn College of Environmental Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P. R. China FENG-MEI HE cechwei@scut.edu.cn College of Environmental Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P. R. China CHAO-FEI WU cechwei@scut.edu.cn College of Environmental Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P. R. China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:16:y:2009:i:04:p:513-5172009-10-02RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article A simple hydrothermal growth process was developed to deposit conformal manganese oxide nanospheres with a diameter of 10 to 20 nm on mesoporous carbon paper. The coating of nanospheres increased the cyclic-voltammogramic response of carbon paper by a factor of 5 with a slight dependence on the scan rate. For comparison, a related chemistry was also developed to fabricate a dense packing of manganese oxide nanorods with a diameter of 20 to 50 nm and a length of approximately 500 nm. The nanorods also increased the cyclic-voltammogramic response of carbon paper but only by a factor of approximately 3. Supercapacitor, manganese oxide, nanostructures 04 2009 16 Surface Review and Letters 513 517 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X09013049 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X09013049 text/html M. A. MASTRO mastro@ccs.nrl.navy.mil US Naval Research Laboratory, Electronics Science and Technology Division, 4555 Overlook Ave., SW, Washington DC 20375, USA C. R. EDDY US Naval Research Laboratory, Electronics Science and Technology Division, 4555 Overlook Ave., SW, Washington DC 20375, USA F. KUB US Naval Research Laboratory, Electronics Science and Technology Division, 4555 Overlook Ave., SW, Washington DC 20375, USA J. PARK School of Advanced Materials Engineering, Kookmin University, Seoul, South Korea J. CHO School of Advanced Materials Engineering, Kookmin University, Seoul, South Korea J. KIM jhkim@prosys.korea.ac.kr Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:16:y:2009:i:04:p:519-5232009-10-02RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article A self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of octanethiol was vapor-deposited onto the surface of copper (Cu) nanoparticles as a means of preventing oxidation. The presence of octanethiol on the surface of Cu nanoparticles was verified using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The electrical resistance of copper nanoparticles with deposition of a 12-nm thickness of octanethiol on the surface was found to be 100 times greater than that of uncoated powders, indicating uniform SAM coating of the particles. Self-assembled monolayer (SAM), copper nanoparticles, octanethiol, conductivity 04 2009 16 Surface Review and Letters 519 523 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X09013098 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X09013098 text/html GYE-YOUNG LEE Division of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Gyeonggi-do 426-791, Korea MI-RYN SEONG Division of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Gyeonggi-do 426-791, Korea JINHYEONG KWON Division of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Gyeonggi-do 426-791, Korea DONG-KWON KIM Division of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Gyeonggi-do 426-791, Korea CAROLINE SUNYONG LEE sunyonglee@hanyang.ac.kr Division of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Gyeonggi-do 426-791, Korea GI-RA YI Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, 305-333, Korea YOUNG-SEOK KIM Korea Electronics Technology Institute, Gyeonggi-do 463-816, Korea

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:17:y:2010:i:05:p:493-4962011-06-24RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article In this work, a convenient and efficient procedure to control the morphologies of Au nanocrystals has been reported. The Au nanospheres are generated in polyvinyl-pyrrolidone/ethanol glycol system through a thermal chemical method. However, by adding a small amount of K2CO3 which influences the growth rate of various facets during the crystal growth, Au nanoplates with broad surface plasmon resonance band in 500–800 nm can be obtained. Au, nanocrystals, nanoplates, nanospheres 05 2010 17 Surface Review and Letters 493 496 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X10014338 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X10014338 text/html FENFANG SU Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics and Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China LIKUN PAN lkpan@phy.ecnu.edu.cn Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics and Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China YAN ZHENG Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics and Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China ZHUO SUN Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics and Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:17:y:2010:i:05:p:477-4862011-06-24RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Pb-9.3wt.%Sb alloy was directionally solidified upwards under argon atmosphere under the two conditions; with different temperature gradients, (G = 0.93–3.67 K/mm) at a constant growth rate (V = 17.50 μm/s) and with different growth rates (V = 8.30–497.00 μm/s) at a constant (G = 3.67 K/mm) in a Bridgman furnace. The dependence of characteristic microstructure parameters such as primary dendrite arm spacing (λ1), secondary dendrite arm spacing (λ2) and dendrite tip radius (R) on the growth rate (V) and the temperature gradient (G) were determined by using a linear regression analysis. A detailed analysis of microstructure were also made and compared with the theoretical models and similar experimental works on dendritic solidification in the literature. Dendrites, Pb-Sb alloy, microstructures, solidification, crystal growth 05 2010 17 Surface Review and Letters 477 486 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X10014326 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X10014326 text/html M. ŞAHIN Department of Physics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Niğde University, Niğde, Turkey E. ÇADIRLI Department of Physics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Niğde University, Niğde, Turkey H. KAYA hasankaya@erciyes.edu.tr Department of Science Education, Faculty of Education, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:17:y:2010:i:05:p:469-4752011-06-24RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article The problem of the CO dissociation on Mo(110) has been addressed by means of temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) and density-functional (DFT) calculations. The TPD spectra show a first-order CO desorption, which indicates the desorption from a "virgin" state, not a recombinative form of desorption. The height of the potential barrier for the dissociation (2.75 eV), estimated from DFT calculations, substantially exceeds the energy of CO chemisorption (2.1 eV), which makes the thermally induced CO dissociation on Mo improbable. Monte Carlo simulations of TPD spectra, performed using estimated chemisorption energies, are in good agreement with experiment and demonstrate that the two-peak shape of the spectra can be explained without involving the CO dissociation. Thus, the results of the present study finally refute the concept of a dissociative form of CO adsorption on Mo surfaces. Carbon oxide, dissociation, density functional calculations, Monte Carlo simulations 05 2010 17 Surface Review and Letters 469 475 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X10014314 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X10014314 text/html N. V. PETROVA Institute of Physics of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Prospect Nauki 46, Kiev 03028, Ukraine V. D. OSOVSKII Institute of Physics of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Prospect Nauki 46, Kiev 03028, Ukraine D. YU BALAKIN Institute of Physics of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Prospect Nauki 46, Kiev 03028, Ukraine YU G. PTUSHINSKII Institute of Physics of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Prospect Nauki 46, Kiev 03028, Ukraine I. N. YAKOVKIN yakov@iop.kiev.ua Institute of Physics of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Prospect Nauki 46, Kiev 03028, Ukraine

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:17:y:2010:i:05:p:445-4492011-06-24RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article The (100)-oriented Ca0.4Sr0.6Bi4Ti4O15(C0.4S0.6BTi) thin film was successfully prepared by a sol-gel method on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrate. The orientation and formation of thin films under different annealing schedules were studied using XRD and SEM. XRD analysis indicated that (100)-oriented C0.4S0.6BTi thin film with degree of orientation of I(200)/I(119) = 1.60 was prepared by preannealing the film at 400°C for 3 min followed by rapid thermal annealing at 800°C for 5 min. SEM analysis further indicated that the (100)-oriented C0.4S0.6BTi thin film with a thickness of about 800 nm was mainly composed of equiaxed grains. The remanent polarization and coercive field of the film were 16.1 μC/cm2 and 85 kV/cm, respectively. Ferroelectric thin film, Ca0.4Sr0.6Bi4Ti4O15, orientation 05 2010 17 Surface Review and Letters 445 449 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X10014351 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X10014351 text/html SUHUA FAN fsuhua@126.com College of Materials Science and Technology, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China QUANDE CHE College of Materials Science and Technology, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China FENGQING ZHANG College of Materials Science and Technology, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:17:y:2010:i:05:p:463-4682011-06-24RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article We prepared gradated nano-transient layers at different interfaces between deposited film and substrates by high-intensity pulsed ion beam (HIPIB) irradiation. The deposited film was (Al–Si) alloy and substrates were Ni and Ti, respectively. The gradated nano-transient layers at different interfaces were measured by Rutherford backscattering, its spectra were solved by SIMNRA code and then the microstructures of the gradated nano-transient layers at the interfaces of these two irradiated samples were obtained. The experimental results were analyzed by STEIPIB code. The formation of the gradated distribution of element contents in nano-transient layer at the interface can eliminate the abrupt changes of thermal and elastic characteristics at the interface. And, it can greatly reduce the mismatch of thermal expansion coefficients and Young's modulus at the interface between deposited film and substrate. Thus, after the formation of the gradated nano-transient layer, the adhesion at the interface between different materials can be enhanced and the level of thermal stresses can also be reduced in the case of thermal loading. Interface, gradated nano-transient layer, microstructure, HIPIB 05 2010 17 Surface Review and Letters 463 468 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X10014296 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X10014296 text/html JIACHANG LIANG jcliang@cauc.edu.cn jch_liang@yahoo.com College of Science, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China LIPING ZHANG College of Science, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China ZHIPING WANG College of Science, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China YIFEI CHEN College of Science, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China CHAOHUI JI College of Science, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China YANYAN ZHANG College of Science, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China PENG ZHANG Engineering and Technology Training Center, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China XUEYANG ZHANG Engineering and Technology Training Center, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China JIANXING XU College of Aeronautical Engineering, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China YUE CHEN College of Aeronautical Engineering, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China XUELAN HU College of Aeronautical Engineering, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China LIHUI JIANG Tianjin Key Laboratory for Advanced Signal Processing, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China XIAOYUN LE School of Physics and Nuclear Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Beijing 100083, China CUIHUA RONG School of Physics and Nuclear Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Beijing 100083, China MINGKAI LEI Surface Engineering Laboratory, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China JINGPING XIN Surface Engineering Laboratory, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:17:y:2010:i:05:p:441-4442011-06-24RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article We present a new theoretical approach to determine the interaction energy due to the coupling of adsorbed molecules to their environment in scanning tunneling microscopy. In fact, the above coupling energy is estimated by assuming the involved adsorbed molecules as Morse oscillators and their environment (electrodes, leads) as external reservoir. Scanning tunneling microscopy, adsorbed molecules, coupling energy, Morse oscillator, environment 05 2010 17 Surface Review and Letters 441 444 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X10014375 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X10014375 text/html M. A. GRADO-CAFFARO ma.grado-caffaro@sapienzastudies.com Sapienza SL C/Julio Palacios 11, 9-B, 28029-Madrid, Spain M. GRADO-CAFFARO Sapienza SL C/Julio Palacios 11, 9-B, 28029-Madrid, Spain

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:17:y:2010:i:05:p:457-4612011-06-24RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article We report the preparation of ZnO quantum dot hybrid luminescent resists for nanoimprint lithography. Photoluminescence spectra indicate that ZnO QDs@AMONIL have a significant increase in the luminescent intensity, an obvious blue-shift of emission peak and the Stoke's shift, revealing that ZnO QDs@AMONIL have dramatic luminescent property change instead of inhibiting or only preserving the optical properties of pure ZnO QDs. The fabrication of two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystal structure on the ZnO QDs@AMONIL by UV-based nanoimprint lithography is demonstrated at last, which confirms the luminescent ZnO QDs@AMONIL reliable processing capabilities in wavelength-scale and envisions its promising applications in the optoelectronic micro-/nanodevices. ZnO quantum dot, nanoimprint lithography, photonic crystals, resist 05 2010 17 Surface Review and Letters 457 461 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X10014363 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X10014363 text/html XIAOLI LI Research Institute of Micro/Nano-Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200300, P. R. China; Shanghai Nanotechnology Promotion Center, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China GUANGQIAN YANG Institutes to Applied Chemistry, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, P. R. China XIBING YU Institutes to Applied Chemistry, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, P. R. China WEIMIN ZHOU Shanghai Nanotechnology Promotion Center, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China JING ZHANG Shanghai Nanotechnology Promotion Center, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China YANBO LIU Shanghai Nanotechnology Promotion Center, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China QINGKANG WANG Research Institute of Micro/Nano-Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200300, P. R. China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:17:y:2010:i:05:p:497-5032011-06-24RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article In this work, a series of polycrystalline ZnO samples have been synthesized from Zn thin films deposited on Si(100) substrates by using thermal oxidation technique. The ZnO thin film samples grown by this technique were then characterized by a variety of structural and optical characterization tools. The results revealed that the use of novel annealing process i.e. the application of temperature gradient in the thermal treatment could enhance the structural and optical quality of the ZnO thin films significantly as compared to the normal annealing process, i.e. a fixed temperature under different durations. Apart from the improvement of structural and optical properties of ZnO thin films, another striking feature of this novel annealing process was the promotion of the growth of ZnO nanostructures. Thin films, structural properties, optical properties 05 2010 17 Surface Review and Letters 497 503 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X1001434X application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X1001434X text/html F. K. YAM yamfk@yahoo.com School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia S. S. TNEH School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia Y.-Q. CHAI School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia W. S. LAU School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia Z. HASSAN School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia K. G. SAW Physics Section, School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:17:y:2010:i:05:p:487-4912011-06-24RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article To prevent the carbon/carbon (C/C) composites from ablation, a new type of ablation protective coating was prepared on the surface of the C/C composites by a step pack cementation technique. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis show, the coatings obtained by pack cementation were silicon carbide/tantalum silicide (SiC-TaSi2). The ablation behavior of the coated samples were evaluated by the oxyacetylene flame. The results show that, the SiC-TaSi2 coating can improve the anti-ablative properties of C/C composites effectively. The mass ablation rate for the coated C/C composites was only 7.7 × 10-4 g/s, which was lower by 79% than that of the C/C composites after ablation for 30 s. C/C composites, ablation, coating, silicon carbide-tantalum silicide 05 2010 17 Surface Review and Letters 487 491 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X10014302 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X10014302 text/html SHUPING LI School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China; School of Science, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China KEZHI LI School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China HEJUN LI School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:17:y:2010:i:05:p:451-4552011-06-24RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Surface photovoltage of semiconductors depend strongly on their electronic structures, in particular, their Fermi energy level. This offers a possibility to characterize photoelectronic behavior using the Kelvin probe structure by measurements of work function (WF). In this paper, ZnO films were prepared using the CVD method and their microstructures and morphology were characterized using the XRD and SEM. Furthermore, photovoltage evolution and WF of selected ZnO samples were measured using a scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) system. It is found that the surface photovoltage and its time-resolved evolution process as well as the energy level structure of ZnO films can be correlated to WF very well. The present study therefore provides a simple and practical methodology for the characterization of photovoltaic behavior of semiconductor films. Photovoltaic, films 05 2010 17 Surface Review and Letters 451 455 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X10014272 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X10014272 text/html Y. HE School of Mechanical Engineering, Changchun University, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China W. ZHI School of Mechanical Engineering, Changchun University, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China B. O. ZHOU School of Mechanical Engineering, Changchun University, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:14:y:2007:i:04:p:547-5512009-04-10RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Superhydrophobic materials have been extensively studied because of their wonderful array of properties and applications. In this study, normal and superhydrophobic surface of silk fabric have been prepared via deposition of different shapes of PTFE nanostructure using magnetron sputter coating. The effects of PTFE sputter coating on surface morphology and surface chemical properties were characterized using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and ATR-FTIR (attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy). The wettability of the fabric was characterized through measuring the surface contact angle by drop shape analysis apparatus and dynamic contact angle by Wilhelmy technique. As evaluated by water contact angle measurements, all the treatments resulted in a significant enhancement in the hydrophobicity of silk fabric, while larger sputtering pressures brought bigger PTFE nanoparticles, which led to higher contact angles. The results have also revealed that alternant working pressures, could bring gradient nanostructures which generated both high contact angle and less contact angle hysteresis. Superhydrophobic, magnetron sputtering, AFM, nanostructure 04 2007 14 Surface Review and Letters 547 551 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X07009827 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X07009827 text/html F. L. HUANG Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles (Southern Yangtze University), Ministry of Education, Lihu Road 1800, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, P. R. China Q. F. WEI qfwei@sytu.edu.cn Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles (Southern Yangtze University), Ministry of Education, Lihu Road 1800, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, P. R. China W. Z. XU Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles (Southern Yangtze University), Ministry of Education, Lihu Road 1800, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, P. R. China Q. LI Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles (Southern Yangtze University), Ministry of Education, Lihu Road 1800, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, P. R. China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:13:y:2006:i:02:p:227-2332009-04-14RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article The growth mode and electronic structure of the vapor-deposited Ag overlayer on the ${\rm ZnO}(10\overline{1}0)$ surface is investigated by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy utilizing synchrotron radiation. The coverage dependent measurements of the two-dimensional band structure by the Ag 4d states reveal that the bands with a dispersing feature are developed from the low coverage region, suggesting that the Ag adatoms aggregate to form clusters with a laterally ordered structure. The Ag clusters grow in size with increasing the Ag coverage whereas the ordered atomic structure of the Ag cluster is preserved. From the analysis of the Ag 5sp band, the Ag clusters have a nonmetallic electronic structure at low coverages, and the metallic nature is developed as the size of the clusters becomes enlarged. Silver, zinc oxide, cluster, angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), electronic structure 02 2006 13 Surface Review and Letters 227 233 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X06008116 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X06008116 text/html K. OZAWA kozawa@chem.titech.ac.jp Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-0033, Japan T. SATO Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-0033, Japan M. KATO Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-0033, Japan K. EDAMOTO Department of Chemistry, Rikkyo University, Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:14:y:2007:i:04:p:559-5632009-04-14RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Wool fiber is commonly used in textile industry, however, it has some technical problems which affect the quality and performance of the finished products such as felting shrinkage, handle, lustre, pilling, and dyeability. These problems may be attributed mainly in the presence of wool scales on the fiber surface. Recently, chemical treatments such as oxidation and reduction are the commonly used descaling methods in the industry. However, as a result of the pollution caused by various chemical treatments, physical treatment such as low temperature plasma (LTP) treatment has been introduced recently because it is similarly capable of achieving a comparable descaling effect. Most of the discussions on the applications of LTP treatment on wool fiber were focused on applying this technique for improving the surface wettability and shrink resistance. Meanwhile, little discussion has been made on the mechanical properties, thermal properties, and the air permeability. In this paper, wool fabric was treated with LTP treatment with the use of a non-polymerizing gas, namely oxygen. After the LTP treatment, the fabrics low-stress mechanical properties, air permeability, and thermal properties were evaluated and discussed. Etching, oxidation, fibers, surfaces, plasma treatment and textiles 04 2007 14 Surface Review and Letters 559 563 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X07009840 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X07009840 text/html C. W. KAN tccwk@inet.polyu.edu.hk Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China C. W. M. YUEN Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China C. K. CHAN Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China M. P. LAU Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:14:y:2007:i:04:p:577-5812009-04-14RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article A phosphate protective film was prepared on carbon steel. The structure of the film was analyzed with X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) and atomic is force microscope (AFM). AFM observed the full process of film formation clearly. XPS with rotation etch displayed multilayer structure of nanometer phosphate film. During film formation, small insoluble particles (ZnCa2(PO4)2) deposit on the carbon steel surface and grew up gradually, until cover the surface entirely. Protective film, XPS, AFM 04 2007 14 Surface Review and Letters 577 581 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X07009876 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X07009876 text/html XI ZHAO School of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemistry and Technology, Beijing, 100029, China; Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry, Beijng, 100013, China GANG WEI School of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemistry and Technology, Beijing, 100029, China XU HUI ZHAO School of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemistry and Technology, Beijing, 100029, China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:12:y:2005:i:04:p:619-6222009-04-14RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Hyperbranched aliphatic polyester grafted silica nanoparticles (HAPE-SNs) have been prepared via the polycondensation of a AB2 monomer, 2, 2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid (bis-MPA) from the surface of the aminopropyl silica nanoparticles (APSNs) by a facile one-pot method catalyzed with p-toluenesulfonic acid (p-TSA). The product, HAPE-SN, is characterized by elemental analysis (EA), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) result shows that the HAPE-SNs have better dispersibility in organic solvent. Hyperbranched aliphatic polyester, polyester grafted silica nanoparticles, one-pot method 04 2005 12 Surface Review and Letters 619 622 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X05007517 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X05007517 text/html PENG LIU pliu@lzu.edu.cn Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:12:y:2005:i:05:p:727-7312009-04-14RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article CVD (chemical vapor deposition) coatings such as TiC, TiN, Al2O3 and so on are widely used as tools' surface preserved materials with corrosion resistance and wear resistance. Standard Gibbs free energy changes for reactions are widely used to approximately analyze the trends of substance reactions and phase transitions in chemical reactions, metallurgy processes, materials synthesis and processing. Hard coatings and thin films can be prepared by CVD process. Accurate calculation and plotting of the standard free energy changes and equilibrium constants for CVD TiC, TiN, Al2O3 coatings reactions are realized using the developed general computer program. Only inputting the basic thermodynamic data tabulated in data books into the computer program, the relationships of the standard free energy changes and equilibrium constants for most reactions with the temperatures can be gained in the same diagrams. Calculation and plotting, standard free energy change, equilibrium constant, CVD coatings 05 2005 12 Surface Review and Letters 727 731 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X05007955 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X05007955 text/html SHA LIU School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, P. R. China; State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, P. R. China JING QIU ZHANG Institute of Information Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, P. R. China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:12:y:2005:i:05:p:773-7792009-04-14RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Electrophoretic deposition is a good method in the preparation of hydroxyapatite/bioglass graded coatings. Its processing parameters are easy to be operated. As it is nonbeeline process, it can be used in the deposition of complex shape and porous surface. This paper reviewed the advancement of the graded coatings in recent years, concluded the principles, characters, steps of electrophoretic deposition of bioceramic coatings and analyzed influencing factors in detail, such as granularity of suspension, aging of suspension, dispersion media, PH of suspension, electricity, voltage, deposition time, pretreatment of substrate and sintering. The foreground of hydroxyapatite/bioglass graded coatings is expected. Electrophoretic deposition, hydroxyapatite, bioglass, graded coatings 05 2005 12 Surface Review and Letters 773 779 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X05007669 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X05007669 text/html LIANG YAO School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Shandong Ji'nan 250061, P. R. China CHUANZHONG CHEN czchen@sdu.edu.cn School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Shandong Ji'nan 250061, P. R. China DIANGANG WANG School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Shandong Ji'nan 250061, P. R. China QUANHE BAO School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Shandong Ji'nan 250061, P. R. China JIE MA School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Shandong Ji'nan 250061, P. R. China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:12:y:2005:i:04:p:505-5132009-04-14RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Bioglasses are promising alternatives as biomedical materials to repair or replace damaged parts of bones because of its good bioactivity and biocompatibility. It is possible to combine the bone-bonding ability of the bioglass surface with the high mechanical properties of the metallic substrate though the coating of metallic implants with bioglass. The principles and characteristics of some coating techniques, including sintering, plasma spray, sol-gel, electrophoresis deposition, ion beam assisted deposition and pulsed laser deposition, are introduced. Their current applications in preparing bioglass coatings are reviewed in detail. The future application trends are also reviewed. Bioglass, coating, bioactivity, techniques 04 2005 12 Surface Review and Letters 505 513 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X05007347 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X05007347 text/html YAFAN ZHAO School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, P. R. China; Shandong Architecture Engineering Institute, Jinan 250014, P. R. China CHUANZHONG CHEN czchen@sdu.edu.cn School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, P. R. China DIANGANG WANG School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, P. R. China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:12:y:2005:i:01:p:59-662009-04-14RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Langmuir-Blogdett (LB) monolayers of behenic acid (BA) and cadmium behenic were prepared on mica surfaces by the vertical precipitation method. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and lateral force microscopy (LFM) were used to study the morphologies of the films before and after reorganization and friction image. The LB films of fatty acid were found to self-organize into multilayers in water simply by the addition or removal of one layer of molecules, suggesting that the reorganization is a common phenomenon for monolayer on substrates in water conditions. It is considered that the H2O molecules in the first place interact with the BA amphiphilic molecules at the edge of the pinholes. The assembly of molecules at the edge of the pinholes changes with a little protuberance in the morphology. The reorganization extent was also relevant to the pH value of the water medium. Langmuir-Blogdett (LB) films, atomic force microscopy (AFM), molecular reorganization 01 2005 12 Surface Review and Letters 59 66 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X05006792 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X05006792 text/html XIAOHONG JIANG College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Jiefang Street, Changchun 130023, P. R. China; Key Lab for Special Functional Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, P. R. China XINGTANG ZHANG Key Lab for Special Functional Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, P. R. China SHUXI DAI Key Lab for Special Functional Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, P. R. China DEJUN WANG College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Jiefang Street, Changchun 130023, P. R. China YUNCAI LI Key Lab for Special Functional Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, P. R. China ZULIANG DU zld@henu.edu.cn Key Lab for Special Functional Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, P. R. China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:14:y:2007:i:01:p:23-302009-04-14RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Grafting of polymer brushes from the poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) surfaces was carried out. The active species, such as peroxide and hydroperoxide, on the surface were generated via ultraviolet (UV) irradiation pretreatment in nitrogen, followed by air exposure. Homopolymer brushes of methyl methacrylate (MMA) were prepared by the surface-initiated free radical polymerization from the peroxide initiators on the PVDF surface. The peroxides formed on UV-treated and air-exposed PVDF surfaces were determined quantitatively by the reaction with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) in toluene. The chemical composition and topography of the graft-functionalized PVDF surfaces were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), attenuated total reflectance (ATR) FT-IR spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). ATR FT-IR revealed an increase in the graft concentration of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) on PVDF surfaces with an increase of the UV irradiation pretreatment time. Water contact angles on PVDF surfaces were reduced by surface grafting of PMMA. Poly(vinylidene fluoride), free radical polymerization, ultraviolet irradiation, polymer brush 01 2007 14 Surface Review and Letters 23 30 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X07009013 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X07009013 text/html QILAN DENG School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China YIWANG CHEN ywchen@ncu.edu.cn School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China WEI SUN School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:14:y:2007:i:01:p:71-772009-04-14RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Modification of bioceramics by ion implantation of magnesium (Mg) is of interest as Mg is the fourth abundant cation in the human body. In this work, magnesium was ion-implanted into a ZrO2 based bioceramic stabilized with Y2O3 and Al2O3. Both Mg-implanted and unimplanted samples were soaked in a simulated body fluid (SBF) for a period of time. The deposits on the surface of various samples were characterized with scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). We find that the Mg-implanted ZrO2 shows better bioactivity than the plain bioceramic. These results indicate that Mg-implantation can improve the bioactivity of the ZrO2 based bioceramic. Mechanisms governing the improvement are discussed in this paper. Ion implantation, magnesium, ceramics 01 2007 14 Surface Review and Letters 71 77 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X07009086 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X07009086 text/html H. LIANG School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China Y. HUANG School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China F. HE School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China H. F. DING School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China Y. Z. WAN yzwantju@yahoo.com School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:14:y:2007:i:01:p:111-1152009-04-14RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article The electrochemical behaviors of bare/dithiol-modified gold electrode were studied in the PBS solution with/without dithiols. A pair of current peaks between -1.4 and -0.5 V is related to dithiol adsorption or re-adsorption. An oxidative peak at 0.37 V accompanied by a slight peak at 0.03 V is observed between -0.5 and 0.7 V for the bare gold electrode in the thiol solution, which is due to the formation of bilayer. When the potential is scanned to a very positive value at 1.2 V, a new oxidative peak at 1.07 V appears for the bare gold electrode in the dithiol solution or the PBS solution. The assembled dithiols are desorbed, and gold surface is exposed. The study indicates that the 1,3-propanedithiol modified electrodes should be used during the potential range of -0.8 to 0.8 V to keep the assembled layer stable. 1,3-Propanedithiol, self-assembled monolayer, dithiol, thiol, self-assembly 01 2007 14 Surface Review and Letters 111 115 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X07009128 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X07009128 text/html YUQING MIAO biosensors@zjnu.cn Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Reactive Chemistry on Solid Surfaces, Lab of Bioanalysis and Biosensor, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China JIANRONG CHEN Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Reactive Chemistry on Solid Surfaces, Lab of Bioanalysis and Biosensor, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China XIAOHUA WU Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Reactive Chemistry on Solid Surfaces, Lab of Bioanalysis and Biosensor, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China KEMING FANG Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Reactive Chemistry on Solid Surfaces, Lab of Bioanalysis and Biosensor, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:14:y:2007:i:01:p:129-1342009-04-14RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Fabrication of structures on the micro- and nanometer scales is of great importance for both fundamental research and potential applications. While microlithography methods are relatively established, the production of multi-component micro- and nanostructures with high density still presents difficulties. In this paper, a novel strategy termed as two-dimensional (2D) stepwise contraction and adsorption nanolithography (SCAN) is used to fabricate true-color micropatterns through a series of size-reduction process based on the physical elasticity of elastomer. Faithful multicolor patterns with feature size about 30 times smaller than the initial ones can be fabricated by employing the 2D SCAN. The simplicity and high throughput capability of SCAN make it a competitive alternative to other micro- and nanolithography techniques. Size reduction, high density, multicolor micropatterns, contact printing, 2D stepwise contraction, adsorption nanolithography (SCAN) 01 2007 14 Surface Review and Letters 129 134 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X07009141 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X07009141 text/html HAI LI Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 800-204, Shanghai 201800, P. R. China; Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, P. R. China XIAO-DONG ZHANG xdzhang@sjtu.edu.cn Bio-X DNA Computer Consortium, Bio-X Life Science Research Center, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai JiaoTong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China YI ZHANG Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 800-204, Shanghai 201800, P. R. China ZHEN-QIAN OUYANG Bio-X DNA Computer Consortium, Bio-X Life Science Research Center, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai JiaoTong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China JUN HU Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 800-204, Shanghai 201800, P. R. China; Bio-X DNA Computer Consortium, Bio-X Life Science Research Center, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai JiaoTong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:13:y:2006:i:04:p:403-4112009-04-14RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article It is known that the press formability and the elongation of laser textured sheet are improved, and the service life of textured roll is longer than that of the un-textured roll due to hardening of the treated surface. One of the goals to develop high repetitive rate YAG laser-induced discharge texturing (LIDT) is to get deeper hardening zone. By observing and measuring cross-section of LIDT spots in different discharge conditions, it is found that the single-crater, which is formed by the discharge conditions of anode, which is covered by an oil film and with rectangular current waveform, has the most depth of heat affected zone (HAZ) comparing with other crater shapes when discharge energy is the same. The depth of HAZ is mainly depends on pulse duration when the discharge spot is single-crater. The results are analyzed. Laser, heat affected zone, discharge 04 2006 13 Surface Review and Letters 403 411 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X06008372 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X06008372 text/html ZHENGYANG LI Key Laboratory for Advanced Manufacturing by Materials Processing Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China; Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, P. R. China MINGJIANG YANG Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, P. R. China MINLIN ZHONG Key Laboratory for Advanced Manufacturing by Materials Processing Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China WENJIN LIU Key Laboratory for Advanced Manufacturing by Materials Processing Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:14:y:2007:i:01:p:101-1102009-04-14RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article This paper reports on further research into the structure and properties of the cleaved surfaces of silicon, using vacuum cleavage luminescence detection methods.Results show resistance partially recovers during the cleavage process through "crack healing". When the elasticity of the parts transmitting the applied stress temporarily absorbs the initial rupture stress, the crack stops and partially re-closes until the applied force "catches up" and reapplies stress. The high resistance created by the two Schottky barriers prevents resistance recovery from mere surfaces re-contact. Instead, resistance recovery from the atom-to-atom re-closure surface healing is more likely, as expected from a Three Bond Scission Model (TBS) silicon surface structure. 01 2007 14 Surface Review and Letters 101 110 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X07009050 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X07009050 text/html DONGGUANG LI d.li@ecu.edu.au Edith Cowan University, Mt Lawley, Western Australia 6050, Australia

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:14:y:2007:i:04:p:703-7072009-04-14RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Interdiffusion parameters are often extracted from depth profiles of the interface of annealed thin films by measuring the annealing time of the sample as well as the distance over which interdiffusion took place. The annealing time is usually taken as the time from the moment the sample enters the oven to the exact moment the sample is removed from the oven. However, diffusion does not start and stop at these points, as the temperature of the sample does not change instantaneously. Any calculation performed with the instantaneous and therefore erroneous time will result in incorrect diffusion parameters extracted from the depth profiles. The influence of the extended heating period is studied by solving Fick's second law numerically and employing three distinct heating profiles in the calculations, namely instantaneous, actual, and linear. The results indicate a clear difference between the first two calculated depth profiles. Using these calculations and some experimental results, a method that employs linear heating and cooling of a sample is proposed for studying the interdiffusion of fast diffusing elements (with low activation energies). Diffusion parameters, thin films, interdiffusion calculations, diffusion profile 04 2007 14 Surface Review and Letters 703 707 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X07009967 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X07009967 text/html H. D. JOUBERT Department of Physics, University of the Free State, P. O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, ZA-9300, South Africa J. J. TERBLANS Department of Physics, University of the Free State, P. O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, ZA-9300, South Africa H. C. SWART swarthc.sci@mail.uovs.ac.za Department of Physics, University of the Free State, P. O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, ZA-9300, South Africa

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:12:y:2005:i:04:p:651-6572009-04-14RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article The formation of femtosecond pulsed laser-induced periodic surface structure on GaN is reported for the first time (to our knowledge) in this paper. It has been found that the formation of the laser-induced ripples is very much dependent and quite sensitive to the laser conditions of the incident laser beam energy fluence and pulse numbers. Possibly due to the unique property of high-defect density of GaN material, the process window for laser-induced ripple formation is quite narrow compared to other materials such as InP, GaP, Al2O3 etc. Nevertheless, through finely adjusting laser beam fluence and pulse number, subwavelength periodic ripples could be formed on the GaN surface. The formation of such periodic two-dimensional structures was attributed to optical interference of the incident laser light with scattered waves from a surface disturbance. Photoluminescence emission could still be detected on the GaN ripple area, indicating little degradation of GaN optical property after femtosecond laser processing. The femtosecond laser-induced ripple structure has potential applications in the fabrication of nanostructures for the GaN-based devices. Femtosecond pulsed laser, ripple formation, GaN, laser fluence, subwavelength period 04 2005 12 Surface Review and Letters 651 657 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X05007530 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X05007530 text/html X. C. WANG xcwang@SIMTech.a-star.edu.sg Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, 71 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 638075, Singapore G. C. LIM Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, 71 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 638075, Singapore F. L. NG Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, 71 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 638075, Singapore W. LIU Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602, Singapore S. J. CHUA Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602, Singapore

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:15:y:2008:i:01:p:145-1512009-04-14RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Three new asymmetric photochromic diarylethenes bearing fluorine atoms at the ortho-, meta-, or para-position of one terminal phenyl group were synthesized, and their photochromism and kinetics of the photochromic cyclization/cycloreversion both in different solvents and in PMMA films were investigated. The results showed that the cyclization/cycloreversion process of these compounds were determined to be zeroth/first order reaction, and the reaction rates (k) were obtained from the slope of every line. The substituent position effect on the cycloreversion process of the three compounds was remarkable and the solvent polarity enhanced this effect. The values of reaction rates in PMMA films were quite different from those in solvents indicating that the kinetics processes of the three compounds taking place in PMMA films differs from the same processes occurring in common solvent. Photochromic, kinetics, substituent position effect 01 2008 15 Surface Review and Letters 145 151 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X08011135 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X08011135 text/html MIN LI Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China; College of Biology, Chemistry and Material Science, East China Institute of Technology, Fuzhou 344000, Jiangxi, China SHOUZHI PU pushouzhi@tsinghua.org.cn Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China CHUNHONG ZHENG Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China MINGBIAO LUO College of Biology, Chemistry and Material Science, East China Institute of Technology, Fuzhou 344000, Jiangxi, China ZHANGGAO LE College of Biology, Chemistry and Material Science, East China Institute of Technology, Fuzhou 344000, Jiangxi, China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:14:y:2007:i:01:p:93-1002009-04-14RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Cathodic Arc Physical Vapor Deposition (CAPVD), a technique used for the deposition of hard coatings, for tooling applications, has many advantages. The main drawback of this technique is the formation of macrodroplets (MDs) during deposition, resulting in films with rougher morphology. Constant etching, by increasing nitrogen gas flow rate up to 200 sccm, helped in reducing the MD size and number; at higher rates, of say 300 sccm, the behavior was reversed. Minimum value of surface roughness recorded at 200 sccm was measured via both surface roughness tester and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Micro-Vickers hardness of TiN-coated tool showed about 564% times increase in hardness than the uncoated one. Scratch tester was used to study the critical loads for the coating and the excellent adhesion achievable, of say 200 sccm, was demonstrated, with relevance to the various modes. PVD, TiN, macrodroplets, surface roughness, microhardness, adhesion 01 2007 14 Surface Review and Letters 93 100 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X07009104 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X07009104 text/html MUBARAK ALI mubarak74@mail.com Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia ESAH BINTI HAMZAH esah@fkm.utm.my Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia MOHD RADZI HJ. MOHD TOFF mradzit@sirim.my Advanced Materials Research Center (AMREC), SIRIM Berhad, Lot 34, Jalan Hi-Tech 2/3, Kulim Hi-Tech Park, 09000 Kulim, Kedah, Malaysia

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:12:y:2005:i:01:p:75-842009-04-14RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article ZrO2-Al2O3 laminated ceramics of 3 layers were prepared by dry-pressing and pressureless sintering, and their mechanical properties and toughening mechanisms were studied. Furthermore, their tribological behaviors and wear mechanisms under dry friction and water lubrication conditions were also investigated, and compared with those of monolayer ZrO2-Al2O3 ceramics under the same conditions. The results show that the bending strength, fracture toughness and hardness of the laminated ceramics are all better than those of the monolayer ceramics, moreover the friction factor and wear rate of the laminated ceramics are clearly lower than those of the monolayer ceramics. The excellent mechanical properties of the laminated ceramics, especially toughness, result mainly from effects of residual stress in the specially-designed layer, interface structure and phase transformation together. Good tribological properties of the laminated ceramics are supposed due to the high toughness and low shearing stress in the wear surface. The friction and wear of the composites are effectively decreased by water lubrication because of the transformation of the main wear mechanisms from abrasive and adhesive wear under dry friction to tribo-chemical and fatigue wear under water lubrication. 3-layer structure ceramics, residual stress, wear mechanism, dry friction, water lubrication 01 2005 12 Surface Review and Letters 75 84 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X05006809 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X05006809 text/html ZEHUA ZHOU Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China PEIDAO DING Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China SHOUHONG TAN Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China JUNSI LAN Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P. R.China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:14:y:2007:i:04:p:565-5692009-04-14RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Fiber modifications by environmentally friendly processing are essential in order to simplify the preparation and finishing processes, in addition to minimizing the chemical waste and associated disposal problem. In this regard, enzymes have been used extensively because it can remove the small fiber ends from yarn surface to create a smooth fabric surface appearance and introduce a degree of softness without using traditional chemical treatment. However, a significant strength reduction and slow reaction rate of the enzymatic reaction limit its industrial application. In this paper, the potential of using low-temperature plasma (LTP) as a surface pre-treatment prior to enzyme treatment on flax fiber has been studied. By means of the LTP pre-treatment, the effectiveness of enzyme treatment can be enhanced. Cellulosic fibre, enzyme, surface treatment 04 2007 14 Surface Review and Letters 565 569 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X07009852 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X07009852 text/html C. W. KAN tccwk@inet.polyu.edu.hk Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China C. W. M. YUEN Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China S. Q. JIANG Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:12:y:2005:i:04:p:597-6042009-04-14RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Pulsed laser deposition (PLD) exhibits unique advantages for the preparation of functional thin films which are widely used in microelectronics, photoelectrons, integrate circuits, superconductors and biomedical fields. The principle of and the characteristics of PLD are introduced, its applications in ferroelectrics, high-temperature superconductors, diamond-like and superlattices. The future application trend is reviewed. Pulsed laser deposition (PLD), functional thin film, preparation, application 04 2005 12 Surface Review and Letters 597 604 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X05007487 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X05007487 text/html YAFAN ZHAO School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, P. R. China; Shandong Architecture Engineering Institute, Jinan 250014, P. R. China CHUANZHONG CHEN czchen@sdu.edu.cn School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, P. R. China LUBIN CHEN School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, P. R. China QUANHE BAO School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, P. R. China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:13:y:2006:i:04:p:509-5172009-04-14RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Laser cladding is one kind of advanced surface modification technology and has the abroad prospect in making the wear-resistant coating on metal substrates. However, the application of laser cladding technology does not achieve the people's expectation in the practical production because of many defects such as cracks, pores and so on. The addiction of rare earth can effectively reduce the number of cracks in the clad coating and enhance the coating wear-resistance. In the paper, the effects of rare earth on metallurgical quality, microstructure, phase structure and wear-resistance are analyzed in turns. The preliminary discussion is also carried out on the effect mechanism of rare earth. At last, the development tendency of rare earth in the laser cladding has been briefly elaborated. Rare earth, laser cladding, microstructure, cracks, wear-resistance 04 2006 13 Surface Review and Letters 509 517 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X0600875X application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X0600875X text/html RUILIANG BAO School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Shandong Ji'nan 250061, P. R. China HUIJUN YU Mechanical Engineering School, Shandong University, Shandong Ji'nan 250061, P. R. China CHUANZHONG CHEN czchen@sdu.edu.cn School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Shandong Ji'nan 250061, P. R. China QING DONG School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Shandong Ji'nan 250061, P. R. China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:14:y:2007:i:01:p:17-212009-04-14RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Based on Pauling's nature of chemical bond, the valence electron structures of TiN and FeAl have been constructed, and the relative electron density differences (REDD) between the low index plane of TiN and FeAl, respectively, have been calculated. [110] FeAl//[110]TiN crystallography orientation has been set up from the minimization of the electron density difference across the interface. From the viewpoint of improving the mechanical properties of composites, the formation of such structures must been engineered in the fabrication processing. Valence electron structure, intermetallics matrix composite, electron density 01 2007 14 Surface Review and Letters 17 21 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X07009037 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X07009037 text/html L. X. PANG Key Lab of Liquid Structure and Heredity of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, P. R. China K. N. SUN Key Lab of Liquid Structure and Heredity of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, P. R. China S. REN Key Lab of Liquid Structure and Heredity of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, P. R. China J. Q. BI Key Lab of Liquid Structure and Heredity of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, P. R. China R. H. FAN Key Lab of Liquid Structure and Heredity of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, P. R. China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:12:y:2005:i:04:p:623-6302009-04-14RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Solute crystallization equilibrium contains a stable equilibrium and an unstable equilibrium. The system must get across an energy peak of unstable equilibrium first, and then get into an energy valley of stable equilibrium during the solute crystallization. When solution is diluted, the energy peak becomes high, and the energy valley becomes shallow, the solute crystallization becomes difficult and the dissolution of the crystallized product becomes easy; when solution is diluted to a certain extent, the energy peak and the energy valley combine into one, and crystallization of the solute becomes impossible. Solute crystallization, stability of equilibrium 04 2005 12 Surface Review and Letters 623 630 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X05007529 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X05007529 text/html SHIMIN ZHANG College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:13:y:2006:i:04:p:413-4212009-04-14RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article A study has been made on TiN coatings deposited on D2 tool steel substrates by using commercially available cathodic arc evaporation, physical vapor deposition technique. The goal of this work is to determine the usefulness of TiN coatings in order to improve the micro-Vickers hardness, coefficient of friction and surface roughness of TiN coating deposited on tool steel, which is vastly use in tool industry for various applications. A pin-on-disc test was carried out to study the coefficient of friction versus sliding distance of TiN coating at various ion etching rates. The tribo-test showed that the minimum value recorded for friction coefficient was 0.386 and 0.472 with standard deviation of 0.056 and 0.036 for the coatings deposited at zero and 16 min ion etching. The differences in friction coefficient and surface roughness was mainly associated with the macrodroplets, which was produced during etching stage. The coating deposited for 16 min metal ion etching showed the maximum hardness, i.e., about five times higher than uncoated one and 1.24 times to the coating deposited at zero ion etching. After friction test, the wear track was observed by using field emission scanning electron microscope. The coating deposited for zero ion etching showed small amounts of macrodroplets as compared to the coating deposited for 16 min ion etching. The elemental composition on the wear scar were investigated by means of energy dispersive X-ray, indicate no further TiN coating on wear track. A considerable improvement in TiN coatings was recorded as a function of various ion etching rates. PVD, TiN, metal ion etching, friction coefficient, hardness, surface roughness 04 2006 13 Surface Review and Letters 413 421 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X06008384 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X06008384 text/html MUBARAK ALI mubarak74@mail.com Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia ESAH BINTI HAMZAH esah@fkm.utm.my Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia MOHD RADZI HJ. MOHD TOFF m.radzi_m.toff@sirim.my Advanced Materials Research Center (AMREC), SIRIM Berhad, Lot 34, Jalan Hi-Tech 2/3, Kulim Hi-Tech Park, 09000 Kulim, Kedah, Malaysia

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:12:y:2005:i:01:p:67-742009-04-14RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article We theoretically investigate the spin-dependent transport properties of electrons in realistic magnetic-electric barrier nanostructures, which are produced by the deposition, on top of a heterostructure, of a metallic ferromagnetic stripe with an applied voltage. The degree of the electron-spin polarization is found to be closely associated with this voltage, although the use of applied voltage itself induces no spin polarization effect. As a positive voltage is applied to the stripe the electron-spin polarization shifts towards the low-energy region and increases; it shifts towards the high-energy direction and reduces for a negative applied voltage. These results shown in this work imply that the degree of electron-spin polarization can be tuned by means of an applied voltage on the stripes of system, which may result in a practical voltage-controlled spin filter. Magnetic-electric barrier, spin filtering, spintronics, spin polarization, 73.40.Gk, 73.23.-b, 75.70.Cn 01 2005 12 Surface Review and Letters 67 74 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X05006780 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X05006780 text/html MAO-WANG LU Department of Electronic Engineering and Physics, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou, Hunan 425006, P. R. China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:12:y:2005:i:04:p:631-6432009-04-14RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Cathodic arc evaporation (CAE) is a widely-used technique for generating highly ionized plasma from which hard and wear resistant physical vapor deposition (PVD) coatings can be deposited. A major drawback of this technique is the emission of micrometer-sized droplets of cathode material from the arc spot, which are commonly referred to as "macroparticles." In present study, titanium nitride (TiN) coatings on high-speed steel (HSS) coupons were produced with a cathodic arc evaporation technique. We studied and discussed the effect of various nitrogen gas flow rates on microstructural and mechanical properties of TiN-coated HSS coupons. The coating properties investigated in this work included the surface morphology, thickness of deposited coating, adhesion between the coating and substrate, coating composition, coating crystallography, hardness and surface characterization using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD) with glazing incidence angle (GIA) technique, scratch tester, hardness testing machine, surface roughness tester, and atomic force microscope (AFM). An increase in the nitrogen gas flow rate showed decrease in the formation of macro-droplets in CAE PVD technique. During XRD-GIA studies, it was observed that by increasing the nitrogen gas flow rate, the main peak [1,1,1] shifted toward the lower angular position. Surface roughness decreased with an increase in nitrogen gas flow rate but was higher than the uncoated polished sample. Microhardness of TiN-coated HSS coupons showed more than two times increase in hardness than the uncoated one. Scratch tester results showed good adhesion between the coating material and substrate. Considerable improvement in the properties of TiN-deposited thin films was achieved by the strict control of all operational steps. Deposition, TiN, physical vapor deposition (PVD), cathodic arc, micro-structure, hardness, surface roughness, high-speed steel (HSS) 04 2005 12 Surface Review and Letters 631 643 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X05007542 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X05007542 text/html ALI MUBARAK mubarak74@mail.com Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia ESAH BINTI HAMZAH esah@fkm.utm.my Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia MOHD RADZI HJ. MOHD TOFF mradzit@sirim.my Coating Materials Programme, Advanced Materials Research Center (AMREC), SIRIM Berhad, Lot 34, Jalan Hi-Tech 2/3, Kulim Hi-Tech Park, 09000 Kulim, Kedah, Malaysia ABDUL HAKIM BIN HASHIM hakim@sirim.my Coating Materials Programme, Advanced Materials Research Center (AMREC), SIRIM Berhad, Lot 34, Jalan Hi-Tech 2/3, Kulim Hi-Tech Park, 09000 Kulim, Kedah, Malaysia

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:13:y:2006:i:05:p:585-5922009-04-14RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article We have studied the influence of the methane gas (CH4) flow rate on the composition and structural and electrical properties of nitrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C:N) films grown by surface wave microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (SWMP-CVD) using Auger electron spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy, four-point probe and two-probe method resistance measurement. The photoelectrical properties of a-C:N films were also studied. We have succeeded to grow a-C:N films using a novel method of SWMP-CVD at room temperature and found that the deposition rate, bonding and optical and electrical properties of a-C:N films are strongly dependent on the CH4 gas sources, and the a-C:N films grown at higher CH4 gas flow rate have relatively high electrical conductivity for both cases of in dark and under illumination condition. Surface wave, microwave, methane, gas flow rate, amorphous carbon nitride, a-C:N 05 2006 13 Surface Review and Letters 585 592 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X06008530 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X06008530 text/html M. RUSOP rusop8@gmail.com Institute of Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, Malaysia S. ABDULLAH Institute of Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, Malaysia A. M. M. OMER Department of Electronic Engineering, Chubu University, Matsumoto-cho 1200, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan S. ADHIKARI Department of Electronic Engineering, Chubu University, Matsumoto-cho 1200, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan T. SOGA Department of Environmental Technology and Urban Planning, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan T. JIMBO Research Center for Nano-Device and System, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan M. UMENO Department of Electronic Engineering, Chubu University, Matsumoto-cho 1200, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:14:y:2007:i:03:p:403-4092009-04-14RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article The electronic structure of AgCd2GaS4 crystal has been studied with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Chemical bonding effects have been observed by comparative analysis of binding energies of element core levels and crystal structure of AgCd2GaS4 and several ternary sulfides. It has been shown for Ga-bearing sulfides that the increase of mean chemical bond length between gallium and sulfur ions is directly related to the decrease of chemical shift of cation core level binding energy. Quaternary sulfide, XPS, electronic structure, chemical bonding 03 2007 14 Surface Review and Letters 403 409 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X07009608 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X07009608 text/html V. V. ATUCHIN atuchin@thermo.isp.nsc.ru Laboratory of Optical Materials and Structures, Institute of Semiconductor Physics, SB RAS, Novosibirsk 90, 630090, Russia V. G. KESLER Technical Centre, Institute of Semiconductor Physics, SB RAS, Novosibirsk 90, 630090, Russia O. V. PARASYUK Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Volyn State University, Voli Ave 13, Lutsk 43025, Ukraine

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:15:y:2008:i:05:p:599-6032009-04-14RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article The effective elastic modulus and fracture toughness of the nanofilm were derived with the surface relaxation and the surface energy taken into consideration by means of the interatomic potential of an ideal crystal. The size effects of the effective elastic modulus and fracture toughness were discussed when the thickness of the nanofilm was reduced. And the dependence of the size effects on the surface relaxation and surface energy was also analyzed. Size-dependent, surface effects, elastic modulus, fracture toughness, nanofilm, 62.20.Dc, 68.35.-p, 68.60.-p, 68.60.Bs 05 2008 15 Surface Review and Letters 599 603 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X08011901 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X08011901 text/html JIAN-GANG GUO Department of Mechanics, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China LI-JUN ZHOU Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology and Education, Tianjin 300222, China YA-PU ZHAO yzhao@imech.ac.cn State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:14:y:2007:i:04:p:841-8442009-04-14RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article The structure and transport properties for La2/3Ca1/3MnO3 (LCMO)/YBa1.8Eu0.2Cu3O7 (YBECO) multilayers are studied. The lattice constants for each sub-layer decrease with decreasing the temperature. The morphology of the films depends on the thickness of each sub-layer. Grains growing on the surface of each sample are believed to release the lattice strain. We believe that the lattice strain may affect the transport properties of LCMO and YBECO in the periodic films. The grains appearing on the surface of the film may enlarge the width of the superconducting transition of YBECO, and the metal-to-insulator transition of LCMO. 04 2007 14 Surface Review and Letters 841 844 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X07010147 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X07010147 text/html Y. M. ZHANG Lab of Solid State Microstructures, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nangjing 210093, China Z. S. JIANG Lab of Solid State Microstructures, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nangjing 210093, China X. S. WU xswu@nju.edu.cn Lab of Solid State Microstructures, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nangjing 210093, China W. S. TAN Department of Applied Physics, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, Nanjing, China J. GAO Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokflam Road, Hong Kong, China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:15:y:2008:i:01:p:111-1162009-04-14RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article A numerical study is needed to gain insight into the growth mechanism and improve the reactor design or optimize the deposition condition in chemical vapor deposition (CVD). In this study, we have performed a numerical analysis of the deposition of gallium arsenide (GaAs) from trimethyl gallium (TMG) and arsine in a vertical CVD reactor. The effects of operating parameters, such as the rotation velocity of susceptor, inlet velocity, and inlet TMG fraction, are investigated and presented. The three-dimensional model which is used in this investigation includes complete coupling between the thermal-fluid transport and species transport with chemical reaction. CVD, gallium arsenide, reactor design, Arrhenius model, deposition rate 01 2008 15 Surface Review and Letters 111 116 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X0801107X application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X0801107X text/html JAE-SANG BAEK School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea; Center for Advanced Plasma Surface Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea JIN-HYO BOO Center for Advanced Plasma Surface Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea YOUN-JEA KIM yjkim@skku.edu School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea; Center for Advanced Plasma Surface Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:16:y:2009:i:06:p:895-8992010-03-05RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Chemical bath deposition (CBD) and ultrasonic chemical bath deposition (US-CBD) of ZnS thin films from NH4OH/SC(NH2)2/ZnSO4 solutions have been studied. The influence of the ultrasonic vibration on properties of ZnS thin films has been investigated. The growth rate, structure, and properties of ZnS thin film deposited by different CBD techniques were studied using X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscope (AFM). The results show that the growth rate of US-CBD is slower than that of CBD. The XRD analysis of as-deposited ZnS films shows that the films are both cubic ZnS structure and the crystallinity of US-CBD ZnS film is higher than that of CBD ZnS film. SEM studies indicate that adhesion particles on the US-CBD ZnS surface are fewer than that on the CBD ZnS surface. Moreover, the film prepared by US-CBD is homogeneous and with high compactness. The rms roughness (Rrms) value of CBD ZnS film is higher than that of US-CBD. Transmission measurement shows that the optical transmittance of US-CBD ZnS is higher than that of CBD ZnS, and the optical transmittance is above 90% when the wavelength is over 470 nm. The band gap (Eg) values of the films deposited by CBD and US-CBD are 3.50 and 3.67 eV, respectively. Chemical bath deposition (CBD), ultrasonic chemical bath deposition (US-CBD), ultrasonic vibration, ZnS thin films 06 2009 16 Surface Review and Letters 895 899 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X0901344X application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X0901344X text/html QI LIU Mechanical Engineering Department, Anhui University of Technology and Science, Anhui Wuhu, 241000, China GUOBING MAO Mechanical Engineering Department, Anhui University of Technology and Science, Anhui Wuhu, 241000, China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:16:y:2009:i:06:p:855-8672010-03-05RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article A wave optical treatment of surface step contrast in a low-energy electron microscopy (LEEM) is presented. The aberrations of an idealised LEEM imaging system are directly incorporated into a transfer function (TF) and image simulations of surface steps are evaluated in one and two dimensions. Under the special circumstances of a weak phase object, the simplified form of the contrast transfer function (CTF) is used to discuss LEEM image contrast and optimum defocus conditions. Contrast transfer function, low-energy electron microscopy (LEEM), phase contrast imaging, surface steps 06 2009 16 Surface Review and Letters 855 867 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X09013402 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X09013402 text/html S. M. KENNEDY School of Physics, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia N. E. SCHOFIELD School of Physics, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia D. M. PAGANIN School of Physics, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia D. E. JESSON david.jesson@sci.monash.edu.au School of Physics, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:16:y:2009:i:06:p:929-9332010-03-05RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article We demonstrate a simple and cost-effective approach to realize two combined surface features of different scales together, namely submillimeter-sized protrusion array and microwrinkles, atop a polystyrene shape-memory polymer. Two different types of protrusions, namely flat-top protrusion and crown-shaped protrusion, were studied. The array of protrusions was produced by the Indentation-Polishing-Heating (IPH) process. Compactly packed steel balls were used for making array of indents. A thin gold layer was sputter deposited atop the polymer surface right after polishing. After heating for shape recovery, array of protrusions with wrinkles on the top due to the buckling of gold layer was produced. Buckling, protrusion, shape-memory polymer, shape recovery, wrinkles 06 2009 16 Surface Review and Letters 929 933 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X09013505 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X09013505 text/html L. SUN School of Civil Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang, P. R. China Y. ZHAO School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore W. M. HUANG mwmhuang@ntu.edu.sg School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore T. H. TONG Cornerstone Research Group, Incorporated, 2750 Indian Ripple Road, Dayton, USA

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:16:y:2009:i:06:p:881-8862010-03-05RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition has been used to synthesize diamond-like carbon (DLC) thin films. High purity argon and methane gases were used as precursors for the fabrication of the DLC films. The influence of plasma pretreatment on the growth of the DLC films has been studied by subjecting one of the substrates to plasma pretreatment prior to deposition of the DLC films, while maintaining the other substrate as the control. The structural properties of the DLC films have been characterized using atomic force microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The film grown on the pretreated substrate shows a more uniform coating as compared to the film grown on non-pretreated silicon substrate. The results are discussed based on diffusivity of carbon on silicon and the effect of the plasma pretreatment. Argon ion, AFM, diamond-like carbon, plasma pretreatment, Raman spectroscopy 06 2009 16 Surface Review and Letters 881 886 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X09013426 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X09013426 text/html R. MAHESWARAN Center for Materials Science and Nanodevices, Department of Physics, SRM University, Kattankulathur-603 203, India SHIVARAMAN RAMASWAMY Nanotechnology Research Center, SRM University, Kattankulathur-603 203, India OJAS MAHAPATRA Nanotechnology Research Center, SRM University, Kattankulathur-603 203, India B. PURNACHANDRA RAO Center for Materials Science and Nanodevices, Department of Physics, SRM University, Kattankulathur-603 203, India C. GOPALAKRISHNAN Nanotechnology Research Center, SRM University, Kattankulathur-603 203, India D. JOHN THIRUVADIGAL djthiruvadigal@ph.srmuniv.ac.in Center for Materials Science and Nanodevices, Department of Physics, SRM University, Kattankulathur-603 203, India

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:16:y:2009:i:06:p:901-9042010-03-05RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article In this work, we report the morphology and optical properties of zinc oxide (ZnO) layers prepared by dry thermal oxidation at different annealing conditions. Morphology studies using scanning electron microscope (SEM) show that the amount of nanowires and nanosheets increases with the introduction of a flow of O2 gas. High-resolution X-ray diffraction (HR-XRD) data show that typical polycrystalline ZnO nanostructure layers have been deposited. Near-perfect stoichiometry of Zn and O atom vacancies has been observed from energy dispersion spectroscopy (EDS) spectrum. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra show strong peaks at UV and green regions. An increase in the stoichiometry of ZnO has been achieved with the oxygen gas flow during annealing indicating that deep-level defects represented by interstitial oxygen and antisite oxygen are gas pressure dependent. A single exciton peak with binding energy 60 meV has been observed at room temperature. Excitons binding energy, nanosheet, nanowire, PL, ZnO 06 2009 16 Surface Review and Letters 901 904 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X09013451 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X09013451 text/html S. S. TNEH Nano-Optoelectronics Research Laboratory, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, 11800 Penang, Malaysia H. ABU HASSAN Nano-Optoelectronics Research Laboratory, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, 11800 Penang, Malaysia K. G. SAW galleosau@hotmail.com Physics Section, School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, 11800 Penang, Malaysia F. K. YAM Nano-Optoelectronics Research Laboratory, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, 11800 Penang, Malaysia Z. HASSAN Nano-Optoelectronics Research Laboratory, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, 11800 Penang, Malaysia

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:16:y:2009:i:06:p:821-8302010-03-05RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article The wear resistances of AZ91D magnesium alloy with and without microarc oxidation (MAO) coating and Ti6Al4V alloy in artificial saliva were investigated at room temperature. The wear resistance of AZ91D magnesium alloy in artificial saliva was significantly improved after microarc oxidation treatment. The volume loss of untreated AZ91D magnesium alloy sample was 20.95 times of that of AZ91D magnesium alloy with MAO coating, and that of Ti6Al4V was 5.42 times of that of MAO. Furthermore, the wear resistance of AZ91D magnesium alloy was lower than that of Ti6Al4V alloy in artificial saliva. The wear mechanisms of AZ91D magnesium and Ti6Al4V were discussed. It was found that the wear mechanism of the MAO was associated with abrasion and microfracture. There were two dominative wear mechanisms for AZ91D alloy and Ti6Al4V alloy under the loading conditions used in the experiment, namely, micro-machining wear and deformation-induced wear. AZ91D magnesium alloy, artificial saliva, microarc oxidation, Ti6Al4V alloy, wear resistance 06 2009 16 Surface Review and Letters 821 830 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X09013372 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X09013372 text/html X. P. ZHANG xpzhang@mail.njust.edu.cn. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China Y. S. ZOU Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China F. M. WU Stomatological College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China Z. P. ZHAO Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China L. YOU Stomatological College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China C. F. GU Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China Y. Z. LIAO Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:16:y:2009:i:06:p:789-7962010-03-05RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Titanium and titanium alloys are widely used in many fields due to some of their characteristics such as light density, high strength, and excellent corrosion resistance. However, poor mechanical performances limit their practical applications. Laser gas nitriding is a promising method used to improve the surface properties of components. Recent developments on laser gas nitriding of titanium and titanium alloys are reviewed. The processing parameters have important effects on the resulting characteristics of titanium and titanium alloys. The resulting microstructure and properties of laser gas nitrided specimens are presented. The problems to be solved and the prospects in the field of laser gas nitriding of titanium and titanium alloys are discussed. Laser gas nitriding, layer, microstructure, property, titanium 06 2009 16 Surface Review and Letters 789 796 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X09013311 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X09013311 text/html J. J. DAI daijingjie@mail.sdu.edu.cn Qingdao Binhai University, Qingdao, Shandong 266555, P. R. China S. Q. HOU Qingdao Binhai University, Qingdao, Shandong 266555, P. R. China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:16:y:2009:i:06:p:935-9402010-03-05RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article The photodetachment of H- on the surface of helium is investigated by quantum and semiclassical Green function approaches. It is found that a new sinusoidal oscillation is introduced in the photodetachment cross-section because of the existence of helium surface. Both quantum and semiclassical approaches give similar results but with minor difference when the photon energy is higher than the surface potential. The new oscillation is formed due to transmissions and reflections of the photodetached electronic waves on helium surface. It provides a simple system to test quantum reflection. Green function method, helium, photodetachment, 73.21.-b, 73.43.Lp, 32.60.+i 06 2009 16 Surface Review and Letters 935 940 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X09013323 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X09013323 text/html GUANGCAN YANG yanggc@wzu.edu.cn School of Physics and Electronic Information, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. China NINGYU YANG School of Physics and Electronic Information, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. China KUIKUI RUI School of Physics and Electronic Information, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:17:y:2010:i:04:p:425-4302011-03-25RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article ZnO nanoneedle arrays were obtained from the transformation of ZnC2O4 precipitate, which was synthesized via electrodeposited method at room temperature. The diameter of those grown ZnO nanoneedles is about 80 nm. The XRD pattern and the HRTEM image indicate that the grown ZnO nanoneedles have the preferential growth toward (101) direction. The possible growth mechanism of the ZnC2O4 nanoneedle arrays is proposed and is different from the traditional V-L-S and V-S models. The study on the PL spectrum of those ZnO nanoneedles shows the near band-edge emission band (379 nm) and the green emission band (510 nm). Especially, a red shift of the green emission band emerges with the increase of the annealing temperature and time. Electrodeposited method, nanoneedle arrays, growth mechanism, photoluminescence (PL) 04 2010 17 Surface Review and Letters 425 430 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X10014223 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X10014223 text/html SHIHUA ZHAO zhaoshi9682@sina.com Department of Physics and Information Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan Province 476000, China; Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic, Devices of Ministry of Education, and School of Physics and Microelectronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China HUANFENG MA Department of Physics and Information Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan Province 476000, China LINGLING WANG Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic, Devices of Ministry of Education, and School of Physics and Microelectronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China LEI YANG College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China YUTING CUI Department of Physics and Information Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan Province 476000, China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:17:y:2010:i:04:p:419-4232011-03-25RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Fe nanowire arrays were fabricated at lower voltage by alternating current (AC) electrodeposition into the highly ordered nanoholes of the porous alumina membrane (PAM) obtained by two-step anodization in oxalic acid. The morphology, structure and magnetic properties of Fe nanowire arrays were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), respectively. The results indicate that Fe nanowires are about 50 nm in diameter which were accorded with the pores of the PAM, and stabilized in body-centered cubic (bcc) structure with a preferred orientation along (110). The easy magnetization axis is parallel to the axis of the Fe nanowires, while corresponding coercivity and squareness ratio value is 1674.5 Oe and 0.87, respectively. Fe nanowire arrays, porous alumina membrane, alternating current electrodeposition 04 2010 17 Surface Review and Letters 419 423 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X10014247 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X10014247 text/html XUEHUA WANG xuehua_wang027@yahoo.com.cn School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, China CHENGYONG LI School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, China GUI CHEN School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, China CAI PENG School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, China LEI HE School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, China LIANG YANG School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:17:y:2010:i:04:p:431-4362011-03-25RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Real surfaces display defects originating either from thermodynamic principles or from local instabilities. In order to help and characterize these surfaces and their defects, infrared spectroscopy of physisorbed test molecules can be used. As an example, we study the behavior of the infrared response of CO molecules randomly deposited on ionic surfaces of MgO and NaCl with the concentration of dipolar defects randomly distributed on these surfaces. The vibrational peak is shifted and asymmetrically broadened when the defect concentration increases as a result of surface inhomogeneity, in semi-quantitative agreement with experimental data. Surface defects, probe molecule, infrared spectroscopy 04 2010 17 Surface Review and Letters 431 436 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X1001420X application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X1001420X text/html HANEN ZORGATI Département de Physique, Université de Monastir, Faculté des Sciences de Monastir, UR 1319, Monastir, Tunisia MONCEF SAID Département de Physique, Université de Monastir, Faculté des Sciences de Monastir, UR 1319, Monastir, Tunisia CHRISTOPHE RAMSEYER Laboratoire de Physique Moléculaire, UMR 6624, Université de Franche-Comté, 25030 Besançon, France CLAUDE GIRARDET Laboratoire de Physique Moléculaire, UMR 6624, Université de Franche-Comté, 25030 Besançon, France

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:17:y:2010:i:04:p:405-4102011-03-25RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Chalcogenide phase change material Ge1Sb2Te4 (GST) nanoparticle arrays with long-range-order were fabricated by using a monolayer of self-assembled polystyrene (PS) spheres as mask. The morphology of nanoparticle arrays can be controlled via changing RIE processing conditions. Images of atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) show that highly uniform GST nanoparticle arrays with particle density around 109 cm-2 were formed. The sizes of nanoparticles can be reduced to a tiny diameter in the range of 30–40 nm (top diameter). The GST nanoparticle arrays exhibit a prominent peak near 580 nm in reflectance spectra, which indicates that they possess a photonic band gap. These results confirm that GST nanoparticle arrays have a 2D periodicity and long-range order. The method of nanosphere lithograph may apply to manufacturing of high density memory devices based on phase change-based memory materials. Phase change, Ge1Sb2Te4 nanoparticle arrays 04 2010 17 Surface Review and Letters 405 410 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X10014259 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X10014259 text/html YUANBAO LIAO National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonic and Electronic Materials Sciences and Technology, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China JIAJIA WU National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonic and Electronic Materials Sciences and Technology, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China LING XU okxuling@gmail.com xuling@nju.edu.cn National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonic and Electronic Materials Sciences and Technology, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China FEI YANG National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonic and Electronic Materials Sciences and Technology, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China WENQING LIU National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonic and Electronic Materials Sciences and Technology, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China JUN XU National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonic and Electronic Materials Sciences and Technology, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China LIANGCAI WU Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China ZHONGYUAN MA National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonic and Electronic Materials Sciences and Technology, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China KUNJI CHEN National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonic and Electronic Materials Sciences and Technology, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:17:y:2010:i:04:p:391-3962011-03-25RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Atomistic simulations of low coverage Sn growth on Au(111) using the Bozzolo–Ferrante–Smith (BFS) method for alloys are presented. Simulated annealing and atom-by-atom analysis of the energetics explains the close competition between the experimentally observed surface alloying and layer-by-layer growth. Surface alloying, growth mode, tin, gold, atomistic simulations 04 2010 17 Surface Review and Letters 391 396 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X10014193 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X10014193 text/html A. CANZIAN Grupo de Caracterización y Modelización, de Materiales (GCMM), Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, Facultad Regional Gral. Pacheco, H. Irigoyen 288 (B1617FRP), Gral. Pacheco, Buenos Aires, Argentina H. O. MOSCA Grupo de Caracterización y Modelización, de Materiales (GCMM), Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, Facultad Regional Gral. Pacheco, H. Irigoyen 288 (B1617FRP), Gral. Pacheco, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Gerencia de Investigaciones y, Aplicaciones, CNEA, Av. Gral. Paz 1499 (B1650KNA), San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina G. BOZZOLO Loyola University Maryland, 4501 N. Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21210, USA

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:17:y:2010:i:04:p:397-4032011-03-25RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article The kinetics of formation of self-assembled monolayers on gold generated by the adsorption of 1-octanethiol and 1,8-octanedithiol were explored by electrochemistry measurement. The time dependence of capacitance and surface coverage supported that the adsorption of thiols typically processed with a two-step adsorption consisted of a fast initial adsorption and a slowly following reorganization. From the function of surface coverage versus time, one could get rate constants of adsorption of thiols, and the adsorption process was demonstrated to follow a diffusion-controlled Langmuir model. A comparison of the adsorption rates for different concentration between 1-octanethiol and 1,8-octanedithiol revealed that their adsorption processes were almost identical and independent on the concentration, inferring that only one sulfur atom contributed to the self-assembly of dithiol molecule. Self-assembly, adsorption, thiol, dithiol, cyclic voltammetry 04 2010 17 Surface Review and Letters 397 403 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X10014211 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X10014211 text/html HUI HE coolhehe@hhu.edu.cn College of Mechanics and Materials, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China YAN GUO School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China SHOUFU WANG College of Mechanics and Materials, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China YAQING JIANG College of Mechanics and Materials, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:17:y:2010:i:04:p:411-4172011-03-25RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article The electronic properties of a Ca bilayer deposited on Cu(111) have been investigated by high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy. For the as-deposited Ca bilayer, the surface plasmon was recorded at 3.3eV. Temperature induces a surface metal-insulator transition (evidenced by the shift of the surface plasmon energy), leading to the formation of CaO thin layers which are highly reactive towards water molecules. The presence of occupied d band in the calcium overlayer modifies surface plasmon frequency and strongly influences its dispersion relation. Results are well explained within the framework of the s-d polarization theory. Electron energy loss spectroscopy, calcium, surface plasmon 04 2010 17 Surface Review and Letters 411 417 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X10014181 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X10014181 text/html ANTONIO POLITANO antonio.politano@fis.unical.it Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Departamento de Fisica de la Materia, Condensada, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:17:y:2010:i:04:p:437-4402011-03-25RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article We have studied the superconductivity of Pb ultra-thin films with thickness from 1 monolayer (ML) to 7 ML grown on Si(111) by molecular beam epitaxy. In situ low temperature scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) measurements were performed on the films. It is suggested that the interface effect plays a critical role in enhancing the electron-phonon coupling, which consequently increases the superconducting transition temperature when a film reaches to the two-dimensional limit. Superconductivity, interface, electron-phonon, STM/STS, ARPES 04 2010 17 Surface Review and Letters 437 440 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X10014235 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X10014235 text/html WEN-JUAN LI Institute of Physics, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China YU-JIE SUN Key Laboratory of Atomic and Nanosciences, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China TONG ZHANG Institute of Physics, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China XIE-GANG ZHU Key Laboratory of Atomic and Nanosciences, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China GUANG WANG Key Laboratory of Atomic and Nanosciences, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China JIN-FENG JIA Key Laboratory of Atomic and Nanosciences, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China XUCUN MA Institute of Physics, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China XI CHEN Key Laboratory of Atomic and Nanosciences, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China QI-KUN XUE qkxue@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn Institute of Physics, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Key Laboratory of Atomic and Nanosciences, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:16:y:2009:i:02:p:259-2632009-08-28RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article In recent years, there has been growing interest in the preparation of TiO2-deposited materials for the application in different fields of photocatalytic activities, such as photocatalysis, dye-sensitized solar cells, antireflective coatings, and electro-chromic devices. TiO2 particles were deposited on the PE surface by spraying method at room temperature. The deposition analysis was conducted by atomic force microscopy (AFM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) for monitoring the variation in morphology and different properties. It was found that the surface was deposited uniformly with higher concentration of particles and did not affect the inherent properties of polymers. The deposited TiO2 particles favor the photodegradation of synthetic nonbiodegradable polymeric materials, which will ultimately decompose in the environment. Titanium dioxide (TiO2), photodegradation, polyethylene, particle deposition, surface modification 02 2009 16 Surface Review and Letters 259 263 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X09012561 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X09012561 text/html J. K. PANDEY School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea M. H. KIM School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea D. M. CHUN School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea C. S. LEE Division of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Kyunggi-do, South Korea S. H. AHN ahnsh@snu.ac.kr School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Institute of Advanced Machinery and Design, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:16:y:2009:i:03:p:469-4742009-08-28RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article In this paper, we reported a comparative study of process and structural characterization of cadmium sulfide (CdS) and zinc sulfide (ZnS) thin films by chemical bath deposition (CBD) technique. Their deposition process is similar which clearly shows three different growth phases, a none-film one, a quasi-linear one, and a saturation one. And the growth rate of CBD-CdS is higher than that of CBD-ZnS. Through calculating the activation energy of reaction, we can conclude that the rate determining step of CBD-CdS in the deposition process is a chemical one, in contrast with the CBD-ZnS in which the determining step can be a diffusion step. The XRD analysis of the as-deposited films shows that the CBD-CdS films present cubic and hexagonal mixed structure and CBD-ZnS films are in cubic ZnS structure. The deposition time significantly influenced the crystal structure of CdS thin film. Transmission measurement shows that when the wavelength is below 500 nm, the optical transmission of CBD-ZnS film is higher than that of CBD-CdS film. Optical transmission of both CBD-ZnS and CBD-CdS films is about 90% when the wavelength is over 600 nm. The band gap (Eg) value of CBD-CdS is about 2.41 eV and that of CBD-ZnS is about 3.51 eV. CdS thin film, ZnS thin film, chemical bath deposition (CBD) 03 2009 16 Surface Review and Letters 469 474 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X09012871 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X09012871 text/html QI LIU modieer_67@163.com Mechanical Engineering Department, Anhui University of Technology and Science, Anhui Wuhu, 241000, China GUOBING MAO Mechanical Engineering Department, Anhui University of Technology and Science, Anhui Wuhu, 241000, China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:16:y:2009:i:02:p:297-3022009-08-28RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Sulfonated ultra-thin proton-exchange polymer membrane carrying pyridine groups was made from a plasma polymerization of styrene, 2-vinylpyridine, and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid by after-glow capacitively coupled discharge technique. Pyridine groups tethered to the polymer backbone acts as a medium through the basic nitrogen for transfer of protons between the sulfonic acid groups of proton exchange membrane. It shows that the method using present technology could effectively depress the degradation of monomers during the plasma polymerization. Spectroscopic analyses reveal that the obtained membranes are highly functionalized with proton exchange groups and have higher proton conductivity. Thus, the membranes are expected to be used in direct methanol fuel cells. Plasma polymerization, proton-exchange polymer membranes, composite materials, electron microscopy, chemical vapor deposition 02 2009 16 Surface Review and Letters 297 302 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X09012627 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X09012627 text/html ZHONGQING JIANG zhongqingjiang@hotmail.com Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031 Anhui, P. R. China YUEDONG MENG Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031 Anhui, P. R. China ZHONG-JIE JIANG Department of Physical Chemistry, Chemnitz University of Technology, 62 Strasse der Nationen, Chemnitz D-09111, Germany YICAI SHI Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031 Anhui, P. R. China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:16:y:2009:i:01:p:79-852009-08-28RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Herein, we showed a different approach to directly single-molecule level visualization of the degradation of DNA in vitro tests using DNase I incubation based on high-resolution AFM imaging ex situ with fine relocation nanotechnology. A method of nanomanipulation termed as "modified dynamic molecular combing" (MDMC) was used to pattern DNA samples for further degradation and enzymatic kinetics. This strategy is potentially able to quantitatively address the mechanical-induced kinetic profiles of multi-site degradation of individual DNA molecules with very stable tension and strong immobilization on a surface and discover the mechanochemistry. Visualization, atomic force microscopy, ex situ, modified dynamic molecular combing, DNase I, incubation, degradation 01 2009 16 Surface Review and Letters 79 85 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X09012329 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X09012329 text/html XINYAN WANG xinyanwang2008@hotmail.com Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, P. R. China; Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China HAIJUN YANG Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, P. R. China; Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China HUABIN WANG Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, P. R. China PENG WANG Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, P. R. China HAI LI Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, P. R. China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:16:y:2009:i:02:p:249-2582009-08-28RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Electron energy loss spectroscopy has been used for the investigation of the surface and bulk plasmon excitations depending on the heating in the ultra-thin layers of ordering Pt80Co20(111) alloy from the primary electron beam energies E0 ranging from 200 to 650 eV. Thermo-induced shift of plasmon energy and damping of intensity line of the surface plasmon relative to the bulk plasmon were observed. With an increase in alloy heating, the energy of surface and bulk plasmons is shifted with lowering energy in the whole range E0 and the higher the temperature the higher the shifts of plasmon energy. The physical processes that can influence on the energy shift of plasmon oscillations in the energy loss spectra at heating are considered. The relationship between the damping of oscillating concentration depth profile and the surface plasmon damping at heating was established. Electron energy loss spectroscopy, heating, surface and bulk plasmons, thermo-induced shift, primary electron energy, (dis)ordered alloy, Pt80Co20(111) 02 2009 16 Surface Review and Letters 249 258 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X0901255X application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X0901255X text/html V. A. TINKOV sheyh@imp.kiev.ua Institute for Metal Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Akad. Vernadsky Blvd. 36, 03680 Kiev 142, Ukraine M. A. VASYLYEV Institute for Metal Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Akad. Vernadsky Blvd. 36, 03680 Kiev 142, Ukraine

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:16:y:2009:i:02:p:287-2902009-08-28RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Layered film structures are widely applied. The adhesiveness of thin layer, which controls the product quality, is a key factor to be known. The possibility of applying the surface acoustic waves (SAWs) technique to determine the adhesiveness quality of film and substrate is explored by a theoretical approach, where the interface adhesiveness is modeled by the spring model. Numerical results show that the proposed SAWs technique has a high resolution on determining the interface adhesiveness. Meanwhile, SAWs can also be applied to detect the parameters of film such as the elastic modulus, thickness, density, and Poisson's ratio nondestructively. Surface acoustic waves (SAWs), adhesiveness, layered film structure, biomaterial film 02 2009 16 Surface Review and Letters 287 290 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X09012603 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X09012603 text/html X. Y. YOU xyyou@tju.edu.cn School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 300072 Tianjin, China XIA XIAO School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, 300072 Tianjin, China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:16:y:2009:i:01:p:149-1512009-08-28RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Nanosized titanium dioxide particles were engrafted with butyltitanate coupling agent and methylmethacrylate monomer, and the obtained nanocomposite was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra and sedimentation test. Ultraviolet-visible light spectroscopy was used to study the differences and effectiveness of the coated and uncoated titanium dioxide, respectively. The results showed that polymethacrylate chain was engrafted on the surface of nanosized titanium dioxide and the surface grafting of polymers improved significantly absorbency of ultraviolet light of the nanoparticles. Nanostructures, infrared spectroscopy, surface properties 01 2009 16 Surface Review and Letters 149 151 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X0901241X application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X0901241X text/html GUOHUI LI lgh@ms.fjirsm.ac.cn Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:16:y:2009:i:02:p:323-3272009-08-28RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article The hydrophobic surface modification of chitosan gels (CS) was carried out using the amidating reaction of amido groups on a gel surface with propionic acid, stearic acid, and benzoic acid, respectively, activated by 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS). Lipase from Candida rugosa was immobilized by adsorption on the nascent CS, propionyl-modified gels (PCS), stearyl-modified gels (SCS), and benzoyl-modified gels (BCS), respectively. The adsorption capacity and activity of immobilized lipase were investigated. It was found that the surface modification improved the adsorption capacity of lipase, and the activity retention of immobilized lipase increased from 52.34% for CS to 57.17%, 78.26% and 69.22%, respectively, for PCS, SCS, and BCS. Lipase, chitosan, surface modification, adsorption 02 2009 16 Surface Review and Letters 323 327 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X09012664 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X09012664 text/html HONG-TAO DENG denght@mail.ccnu.edu.cn College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China YAN LIN College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China JUAN-JUAN WANG College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China ZHONG-YANG LIU College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China MIAO MA College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China FEI ZHENG College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:16:y:2009:i:01:p:29-352009-08-28RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Titanium nitride (TiN) widely used as hard coating material was coated on tool steels, namely on high-speed steel (HSS) and D2 tool steel by physical vapor deposition method. The goal of this study was to examine the effect of ion etching with and without titanium (Ti) and chromium (Cr) on the adhesion strength of TiN coatings deposited on tool steels. From the scratch tester, it was observed that by increasing Ti ion etching showed an increase in adhesion strength of the deposited coatings. The coatings deposited with Cr ion etching showed poor adhesion compared with the coatings deposited with Ti ion etching. Scratch test measurements showed that the coating deposited with titanium ion etching for 16 min is the most stable coating and maintained even at the critical load of 66 N. The curve obtained via penetration depth along the scratch trace is linear in the case of HSS, whereas is slightly flexible in the case of D2 tool steel. The coatings deposited on HSS exhibit better adhesion compared with those on D2 tool steel. Titanium nitride, ion etching, adhesion, penetration depth 01 2009 16 Surface Review and Letters 29 35 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X09012251 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X09012251 text/html MUBARAK ALI mubarak74@comsats.edu.pk Department of Physics, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan ESAH HAMZAH Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia NOUMAN ALI Department of Physics, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:16:y:2009:i:01:p:93-972009-08-28RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Porous silicon (PS) samples were prepared by electrochemical anodic etching of n-type (111) silicon wafers in HF solution. The structural, optical, and chemical features of the PS were investigated in terms of different etching durations. The porous samples were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), photoluminescence (PL), and Raman scattering. SEM images indicated that the pores increased with the etching duration; however, the etching duration has significant effect on the shape of the pores. PL measurements revealed that the porosity-induced PL intensity enhancement was only observed in the porous samples. Raman spectra showed shifting of PS Raman peak to lower frequency relative to non-porous silicon Raman peak. Porous Si, electroless etching, characterizations 01 2009 16 Surface Review and Letters 93 97 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X09012342 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X09012342 text/html L. S. CHUAH chuahleesiang@yahoo.com Nano-Optoelectronics Research and Technology Laboratory, School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia Z. HASSAN zai@usm.my Nano-Optoelectronics Research and Technology Laboratory, School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia F. K. YAM Nano-Optoelectronics Research and Technology Laboratory, School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia H. ABU HASSAN Nano-Optoelectronics Research and Technology Laboratory, School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:16:y:2009:i:01:p:43-472009-08-28RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article This paper investigated the corrosion behaviors of the Nd: YAG laser-gas metal arc (GMA) AA5052-H32 weldments comparing with the base alloy. The corrosion susceptibility of weldments was higher than that of the base alloy. The weld fusion zone (WFZ) suffered the severe pitting in acidic chloride media. The zones adjacent to the weld fusion boundary showed less corrosion tendency. A corrosion cracking was associated with pitting in the weldments. The surface morphology observation and composition analysis were investigated by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. At the WFZ/HAZ interface and the HAZ/base alloy interface, the galvanic corrosion coupling existed. From the comparison, the WFZ showed anodic behavior, the zone adjacent to the weld fusion boundary showed cathodic behavior. The corrosion of WFZ was progressed by the formation of the galvanic couples. Aluminum alloy, laser hybrid welding, corrosion and oxidation, microstructure 01 2009 16 Surface Review and Letters 43 47 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X09012275 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X09012275 text/html DA-QUAN ZHANG Department of Environmental Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, P. R. China YOUNG WOO PARK Stress Analysis and Failure Design Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea KANG YONG LEE KYL2813@yonsei.ac.kr Stress Analysis and Failure Design Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:16:y:2009:i:01:p:11-172009-08-28RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Based on the density-matrix approach and iterative treatment, a detailed procedure for the calculation of the linear and nonlinear intersubband refractive index changes (RICs) in wurtzite GaN-based coupling quantum wells (CQWs) is given. The simple analytical formulas for electronic eigenstates and the linear and third-order nonlinear RICs in the systems are also deduced. Numerical result on a typical AlGaN/GaN CQW shows that the linear and nonlinear RICs sensitively depend on the structural parameters of the CQW system as well as the doped fraction of nitride semicondutor. Double quantum wells, piezoelectricity and spontaneous polarization effects, refractive index, wurtzite nitride semiconductor 01 2009 16 Surface Review and Letters 11 17 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X09012226 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X09012226 text/html L. ZHANG zhangli-gz@263.net Department of Mechanism and Electronics, Panyu Polytechnic, Panyu, 511483, P. R. China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:16:y:2009:i:01:p:19-222009-08-28RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Growth mechanisms and defects formation of the manganese mercury thiocyanate (MMTC) crystal have been investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Both screw dislocation controlled growth and 2D nucleation growth occur on the {110} faces. Stacking faults are observed among dislocation hillocks and the formation of them probably results from the different crystallization orientations of different spirals. Hollow channels are found around the nucleation islands and the formation of them is due to the instability of the interface generated by the rapid nucleation and growth speeds. Growth mechanism, atomic force microscopy, defect formation, nonlinear optical materials 01 2009 16 Surface Review and Letters 19 22 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X09012238 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X09012238 text/html Y. L. GENG ylgeng@qust.edu.cn College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Shandong Qingdao 266042, China Z. H. SUN College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Shandong Qingdao 266042, China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:16:y:2009:i:02:p:241-2482009-08-28RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Based on the Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), the specific surface and interface characteristics of emitter region of commercial mono-crystal Si solar cells were examined. Four chemical compositions C, O, Si, and P were detected, and the atomic concentrations (%) of C and O at the surface were much higher than their solid solubility in mono-crystal Si. The high concentration of C and O at the surface was attributed to adhered remains. The single element Si, stable oxide SiO2, as well as intermediate oxidation states such as Si1+ and Si3+ corresponding to Si2O and Si2O3, respectively, have been analyzed. The atomic concentrations (%) of these compositions and their respective chemical states at the surface and interface are likely correlative to the various defects such as electronic-like ramification of hanging bonds, vacancy cluster, or dislocations. Furthermore, the normalized quantum efficiency (QE) of the solar cells made from the wafers was measured to be lower than 74% at short wavelength (< 400 nm), and the influence of surface and interface states on the performance of solar cells was discussed. Surface and interface states, solar cells 02 2009 16 Surface Review and Letters 241 248 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X09012548 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X09012548 text/html F. LI joysli@shu.edu.cn SHU-SOEN's R&D Lab, Department of Physics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China Z. Q. MA SHU-SOEN's R&D Lab, Department of Physics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China B. HE SHU-SOEN's R&D Lab, Department of Physics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China X. J. MENG SHU-SOEN's R&D Lab, Department of Physics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China C. Y. ZHOU SHU-SOEN's R&D Lab, Department of Physics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China N. S. ZHANG SHU-SOEN's R&D Lab, Department of Physics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:16:y:2009:i:01:p:161-1652009-08-28RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article The models of endofullerenes C60 and C82 with silver atom or diatomic silver are calculated with ab initio methods including the full geometry optimization. Ag@C60 is the bound system with positive binding energy while Ag2@C60 is not bound because of strong geometrical strain. In Ag@C60 silver atom has the off-center position for the lowest energy model, and the whole structure reduces the symmetry from Ih down to C1. The endo-structures with the C82 cage can exist with both mono- and diatomic silver interiors. Electronic charge is transferred from the carbon cage to silver. Endofullerene, silver, clusters, ab initio calculations 01 2009 16 Surface Review and Letters 161 165 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X09012445 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X09012445 text/html V. S. GURIN gurin@bsu.by gurinvs@lycos.com Physico-Chemical Research Institute, Belarusian State University, Leningradskaya Str. 14, 220050 Minsk, Belarus

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:16:y:2009:i:03:p:351-3542009-08-28RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Photoluminescence, photoabsorption, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic study revealed that an optical transition of porous silicon from red-shift to blue-shift, and Si-2p binding energy transition from low to high at a critical anodization temperature, 343 K. Possible origin for the reverse variations happening at temperature below and above the critical temperature is discussed. Porous silicon, anodization temperature, optical transition 03 2009 16 Surface Review and Letters 351 354 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X09012706 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X09012706 text/html LIKUN PAN lkpan@phy.ecnu.edu.cn Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics and Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China HAIBO LI Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics and Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China ZHUO SUN Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics and Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China CHANGQING SUN School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:16:y:2009:i:01:p:23-282009-08-28RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Electrowetting is a new class of reflective display based on electric field controlled movement of oil/water interface across a hydrophobic layer. The focus of this paper is to fabricate electrowetting cells on a rough hydrophobic surface and to study its effect on kinetics of electrowetting. The surface roughening found effective in two ways in the design and operation of the electrowetting device: (i) It enhances the coating of photoresist (PR) on the hydrophobic surface, which is normally difficult due to low surface energy of Teflon and (ii) the roughness changes the contact angle of the liquid (oil), which in turn changes the electro-optic switching behavior of the device. The kinetics of optical switch was checked by calculating theoretically the white area fraction (WA%), which is a measure of optical switching in electrowetting display by changing the roughness of the hydrophobic surface. The present study showed that the optical performance found to increase with the increase of roughness of the hydrophobic surface. Electrowetting, display device and electro-optics 01 2009 16 Surface Review and Letters 23 28 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X0901224X application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X0901224X text/html PALANIVELU SURESHKUMAR Polymer Fusion Research Center, Department of Polymer Nano-Science and Technology, Chonbuk National University, Chonju, Chonbuk 561-756, Korea MIYOUNG KIM Polymer Fusion Research Center, Department of Polymer Nano-Science and Technology, Chonbuk National University, Chonju, Chonbuk 561-756, Korea EUN GYOUNG SONG Polymer Fusion Research Center, Department of Polymer Nano-Science and Technology, Chonbuk National University, Chonju, Chonbuk 561-756, Korea YOUNG JIN LIM Polymer Fusion Research Center, Department of Polymer Nano-Science and Technology, Chonbuk National University, Chonju, Chonbuk 561-756, Korea SEUNG HEE LEE lsh1@chonbuk.ac.kr Polymer Fusion Research Center, Department of Polymer Nano-Science and Technology, Chonbuk National University, Chonju, Chonbuk 561-756, Korea

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:16:y:2009:i:02:p:309-3132009-08-28RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article In order to protect carbon/carbon (C/C) composites against oxidation, a (Mo,W)Si2 coating was prepared on the surface of SiC-coated C/C composites by a simple in situ information method using Si, Mo and W as starting materials. The microstructures and oxidation protective ability of the as-received coating were investigated. The results show that the (Mo,W)Si2 outer layer coating containing free Si has a good bonding with SiC inner layer. The as-prepared SiC/(Mo,W)Si2 coating can protect C/C composites from oxidation in air at 1773 K for 252 h with a weight gain of 1.56 wt.%. The excellent oxidation resistant property of the double-layer coating is attributed to its dense microstructure and the formation of the stable glassy SiO2 film on the (Mo,W)Si2 coating surface during its exposure to air at high temperatures. Carbon/carbon composites, coating, oxidation 02 2009 16 Surface Review and Letters 309 313 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X09012640 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X09012640 text/html QIAN-GANG FU fuqiangang@nwpu.edu.cn C/C Composites Research Center, Key Laboratory of Ultrahigh Temperature Composites, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, P. R. China HE-JUN LI C/C Composites Research Center, Key Laboratory of Ultrahigh Temperature Composites, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, P. R. China KE-ZHI LI C/C Composites Research Center, Key Laboratory of Ultrahigh Temperature Composites, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, P. R. China KE TONG C/C Composites Research Center, Key Laboratory of Ultrahigh Temperature Composites, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, P. R. China XI-YUAN YAO C/C Composites Research Center, Key Laboratory of Ultrahigh Temperature Composites, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, P. R. China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:16:y:2009:i:02:p:167-1702009-08-28RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Segregation of boron on ${\rm Si}(111)(\sqrt{3} \times \sqrt{3}){\rm R}30^{\circ}$ surface has been studied using the periodical calculations within the local density approximation. The obtained segregation energy (enthalpy) of about -1.9 eV is close to the published data of experimental studies and previous cluster semiempirical calculations. The influence of plane-wave basis set cutoff energy and the slab unit cell depth on the value of segregation energy has been investigated. Silicon, boron, surface, ab initio, dopants, segregation 02 2009 16 Surface Review and Letters 167 170 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X09012470 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X09012470 text/html V. G. ZAVODINSKY Institute for Materials Science, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 153 Tikhookeanskaya Str., Khabarovsk 680042, Russia E. N. CHUKUROV Institute for Automation and Control Processes, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 5 Radio Str., Vladivostok 690041, Russia I. A. KUYANOV Institute for Automation and Control Processes, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 5 Radio Str., Vladivostok 690041, Russia

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:16:y:2009:i:01:p:141-1472009-08-28RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Three piperidin-4-one oxime derivatives viz. 3,5-dimethyl-2,6-diphenyl-piperidin-4-one oxime (DDPO), 3-ethyl-2,6-diphenyl-piperidin-4-one oxime (EDPO), and 1-methyl-3-isopropyl-2, 6-diphenyl-piperidin-4-one oxime (MIDPO) were synthesized. Corrosion inhibiting ability of these compounds in 1 M HCl was studied using weight loss study, potentiodynamic polarization measurements, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, XRD and SEM with EDS measurements. Weight loss studies revealed that all the three oximes are good corrosion inhibitors. The order of inhibiting ability of these compounds is as follows: DDPO > EDPO > MINDO. Results of the polarization measurement showed that these inhibitors do not alter the mechanism of either hydrogen evolution or mild steel dissolution reaction, proving the mixed mode of inhibition. At constant acid concentration, increase of inhibitor concentration increased the charge transfer resistance (Rct), complimented with decrease of double layer capacitance (Cdl), thereby indicating the increase of percentage inhibition efficiency. XRD and SEM with EDS analysis provided strong proof for the existence of inhibitor film over the mild steel surface. Corrosion, piperidin-4-oneoxime, polarization, impedance, XRD, SEM 01 2009 16 Surface Review and Letters 141 147 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X09012408 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X09012408 text/html A. N. SENTHILKUMAR Department of Chemistry, SASTRA University, Thanjavur 613402, Tamilnadu, India K. THARINI Department of Chemistry, SASTRA University, Thanjavur 613402, Tamilnadu, India M. G. SETHURAMAN mgsethu@rediffmail.com Department of Chemistry, Gandhigram Rural University, Gandhigram 624302, Tamilnadu, India

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:16:y:2009:i:03:p:441-4472009-08-28RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Up to fourth moment distribution of carbide nanocrystallites produced by duplex treatments of surface nanocrystallization and pulsed plasma electrolytic carbonitriding on AISI 1010 mild steel was investigated by the means of figure analysis with high precision. Skewness and kurtosis study of the Gaussian distribution have been studied and the effect of duty cycle of pulsed current has been determined. The usage of lower duty cycles of pulsed current is more suitable for achieving lower sizes of carbide nanocrystallites. Surface roughness of treated samples was measured and it has been observed that there is an optimum level of duty cycle of pulsed current for surface roughness increasing (difference between two measured data). Duty cycle of pulsed current, nanostructures, plasma electrolytic carbonitriding, kurtosis, skewness 03 2009 16 Surface Review and Letters 441 447 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X09012834 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X09012834 text/html M. ALIOFKHAZRAEI sabour01@gmail.com Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, P. O. Box 14115-143, Tehran, Iran A. SABOUR ROUHAGHDAM sabour01@gmail.com sabour01@modares.ac.ir Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, P. O. Box 14115-143, Tehran, Iran

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:17:y:2010:i:02:p:265-2702011-01-21RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Taking wollastonite as raw material, aluminium sulfate and water glass as coating modifier, a new type of wollastonite coated with nano-aluminium silicate powder-materials was obtained by chemical depositing method. By modificating this powder-materials with silane and filling it in PA6, the PA6 composite materials were obtained. The modificated powder-materials were characterized by SEM, BET, XRD, EDX, and FT-IR. The mechanism of this powder-materials modificated by silane was discussed. It was shown that the surface of wollastonite was coated with nano-aluminium silicate evenly, the average grain size of aluminium silicate was 54 nm, filling 30% of this powder-materials modified by silane in PA6, the mechanical properties and the heat distortion temperature of the PA6 composites filled by it were notably enhanced. Wollastonite, aluminium silicate, surface modification, PA6 02 2010 17 Surface Review and Letters 265 270 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X10014144 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X10014144 text/html CAILI WANG qiaokeli62397335@yahoo.com.cn School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China; Shanxi Taihua Industry and Trade Co. Ltd, Taiyuan 030006, China SHUILIN ZHENG School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China; Shanxi Taihua Industry and Trade Co. Ltd, Taiyuan 030006, China GUIHUA LIU School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China; Shanxi Taihua Industry and Trade Co. Ltd, Taiyuan 030006, China LIJING WANG School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China; Shanxi Taihua Industry and Trade Co. Ltd, Taiyuan 030006, China PENG HUANG School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China; Shanxi Taihua Industry and Trade Co. Ltd, Taiyuan 030006, China ZHAOHUA WANG School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China; Shanxi Taihua Industry and Trade Co. Ltd, Taiyuan 030006, China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:17:y:2010:i:01:p:105-1092011-01-21RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article In this study, the modeling of recrystallization and grain growth was investigated to predict the microstructure evolution during hot working of INCONEL 783 superalloy (Alloy 783). The recrystallization model was constructed on the basis of the Avrami formation. A least-square optimization technique was used to determine several important parameters within the model from isothermal heat treatment and hot compression test results. High temperature compression tests were carried out under different temperatures, strain rates and strain conditions. The model for describing the recrystallization and grain growth behaviors of Alloy 783 was implemented onto the user-subroutine of a commercial FE code. In order to demonstrate the reliability of the model, the microstructure evolution of Alloy 783 alloy during the hot compression test was simulated and was accorded well with the experimental results. Dynamic recrystallization, grain growth, INCONEL 783 superalloy, FE simulation, microstructure prediction 01 2010 17 Surface Review and Letters 105 109 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X10014041 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X10014041 text/html JONG-TAEK YEOM yjt96@kims.re.kr Special Alloys Research Group, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), 531 Changwondaero, Changwon 641-831, Korea EUN JEOUNG JUNG Special Alloys Research Group, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), 531 Changwondaero, Changwon 641-831, Korea JEE HOON KIM Special Alloys Research Group, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), 531 Changwondaero, Changwon 641-831, Korea JEOUNG HAN KIM Special Alloys Research Group, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), 531 Changwondaero, Changwon 641-831, Korea JAE-KEUN HONG Special Alloys Research Group, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), 531 Changwondaero, Changwon 641-831, Korea NHO-KWANG PARK Special Alloys Research Group, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), 531 Changwondaero, Changwon 641-831, Korea KOOK-JOO KIM Taewoong Co., 1462-1 Songjeong-dong, Gangseo-gu, Busan 618-270, Korea SEUNG-SIK CHOI Taewoong Co., 1462-1 Songjeong-dong, Gangseo-gu, Busan 618-270, Korea

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:17:y:2010:i:02:p:207-2132011-01-21RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article A micron-sized WC-CrCo powder was coated onto an IN718 substrate using high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) thermal spraying. To further improve the surface properties, the HVOF coating was heat-treated by a CO2 laser. The surface properties of both the coating and the laser-heated coating were then compared. The HVOF optimal coating process (OCP) for a coating with the highest surface hardness was determined with the Taguchi program. The friction and wear behaviors of the coating, an electrolytic hard chrome (EHC)-plated coating and IN718, were comparatively investigated via a reciprocating sliding wear test at both 25 and 450°C. The friction coefficient (FC) for all three samples decreased when the sliding surface temperature increased from 25 to 450°C. The FC of the coating decreased with increasing surface temperature: 0.33 ± 0.02 at 25°C to 0.26 ± 0.02 at 450°C; the coating had the lowest FC among the three samples. At both temperatures, the coating wear depth (WD) was smaller than those of the EHC sample and IN718. At room temperature, WC-CrCo and the EHC coatings had good wear resistance and had only a shallow WD. IN718, however, had poor wear resistance with 50 μm deep grooves created from fretting corrosion that arose during the 1500 reciprocating slides (2.5 Hz, 10 min sliding wear test). At 450°C, the coating WDs were much shallower than those for the EHC coating and IN718: 0.5-μm deep grooves compared to 60–70-μm deep grooves. These results proved that the coating provided a protective coating for IN718 and other metal components. With the OCP coating fabricated from the powders on the IN718 surface, the surface hardness increased 316% from 399 Hv to 1260 Hv. Furthermore, by laser heating the coating surface for 0.6 s, the hardness increased 44% from 1260 ±30 Hv to 1820 ±100 Hv, porosity decreased more than five times from 2.2 ± 0.3% to 0.4 ± 0.1%, and the coating thickness decreased 17% from 300 to 250 μm. These results showed that both the WC-CrCo powder coating and the laser-heating improved the surface properties of IN718. WC-CrCo powder, coating, laser heating, hardness, wear 02 2010 17 Surface Review and Letters 207 213 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X10013849 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X10013849 text/html T. Y. CHO tycho@changwon.ac.kr School of Nano Advanced Materials Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon, 641-773, Republic of Korea J. H. YOON School of Nano Advanced Materials Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon, 641-773, Republic of Korea Y. K. JOO School of Nano Advanced Materials Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon, 641-773, Republic of Korea S. H. ZHANG School of Nano Advanced Materials Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon, 641-773, Republic of Korea J. Y. CHO School of Nano Advanced Materials Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon, 641-773, Republic of Korea J. H. KANG School of Nano Advanced Materials Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon, 641-773, Republic of Korea H. G. CHUN School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 680-741, Republic of Korea S. C. KWON Korea Institute of Materials Science, Changwon 641-010, Republic of Korea MING-XI LI School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, Anhui 243002, China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:17:y:2010:i:03:p:293-2982011-01-21RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article In this paper, the retrogression and reaging (RRA) behavior and corrosion properties of Sc-containing Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloy were observed. The dependence of the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance on the heat treatment condition was measured by hardness, tensile, C-ring and conductivity testing. The retrogression time for recovery of the yield strength of the alloy subjected to T6 treatment was 20 min at 200°C of retrogression temperature, which was longer than that of Al7075 alloy. The results of electrical conductivity and C-ring tests showed that the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) resistance in Sc-containing alloy treated for 20 min at 200°C was improved. These study results demonstrated the ability of the Sc-containing alloy to extend the retrogression time and thereby improve the SCC resistance and mechanical properties. Al–Zn–Mg, Sc, retrogression and reaging, stress corrosion cracking 03 2010 17 Surface Review and Letters 293 298 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X10013734 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X10013734 text/html SUNG-YONG SHIM i-Cube Center, Engineering Research Institute, Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gazwadong, Jinju 660-701, Gyeongnam, Korea DAE-HWAN KIM i-Cube Center, Engineering Research Institute, Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gazwadong, Jinju 660-701, Gyeongnam, Korea YOUNG-ROCK SUNG i-Cube Center, Engineering Research Institute, Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gazwadong, Jinju 660-701, Gyeongnam, Korea IN-SHUP AHN i-Cube Center, Engineering Research Institute, Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gazwadong, Jinju 660-701, Gyeongnam, Korea SU-GUN LIM suglim@gnu.ac.kr i-Cube Center, Engineering Research Institute, Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gazwadong, Jinju 660-701, Gyeongnam, Korea

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:17:y:2010:i:01:p:129-1342011-01-21RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Nanocrystalline materials commonly show properties superior to their bulk counterparts. Therefore, they are promising candidates used in the next generation of micro/nanodevices. In the present study, nanocrystalline Co–Ni alloys were fabricated using the pulsed electrodeposition method. The microstructures and components were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX). Moreover, the magnetic properties of these alloys subjected to external stresses were studied using a magneto-mechanical coupling test system. The results obtained show that the nanocrystalline microstructure composed of ultrafine particles possessed good magnetic properties, and the saturation magnetization could reach approximately 2 T. In addition, the applied static and varying stresses did slightly affect the magnetic properties of the electrodeposits. Nanocrystalline, ferromagnetic, microstructure, electrodeposition 01 2010 17 Surface Review and Letters 129 134 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X10014077 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X10014077 text/html R. L. HU Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong A. K. SOH aksoh@hku.hk Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong L. LU Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119077, Singapore P. L. TAM Department of Manufacturing Engineering and Engineering Management, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong K. Y. LI Department of Manufacturing Engineering and Engineering Management, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:17:y:2010:i:03:p:329-3352011-01-21RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article The growth of the TiO2 thin films coated on the polypropylene beads was analyzed experimentally in a rotating cylindrical plasma chemical vapor deposition (PCVD) reactor. The precursors for the thin films were generated by plasma reactions, and they deposited on the polypropylene beads to become the uniform thin films. The TiO2 thin films grow more quickly on the polypropylene beads by increasing the mass flow rate of TTIP, or the rotation speed of the reactor. The smaller number of polypropylene beads in the reactor increases the growth rate of the thin films. The high-quality TiO2 thin films can be coated on particles uniformly by using the rotating cylindrical PCVD process. The particles coated with high-quality TiO2 thin films can be applied to the removal of air and water pollutants by a photodegradation reaction of TiO2. Particle coating, TiO2 thin films, rotating cylindrical PCVD reactor, particle growth, polypropylene beads 03 2010 17 Surface Review and Letters 329 335 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X10013928 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X10013928 text/html DONG-JOO KIM Department of Chemical Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-Do 200-701, Korea HUNG CUONG PHAM Department of Chemical Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-Do 200-701, Korea KYO-SEON KIM kkyoseon@kangwon.ac.kr Department of Chemical Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-Do 200-701, Korea

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:17:y:2010:i:03:p:311-3162011-01-21RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article A thermopile sensor composed of 196 pairs of p–n thin film legs was processed on a glass substrate by using successive electrodeposition of the n-type Bi–Te and the p-type Sb–Te thin films. The 5.3-μm thick Bi–Te film, electrodeposited at a constant voltage of -50 mV in the 50-mM electrolyte with the Bi/(Bi + Te) mole ratio of 0.5, exhibited a Seebeck coefficient of -67 μV/K. The 5.2-μm thick Sb–Te film, electrodeposited at a constant voltage of 20 mV in the 70-mM solution with the Sb/(Sb + Te) mole ratio of 0.9, possessed a Seebeck coefficient of 63 μV/K. The thermopile sensor exhibited the sensitivities of 13.1 mV/K with temperature differences smaller than 9 K and of 27.3 mV/K with temperature differences larger than 9 K respectively, across the hot and cold ends. Thermoelectric, thermopile sensor, thin film, electrodeposition 03 2010 17 Surface Review and Letters 311 316 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X10013813 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X10013813 text/html MIN-YOUNG KIM Department of Material Science and Engineering, Hongik University, 72-1 Sangsu-dong, Mapo-gu, Seoul 121-791, Korea TAE-SUNG OH ohts@hongik.ac.kr Department of Material Science and Engineering, Hongik University, 72-1 Sangsu-dong, Mapo-gu, Seoul 121-791, Korea

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:17:y:2010:i:03:p:289-2922011-01-21RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article We have deposited MgB2 thin films on the carbon fiber by hybrid physical–chemical vapor deposition (HPCVD) method which is known as the most effective technique for depositing MgB2 thin films without pore formation. By adopting carbon fiber as substrate and gas phase reaction between diborane (B2H6) gas and Mg vapor for MgB2 formation, core-shell structured MgB2/C composite fiber could be synthesized. The high quality of the prepared MgB2 fibers was confirmed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the critical temperature (Tc) of the sample deposited at 590°C and 12 sccm flow rate of B2H6 was measured at ~40 K. The microstructures of MgB2 layer was characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The bright-field TEM images showed MgB2 with the grain size of several nanometers. The MgB2 thin film showed highly dense microstructure without pore and well-connected to the carbon fiber interface. High-resolution TEM (HRTEM) images and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) revealed the presence of interface phase between MgB2 thin films and carbon fiber. MgB2, HPCVD, TEM, core-shell structure, MgB2/carbon fiber 03 2010 17 Surface Review and Letters 289 292 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X10013692 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X10013692 text/html SEONG GU KANG Engineering Research Institute, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea SUNG CHANG PARK Engineering Research Institute, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea JUN-KI CHUNG Engineering Research Institute, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea NAM HOON LEE Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 404-706, Korea WON NAM KANG Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 404-706, Korea KYU JEONG SONG Division of Science Education, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea TAE-KEUN LEE Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University of Technology, Seoul 139-743, Korea CHEOL JIN KIM Engineering Research Institute, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:17:y:2010:i:03:p:337-3432011-01-21RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Microstructural evolution and fracture behavior of zirconia (ZrO2)-based thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) were investigated under thermal exposure. New ZrO2 granule with 8 wt.% yttria (Y2O3) with a deformed hollow morphology was developed through a spray drying process and employed to prepare TBCs. The thermal exposure tests were conducted at 1210°C with a dwell time of 100 h till 800 h. The residual stress at the interface between top coat and thermally grown oxide (TGO) layer was measured using a nanoindentation technique before and after thermal exposure. Vertical cracks on the top coat were newly formed and interlamellar cracks at the interface were enhanced after the thermal exposure of 800 h. Especially, partial delamination was observed at the interface after the thermal exposure of 800 h in TBC samples tested. The microstructural evolution in the top coat could be defined through load–displacement curves, showing a higher load or a less displacement after the thermal exposure of 800 h. The stress state was strongly dependent on the TGO geometry, resulting in the compressive stresses at the "valleys" or the "troughs," and the tensile stresses at the "crests" or peak areas, in the ranges of -500 to -75 MPa and of +168 to + 24 MPa, respectively. These stress terms incorporated with resintering during thermal exposure affected the mechanical properties such as hardness and elastic modulus of the top coat. Thermal barrier coating (TBC), microstructure, interface, thermally grown oxide (TGO), residual stress 03 2010 17 Surface Review and Letters 337 343 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X10013965 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X10013965 text/html JAE-YOUNG KWON School of Nano and Advanced Materials Engineering, Changwon National University, #9 Sarim-dong, Changwon, Kyungnam 641-773, Korea JAE-HYOUN KIM School of Nano and Advanced Materials Engineering, Changwon National University, #9 Sarim-dong, Changwon, Kyungnam 641-773, Korea SANG-YEOP LEE School of Nano and Advanced Materials Engineering, Changwon National University, #9 Sarim-dong, Changwon, Kyungnam 641-773, Korea YEON-GIL JUNG jungyg@changwon.ac.kr School of Nano and Advanced Materials Engineering, Changwon National University, #9 Sarim-dong, Changwon, Kyungnam 641-773, Korea HYUN CHO Department of Nanosystem and Nanoprocess Engineering, Pusan National University, Miryang, Kyungnam 627-706, Korea DONG-KEE YI Division of Bionanotechnology, Kyungwon University, Bokjung-dong, Sungnam, Gyeonggi 461-701, Republic of Korea UNGYU PAIK Department of Energy Engineering, Hanyang University, Haengdang-dong, Sungdon-gu, Seoul 133-791, Korea

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:17:y:2010:i:01:p:15-202011-01-21RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article We present one of the central and basic factors related to the TiO2 photoanodes of optimal absorption site. Binder is of particular importance for surfaces and interfaces that involve organic dye and TiO2 layer. We introduced monodispersed liquid copolymer binders; poly(ethylene glycol)-ethyl ether methacrylate (PEG-EEM) instead of solid PEG to increase TiO2 electrode's surface area. We attempt to investigate the morphology of the photoanodes and photovoltaic effects using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), BET and photovoltaic properties under illumination with AM 1.5 simulated sunlight. We achieve 167% enhanced power conversion efficiency when the optimal content of liquid PEG-EEM binder was 4 wt.% than that of PEG binder. We show that the performance of Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) can be strongly improved using liquid type binder. Dye-sensitized solar cell, photocurrent-voltage, TiO2, binder, surface area 01 2010 17 Surface Review and Letters 15 20 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X10013576 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X10013576 text/html EN MEI JIN Department of Electrical Engineering, Chonnam National University, 300 Yongbon-dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-757, South Korea KYUNG-HEE PARK Department of Electrical Engineering, Chonnam National University, 300 Yongbon-dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-757, South Korea JE-JUNG YUN Jeonnam Nano Bio Center, 1063-50 Yeongcheon-ri, Jangseong-gun, Jeollanam-do 515-806, South Korea CHANG KOOK HONG Center for Functional Nano Fine Chemicals, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea MIN-JIN HWANG Center for Functional Nano Fine Chemicals, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea BOK-KEE PARK Department of Electrical Engineering, Howon National University, South Korea KI-WON KIM ITRC for Energy Storage and Conversion, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, South Korea HAL-BON GU Department of Electrical Engineering, Chonnam National University, 300 Yongbon-dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-757, South Korea

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:17:y:2010:i:02:p:201-2052011-01-21RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article SiC-mixed Sn–58Bi composite solder bumps were successfully fabricated via an electroplating process. For the composite solder bump fabrication, ultrasonically dispersed SiC nanoparticles were added to the plating solutions. DSC analysis indicated that the melting temperature of SiC-mixed Sn–58Bi solders was the same as that of the non-mixed Sn–58Bi. Shear strengths of Sn–58Bi+SiC solder bumps were 6% higher than that of non-mixed solder bumps. The thicknesses of intermetallic compound were almost the same for both Sn–58Bi and Sn–58Bi+SiC samples. The Sn–58Bi+SiC composite solder bumps had finer lamellar structures than non-mixed Sn–58Bi. From the fracture surface analysis, fracture occurred at solder bump matrix, not at joint interface. Therefore, the addition of the SiC nanoparticles in the Sn–58Bi solders decreased the grain sizes, which increased the shear strengths. Sn–58Bi, SiC nanoparticles, Pb-free solders, solder bump, electroplating 02 2010 17 Surface Review and Letters 201 205 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X10013795 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X10013795 text/html YUE-SEON SHIN Micro-Joining Center, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, 7-47 Songdo-Dong, Yeonsu-Gu, Incheon 406-840, Korea YOUNG-KI KO Micro-Joining Center, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, 7-47 Songdo-Dong, Yeonsu-Gu, Incheon 406-840, Korea JUN-KI KIM Micro-Joining Center, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, 7-47 Songdo-Dong, Yeonsu-Gu, Incheon 406-840, Korea SEHOON YOO yoos@kitech.re.kr Micro-Joining Center, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, 7-47 Songdo-Dong, Yeonsu-Gu, Incheon 406-840, Korea CHANG-WOO LEE cwlee@kitech.re.kr Micro-Joining Center, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, 7-47 Songdo-Dong, Yeonsu-Gu, Incheon 406-840, Korea

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:17:y:2010:i:02:p:173-1762011-01-21RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article ZnO with 2D flower-like and 1D rod shape were obtained from simple and rapid hydrolysis of Zn nanopowder. The Zn nanopowders were incorporated into distilled water with acetic acid and then the solution was stirred at 60°C for 8 h. The nanoflower-like and rod shape were formed without any surfactant. It seems that the acetic acid played a role of controlling PH and etching the oxide layer on the surface of metal nanopowders to enhance rapid reaction with distilled water. X-ray diffraction patterns for all samples exhibited that the resultant precipitates were completely transformed to ZnO powder. It is clearly observed that the morphological changes of ZnO with reaction time in aqueous solution follows chestnut bur → flower → tetrahedron → rod sequences during the hydrolysis reaction. ZnO, nanorod, hydrolysis 02 2010 17 Surface Review and Letters 173 176 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X10013655 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X10013655 text/html BYUNG SUN HAN Advance Material Organization (AMO), Gimpo 415-863, South Korea YOUNG RANG UHM Division of Nuclear Materials Research, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon 305-353, Republic of Korea CHANG KYU RHEE Division of Nuclear Materials Research, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon 305-353, Republic of Korea

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:17:y:2010:i:03:p:363-3672011-01-21RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Novel three-dimensional (3D) branched nanotubes of sodium niobate (NaNbO3) were produced by a multi-step reaction, which involves the synthesis of Nb2O5 branched nanowires and subsequently treating these precursors in alkali solution. XRD and SEM have been used to analyze current products. All the obtained nanobranches exhibited tubular structure, which was induced by nanoscale Kirkendall effect and surface diffusion. This work demonstrates a simple and efficient pathway to design hierarchical and complex hollow nanostructures, which are expected to have important applications, such as sensors and photocatalysts. Niobate, hierarchical, branched, nanotube, post-treatment 03 2010 17 Surface Review and Letters 363 367 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X10014119 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X10014119 text/html FEI LIU State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 158 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116012, China DONGFENG XUE dfxue@chem.dlut.edu.cn State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 158 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116012, China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:17:y:2010:i:03:p:391-3912011-01-21RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article No abstract received. 03 2010 17 Surface Review and Letters 391 391 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X1001417X application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X1001417X text/html JAE-CHEUL PARK general831121@hanmail.net Division of Marine System Engineering, Mokpo Maritime University, Mokpo City, Jeonnam 530-729, South Korea SEONG-JONG KIM Division of Marine System Engineering, Mokpo Maritime University, Mokpo City, Jeonnam 530-729, South Korea

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:17:y:2010:i:02:p:189-1932011-01-21RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article In this paper, alumina film was deposited using supersonic micronozzle in nano-particle deposition System (NPDS). Powder deposition at room temperature is important in the field of film deposition since high processing temperature can be a serious limitation for the deposition on flexible substrate. Previously, many studies have been reported on particle deposition, such as aerosol deposition method (ADM) or cold spray method. However, these deposition methods cannot be applied to various types of powders. Recently, NPDS using aluminum nozzle was designed to resolve these problems but it cannot deposit precise patterns less than 1 mm. In this study, alumina particles were deposited using Silicon-based micronozzle in NPDS. Three-dimensional silicon micronozzle was fabricated using semiconductor processing method, specifically deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) method. The silicon micronozzle fabricated by Bosch process is advantageous over the conventionally used nozzle, since the hardness of silicon is higher than that of aluminum and the lifetime can be increased. In this study, alumina nano-particles were accelerated to supersonic level at the neck of micronozzle and deposited on the substrate in a low vacuum condition. The film characteristics were evaluated using field-emission scanning electronic microscope (FE-SEM) and alpha step to measure its thickness of the deposited layer. The deposition result showed that alumina powders were successfully deposited using the fabricated micronozzle by means of NPDS. Alumina powers, micronozzle, DRIE, NPDS 02 2010 17 Surface Review and Letters 189 193 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X10013710 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X10013710 text/html WOOJIN SONG Division of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, Korea KYUBONG JUNG Division of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, Korea DOO-MAN CHUN School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea SUNG-HOON AHN School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea CAROLINE SUNYONG LEE sunyonglee@hanyang.ac.kr Division of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, Korea

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:17:y:2010:i:02:p:223-2282011-01-21RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Niobium powder was fabricated by metallothermic reduction process using K2NbF7 as the raw material, KCl and KF as the diluents and Na as the reducing agent. The apparatus for the experiment was designed and built specifically for the present study. Varying properties of niobium powder depending on reaction temperature and excess of reducing agent were analyzed. The niobium particle size increased significantly as the reduction temperature increased from 993 to 1093 K. The particle size was fairly uniform at a given reaction temperature, varying from 0.2 μ m to 50 nm depending on the reaction temperature. The yield of niobium powder increased from 58 to 83% with an increase in reaction temperature. The average particle size of niobium powder was improved from 70 nm to 0.2 μ m with the increase in the amount of Na excess. In addition, the yield rate of Nb powder was 82% in the 5% excess sodium. Niobium powder, metallothermic reduction, diluent, reaction temperature, reducing agent, particle size, yield 02 2010 17 Surface Review and Letters 223 228 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X10013898 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X10013898 text/html JAE-SIK YOON jaesiky@kbsi.re.kr Korea Basic Science Institute Suncheon Center, 315 Maegokdong, Suncheon, Jeonnam 540-742, Korea

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:17:y:2010:i:01:p:73-792011-01-21RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Nanosized YAG:Eu3+ powder samples were synthesized by using co-precipitation method and combining stoichiometric ratios of Y(NO3)3 · 6H2O, Eu(NO3)3 · 5H2O, Al(OR)3. After sintering at the temperature of 900°C for 3 h, YAG:Eu3+ nanoparticles with single phase were obtained. In comparison with the conventional solid-state reaction process, this sol–gel process not only decreased the temperature required for synthesizing YAG:Eu3+ powder, but also reduced their particle size to the nanometer range. The crystallinity, surface morphology and photoluminescent characteristics of phosphors were investigated by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and luminescence spectrophotometer, respectively. The size of the nanocrystalline materials was found to increase from 33.66 to 51.70 nm with the annealing temperature increasing from 900° to 1100°C. The photoluminescence spectra shows the emissions radiated by the transitions from 5D0 excited states to 7FJ (J = 1, 2) states of Eu3+ ions. The crystallinity, surface morphology and photoluminescence spectra of phosphors were highly dependent on the sintering temperature. YAG:Eu3+, nanoparticles, sol–gel, phosphors 01 2010 17 Surface Review and Letters 73 79 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X10013850 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X10013850 text/html YE RAN JUNG Department of Physics, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Korea HYUN KYOUNG YANG Department of Physics, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Korea BYUNG KEE MOON Department of Physics, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Korea BYUNG CHUN CHOI Department of Physics, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Korea JUNG HYUN JEONG jhjeong@pknu.ac.kr Department of Physics, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Korea JUNG HWAN KIM Department of Physics, Dong Eui University, Busan 614-714, Korea JONG SEONG BAE Nano Surface Technology Research Laboratory, Korea Basic Science Institute, Busan 609-735, Korea EUI DUCK JEONG Nano Surface Technology Research Laboratory, Korea Basic Science Institute, Busan 609-735, Korea

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:17:y:2010:i:03:p:389-3892011-01-21RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article No abstract received. 03 2010 17 Surface Review and Letters 389 389 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X10014156 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X10014156 text/html XIAOLI LI lili@snpc.org.cn Research Institute of Micro/Nano-Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200300, P. R. China; Shanghai Nanotechnology Promotion Center, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China GUANGQIAN YANG Institute to Applied Chemistry, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, P. R. China JIAN CHEN Research Institute of Micro/Nano-Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200300, P. R. China RONGJUN ZHANG School of Information Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China WEIMIN ZHOU Shanghai Nanotechnology Promotion Center, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China YANBO LIU Shanghai Nanotechnology Promotion Center, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China JING ZHANG Shanghai Nanotechnology Promotion Center, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China QINGKANG WANG Research Institute of Micro/Nano-Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200300, P. R. China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:17:y:2010:i:03:p:383-3872011-01-21RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article In the past decade, the development of nanoelectronics and nano-optics has attracted much interest in surface nanostructuring of semiconductor materials. The irradiation of a microlens array by a laser beam generates many focused light spots, which can act as a direct writing tool on photo-polymer materials. This maskless surface nanostructuring technique enables thousands to millions of identical nano-features to be patterned in a couple of laser pulses. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) images show that nano-features were patterned uniformly on the substrate surface, which suggests a versatile way of parallel surface nanostructuring over a large area. The simulation results of the energy flux distribution at the focal plane of the microlens arrays will also be discussed. Microlens arrays, nanopatterning 03 2010 17 Surface Review and Letters 383 387 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X10011085 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X10011085 text/html C. S. LIM Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117576, Singapore M. H. HONG hong_minghui@dsi.a-star.edu.sg Data Storage Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, DSI Building, 5 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117608, Singapore; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117576, Singapore Y. LIN Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117576, Singapore; Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Initiative, National University of Singapore, Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117576, Singapore L. S. TAN Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117576, Singapore; Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Initiative, National University of Singapore, Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117576, Singapore A. SENTHIL KUMAR Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117576, Singapore M. RAHMAN Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117576, Singapore

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:17:y:2010:i:01:p:63-682011-01-21RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article To obtain high ambient ionic conductivity of solid polymer electrolyte (SPE), we introduce polymer-in-salt system with ion hopping mechanism contrary to traditional salt-in-polymer system with segmental motion mechanism. In polymer-in-salt system, the interaction between polymer and salt is important because polymer-in-salt electrolyte contains a large amount of salt. Thus, we try to solve the origin of interaction between polymer and salt by using hard/soft acid base (HSAB) principle. The SPEs are made up of two types of polymers (poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO, hard base) and poly(ethylene imine) (PEI, softer base than PEO)) and four types of salts (LiCF3SO3 (hard cation/hard anion), LiCl (hard cation/soft anion), AgCF3SO3 (soft cation/hard anion), and AgCl (soft cation/soft anion)) according to HSAB principle. In salt-in-polymer system, ionic conductivities of SPEs were affected by HSAB principle but in polymer-in-salt system, they were influenced by the ion hopping property of salt rather than the solubility of polymer for salt according to HSAB principle. The highest ionic conductivities of PEO-based and PEI-based SPEs were 5.13 × 10-4Scm-1 and 7.32 × 10-4Scm-1 in polymer-in-salt system, respectively. Solid polymer electrolyte, polymer-in-salt system, ionic conductivity, hard/soft acid base principle, poly(ethylene oxide), poly(ethylene imine) 01 2010 17 Surface Review and Letters 63 68 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X10013825 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X10013825 text/html MIN-KYUNG KIM Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, San30, Jangeon-Dong, Gumjeong-Gu, Busan 609-735, Korea YU-JIN LEE Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, San30, Jangeon-Dong, Gumjeong-Gu, Busan 609-735, Korea NAM-JU JO namjujo@pusan.ac.kr Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, San30, Jangeon-Dong, Gumjeong-Gu, Busan 609-735, Korea

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:17:y:2010:i:03:p:283-2882011-01-21RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Hydrogenated amorphous and nanocrystalline silicon thin films were grown on porous anodic alumina substrates using electron cyclotron resonance-chemical vapor deposition technique from argon, hydrogen and silane gas composition. The structural characterization of the deposited hydrogenated silicon films were performed by scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction studies. The results revealed that mixed amorphous/nanocrystalline silicon phases with specific novel morphology were obtained on textured surfaces. The evolution of the film on ripple-like surface exhibited amorphous dominant structure, however, the film deposited on tipped/ribbed surface consisted of amorphous and nanocrystalline phases composite. The growth process strongly depends on the textured substrate pattern, which influences on the nanostructure shapes and crystallinity. Hydrogenated amorphous silicon, porous anodic alumina, chemical vapor deposition, textured surfaces, Raman spectra, X-ray diffraction 03 2010 17 Surface Review and Letters 283 288 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X10013679 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X10013679 text/html SANG-OK KIM Battery Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 39-1 Hawolgok-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea ALIAKSANDR KHODIN Battery Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 39-1 Hawolgok-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea JOONG KEE LEE leejk@kist.re.kr Battery Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 39-1 Hawolgok-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:17:y:2010:i:02:p:165-1722011-01-21RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Chitosan–gold nanocomposites were fabricated via a seed-mediated goldshell growth over chitosan–gold nanocomplex and examined as a potential biomedical agent for drug delivery. Chitosan–gold nanocomplex was formed by the electrostatic interaction between of cationic chitosan nanoparticles (ca. 50 nm) and anionic gold colloids (ca. 1–3 nm) and the subsequent reduction of gold salts was conducted to form the gold clusters over the chitosan nanoparticles in the presence of reducing ascorbic acid. The resultant nanocomposites (or nanoshells) exhibited the absorption peak around 580 nm that was clearly red-shifted by ca. 60 nm as compared to gold nanoparticles. Surface morphology and plasmonic properties of chitosan–gold nanocomposites were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (including EDX), ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, and zeta-potential meter. Chitosan, gold nanoparticles, nanocomposites, nanoshells 02 2010 17 Surface Review and Letters 165 172 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X10013643 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X10013643 text/html SEUNG-CHUL LEE Department of Chemical and Bioengineering, Kyungwon University, Sungnam-Shi, Gyeonggi-Do 461-701, Republic of Korea SANG-WHA LEE Department of Chemical and Bioengineering, Kyungwon University, Sungnam-Shi, Gyeonggi-Do 461-701, Republic of Korea IK-JOONG KANG ijkang@kyungwon.ac.kr Department of Chemical and Bioengineering, Kyungwon University, Sungnam-Shi, Gyeonggi-Do 461-701, Republic of Korea

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:17:y:2010:i:01:p:99-1032011-01-21RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Through our previous screening experiments for a new dental alloy design, an Au–11.9Pt–0.6Cu–0.5Sn alloy was selected as a candidate in terms of good strength and surface properties. In this report, the effects of In (indium) on the microstructures and hardness of a dental Au–11.9Pt–0.6Cu–0.5Sn–xIn alloy (where x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0 wt.%) was investigated. The hardness of the Au–11.9Pt–0.6Cu–0.5Sn–xIn alloys increased with increasing In content up to 0.75 wt.% and then started to decrease with further increase in In content. Particularly, the alloy containing 0.75% In exhibited noticeably high hardness of 172 Hv. With the addition of In to the Au–Pt–Cu–Sn alloy, grain size decreased and a large number of fine precipitates were formed. The precipitates were identified as Pt3(Sn, In) by convergent beam electron diffraction (CBED) and nanospot energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The increased hardness with the addition of In was attributed to the precipitation hardening of Pt3(Sn, In) and the grain refinement. Dental AuȃPt–Cu–Sn–In alloy, indium addition, aging heat treatment, Pt3(Sn, In) 01 2010 17 Surface Review and Letters 99 103 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X10014028 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X10014028 text/html JAI WON BYEON byeonjw@snut.ac.kr Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University of Technology, Korea

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:17:y:2010:i:01:p:27-322011-01-21RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article BST ceramics with doping of 1, 3, and 5 wt.% ZnBO were prepared by the conventional mixed oxide method and sintered at 1100°. X-ray diffraction analyses were carried out to verify the structural properties. 1, 3, and 5 wt.% ZnBO doped BST ceramics were crystallized with weak tetragonal structure at 1100°C. The grain growth behavior and shapes were investigated by scanning electron microscopy images. The electrical properties of 1, 3, and 5 wt.% ZnBO doped BST ceramics were investigated by impedance spectroscopy at the different temperatures (350, 375, and 400°C). Impedance spectroscopy data presented in Nyquist plot show the existence of both grain and grain boundary effects in all specimens. 1, 3, and 5 wt.% ZnBO doped BST ceramics showed negative temperature coefficient of resistance (NTCR). Also, the capacitances and resistances of grains and grain boundaries for 1, 3, and 5 wt.% doped BST ceramics were simulated through equivalent circuit with the parallelly connected capacitors and resistors. The capacitance and resistance were decreased when temperature and ZnBO dopants were increased. BST ceramics, impedance spectroscopy, capacitance 01 2010 17 Surface Review and Letters 27 32 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X10013606 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X10013606 text/html SANG-HO MOON Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 139-701, Korea YONG-SU HAM Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 139-701, Korea JUNG-HYUK KOH Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 139-701, Korea

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:17:y:2010:i:01:p:45-492011-01-21RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article A micronozzle was applied in nanoparticle deposition system (NPDS) for supersonic deposition. To determine whether suitable behavior of supersonic fluid can be produced or not, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) flow analysis was used. Ni particles were successfully deposited using the fabricated micronozzle in NPDS at room temperature. It was found that shorter micronozzle with larger side profile deposits wide and thick film compared to the deposition using long micronozzle with smaller side profile. These experimental results agree with the simulation results. Bosch process, nanoparticle deposition system (NPDS), micronozzle, deep reactive-ion etching (DRIE), computational fluid dynamics (CFD) 01 2010 17 Surface Review and Letters 45 49 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X10013758 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X10013758 text/html KYUBONG JUNG Division of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Gyeonggi-do 426-791, Korea WOOJIN SONG Division of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Gyeonggi-do 426-791, Korea DOO-MAN CHUN School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea JUN-CHEOL YEO School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea MIN-SAENG KIM School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea SUNG-HOON AHN School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea CAROLINE SUNYONG LEE sunyonglee@hanyang.ac.kr Division of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Gyeonggi-do 426-791, Korea

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:17:y:2010:i:02:p:261-2642011-01-21RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article ZnO nanosheet and nanorod arrays were selectively synthesized on zinc substrate through the reaction of zinc foil with dilute alkaline solution at 120–180°C for 12–24 h. The microscopic morphology and crystal phase of these products were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). The growth mechanism and morphology evolution of the nanostructured ZnO arrays were investigated. Due to their uniform morphologies and large surface areas, the as-prepared ZnO nanosheet and nanorod arrays may be used as photovoltaic films and gas sensors for future applications. ZnO nanosheet arrays, ZnO nanorod arrays, hydrothermal method 02 2010 17 Surface Review and Letters 261 264 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X10014107 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X10014107 text/html PAI LU State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116012, P. R. China DONGFENG XUE dfxue@chem.dlut.edu.cn State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116012, P. R. China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:17:y:2010:i:02:p:141-1462011-01-21RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Ti-48%Al-2%Cr-2%Nb-(0, 0.5, 1) at.%W alloys were synthesized via the powder metallurgical route, and cyclically oxidized at 800, 900, or 1000°C in air for up to 100 h in order to find the effects of W on their oxidation characteristics. At 800°C, they oxidized relatively slowly, and the scales were thin and adherent. At 900°C, the scales began to spall locally. At 1000°C, they spalled repetitively during oxidation. Cr, Nb, and W improved the cyclic oxidation resistance of TiAl alloys. The oxides formed were TiO2 and Al2O3, which contained the alloying elements of Cr, Nb, and W. Nitrides formed were TiN and Ti2AlN. Intermetallics, TiAl, tungsten, oxidation 02 2010 17 Surface Review and Letters 141 146 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X10013539 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X10013539 text/html SANG-HWAN BAK School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea DONG YI SEO Structures and Materials Performance Lab., Institute for Aerospace Research, National Research Council, Ottawa, Ontario KIA0R6, Canada SEON-JIN KIM Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea JAE CHUN LEE Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Myongji University, Yongin 449-728, Korea DONG BOK LEE dlee@skku.ac.kr School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:17:y:2010:i:03:p:317-3212011-01-21RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article This work illustrates how the separation of a semiconductor wafer into individual devices occurs during conventional mechanical dicing. In situ examinations indicate that the final separation of the wafer takes place before the dicing blade has fully penetrated its active surface. Thus, it was predicted that mechanical dicing-induced damage in the separated device patterns would be due to other mechanical actions rather than the grinding action between the diamond particles embedded in the blade and the wafer. Based on the in situ examinations, it was experimentally tested how manipulating the revolving speed of the dicing blade affected the prevention of dicing-induced damage to device patterns. The experimental results show that among various mechanical actions, the impact stress due to the revolving action of the blade could be the most possible candidate for damage in the device pattern on the final uncut semiconductor wafer. Silicon wafer, device pattern, sawing blade, dicing, crack 03 2010 17 Surface Review and Letters 317 321 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X10013874 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X10013874 text/html SEONG-MIN LEE smlee@incheon.ac.kr Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Incheon, 177 Dohwa-dong, Nam-ku, Incheon 402-749, South Korea

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:17:y:2010:i:03:p:307-3102011-01-21RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Cu seed layer was deposited by chemical vapor deposition using new Cu precursor, Cu(dmamb)2. The Cu layers still need the barrier layer to prevent the diffusion, so Ta and Ti were used for the barrier layer on Si(100). Low temperature (LT) copper buffer layer was introduced and the effect of the buffer on the Cu films was investigated. The grown Cu layers were analyzed using FESEM, XRD, and four point probe measurement. The Cu seed layers were successfully deposited using Cu(dmamb)2 precursor. Better thickness uniformity was obtained in the Cu films with the LT Cu buffer, which lowered the electrical resistivity. CVD, buffer layer, barrier layer, Cu(dmamb)2, diffusion 03 2010 17 Surface Review and Letters 307 310 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X10013801 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X10013801 text/html SEONG-EON JIN Department of Material Science Engineering, Korea University, 501 Anam dong, Seongbuk gu, Seoul 136-713, South Korea DOHAN LEE Department of Material Science Engineering, Korea University, 501 Anam dong, Seongbuk gu, Seoul 136-713, South Korea SEUNGMOO LEE Department of Material Science Engineering, Korea University, 501 Anam dong, Seongbuk gu, Seoul 136-713, South Korea JONG-MUN CHOI Department of Material Science Engineering, Korea University, 501 Anam dong, Seongbuk gu, Seoul 136-713, South Korea BUMJOON KIM Department of Material Science Engineering, Korea University, 501 Anam dong, Seongbuk gu, Seoul 136-713, South Korea CHANG GYOUN KIM Advanced Materials Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 305-600, South Korea TACK-MO CHUNG Advanced Materials Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 305-600, South Korea DONG-JIN BYUN dbyun@korea.ac.kr Department of Material Science Engineering, Korea University, 501 Anam dong, Seongbuk gu, Seoul 136-713, South Korea

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:17:y:2010:i:01:p:39-442011-01-21RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Enhancing the operation life time or the electrochemical durability is one of the key issues in electrochromic material studies. It is generally accepted that the inorganic–organic hybrid structure is one of the effective ways to enhance the chemical stability of the material. In this study, an electrochromic film made of silica-polyaniline core-shell composite nanoparticles was tested. The composite particles were prepared through a chemical dispersion polymerization of aniline in an aqueous colloidal solution of silica. The synthesized particles were then dispersed into ethanol and the solution was deposited onto an Indium Tin Oxide (ITO)-coated glass substrate. The electrochromic characterization on the prepared films was performed using the cyclovoltammetry and the optical response to a switching potential. The results showed that the inorganic–organic core-shell hybrid nanoparticle could be a promising choice for the enhancement of electrochromic durability. Electrochromism, silica, polyaniline, sol–gel, core-shell nanoparticle, composite 01 2010 17 Surface Review and Letters 39 44 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X10013722 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X10013722 text/html TAEJIN HWANG greathtj@kitech.re.kr Surface Technology and Heat Treatment R&D Division, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), 7-47 Songdo-Dong, Yeonsu-Gu, Incheon 406-840, Korea HEUNGYEOL LEE Surface Technology and Heat Treatment R&D Division, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), 7-47 Songdo-Dong, Yeonsu-Gu, Incheon 406-840, Korea HOHYEONG KIM Surface Technology and Heat Treatment R&D Division, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), 7-47 Songdo-Dong, Yeonsu-Gu, Incheon 406-840, Korea GYUNTAK KIM Surface Technology and Heat Treatment R&D Division, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), 7-47 Songdo-Dong, Yeonsu-Gu, Incheon 406-840, Korea GYEONGJIN MUN Surface Technology and Heat Treatment R&D Division, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), 7-47 Songdo-Dong, Yeonsu-Gu, Incheon 406-840, Korea

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:17:y:2010:i:03:p:277-2812011-01-21RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article We investigated the properties of inorganic–organic hybrid thin films prepared by sol–gel reaction. Sol solutions were synthesized by using two kinds of nanosized boehmite and methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) in variation with the amount of MTMS at different reaction times. Boehmite nano sol of spherical and fibrous shapes was used as inorganic material, and MTMS was used as organic material. The morphology of boehmite nano sol powder was observed by transmission electron microscopy. Coating sols were prepared from boehmite sol and MTMS by sol–gel reaction. Physical and chemical properties of thin films prepared from boehmite and MTMS sols were investigated. Surface hydrophobicity, roughness, thickness, thermal resistance and electrical resistivity of boehmite/MTMS thin films were investigated. Boehmite, inorganic–organic hybrid, methyltrimethoxysilane, thin film, sol–gel 03 2010 17 Surface Review and Letters 277 281 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X10013618 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X10013618 text/html HOYYUL PARK hypark@keri.re.kr Advanced Materials and Application Research Division, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute, P. O. Box 20, Changwon 641-600, Korea MYEONGSANG AHN Advanced Materials and Application Research Division, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute, P. O. Box 20, Changwon 641-600, Korea MOONKYONG NA Advanced Materials and Application Research Division, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute, P. O. Box 20, Changwon 641-600, Korea

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:17:y:2010:i:02:p:153-1572011-01-21RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Titanium alloys are superior of biocompatibility, mechanical properties and chemical stability. The biocompatibility of Ti alloy is related to the surface effect between human tissue and implant. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the bioactivity of Ti alloy by alkali and acid chemical surface treatment; and the biocompatibility of Ti alloy was evaluated by in vitro test. Higher bone-bonding ability and bioactivity of the substrate were obtained by the formation of apatite layers on the Ti alloy in simulated body fluid. The microstructures of apatite layer were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the formed phases were analyzed with X-ray diffraction (XRD). Ti alloy, bioactivity, surface treatment 02 2010 17 Surface Review and Letters 153 157 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X1001362X application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X1001362X text/html N. R. HA Eng. Res. Inst., i-Cube Center, Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gajwa-dong, Jinju 660-701, Korea Z. X. YANG Eng. Res. Inst., i-Cube Center, Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gajwa-dong, Jinju 660-701, Korea G. C. KIM Eng. Res. Inst., i-Cube Center, Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gajwa-dong, Jinju 660-701, Korea K. H. HWANG khhwang@gsnu.ac.kr Eng. Res. Inst., i-Cube Center, Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gajwa-dong, Jinju 660-701, Korea D. S. SEO Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, Chosun University, 375 Seosuk-dong, Dong-gu, Gwangju 501-759, Korea J. K. LEE Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, Chosun University, 375 Seosuk-dong, Dong-gu, Gwangju 501-759, Korea

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:17:y:2010:i:02:p:241-2442011-01-21RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article The Fe–Al–X(Cu, Ni, Ti) composites reinforced with graphite particles were fabricated employing the powder metallurgy process for slide bearing applications. In all samples, graphite particles of 6 wt.% were added. Elemental powders were mixed to specific compositions with a powder lubricant, and then the mixed powders were compacted at 500 MPa. The green compacts were heated to 450°C to remove the lubricant and sintered at 1200°C for 1 h. The sintering was conducted in vacuum. The sintering of binary Fe–Al–graphite system showed low density and growth in dimension. Complex addition of Cu, Ni and Ti improved the sinterability of green compacts due to occurrence of partial liquid phases. Hardness of sintered samples strongly depended on dimensional change during sintering. The samples of high hardness showed better wear resistance properties. Slide bearing, graphite, Fe–Al–X, composites 02 2010 17 Surface Review and Letters 241 244 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X10013990 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X10013990 text/html SE-HYUN KO shko@kitech.re.kr Production Technology Research Division, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, 7-47, Songdo-dong, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 406-840, Korea WONSIK LEE Production Technology Research Division, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, 7-47, Songdo-dong, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 406-840, Korea JIN MAN JANG Production Technology Research Division, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, 7-47, Songdo-dong, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 406-840, Korea IL-HO KIM Production Technology Research Division, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, 7-47, Songdo-dong, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 406-840, Korea SEONG-GUN SHIN R&D Center, Jeda Industries, Inc., 7-9, Songdo-dong, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 406-840, Korea

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:17:y:2010:i:03:p:323-3272011-01-21RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article The fracture strength of LOC (lead-on-chip) packages was measured through three-point bending tests. Metallurgical examination shows that failure in an LOC package begins at a pre-existing flaw in the form of a scratch on the bottom surface of the plastic-encapsulated silicon chip. The flexural strength of LOC packages was estimated as a function of the geometry of the grinding-induced scratches on the back surface of the chips. The major conclusion is that the fracture strength of the plastic package, including the silicon chip, can be enhanced up to 80% by changing its scratch marks from 0°, running parallel to its lateral direction, to 90°, running parallel to its longitudinal direction. Plastic package, silicon chip, fracture, scratch mark, bending test 03 2010 17 Surface Review and Letters 323 327 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X10013916 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X10013916 text/html SEONG-MIN LEE smlee@incheon.ac.kr Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Incheon, 177 Dohwa-dong, Nam-ku, Incheon 402-749, South Korea

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:17:y:2010:i:01:p:59-622011-01-21RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Y2SiO5:Ce3+ particles was synthesized by sol–gel process. In all samples treated at 1100°C, monoclinic X1 phase for all cerium concentration. Luminescence spectra shows broad Ce3+ luminescence in Y2SiO5 host, which picks around 450 nm. The synthesized and calcined powders were characterized by thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimeter (TG-DSC), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and photoluminescence spectra (PL). Y2SiO5:Ce3+, phosphor, sol–gel process, monoclinic X1 phase 01 2010 17 Surface Review and Letters 59 62 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X10013771 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X10013771 text/html YOUNG-JAE KO School of Nano and Advanced Material Engineering, Changwon National University, Gyeongnam 641-773, Korea JONG KYU LEE Division of Green Ceramic, Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering and Technology, Seoul 153-801, Korea MIN-CHEOL CHU Materials Evaluation Center, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Yuseong, Daejeon 305-600, Korea DONG-SIK BAE dsbae7@changwon.ac.kr School of Nano and Advanced Material Engineering, Changwon National University, Gyeongnam 641-773, Korea

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:17:y:2010:i:03:p:375-3812011-01-21RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Hierarchical alveolate structures in nano- to microscale were fabricated on both aluminum and stainless steel substrates via a chemical etching. On aluminum surfaces, sharp edged caves and plateaus were found. On stainless steel substrate, fine papillae stand on protuberances. These surfaces exhibit super-hydrophobic properties after the fluorination treatment, their water contact angles are 158° and 160°, respectively, with the contact angle hysteresis of about 5°. The roll off angle is about 5°. Ice melting behaviors on a plate of aluminum super-hydrophobic surface were compared with those on a hydrophilic one, their difference shows that the new feature of super-hydrophobic surface could be expected. Super-hydrophobicity, chemical etching, micro- and nanostructure, aluminum, stainless steel 03 2010 17 Surface Review and Letters 375 381 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X10014132 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X10014132 text/html ZHIJIA YU yuzhijia@dl.cn School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116012, China YUEFEI YU School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116012, China YANFENG LI School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116012, China SHANPENG SONG School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116012, China SUBIN HUO School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116012, China XIUYAN HAN School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116012, China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:17:y:2010:i:01:p:69-722011-01-21RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Friction stir processing (FSP) was used to improve the mechanical characteristics and microstructure of AC7AV cast Al–Mg alloy. The mechanical characteristics of AC7AV deteriorated due to significant defects caused by excessive friction heat after being subjected to multi-pass FSP. An alternative method of multi-pass FSP with two traveling directions was used to solve the defect problems in multi-pass FSP for cast AC7AV Al alloy. The results of various multi-pass FSP experiments showed that the mechanical properties of the cast AC7AV Al alloy specimens subjected to this alternative multi-pass FSP were better than those produced by the conventional multi-pass FSP method. AC7AV cast Al–Mg alloy, multi-pass fraction stir processing, mechanical characteristics 01 2010 17 Surface Review and Letters 69 72 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X10013837 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X10013837 text/html JAE-CHEUL PARK general831121@hanmail.net Division of Marine System Engineering, Mokpo Maritime University, Mokpo City, Jeonnam 530-729, South Korea SEONG-JONG KIM Division of Marine System Engineering, Mokpo Maritime University, Mokpo City, Jeonnam 530-729, South Korea

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:17:y:2010:i:02:p:185-1882011-01-21RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article In order to optimize the condition for the semi-solid Al–Zn–Mg aluminium alloy fabricated by cooling plate method, the Taguchi design was used. The cooling plate method effectively separating the grains formed from the mold wall can be used to form a semi-solid material by flowing molten metal over an inclined Cu plate and casting in a mold for the near-net shape component. In Taguchi's design method, the higher signal vs noise (S/N) ratio the better. Therefore, the manufacturing conditions were arranged as a table of orthogonal arrays (L9(34)), and the influence of two factors, pouring temperature and cooling plate angle, was examined. From the observed microstructures, the grain size and aspect ratio were measured by image analyzer. The results indicated that the pouring temperature exerts the main effect on the spherical microstructures since the S/N ratio, which is the sensibility of the surrounding environment, was the highest. The optimum condition for the Al–Zn–Mg alloy was a cooling plate angle of 40° and a pouring temperature of 680°C. The grain size and aspect ratio were 70 μm and 1.3, respectively. Al–Zn–Mg, semi-solid, cooling plate, Taguchi's design method 02 2010 17 Surface Review and Letters 185 188 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X10013709 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X10013709 text/html SUNG-YONG SHIM i-Cube Center, Engineering Research Institute, Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gazwa 660-701, Jinju, Korea HYUNG-WON PARK i-Cube Center, Engineering Research Institute, Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gazwa 660-701, Jinju, Korea IN-SANG JEONG i-Cube Center, Engineering Research Institute, Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gazwa 660-701, Jinju, Korea SU-GUN LIM suglim@gnu.ac.kr i-Cube Center, Engineering Research Institute, Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gazwa 660-701, Jinju, Korea

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:17:y:2010:i:01:p:81-862011-01-21RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article The spinel LiMn2O4 powders were prepared by sol–gel technique using lithium acetate (Li(CH3COO) · 2H2O) and manganese acetate (Mn(CH3COO)2 · 4H2O) as starting materials, citric acid as a chelating agent, and acrylamide as a gel formatting agent. In order to improve the electrochemical performance of lithium ion batteries and prevent structural disintegration from Mn dissolution generated by undesirable acid production, conductive agents were additionally coated on the surface of active material coated on pure aluminum foil as a current collector. Also, it was comparatively investigated using different conductive agents with different particle sizes as well as adopting the cells into the different thermal environments. The electrochemical performance of the Li/LiMn2O4 cells demonstrated that the spinel LiMn2O4 might be effectively shielded from acid, resulting in improved electrochemical capacity characteristics at room temperature as well as elevated temperature of 55°C. Lithium ion battery, cathode, LiMn2O4, Mn dissolution 01 2010 17 Surface Review and Letters 81 86 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X10013862 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X10013862 text/html MYOUNG HYE CHANG Department of Chemical Engineering, Green Energy Center, Kyung Hee University, 1 Seochun, Gihung, Yongin, Gyeonggi 446-701, Korea CHANG WOO LEE cwlee@khu.ac.kr Department of Chemical Engineering, Green Energy Center, Kyung Hee University, 1 Seochun, Gihung, Yongin, Gyeonggi 446-701, Korea

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:17:y:2010:i:01:p:87-912011-01-21RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article We report direct growth of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VCNTs) on Cu foils using thermal chemical vapor deposition and present the feasibility of possible applications as anode materials in lithium ion batteries. The VCNTs were vertically standing on the Cu foils which were covered with catalytic iron and alumina buffer layers. The growth temperature was 725°C and acetylene under atmospheric pressure was used as a hydrocarbon source. The VCNT grown had mean diameter of 5.8 nm and showed electrical ohmic contact to Cu foils. Electrochemical properties of Li ion battery cell using VCNT anode were examined and high capacitance was observed. Carbon nanotubes, vertical growth, Cu foils, lithium ion battery 01 2010 17 Surface Review and Letters 87 91 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X10013904 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X10013904 text/html BYEONG-JOO LEE Department of Advanced Materials, Science and Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Kangwon 200-701, Korea JIN-JU KIM Department of Advanced Materials, Science and Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Kangwon 200-701, Korea KANG-HEE CHOI Department of Advanced Materials, Science and Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Kangwon 200-701, Korea EUI-CHUL SHIN Department of Advanced Materials, Science and Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Kangwon 200-701, Korea WAN-JUN KIM Department of Advanced Materials, Science and Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Kangwon 200-701, Korea SUNG-MAN LEE Department of Advanced Materials, Science and Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Kangwon 200-701, Korea GOO-HWAN JEONG ghjeong@kangwon.ac.kr Department of Advanced Materials, Science and Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Kangwon 200-701, Korea

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:17:y:2010:i:02:p:177-1842011-01-21RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article MgB2/carbon fibers have been synthesized by the combination of RF-sputtering of B and thermal evaporation of Mg, followed by co-evaporation. First, boron layer was deposited by RF-sputtering on the carbon fiber with average diameter of 7.1 μm. Later this coated layer of B was reacted with Mg vapor to transform into MgB2. Since the MgB2 reaction proceed with Mg diffusion into the boron layer, Mg vapor pressure and the diffusion time had to be controlled precisely to secure the complete reaction. Also the deposition rate of each element was controlled separately to obtain stoichiometric MgB2, since Mg was evaporated by thermal heating and B by sputtering system. The sintered B target was magnetron sputtered at the RF-power of ~200 W, which corresponded to the deposition rate of ~3.6 Å/s. With the deposition rate of B fixed, the vapor pressure of Mg was controlled by varying the temperature of tungsten boat with heating element control unit between 100 and 900°C. The MgB2 layers with the thickness of 200–950 nm could be obtained and occasionally MgO appeared as a second phase. Superconducting transition temperatures were measured around ~38 K depending on the deposition condition. MgB2 superconductor, core-shell structure, co-evaporation, flexible MgB2 thin film fiber 02 2010 17 Surface Review and Letters 177 184 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X10013680 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X10013680 text/html SUNG CHANG PARK Engineering Research Institute, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 600-701, South Korea YEONG JIN LIM Engineering Research Institute, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 600-701, South Korea TAE-KEUN LEE Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University of Technology, Seoul 139-743, South Korea CHEOL JIN KIM cjk@gnu.ac.kr Engineering Research Institute, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 600-701, South Korea

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:17:y:2010:i:03:p:271-2762011-01-21RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Al2O3 coatings were prepared on T6-tempered Al6061 alloys substrate under a hybrid voltage (AC 200 V–60 Hz and DC 260 V value) by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) in 30 min. The effects of different electrolytes on the abrasive behaviors of the coatings were studied by conducting dry ball-on-disk wear tests. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to investigate the coating microstructure. XRD analysis results show that the coatings mainly consist of α- and γ-Al2O3, and some mullite and AlPO4 phase in Na2SiO3 and Na3PO4 containing electrolytes, respectively. The wear test results show that the coatings which were PEO-treated in Na3PO4 containing electrolyte presented the most excellent abrasive resistance property. Plasma electrolytic oxidation, Al6061 alloy, oxide coating, abrasive behavior, electrolytes, microhardness 03 2010 17 Surface Review and Letters 271 276 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X1001359X application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X1001359X text/html KAI WANG School of Nano and Advanced Materials Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon 641-773, Korea SANGSIK BYUN School of Nano and Advanced Materials Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon 641-773, Korea CHAN GYU LEE School of Nano and Advanced Materials Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon 641-773, Korea BON HEUN KOO bhkoo@changwon.ac.kr School of Nano and Advanced Materials Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon 641-773, Korea YI QI WANG Department of Mechanical Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon 641-773, Korea JUNG IL SONG Department of Mechanical Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon 641-773, Korea

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:17:y:2010:i:01:p:33-382011-01-21RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article The (La0.7Ca0.3MnO3)1-x/(CuFe2O4)x (x = 0–0.15) composites were prepared by conventional solid state reaction method. We have investigated the structural, magnetic and electrical properties of (La0.7Ca0.3MnO3)1-x/(CuFe2O4)x composites using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy, field cooled DC magnetization and magnetoresistance (MR) measurements. The resistance measured as a function of temperature demonstrates that pure LCMO samples display metal to semiconductor transition. On the other hand, all the LCMO/CFO composites samples clearly present the electrical behavior of insulator/semiconductor. It indicates that resistivity of the samples increase systemically with the increase of CFO content. The MR was measured in the presence of 0.5 T field. At low temperatures, it is clearly observed that the MR effect is enhanced with x = 0.03 of CFO composition. In summary, the spin-polarized tunneling and the spin-dependent scattering may be helpful to the improved low-field magnetoresistance (LFMR) effect. These phenomena can be explained by the segregation of a new phase related to CFO at the grain boundaries or surfaces of the LCMO grains. (La0.7Ca0.3MnO3)1-x/(CuFe2O4)x composites, low field magnetoresistance (LFMR), secondary grain boundary, Curie temperature (Tc), spin-polarized tunneling, spin-dependent scattering 01 2010 17 Surface Review and Letters 33 38 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X10013667 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X10013667 text/html YOUNG JOO KIM School of Nano and Advanced Materials Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon, Korea SHALENDRA KUMAR School of Nano and Advanced Materials Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon, Korea YONG JUN SEO School of Nano and Advanced Materials Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon, Korea JIHO CHANG Major of Semiconductor Physics, Korea Maritime University, Busan, Korea CHAN GYU LEE School of Nano and Advanced Materials Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon, Korea BON HEUN KOO bhkoo@changwon.ac.kr School of Nano and Advanced Materials Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon, Korea

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:17:y:2010:i:01:p:51-582011-01-21RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Carbon nano-coated LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2/C (LNCAO/C) cathode-active materials were prepared by a sol–gel method and investigated as the cathode material for lithium ion batteries. Electrochemical properties including the galvanostatic charge–discharge ability and cyclic voltammogram behavior were measured. Cyclic voltammetry (2.7–4.8 V) showed that the carbon nano-coating improved the "formation" of the LNCAO electrode, which was related to the increased electronic conductivity between the primary particles. The carbon nano-coated LNCAO/C exhibited good electrochemical performance at high C-rate. Also, the thermal stability at a highly oxidized state of the carbon nano-coated LNCAO was remarkably enhanced. The carbon nano-coating layer can serve as a physical and/or (electro-)chemical protection shell for the underlying LNCAO, which is attributed to an increase of the grain connectivity (physical part) and also to the protection of metal oxide from chemical reactions (chemical part). Lithium ion battery, cathode, LNCAO, LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2, carbon coating 01 2010 17 Surface Review and Letters 51 58 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X1001376X application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X1001376X text/html JEONG-HUN JU Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, Daehak-ro 102, Nam-gu, Ulsan 680-749, Korea YOUNG-MIN CHUNG Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, Daehak-ro 102, Nam-gu, Ulsan 680-749, Korea YU-RIM BAK Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, Daehak-ro 102, Nam-gu, Ulsan 680-749, Korea MOON-JIN HWANG Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, Daehak-ro 102, Nam-gu, Ulsan 680-749, Korea KWANG-SUN RYU ryuks@ulsan.ac.kr Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, Daehak-ro 102, Nam-gu, Ulsan 680-749, Korea

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:17:y:2010:i:02:p:147-1522011-01-21RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article The morphological control of crystalline cerium oxide particles was realized by homogeneous precipitation process followed by calcination in air at 400°C. The effects of room temperature pre-aging time on the morphologies of final products were investigated. Monodispersed rod-like cerium carbonate precursor was produced at 70°C for 2 h using the solution without pre-aging treatment. In contrast, monodispersed spherical precursor and plate-like precursor were obtained under the same conditions after pre-aging the solution at 25°C for 72 and 144 h, respectively. Ceria particles with similar morphologies and particle size to those of carbonate precursor could be obtained after calcination in air at 400°C. The monodispersed spherical, rod-like, and plate-like cerium oxide particles were successfully synthesized. Morphological control, monodispersed particles, mild solution process 02 2010 17 Surface Review and Letters 147 152 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X10013552 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X10013552 text/html S. YIN shuyin@tagen.tohoku.ac.jp Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan Y. MINAMIDATE Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan T. SATO Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:17:y:2010:i:02:p:257-2602011-01-21RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article In this study, the effect of the reinforcement on the wear behavior of hypereutectic Al–Si composites was investigated by performing a ball-on-disk test. The specimens were manufactured by hot press after gas atomizing. Al–20Si–5TiC composite exhibited superior wear resistance than other composites used in this study. Hypereutectic Al–Si composites, gas atomization, dry sliding wear 02 2010 17 Surface Review and Letters 257 260 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X1001403X application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X1001403X text/html SEUL-KI PARK Department of Materials Science Engineering, Pusan National University, 30 Jangjeondong, Geumjeonggu, Busan, 609-735, Korea JIN-MYUNG CHOI Department of Materials Science Engineering, Pusan National University, 30 Jangjeondong, Geumjeonggu, Busan, 609-735, Korea YONG-JIN KIM Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Powder Materials Research Center, 66 Sangnamdong, Changwon 641-831, Korea IK-MIN PARK Department of Materials Science Engineering, Pusan National University, 30 Jangjeondong, Geumjeonggu, Busan, 609-735, Korea YONG-HO PARK yhpark@pusan.ac.kr Department of Materials Science Engineering, Pusan National University, 30 Jangjeondong, Geumjeonggu, Busan, 609-735, Korea

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:17:y:2010:i:01:p:135-1392011-01-21RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Well-defined CdS branched nanorod arrays on ITO glass were fabricated via a facile one-step hydrothermal approach in large scale employing cadmium sulfide and thiourea as starting agents. Structural and morphological evolutions of CdS branched nanorod arrays were studied by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. A formation mechanism of the hierarchical structure via this one-step synthesis was tentatively studied by investigating the reaction time. Tree-like nanostructures can also be obtained at relative higher reaction temperatures. As CdS can directly grow on transparent conductive substrate, the product obtained here should have potential applications in optoelectric devices such as solar cells and light sources. Branched nanorod, CdS, transparent conductive substrate, hydrothermal 01 2010 17 Surface Review and Letters 135 139 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X10014090 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X10014090 text/html FEI LIU State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 158 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116012, China DONGFENG XUE dfxue@chem.dlut.edu.cn State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 158 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116012, China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:17:y:2010:i:01:p:111-1192011-01-21RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article LiFePO4 nanocrystals were synthesized in various polyol media without any further post-heat treatment. The LiFePO4 samples synthesized using three different polyol media namely, diethylene glycol (DEG), triethylene glycol (TEG), and tetraethylene glycol (TTEG), exhibited plate and rod-shaped structures with average sizes of 50–500 nm. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns were indexed on the basis of an olivine structure (space group: Pnma). The samples prepared in DEG, TEG, and TTEG polyol media showed reversible capacities of 123, 155, and 166 mAh/g, respectively, at current density of 0.1 mA/cm2 with no capacity fading and exhibited excellent capacity retention up to the 50th cycle. In particular, the samples showed excellent performances at high rates of 30 and 60 C with high capacity retention. It is assumed that the nanometer size materials (~50 nm) possessing a highly crystalline nature may generate improved performance at high rate current densities. Lithium ion battery, LiFePO4, nanocrystal, cathode, polyol 01 2010 17 Surface Review and Letters 111 119 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X10014053 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X10014053 text/html DONGHAN KIM Department of Material Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, 300 Yongbongdong, Bukgu, Gwangju 500-757, Korea JINSUB LIM Department of Material Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, 300 Yongbongdong, Bukgu, Gwangju 500-757, Korea EUNSEOK CHOI Department of Material Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, 300 Yongbongdong, Bukgu, Gwangju 500-757, Korea JIHYEON GIM Department of Material Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, 300 Yongbongdong, Bukgu, Gwangju 500-757, Korea VINOD MATHEW Department of Material Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, 300 Yongbongdong, Bukgu, Gwangju 500-757, Korea YOUNKEE PAIK Daegu Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daegu 702-701, Korea HONGRYUN JUNG School of Applied Chemical Engineering, Chonnam National University, 300 Yongbongdong, Bukgu, Gwangju 500-757, Korea WANJIN LEE School of Applied Chemical Engineering, Chonnam National University, 300 Yongbongdong, Bukgu, Gwangju 500-757, Korea DOCHEON AHN Beamline Research Division, Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang 790-784, Korea SEUNGMIN PAEK Beamline Research Division, Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang 790-784, Korea JAEKOOK KIM Department of Material Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, 300 Yongbongdong, Bukgu, Gwangju 500-757, Korea

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:17:y:2010:i:01:p:9-142011-01-21RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article AZ91D magnesium alloys with and without dispersed SiC particles were oxidized between 420 and 500°C in air. They oxidized to fine MgO oxide grains containing dissolved ions of Al. Their oxidation rates increased almost linearly, with an increase in the oxidation temperature and time. SiC particles did not oxidize during oxidation, and increased the oxidation resistance of the alloy through diminishing the exposed surface area. With the increase in the amount of the dispersed SiC particles from 5 to 10, and to 20 wt.%, the oxidation resistance progressively increased. Magnesium, AZ91D, silicon carbide, oxidation 01 2010 17 Surface Review and Letters 9 14 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X10013564 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X10013564 text/html THUAN DINH NGUYEN School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea YOUNG-JIG KIM School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea JAE CHUN LEE Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Myongji University, Yongin 449-728, Korea SEON-JIN KIM Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea DONG-BOK LEE dlee@skku.ac.kr School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:17:y:2010:i:02:p:245-2502011-01-21RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article A single pulse of 0.57–1.1 kJ/0.3 g-spherical Ti-powder in size range of 30–70 μm, using a constant 450 μF capacitor, was applied to produce fully porous Ti- and W-compacts by electro-discharge sintering. Microstructure examination and hardness measurement of the porous Ti-compacts revealed that more stable necks formed with increasing electrical input energy up to 1.1 kJ. On the contrary, W-compacts using rectangular W-powders in size range of 5–15 μm are composed of solid region with micropore and porous layer with weak particle bonding indicating heterogeneous structure. These results suggest that the powder morphology plays a crucial role to control the porous microstructure. Metals, microporous materials, microstructure 02 2010 17 Surface Review and Letters 245 250 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X10014004 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X10014004 text/html GI-AN SONG Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, Gwangjin-gu, Gunja-dong, 143-747 Seoul, South Korea JI-SEON SHIN Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, Gwangjin-gu, Gunja-dong, 143-747 Seoul, South Korea TAE-JU KANG Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, Gwangjin-gu, Gunja-dong, 143-747 Seoul, South Korea HAN SHIN CHOI Advanced Materials Division, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Dongchon-dong, Yeonsu-gu, 463-130 Incheon, South Korea JIN KYU LEE Advanced Materials Division, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Dongchon-dong, Yeonsu-gu, 463-130 Incheon, South Korea MIN HA LEE Advanced Materials Division, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Dongchon-dong, Yeonsu-gu, 463-130 Incheon, South Korea TAEK SOO KIM Advanced Materials Division, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Dongchon-dong, Yeonsu-gu, 463-130 Incheon, South Korea WON HEE LEE Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, Gwangjin-gu, Gunja-dong, 143-747 Seoul, South Korea KI BUEM KIM kbkim@sejong.ac.kr Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, Gwangjin-gu, Gunja-dong, 143-747 Seoul, South Korea

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:17:y:2010:i:02:p:195-2002011-01-21RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Titanium carbide (TiC) has a low density, relatively high thermal and electrical conductivity. TiC is also very stable, with a melting temperature of 3100°C and does not undergo phase transformations. These properties have attraction to apply cutting tool extensively. Recently, in order to improve the properties of cermet tool materials, most researches have been carried out on the development of new binder. Ni3Al intermetallic is an interesting material because it has a great advantage of application for some structural materials, especially at the high temperatures. Ni3Al has low density, high strength and good corrosion resistance properties, which recommend them for the application of high temperature structural material. In this study, we had investigated the effects of mechanical alloying time and annealing temperature on the Ni3Al–Al2O3/TiC phase formation. Raw powders to fabricate Ni3Al–Al2O3/TiC composite powders were Ni, Al, TiH2 and activated carbon. These powders were ball-milled in planetary milling jar in argon atmosphere. Ball-milled powders were annealed up to 1200°C in Ar + 4%H2 atmosphere. The mean particle size of 300 nm was obtained after 10 h ball-milling. Ni3Al–Al2O3/TiC composite powders were formed by annealing for 1 h over 1100°C. Cermet, titanium carbide, Ni3Al, powder milling, composite powder 02 2010 17 Surface Review and Letters 195 200 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X10013746 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X10013746 text/html DONG-WOONG KIM School of Nano and Advanced Materials Engineering, I-Cube Center, K-MEM R&D Cluster, Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gazwa-Dong, Jinju 600-701, South Korea SUNG-HYUN CHOI School of Nano and Advanced Materials Engineering, I-Cube Center, K-MEM R&D Cluster, Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gazwa-Dong, Jinju 600-701, South Korea KYOUNG-ROK DO School of Nano and Advanced Materials Engineering, I-Cube Center, K-MEM R&D Cluster, Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gazwa-Dong, Jinju 600-701, South Korea SU-GUN LIM School of Nano and Advanced Materials Engineering, I-Cube Center, K-MEM R&D Cluster, Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gazwa-Dong, Jinju 600-701, South Korea IN-SHUP AHN ais@gnu.ac.kr School of Nano and Advanced Materials Engineering, I-Cube Center, K-MEM R&D Cluster, Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gazwa-Dong, Jinju 600-701, South Korea

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:17:y:2010:i:01:p:121-1272011-01-21RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Metal-doped ZnO films with various metal contents (Al, Ag and Li of 0–10 wt.%) were prepared by RF magnetron sputtering system with specially designed ZnO targets. The structural, optical and electrical properties of MZO films depended on the type and content of doping in target. Electrical resistivity of LZO thin films increased with increasing Li doping amounts between 0 and 4 wt.%, suggesting that an epitaxial LZO film has high resistivity. We observed morphology in pure ZnO films by using different etchant. In addition, etching rate were contrasted with the etchant concentration and pH. The etching rate is proportional exponentially to pH value. These data will be the technical basis for TCO application. Also, the dry etching rate decreased with increasing the Cl2 concentration in CH4/H2/Ar + additive Cl2 gas mixture but metal dopants were etched effectively. Metal-doped ZnO thin films, optical and electrical property, etching, organic light emitting diode 01 2010 17 Surface Review and Letters 121 127 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X10014065 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X10014065 text/html SANG-HUN NAM askaever@skku.edu Department of Chemistry and Center for Advanced Plasma Surface Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea MYOUNG-HWA KIM Department of Chemistry and Center for Advanced Plasma Surface Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea DONG GEUN YOO Department of Chemistry and Center for Advanced Plasma Surface Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea SEONG HUN JEONG Department of Chemistry and Center for Advanced Plasma Surface Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea DOO YONG KIM School of Materials Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea NAE-EUNG LEE School of Materials Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea J.-H. BOO jhboo@skku.edu Department of Chemistry and Center for Advanced Plasma Surface Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:17:y:2010:i:02:p:229-2342011-01-21RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article In the present study, the characteristics of the Ti powders fabricated by Hydride–Dehydride (HDH) were analyzed in terms of particle shape, size and size distribution. Ti powders were subjected to roll compaction and their microstructure and green densities were evaluated in terms of particle size, powder morphology, roll gap and rolling speed. Effects of blending elements having different powder sizes on densification properties were analyzed. The strip thickness was proportional to the roll gap up to 0.9 mm and the density of titanium strip was decreased with the increase in roll gap. As the roll speed increased, the strip density and thickness were decreased by using -200 mesh Ti powder. However, the effect of rolling speed for -400 mesh Ti powder was not greater than that of -200 mesh powder. The highest density by 93% was achieved by using -400 mesh Ti powder at 0.1 mm roll gap, however edge cracks and alligator cracks were occurred. Ti powder, powder rolling, roll compaction 02 2010 17 Surface Review and Letters 229 234 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X1001393X application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X1001393X text/html JAE-KEUN HONG jkhong@kims.re.kr Special Alloys Group, Korea Institute of Materials Science, #66 Sangnam, Changwon, Gyeongnam 641-831, Korea CHAE-HUN LEE Special Alloys Group, Korea Institute of Materials Science, #66 Sangnam, Changwon, Gyeongnam 641-831, Korea JEOUNG-HAN KIM Special Alloys Group, Korea Institute of Materials Science, #66 Sangnam, Changwon, Gyeongnam 641-831, Korea JONG-TAEK YEOM Special Alloys Group, Korea Institute of Materials Science, #66 Sangnam, Changwon, Gyeongnam 641-831, Korea NHO-KWANG PARK Special Alloys Group, Korea Institute of Materials Science, #66 Sangnam, Changwon, Gyeongnam 641-831, Korea

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:17:y:2010:i:02:p:251-2552011-01-21RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Hard materials, in particular tungsten carbide (WC) hard material has been used in many industries as cutting tool and abrasive materials. For improving toughness, binders are added into carbide materials. The effect of Co as binder on the mechanical properties in the nanosized WC was discussed. The hardness and fracture toughness were also investigated using 30 kgf load Vickers indenter. The nanosized WC-8, 10 and 12 vol.% Co composites were successfully fabricated without grain growth by high frequency induction heated sintering (HFIHS), which is the rapid sintering method, due to short sintering time 1140°C. The nanosized WC–Co composites fabricated by HFIHS have better mechanical properties than WC–Co composite fabricated by commercial sintering. Nanostructures, high-energy ball milling, WC hard material, nanocomposite 02 2010 17 Surface Review and Letters 251 255 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X10014016 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X10014016 text/html DUCK-SOO KANG Divison of Advanced Materials Engineering, The Research Center of Industrial Technology (RCIT), Chonbuk National University, Chonbuk 561-756, Republic of Korea KEE-DO WOO kdwoo@jbnu.ac.kr Divison of Advanced Materials Engineering, The Research Center of Industrial Technology (RCIT), Chonbuk National University, Chonbuk 561-756, Republic of Korea; Department of Hydrogen and Fuel Cells, Specialized Graduate School, Chonbuk National University, Chonbuk 561-756, Republic of Korea EUI-PYO KWON Divison of Advanced Materials Engineering, The Research Center of Industrial Technology (RCIT), Chonbuk National University, Chonbuk 561-756, Republic of Korea SANG-HYUK KIM Divison of Advanced Materials Engineering, The Research Center of Industrial Technology (RCIT), Chonbuk National University, Chonbuk 561-756, Republic of Korea MIN-SEOK MOON Department of Hydrogen and Fuel Cells, Specialized Graduate School, Chonbuk National University, Chonbuk 561-756, Republic of Korea IN-JIN SHON Divison of Advanced Materials Engineering, The Research Center of Industrial Technology (RCIT), Chonbuk National University, Chonbuk 561-756, Republic of Korea; Department of Hydrogen and Fuel Cells, Specialized Graduate School, Chonbuk National University, Chonbuk 561-756, Republic of Korea

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:17:y:2010:i:02:p:215-2212011-01-21RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article A HfB2-SiC ceramics were fabricated via a reactive hot pressing using Hf, B4C, and Si as precursors. The reaction temperature for the reactive hot pressing between 1800 and 1900°C was determined by reaction of the precursor at different temperatures from 900 to 1800°C. The effective size reduction of precursors was investigated by vibration milling, which exhibited a critical role to achieve high densification and uniform microstructure. Also, it has affected the oxidation behavior of HfB2–SiC in air. Vibration milled sample showed uniform surface of SiO2 layer, but sample which was fabricated by as-received powder exhibited non-uniform oxidation behavior. Examination of the mechanical properties showed that particle size reduction via vibration also led to improved flexural strength, hardness and fracture toughness. Reactive hot pressing, boride, vibration milling, oxidation 02 2010 17 Surface Review and Letters 215 221 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X10013886 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X10013886 text/html SEUNG JUN LEE Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Gwahangno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea EUL SON KANG Agency for Defense Development (ADD), 462 Jochiwongil, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea SEUNG SU BAEK Agency for Defense Development (ADD), 462 Jochiwongil, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea DO KYUNG KIM dkkim@kaist.ac.kr Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Gwahangno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:17:y:2010:i:02:p:159-1642011-01-21RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Needle-shaped PbTiO3 (PT) template particles were successfully synthesized using two different types of approaches, molten salt synthesis (MSS) and thermal synthesis method. In eutectic NaCl–KCl molten salt system, homogeneous and nonagglomerated needle-shaped PT particles were produced from PbO and needle-like TiO2 compound heated at 800–850°C for 2 h. The effect of heating temperature on the morphology of formed powders was studied in order to identify the optimum processing parameters. The template formation mechanism is discussed. Using thermal synthesis method, comparable needle-shaped PT crystalline particles were also obtained in one step. Plate-shaped PT powders were derived via flux synthesis. The effect of additives such as MnCl2 and LiF on the morphology of derived PT was studied. Adding a certain amount of MnCl2 led to the formation of well-defined plate-shaped PT particles. The structure and morphology of synthesized powders were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Lead titanate, molten salt synthesis, piezoelectric ceramics, textured ceramics, templates 02 2010 17 Surface Review and Letters 159 164 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X10013631 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X10013631 text/html S. MA mpems@nus.edu.sg Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore J. Y. H. FUH Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore; Minerals, Metals and Materials Technology Center (M3TC), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore Y. F. ZHANG Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore; Minerals, Metals and Materials Technology Center (M3TC), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore L. LU Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore; Minerals, Metals and Materials Technology Center (M3TC), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:17:y:2010:i:02:p:235-2402011-01-21RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Micro-spur gears were fabricated by powder injection–compression molding and micro-two-step gears were produced through stacking and sintering of the green parts. Shrinkage of micro-gears by sintering was larger in teeth and with increase of compression pressure, shrinkage was decreased due to increase of density in green parts. Surface roughness of sintered body was reduced to a few hundreds of nanometers by ultrasonic micro-polishing. The joining of green bodies by stacking and sintering was achieved using the pressurized sintering and insert of feedstock powders between both green bodies. Micro-powder injection molding, feedstock, micro-gear, diffusion bonding 02 2010 17 Surface Review and Letters 235 240 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X10013941 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X10013941 text/html JIN MAN JANG Advanced Materials Division, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Incheon Metropolitan City 406-840, Korea WONSIK LEE wonslee@kitech.re.kr Advanced Materials Division, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Incheon Metropolitan City 406-840, Korea SEONG-HO SON Production Technology Division, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Incheon Metropolitan City 406-840, Korea SE-HYUN KO Advanced Materials Division, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Incheon Metropolitan City 406-840, Korea IL-HO KIM Advanced Materials Division, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Incheon Metropolitan City 406-840, Korea

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:17:y:2010:i:03:p:369-3732011-01-21RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article In this work, two types of electrodeposited Ni–Fe/insulator/Cu composite wires, namely Ni–Fe/seed layer/glass coated copper wire (Composite Wire A), and Ni–Fe/seed layer/sputtered SiO2/Cu (Composite Wire B), have been fabricated and their giant magneto-impedance effects have been investigated. With different implementations of the insulator layer, the magneto-impedance effect of Composite Wire A, whose insulator layer is cast from the melt Pyrex, is significantly higher than that of Composite Wire B with an insulator of sputtered SiO2 layer. The profile of the insulator layer, as well as the thickness of magnetic layer and the diameter of the conductive core, greatly influences the interaction between the magnetic layer of Ni–Fe and the copper core, as shown in their giant magneto-impedance (GMI) effects. The maximum MI ratios obtained from Composite Wires A and B are 226% at 800 kHz when Hext = 0.87 Oe, and 95% at 1 MHz when Hext = 0 Oe, respectively. The Composite Wire A is a promising candidate for the sensing element of high sensitivity sensors to very weak magnetic field. For Composite Wire B, further improvement on its GMI effect and sensing performance requires optimization of its geometric parameters and the deposition conditions. Composite wire, electrodeposition, glass-coated wire, magneto-impedance effect 03 2010 17 Surface Review and Letters 369 373 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X10014120 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X10014120 text/html N. NING Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, 117576, Singapore J. FAN Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, 117576, Singapore J. WU Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, 117576, Singapore H. CHIRIAC National Institute of Research, and Development for Technical Physics, 47 Mangeron Blvd, 700506, Iasi 3, Romania X. P. LI mpelixp@nus.edu.sg Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, 117576, Singapore

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:17:y:2010:i:03:p:359-3622011-01-21RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article The particles, suspended in the electrolyte, can be co-deposited with metal. The co-deposition behaviors of WC and Co-coated WC particles on nickel matrix were investigated. Many operating parameters that influence on the quantity of incorporated particles, including current density, bath agitation and electrolyte composition were investigated. The co-deposition of particles during electroplating depends on the rate of metal deposition and on the flux of particles to the film surface. The growth rate of the metal film is determined by the current density, whereas the flux of particles to the electrode surface is dependent on the particle size, particle concentration in solution, the electrode rotation rate, the particle diffusion coefficient, and the electrode geometry. The kinetic parameters in the co-deposition were calculated from the experimental results. Co-coated WC particles were easily incorporated in the matrix than WC particles from the calculated and experimental results. Composite plating, kinetics, WC, co-deposition 03 2010 17 Surface Review and Letters 359 362 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X10014089 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X10014089 text/html DAE-GEUN KIM Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Hongik University, 72-1 Sangsu-dong, Mapo-gu, Seoul 121-791, Korea JAE-HO LEE jhlee@hongik.ac.kr Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Hongik University, 72-1 Sangsu-dong, Mapo-gu, Seoul 121-791, Korea

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:17:y:2010:i:01:p:1-72011-01-21RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Granules of in-house prepared PZT ceramic and powder of commercially available PVDF polymer were used as starting materials to form a series of xPZT/(1 - x)PVDF composites (where x = 0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9, and 1.0) with 0–3 connectivity. Densities of the composites tended to increase with increasing PZT ceramic content. Phase and microstructure of the composites revealed homogeneous mixture between PZT and PVDF phases. The composites with higher ceramic content had higher dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent. Ferroelectric measurement revealed the effect of PZT phase connectivity in 0.9PZT/0.1PVDF ceramic in which a sudden jump in ferroelectric properties was observed. Mechanical properties in terms of hardness, Young's modulus and fracture toughness were also improved when PZT content was increased. PZT/PVDF, composite, 0–3 connectivity, electrical properties, mechanical properties 01 2010 17 Surface Review and Letters 1 7 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X10013540 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X10013540 text/html PAILYN THONGSANITGARN Department of Physics and Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand ANUCHA WATCHARAPASORN Department of Physics and Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand SUKANDA JIANSIRISOMBOON sukanda@chiangmai.ac.th Department of Physics and Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:17:y:2010:i:03:p:299-3052011-01-21RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article We investigated the optimal method of application and the anticorrosive abilities of Zn, Al, and Zn + 15%Al spray coatings in protecting stainless steel 304 (STS304) in sea water. If a defect such as porosity or an oxide layer, causes STS304 to be exposed to sea water, and the thermal spray coating material will act as the cathode and anode, respectively. The Tafel experiments revealed that Al-coated specimens among applied coating methods had the lowest corrosion current densities. As the corrosion potential decreases with increasing corrosion current density, we estimated the characteristics and lifetime of the protective thermal spray coating layer in the galvanic cell formed by the thermal spray coating layer and STS304. Thermal spray coating, STS304, Tafel experiments, corrosion potential, corrosion current density 03 2010 17 Surface Review and Letters 299 305 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X10013783 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X10013783 text/html SEONG-JONG KIM ksj@mmu.ac.kr Division of Marine Engineering, Mokpo Maritime University, 530-729, Korea YONG-BIN WOO Division of Marine Engineering, Mokpo Maritime University, 530-729, Korea

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:17:y:2010:i:01:p:21-262011-01-21RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article The photocatalytic activity of metal-deposited TiO2 was investigated with different surface coverage of nanosized noble metals (Ag and Au). The sonochemical deposition of nanosized metals on the TiO2 matrix was prepared by adjusting the loading volumes of silver and gold precursors in an ultrasound-driven cell. Non-annealed Ag-TiO2 exhibited the maximal activity in the optimal loading ranges of silver precursor (e.g. 0.2–0.3 ml of 1.0 wt.% AgNO3), displaying the enhanced efficiency of electron–hole separation. The addition of nanosized Au on Ag-TiO2 proved to be undesirable to improve the photocatalytic activity of Au/Ag-TiO2, except for the excessive loading of metal precursors (0.3 ml of 1.0 wt.% AgNO3 + 0.2 ml of 1.0 wt.% HAuCl4). XRD and XPS analysis confirmed the co-existence of Ag and Au species, and the reduction of PL (photoluminescence) intensity indicated the efficient separation of electron–hole pairs for optimal doping of nanosized metals on the TiO2 matrix. Ag/Au, sonochemical deposition, TiO2, photocatalytic 01 2010 17 Surface Review and Letters 21 26 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X10013588 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X10013588 text/html DANIEL YANG Department of Chemical and Bioengineering, Kyungwon University, San 64 Bokjeomg-dong, Soojung-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea SANG-WHA LEE lswha@kyungwon.ac.kr Department of Chemical and Bioengineering, Kyungwon University, San 64 Bokjeomg-dong, Soojung-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:17:y:2010:i:03:p:345-3512011-01-21RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Anti-reflection layers made from sub-wavelength structures or nanostructure arrays have been extensively studied due to the high demand of the solar cell markets and the use of consuming electronics such as plane displays, glasses, prisms, videos, and the monitors of the camera. Conventionally, this anti-reflection layer was fabricated by multilayer films deposition through sputtering, wet-coating or sol-gel. However, these methods have several disadvantages such as process instability, high cost and high temperature procedure.In the current study, fabrication methods of UV curing and nano-imprinting processes are proposed to produce large-area polymer sheets with sub-wavelength structures (SWS). Porous anodic alumina (PAA) mold of nano-holes was used to fabricate SWS on a PET sheet with UV photoresists of refractive index of 1.53 by roll-to-roll processing. The reflectance of SWS on PET decreases from 9.39 to 4.25% at the wavelength of 550 nm. The contact angle changes from 78.1° to 103.2°. The porous anodic alumina mold was also used to imprint a PMMA film and SWS were obtained by hot embossing at different temperatures. The reflectance changes from 4.25 to 2.16% at the wavelength of 550 nm after nano-imprinting. A successful low cost approach to produce large-area polymer sheets with SWS is obtained by both UV curing and nano-imprinting processes. Anti-reflection, sub-wavelength structure, large-area polymer, nano-imprinting 03 2010 17 Surface Review and Letters 345 351 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X10013977 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X10013977 text/html HUNG-YIN TSAI hytsai@pme.nthu.edu.tw Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan 300, R.O.C. CHIA-JEN TING Mechanical and Systems Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Taiwan 310, R.O.C.

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:17:y:2010:i:03:p:353-3582011-01-21RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article We investigated the interaction of varied plasma power with ultralow-κ Toluene–TEOS hybrid plasma-polymer thin films, as well as changes in electrical and mechanical properties with various mixture ratios of toluene and TEOS (tetraethoxysilane). Using the plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) method, organic–inorganic hybrid polymer thin films were deposited on silicon(100) substrates under 150°C of wall temperature and a ratio of TEOS to toluene. Toluene and TEOS were utilized as organic and inorganic precursors, and hydrogen and argon were used as bubbler and carrier gases, respectively. In order to compare the differences in the electrical and the mechanical properties of plasma polymerized thin films, we grew the hybrid polymer thin films under 30 W of RF (radio frequency using 13.56 MHz) power with various ratios of toluene to TEOS. The as-grown polymerized thin films were first analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The results of FT-IR showed that the hybrid polymer thin films were totally fragmented and polymerized with increasing RF power. AFM showed that polymer films with smooth surface could be grown under various deposition conditions. An impedance analyzer was utilized for the measurements of capacitance values for dielectric constants and the thin films were analyzed for hardness and Young's modulus using a nanoindenter. Low-κ, PECVD, mechanical and electronic properties 03 2010 17 Surface Review and Letters 353 358 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X10013989 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X10013989 text/html SANG-JIN CHO Department of Chemistry and Basic Science Institute, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea SUNGWOO LEE Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea DONGGEUN JUNG Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea JIN-HYO BOO jhboo@skku.edu Department of Chemistry and Basic Science Institute, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:17:y:2010:i:01:p:93-972011-01-21RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article The effect of thermal heat treatment on the mechanical and electrical properties of Cu–Ag alloys was investigated. The homogenization heat treatment leads to an increase in tensile strength and a decrease in electrical conductivity due to dissolution of Ag into copper matrix. Also, it is shown that electrical conductivity of as-cast Cu–Ag alloys decreases with increasing Ag content. In contrast, the aging heat treatment gives rise to increase both the tensile strength and electrical conductivity because the Ag solute diffuses out from copper matrix during aging heat treatment. Therefore, it can be mentioned that the electrical conductivity of Cu–Ag alloys depends on Ag solute in copper matrix. Also, aging treatment is favorable to acquire high strength and high electrical conductivity. High strength and high conductivity, micro-multicable, ultrasonic diagnostic, solid solution, aging 01 2010 17 Surface Review and Letters 93 97 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X10013953 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X10013953 text/html HOON CHO hoony67@kitech.re.kr Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, 7-47 Sondo-Dong, Yeonsu-Gu, Incheon 406-840, Korea BYOUNG-SOO LEE Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan HYUNG-HO JO Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, 7-47 Sondo-Dong, Yeonsu-Gu, Incheon 406-840, Korea

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:14:y:2007:i:04:p:583-5862009-04-22RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article By a wet chemical method we have prepared nano-LiNbO3 with different crystallite sizes. Their 7Li NMR spectra each show, on top of a broad band accompanied by two satellites, a sharp central peak whose strength decreases with growing grain size. On the other hand, for a given sample and as temperature rises, the separation between the two satellites gets wider, but the sharp peak gets narrower. From the satellite splitting we may estimate the molar ratio [Li]/[Nb] inside the nanocrystals, and this ratio is seen to be nearer to unity in a sample of smaller grain size. The sharp peak, indiscernible in bulk (mono- or microcrystalline) LiNbO3, is attributed to Li ions in the disproportionally large surface regions of our samples. The narrowness of its linewidth arises from the fast diffusion of these ions caused by high oxygen deficiency on the surface. Nanocrystalline LiNbO3, quadrupole splitting, motional narrowing, diffusion 04 2007 14 Surface Review and Letters 583 586 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X07009888 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X07009888 text/html YAO YU National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China MIN GU mgu@nju.edu.cn National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China LILI ZHANG National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China TONG B. TANG Department of Physics, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China ZHAOSHENG LI Ecomaterials and Renewable Energy Research Center, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China TAO YU Ecomaterials and Renewable Energy Research Center, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:12:y:2005:i:03:p:369-3782009-04-22RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Thermal barrier coatings (TBC) are finding increasing applications in aeronautical, chemical, metallurgy industries, etc. As a ceramic material, ZrO2 is one of the most widely used for TBCs owing to its excellent shock resistance, low thermal conductivity and relatively high coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE). In this paper the thermomechanical properties of ZrO2 and the evolution of ZrO2-TBCs are reviewed. The failure mechanism of TBCs and corresponding methods for lengthening the lifetime of TBCs are discussed. The advantages and disadvantages of graded thermal barrier coatings (GTBC) as well as the problems to be solved in fabricating advanced TBCs are elucidated. Thermal barrier coatings, thermomechanical properties, zirconia 03 2005 12 Surface Review and Letters 369 378 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X05007207 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X05007207 text/html Y. S. TIAN School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan Shandong 250061, P. R. China C. Z. CHEN felix@sdu.edu.cn School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan Shandong 250061, P. R. China D. Y. WANG School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan Shandong 250061, P. R. China QIANMAO JI Shandong Information Technology College, Weifang Shandong 261041, P. R. China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:15:y:2008:i:01:p:87-902009-04-22RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article In this study, resonance enhancement of giant magneto-impedance (GMI) effect in Fe-based Fe73.5Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9 glass-coated microwires was investigated. A new method was adopted by sputtering a copper layer in the outside of the Fe-based glass-coated wire. A capacitance forms between the ferromagnetic core and outer copper layer, where the glass insulator works as a dielectric layer. Therefore, the composite wire forms an LC resonance circuit (which consists of an inductor, represented by the letter L, and a capacitor, presented by the letter C) itself, resulting in an increase of GMI ratio from 250% to 330%. Meanwhile, the influence of resonance frequency on the GMI effect was discussed. Giant magneto-impedance effect, LC resonance, resonance frequency 01 2008 15 Surface Review and Letters 87 90 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X08011020 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X08011020 text/html Z. M. WU Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Semiconductors and Applications, Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China Z. J. ZHAO Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China L. P. LIU Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China H. LIN Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China J. K. CHENG Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China J. X. YANG Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China X. L. YANG xlyang@phy.ecnu.edu.cn Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:12:y:2005:i:04:p:573-5782009-04-22RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article The wear behavior of brush-plating a Ni-W-Co/SiC composite layer on 1045 steel with oil lubrication is investigated. The composite layer is determined by OM, XRD and TEM. The worn surface of the plated layer is observed with SEM and laser profile analysis. The composition and average size of worn debris are analyzed by means of ferrograph and fluid spectrum. The results show that the brush-plated composite layer with added SiC particles reveals high wear resistance compared to the Ni-W-Co brush-plated layer. Ni-W-Co/SiC composite layer, brush-plating, wear resistance 04 2005 12 Surface Review and Letters 573 578 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X0500744X application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X0500744X text/html JIANG XU xujiang73@nuaa.edu.cn Department of Material Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 29 Yudao Street, Nanjing 210016, P. R. China; Laser Processing Research Center, Mechanical Engineering Department, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, P. R. China WENJIN LIU Laser Processing Research Center, Mechanical Engineering Department, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, P. R. China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:15:y:2008:i:03:p:233-2352009-04-22RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article This paper describes the oxygen adsorption properties on magnesium oxide surface. The results are compared with theoretical adsorption kinetics. Temperature and time dependences of adsorption mechanisms and chemiluminescence are discussed. Adsorption kinetics, magnesium oxide, chemisorption, 68.43.-h 03 2008 15 Surface Review and Letters 233 235 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X08011299 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X08011299 text/html L. I. IVANKIV Department of Electronics, Lviv Ivan Franko National University, Dragomanov Str., 50, 79005 Lviv, Ukraine O. V. DZYUPYN Department of Electronics, Lviv Ivan Franko National University, Dragomanov Str., 50, 79005 Lviv, Ukraine O. A. BALITSKII balitskii@electronics.wups.lviv.ua Department of Electronics, Lviv Ivan Franko National University, Dragomanov Str., 50, 79005 Lviv, Ukraine

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:14:y:2007:i:04:p:849-8522009-04-22RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article The plasma treatment on SiO2 substrate surfaces increased the oxygen-containing functional groups or the polar component of the surface free energy and, the wetting characteristics of the underfills/SiO2. The plasma treatment condition which gave the smallest contact angle between the underfills and SiO2 was an operating time of 60 sec under O2 gas atmosphere and a power of 200 W. Plasma treatment, silicon oxide, surface modification, underfill 04 2007 14 Surface Review and Letters 849 852 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X07010160 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X07010160 text/html BO-IN NOH School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 300 Cheoncheon-dong, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 440-746, Republic of Korea SEUNG-BOO JUNG sbjung@skku.ac.kr School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 300 Cheoncheon-dong, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 440-746, Republic of Korea

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:12:y:2005:i:04:p:523-5372009-04-22RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Several elliptic integrals related to the interaction energy between two dissimilar parallel plates (the potentials on the two plates are of the same sign) are expanded in several fast convergent series for lower and higher surface potentials, respectively. The number of series terms required to obtain the interaction energy with six significant figures is not more than four for the dimensionless surface potential from 0 to 20 if the series fit for the lower potential is combined with the series fit for the higher potential. The approximate expressions with different precisions can be obtained by retaining different series terms. The results of Devereux and de Bruyn are discovered to be incorrect when the surface potential is very low or very high. Double layer, interaction energy, approximate expressions, colloid particles 04 2005 12 Surface Review and Letters 523 537 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X05007372 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X05007372 text/html SHIMIN ZHANG College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:14:y:2007:i:04:p:623-6352009-04-22RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article The dynamics of surface atoms and simple molecules is closely related to the growth of surface nanostructures. The questions we ask are how atoms diffuse and interact on the surface and what kind of surface nanostructures are formed from such interactions. We also study how the physical property of surface nanostructures is related to their size and thickness. In the last few years we found that metallic nanostructures grown on the Si(111) surface exhibit strong quantum confinement and finite size effects. These effects in turn affect their growth. Some of these studies are (1) how the quantum properties of nanoislands can serve as a template for their own growth, (2) a finite size effect in a structure phase transition of nanoislands of Pb, and (3) growth of metallic nanometer size 2D magic clusters due to both electronic shell structure and atomic bond and geometrical shell structure effects. These studies demonstrate clearly that surface dynamics, electronic and atomic bond effects as well as statistical finite size effect become more and more important as the size of surface islands and clusters reduces to the nanometer range. Surface nanostructures, surface atom and molecular dynamics, quantum size effects, finite size effect 04 2007 14 Surface Review and Letters 623 635 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X07009906 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X07009906 text/html TIEN T. TSONG Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:14:y:2007:i:05:p:1007-10132009-04-22RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article In the present study, the effect of various N2 gas flow rates on friction coefficient and surface roughness of TiN-coated D2 tool steel was examined by a commercially available cathodic arc physical vapor deposition (CAPVD) technique. A Pin-on-Disc test was carried out to study the Coefficient of friction (COF) versus sliding distance. A surface roughness tester measured the surface roughness parameters. The minimum values for the COF and surface roughness were recorded at a N2 gas flow rate of 200 sccm. The increase in the COF and surface roughness at a N2 gas flow rate of 100 sccm was mainly attributed to an increase in both size and number of titanium particles, whereas the increase at 300 sccm was attributed to a larger number of growth defects generated during the coating process. These ideas make it possible to optimize the coating properties as a function of N2 gas flow rate for specific applications, e.g. cutting tools for automobiles, aircraft, and various mechanical parts. Coatings, TiN, cathodic arc, friction coefficient, surface roughness 05 2007 14 Surface Review and Letters 1007 1013 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X07010408 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X07010408 text/html ESAH HAMZAH esah@fkm.utm.my Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia ALI OURDJINI ourdjini@fkm.utm.my Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia MUBARAK ALI mubarak74@mail.com Pakistan Council of Renewable Energy Technologies (PCRET), Plot No. 25, Sector H-9, Islamabad, Pakistan PARVEZ AKHTER akhterp_dr@yahoo.com Pakistan Council of Renewable Energy Technologies (PCRET), Plot No. 25, Sector H-9, Islamabad, Pakistan MOHD RADZI HJ. MOHD TOFF mradzit@sirim.my Advanced Materials Research Center (AMREC), SIRIM Berhad, Lot 34, Jalan Hi-Tech 2/3, Kulim Hi-Tech Park, 09000 Kulim, Kedah, Malaysia MANSOR ABDUL HAMID mansor@sirim.my Advanced Materials Research Center (AMREC), SIRIM Berhad, Lot 34, Jalan Hi-Tech 2/3, Kulim Hi-Tech Park, 09000 Kulim, Kedah, Malaysia

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:14:y:2007:i:02:p:269-2752009-04-22RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article The well-defined poly(hydroxyethyl acrylate) (PHEA) brushes were grafted from the surfaces of the activated carbon (AC) powder with the controlled/"living" radical polymerization technique. First, surface functional groups of the AC powder were homogenized to hydroxyl groups by oxidizing with nitric acid and then reducing with lithium tetrahydroaluminate (LiAlH4) at first. Second, the surface hydroxyl groups were treated with bromoacetylbromide, and the bromoacetyl groups were introduced. And in the third step, the bromoacetyl activated carbon (BrA-AC) powder were used as macro-initiators for the surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) of hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) in the presence of 1,10-phenanthroline and Cu(I)Br as catalyst in a water system. The graft parameters calculated from the elemental analyses (EA) results, conversion of monemer (C%) and percentage of grafting (PG%) were 5.74% and 28.7%, respectively, after polymerizing for 5 h. The graft polymerizations exhibited the characteristics of a controlled/"living" polymerization, and no homopolymer was found in the proposed polymerizing process. The preparation procedure of the poly(hydroxyethyl acrylate) grafted activated carbon (PHEA-AC) powder was also investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The PHEA-AC powder is expected to be used as selective adsorbents because of their abundant homogenized surface hydroxyl groups. Surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization, hydroxyethyl acrylate, activated carbon, homogenization of surface group 02 2007 14 Surface Review and Letters 269 275 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X07009359 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X07009359 text/html PENG LIU pliu@lzu.edu.cn. Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Gansu 730 000, P. R. China TINGMEI WANG State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730 000, P. R. China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:12:y:2005:i:05:p:691-6962009-04-22RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article The effects of ambient helium gas pressure on the optical, structural and electrical properties of the diamond-like carbon thin films from camphoric carbon soot target, deposited by pulsed laser deposition have been studied. Optical gap and electrical resistivity are found to increase initially at low ambient pressure of 0.008 Torr. With further increase in ambient pressure up to 2.6 Torr, optical gap and electrical resistivity are found to decrease. The films are characterized for their structural properties using different spectroscopic techniques such as, XPS, Raman, and FTIR spectroscopy, and surface morphological techniques like SEM and AFM, and their electrical properties using four-probe resistance measurement. Inert gas, helium, bonding, structural, surface morphology, resistivity 05 2005 12 Surface Review and Letters 691 696 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X05007712 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X05007712 text/html M. RUSOP hambalah@gmail.com Department of Environmental Technology and Urban Planning, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan T. SOGA Department of Environmental Technology and Urban Planning, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan T. JIMBO Department of Environmental Technology and Urban Planning, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan; Research Center for Nano-Device and System, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan M. UMENO Department of Environmental Technology and Urban Planning, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan; Department of Electronic Engineering, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan M. SHARON Department of Environmental Technology and Urban Planning, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan; Nano Technology Research Laboratory, Birla College, Kalyan (W) 421-304 (M.S.), India

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:15:y:2008:i:06:p:757-7622009-04-22RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Recently, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were reported to increase the specificity and efficiency of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In this paper, we tested the enhancement of AuNPs with five different sizes on the specificity of two-round PCR. The results showed that, except 5.02 nm AuNPs, the AuNPs that could achieve the similar enhancement happened to have nearly the same total surface area. The surface effect seems to be the key factor of nanogold-assisted PCR. PCR, gold nanoparticles, size effect 06 2008 15 Surface Review and Letters 757 762 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X08012189 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X08012189 text/html JIEHUAN HUANG College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China XIAODONG ZHANG zxdzjh@133sh.com Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 800-204, Shanghai 201800, P. R. China CHUNMEI WANG College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China LIHUA WANG Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 800-204, Shanghai 201800, P. R. China HAIKUO LI College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China XUEYAN CAO College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China AILI ZHANG College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China XUELING LI College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China CHUNHAI FAN College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China; Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 800-204, Shanghai 201800, P. R. China JUN HU College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China; Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 800-204, Shanghai 201800, P. R. China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:14:y:2007:i:06:p:1143-11482009-04-22RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Nanocomposite nc-TiC/a-C:H films, with an unusual combination of superhardness and high elastic recovery, are prepared by using dual plasma technique. The effect of the filter coil current on the compositional and structural properties of the nc-TiC/a-C:H films has been investigated. It is found that the deposition rate and the composition of nc-TiC/a-C:H films could be changed by varying the filter coil current. Fortunately, by selecting the proper value of the filter coil current, 2.5 A, one can remarkably enhance the mechanical properties of the film, such as the superhardness (66.4 GPa), the high elastic modulus (510 GPa), and the high elastic recovery (83.3%). Nanocomposite nc-TiC/a-C:H, plasma, mechanical property, filter coil current 06 2007 14 Surface Review and Letters 1143 1148 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X0701072X application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X0701072X text/html YAOHUI WANG Key Laboratory of Beam Technology and Material, Modification of Ministry of Education, Institution of Low Energy Nuclear Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing Radiation Center, 100875 Beijing, China XU ZHANG zhangxu@bnu.edu.cn Key Laboratory of Beam Technology and Material, Modification of Ministry of Education, Institution of Low Energy Nuclear Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing Radiation Center, 100875 Beijing, China XIANYING WU Key Laboratory of Beam Technology and Material, Modification of Ministry of Education, Institution of Low Energy Nuclear Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing Radiation Center, 100875 Beijing, China HUIXING ZHANG Key Laboratory of Beam Technology and Material, Modification of Ministry of Education, Institution of Low Energy Nuclear Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing Radiation Center, 100875 Beijing, China XIAOJI ZHANG Key Laboratory of Beam Technology and Material, Modification of Ministry of Education, Institution of Low Energy Nuclear Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing Radiation Center, 100875 Beijing, China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:14:y:2007:i:03:p:357-3602009-04-22RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Bi2Te3 has attracted attention due to its potential applications in the microfabrication of integrated thermoelectric devices. It is also interesting to study the metallization process of this compound. Metallic nanostructures were deposited by means of an electron gun evaporator in ultra high vacuum (UHV) conditions (10-8 Pa) on the freshly cleaved 0001 surface of the crystal Bi2Te3. Measurements were conducted using the commercially available Omicron UHV scanning tunneling microscope (STM). Scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) measurements were performed using current imaging tunneling spectroscopy (CITS), and subsequent calculation of the dI/dV maps. Metallic characteristics were observed on nickel islands since early stages of the growth. CITS and dI/dV maps showed distinct contrast between the substrate and metallic islands. Similar contrast was not observed in the case of titanium, most probably due to an intercalation process. Occurring of such a process was confirmed by the appearance of the superlattice structure. Scanning tunneling microscopy, scanning tunneling spectroscopies, surface structure, morphology, roughness, and topography, nickel, titanium, bismuth telluride, single crystal surfaces, superlattices, clusters, semiconducting surfaces 03 2007 14 Surface Review and Letters 357 360 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X07009657 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X07009657 text/html SZYMON WINIARZ winiarz@phys.put.poznan.pl Institute of Physics, Poznan University of Technology, Nieszawska 13A, 60-965 Poznan, Poland PIOTR BISKUPSKI Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 85, 61-614 Poznan, Poland STANISLAW SZUBA Institute of Physics, Poznan University of Technology, Nieszawska 13A, 60-965 Poznan, Poland SLAWOMIR MIELCAREK Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 85, 61-614 Poznan, Poland RYSZARD CZAJKA Institute of Physics, Poznan University of Technology, Nieszawska 13A, 60-965 Poznan, Poland

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:14:y:2007:i:02:p:199-2082009-04-22RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article With the fast development of new materials investigation, attention is paid to. The performance of superfine powders, which must be modified on the surface to acquire some points. Coating technology of particles is one especial method of surface modification. In this paper, coating methods of particles are classified into solid state, liquid state, and gaseous state, main methods and mechanisms during current time are reviewed, respectively, and some research examples are listed. The choice of diversified coating technologies is decided synthetically based on powder materials, performance of the modified substance, and application of coated powders. In the future, the researches of the core-shell modification mechanism, coated particles with an ordered arrangement coating layer, a new surface active agent, the facilities of suiting surface modification, and the evaluation methodology of the surface coating effect are very exigent and necessary for the preparation and application of superfine powders. Superfine particle, coating method, surface modification, coating mechanism, composite particles, core-shell structure 02 2007 14 Surface Review and Letters 199 208 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X07009268 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X07009268 text/html JIEGUANG SONG songjieguang@yahoo.com.cn State Key Lab of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China LIANMENG ZHANG State Key Lab of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China JUNGUO LI State Key Lab of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China JIANRONG SONG State Key Lab of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:12:y:2005:i:01:p:1-62009-04-22RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS) is one of the nuclear techniques used in material science. The present measurements are used to study the behavior of defect concentration in one of the most important materials aluminum alloys which is the 7075 alloy. It has been shown that positrons can become trapped at imperfect locations in solids and their mean lifetime can be influenced by changes in the concentration of such defects. No changes have been observed in the mean lifetime values after the saturation of defect concentration. The mean lifetime and trapping rates are studied for samples deformed up to 58.3%. The concentration of defect range vary from 1015 to 1018cm-3 at the thickness reduction from 2.3 to 58.3%. The dislocation density varies from 108 to 1011cm/cm3. Defect concentration, dislocation density, trapping rate, trapping cross-section, aircraft alloy, positron annihilation lifetime technique 01 2005 12 Surface Review and Letters 1 6 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X05006718 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X05006718 text/html EMAD. A. BADAWI emadbadawi@yahoo.com Faculty of Science, Physics Department, El-Minia University, Egypt

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:12:y:2005:i:04:p:489-4922009-04-22RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article The NSOM based on surface plasma resonance (SPR) technique is established. A new Kretschmann type of SPR is designed. The plasma with a gradient of thickness is fabricated using prism covered by gold film. The curve of SPR depending on the angle of incident beam is measured. The image of gold film on plasma is obtained at the SPR situation using this NSOM based on SPR technique. The experimental result indicates that the signal intensity, S/N ratio, and the resolution for NSOM are greatly improved based on this type of technique. Surface plasmon wave, surface plasmon resonance, near-field scanning optical microscope 04 2005 12 Surface Review and Letters 489 492 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X05007311 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X05007311 text/html TIANHAO ZHANG Photonics Research Center, The MOE Key Lab of Advanced Technique and Fabrication for Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics Materials and Tianjin Key Lab of Photonics, Materials and Technology for Information Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China ZHEYU FANG Photonics Research Center, The MOE Key Lab of Advanced Technique and Fabrication for Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics Materials and Tianjin Key Lab of Photonics, Materials and Technology for Information Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China JIANYA ZHENG Photonics Research Center, The MOE Key Lab of Advanced Technique and Fabrication for Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics Materials and Tianjin Key Lab of Photonics, Materials and Technology for Information Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China LIMO GAO Photonics Research Center, The MOE Key Lab of Advanced Technique and Fabrication for Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics Materials and Tianjin Key Lab of Photonics, Materials and Technology for Information Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China MEIRONG YIN Photonics Research Center, The MOE Key Lab of Advanced Technique and Fabrication for Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics Materials and Tianjin Key Lab of Photonics, Materials and Technology for Information Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China XUE WU Photonics Research Center, The MOE Key Lab of Advanced Technique and Fabrication for Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics Materials and Tianjin Key Lab of Photonics, Materials and Technology for Information Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China FENG JIA Photonics Research Center, The MOE Key Lab of Advanced Technique and Fabrication for Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics Materials and Tianjin Key Lab of Photonics, Materials and Technology for Information Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:13:y:2006:i:02:p:209-2142009-04-22RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Three-dimensional atomic arrangements of ultra thin Fe silicide films were directly revealed. By using circularly polarized light with opposite helicities, forward focusing peaks with their positions shifted in photoelectron angular distribution (PEAD) patterns can be obtained. We successfully observed the PEAD patterns of ultra thin Fe silicide films from different core levels of Fe and Si atoms by display-type spherical mirror analyzer (DIANA). The element selective stereo photographs indicate similar hexagonal atomic arrangement with three-fold symmetry for Si and Fe atoms, which is consistent with a model based on a CsCl-type structure with B-type stacking. This is the first observation of stereoscopic atomic arrangements for ultra thin compound films, which implies that the stereo atomscope is very powerful structure analysis tool also for complex structures on surface. X-ray photoelectron diffraction, stereophotograph, thin film structure, iron silicide, solid phase epitaxy 02 2006 13 Surface Review and Letters 209 214 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X06008141 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X06008141 text/html K. KATAOKA ka-keita@ms.naist.jp Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan F. MATSUI Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan; CREST-JST, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan Y. KATO Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan F. Z. GUO Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, SPring-8, Mikazuki, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan T. MATSUSHITA Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, SPring-8, Mikazuki, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan K. HATTORI Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan; CREST-JST, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan H. DAIMON Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan; CREST-JST, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:14:y:2007:i:06:p:1157-11642009-04-22RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article The extract of Datura stramonium has been studied as a possible source of green inhibitor for corrosion of mild steel (MS) in HCl and H2SO4 media at different temperatures. The anticorrosion effect was evaluated by conventional weight loss studies, electrochemical studies viz., Tafel polarization, ac impedance, and SEM studies. The studies reveal that the plant extract acts as a good inhibitor in both the acid media and better in H2SO4 medium. Tafel polarization method indicate that the plant extract behaves as a mixed mode inhibitor. Double layer capacitance and charge transfer resistance values derived from Nyquist plots obtained from ac impedance studies give supporting evidence for the anticorrosive effect. The inhibitive effect may be attributed to the adsorption of the inhibitor on the surface of MS, following Temkin adsorption isotherm. Increase of inhibition efficiency with increase of temperature along with Ea values serve as a proof for chemisorption. SEM studies provide the confirmatory evidence for the protection of MS by the green inhibitor. The study reveals the potential of D. stramonium for combating corrosion which may be due to the adsorption of alkaloids and other phytoconstituents. Datura stramonium, corrosion inhibitor, electrochemical studies, chemisorption 06 2007 14 Surface Review and Letters 1157 1164 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X07010743 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X07010743 text/html PANDIAN BOTHI RAJA Department of Chemistry, Gandhigram Rural University, Gandhigram 624 302, Tamil Nadu, India MATHUR GOPALAKRISHNAN SETHURAMAN mgsethu@rediffmail.com Department of Chemistry, Gandhigram Rural University, Gandhigram 624 302, Tamil Nadu, India

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:13:y:2006:i:05:p:607-6112009-04-22RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Surface morphology of the {001} faces of MMTWD crystals grown from by the temperature-lowering method has been studied. Monolayer and multilayer steps elongate along the a direction, which is determined by the crystal structure. Apart from that, the elementary steps have narrower terraces than the bunched ones, which may be resulting from the faster growth rates of the former than the latter. The formation of the protuberances at the step fronts is primarily associated with the uneven growth rates. The hollow cavities also elongate along the a direction, which demonstrates that the formation of them is also restricted by the crystal structure. Cracks are supposed to occur during harvesting, handling, or temperature stress afterwards. Growth of the 3D hillocks in high density can probably cause large stress and induce structure mismatch and serious cracks at the later stage. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), surface morphology, nonlinear optical materials 05 2006 13 Surface Review and Letters 607 611 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X06008566 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X06008566 text/html X. J. LIU lxj@mail.sdu.edu.cn State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials and Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, P. R. China X. Q. WANG State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials and Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, P. R. China Z. Y. WANG State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials and Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, P. R. China D. XU xdoffice@sdu.edu.cn State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials and Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, P. R. China G. W. YU State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials and Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, P. R. China Y. Y. SONG State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials and Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, P. R. China Y. L. GENG State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials and Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, P. R. China H. B. ZHANG State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials and Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, P. R. China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:15:y:2008:i:05:p:619-6232009-04-22RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article The magnetic properties and giant magnetostriction effect (GMS) of the amorphous alternant [Tb/Fe/Dy]n (named S1) and [Fe/Tb/Fe/Dy]m (named S2) nano-multilayer films have been studied. The magnetic hysteresis loops show that easy magnetic direction changes from perpendicular to the film plane (S1) to parallel to the film plane (S2). S2 has better soft magnetic properties and low-field giant magnetostriction effect than that of S1, due to the exchanging interaction between the hard GMS layer and the soft layer Fe. The different magnetic behavior is explained by considering the nature of the magnetization process, i.e. domain-wall motion and spin rotation. Giant magnetostriction, nano-multilayer film, exchange interaction, magnetic anisotropy, Terfenol-D 05 2008 15 Surface Review and Letters 619 623 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X08011883 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X08011883 text/html X. D. LI Department of Physics, Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China L. K. PAN Department of Physics, Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China Z. J. ZHAO Department of Physics, Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China S. M. HUANG Department of Physics, Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China Y. W. CHEN Department of Physics, Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China Z. SUN zsun@phy.ecnu.edu.cn Department of Physics, Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:14:y:2007:i:05:p:885-8902009-04-22RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article The effect of laser processing parameters on the microstructure and quality of the coatings fabricated on titanium alloy has been investigated. Results show that the increase of the output power and the decrease of the scanning speed result in the thickness increase and the microstructure coarseness of the coatings. Overlapped fraction of the laser tracks significantly affects the coating's quality. With a lower overlapped fraction, pores and cracks easily occur in the overlapped area due to the inferior metallurgical quality. Laser processing parameters, microstructure and morphology, titanium alloy 05 2007 14 Surface Review and Letters 885 890 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X07010342 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X07010342 text/html Y. S. TIAN felix@sdu.edu.cn Key Laboratory of Liquid Structure and Heredity of Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, P. R. China D. Y. WANG Key Laboratory of Liquid Structure and Heredity of Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, P. R. China C. Z. CHEN Key Laboratory of Liquid Structure and Heredity of Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, P. R. China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:13:y:2006:i:01:p:123-1262009-04-22RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Polycrystalline silicon carbide (P-SiC) films containing SiC nanoparticles and Er were prepared by r.f. reactive magnetron co-sputtering technique with SiC and Er targets on low-temperature silicon (111) and silicon dioxide substrates with the mixed gas of pure argon, methane, and hydrogen. Surface morphology and photoluminescence (PL) properties of them were measured by field-emission scanning electron microscope and Raman spectroscopy. The peak position, intensity, and the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of PL spectra were relevant with Er doping levels and deposition conditions. Nanoparticle, co-sputtering, photoluminescence, Er-doped 01 2006 13 Surface Review and Letters 123 126 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X06007834 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X06007834 text/html SHIYONG HUANG Nanotech. Center, Physics Department, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China; Plasma Source and Application Center, NIE, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, Singapore 637616, Singapore S. XU Plasma Source and Application Center, NIE, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, Singapore 637616, Singapore JIDONG LONG Plasma Source and Application Center, NIE, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, Singapore 637616, Singapore Z. SUN Nanotech. Center, Physics Department, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China X. Z. WANG Nanotech. Center, Physics Department, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China Y. W. CHEN Nanotech. Center, Physics Department, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China T. CHEN Nanotech. Center, Physics Department, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China C. NI Nanotech. Center, Physics Department, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China Z. J. ZHANG Nanotech. Center, Physics Department, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China L. L. WANG Nanotech. Center, Physics Department, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China X. D. LI Nanotech. Center, Physics Department, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China P. S. GUO Nanotech. Center, Physics Department, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China W. X. QUE Nanotech. Center, Physics Department, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:14:y:2007:i:04:p:845-8482009-04-22RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article (La2/3-x Yx) (Ca1/3-y Sry) MnO3 (LYCSMO) thin films with x = 0.08 and y = 0.0868 deposited on SrTiO3 (STO), Yttrium-stabilized ZrO2 (YSZ), LaAlO3 (LAO), and MgO substrates are fabricated. Atomic force microscopy measurements reveal that the morphology is quite different for all films. A two-dimensional growth mode is suitable for LYCSMO film on STO, while on LAO, YSZ, and MgO, an island growth mode may be a good description for the growth of LYCSMO films. X-ray diffraction studies show that the films epitaxially grow along c axis on STO, LAO, and MgO substrates, while grows along a axis on YSZ substrate. The in-plane and out-of-plane lattice parameters are also obtained for films grown on all substrates. Colossal magnetoresistance, surface morphology, strain 04 2007 14 Surface Review and Letters 845 848 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X07010159 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X07010159 text/html H. L. CAI National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China Y. M. ZHANG National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China X. S. WU xswu@nju.edu.cn National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China X. M. LU National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China J. GAO jugao@hku.hk Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:14:y:2007:i:03:p:395-4012009-04-22RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Coagulation of colloidal alumina in aqueous solutions in the absence or presence of alkyl sulfates has been studied by means of measurements of electrokinetics, adsorption, and coagulate size in this work. The experimental results showed that the coagulation of colloidal alumina in aqueous alkyl sulfate solutions was much stronger than that in aqueous electrolytic solutions. It closely correlated with particle hydrophobicity rendered by the adsorption of alkyl sulfate anions on alumina/water interfaces, indicating hydrophobic coagulation. Also, it has been found that the hydrocarbon chain length of alkyl sulfate strongly influences the hydrophobic coagulation. The longer the chain, the stronger the coagulation and the lower the alkyl sulfate concentration needed for achieving the maximum coagulation degree. Colloidal alumina, hydrophobic coagulation, alkyl sulfates, adsorption 03 2007 14 Surface Review and Letters 395 401 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X0700961X application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X0700961X text/html SHAOXIAN SONG shaoxian@uaslp.mx Instituto de Metalurgia, Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosi, Av. Sierra Leona 550, San Luis Potosi, C. P. 78210, Mexico YIMIN ZHANG Faculty of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Av. Heping 947, Wuhan 410081, China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:15:y:2008:i:04:p:509-5132009-04-22RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article In this paper, a kind of novel anatase TiO2 nanoparticle with single-electron-trapped oxygen vacancies was prepared by hydrothermal treated nanotube titanic acid. The morphology, structure, and properties of the products were characterized by transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, electron spin resonance, and photoluminescence. Photocatalytic decolorization of the Methylene Blue solution was carried out in the visible light region and showed a high photocatalytic activity. Nanotube titanic acid, novel TiO2, single-electron-trapped oxygen vacancies, hydrothermal method 04 2008 15 Surface Review and Letters 509 513 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X08011664 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X08011664 text/html GUANJUN CUI Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, P. R. China ZHANXIA XU Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, P. R. China YAN WANG Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, P. R. China MIN ZHANG Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, P. R. China JIANJUN YANG yangjianjun@henu.edu.cn Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, P. R. China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:12:y:2005:i:03:p:359-3682009-04-22RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article The system must get across an energy peak of unstable equilibrium during the condensation of pure vapor; as the supersaturated extent of vapor increases and the temperature decreases, the energy peak shortens and vapor condensation becomes easier. The system must get across an energy peak of unstable equilibrium first, and then get into an energy valley of stable equilibrium during the condensation of impure vapor; as the partial pressure of vapor decreases, the energy peak becomes taller, the energy valley more shallow, vapor condensation becomes more difficult and liquid evaporation becomes easier; when the partial pressure of vapor decreases to a certain extent, the energy peak and the energy valley combine into one, and vapor condensation becomes impossible. Stability of equilibrium, supersaturated vapor, vapor condensation, Kelvin equation 03 2005 12 Surface Review and Letters 359 368 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X05007141 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X05007141 text/html SHIMIN ZHANG College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:14:y:2007:i:02:p:235-2392009-04-22RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article The mechanism of formation of silica nano-plates by exfoliation of a phyllosilicate magnesium containing clay, Lucentite, in an aqueous solution of poly(acrylic acid) has been studied. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Mg K-edge near edge X-ray adsorption fine structure (NEXAFS) analysis shows that non-surface (bulk) Mg ions were not chemically involved in the poly(acrylic acid)/clay intercalation, but were substantially involved in the exfoliation resulting in the silica nano-plates. During intercalation, O K-edge NEXAFS shows that surface defects were formed which represent additional structural branches on the surface. During exfoliation, these increased significantly. Si L3,2-edge NEXAFS measurements shows that this occurred by migration of SiO4 groups within the exfoliated silica plates. Phyllosilicate clay, Lucentite, silica nano-plate, intercalation, exfoliation, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, near edge X-ray adsorption fine structure 02 2007 14 Surface Review and Letters 235 239 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X07009311 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X07009311 text/html N. H. TRAN n.tran@uws.edu.au College of Health and Science, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith South DC 1797, Australia M. A. WILSON College of Health and Science, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith South DC 1797, Australia A. S. MILEV College of Health and Science, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith South DC 1797, Australia G. R. DENNIS College of Health and Science, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith South DC 1797, Australia G. S. K. KANNANGARA College of Health and Science, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith South DC 1797, Australia

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:13:y:2006:i:01:p:75-802009-04-22RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Under the dielectric continuum model and Loudon's uniaxial crystal model, the interface optical (IO) phonon modes in a quasi-one-dimensional (Q1D) wurtzite rectangular quantum wire are deduced and analyzed. Numerical calculation on a wurtzite GaN/AlN rectangular wurtzite quantum wire was performed. Results reveal that the dispersion frequencies of IO modes sensitively depend on the geometric structures of the Q1D wurtzite rectangular quantum wires. The degenerating behavior of the IO phonon modes in the Q1D wurtzite rectangular quantum wire has been clearly observed for small free wave number kz in z-direction. The limited frequency behaviors of IO modes have been analyzed deeply, and detailed comparisons with those in wurtzite planar quantum wells and cylindrical quantum wires are also done. Moreover, once the anisotropy of the wurtzite material has been ignored, the present theories can be naturally reduced to the situation of Q1D cubic rectangular quantum wire systems. Interface modes, wurtzite heterostructure, rectangular quantum wires, 78.67.Lt, 74.25.Kc, 63.20.Kr, 81.05.Ea 01 2006 13 Surface Review and Letters 75 80 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X0600786X application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X0600786X text/html L. ZHANG zhangli-gz@263.net Department of Mechanism and Electron, Panyu Polytechnic, Panyu, 511483, P. R. China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:12:y:2005:i:03:p:425-4312009-04-22RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article A simple method for determination of optical constants and thickness of semitransparent thin films deposited onto a transparent finite substrate has been developed. The method is based on the analysis of successive interference fringes of transmission spectra created by the films. It is essentially not necessary to obtain the envelope of transmission spectra in this method. The determined values of optical parameters are in good agreement with their true values used to generate transmission data. The accuracy of method in determining refractive index and thickness of the films is better than 1%. Optical constants, thin films, successive fringes, transmission 03 2005 12 Surface Review and Letters 425 431 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X05007256 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X05007256 text/html F. E. GHODSI feghodsi@guilan.ac.ir Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, The University of Guilan, Namjoo Ave. P.O. Box 41335-1914, Rasht, Iran

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:15:y:2008:i:06:p:711-7152009-04-22RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article The surface modification mechanism of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) by ozonation was investigated to study the selective hydrophilization of PVC surface among other plastics. Infrared analysis confirmed the increase of hydrophilic groups. XPS analysis revealed that the increase was due to the structural change in chlorine group in PVC to hydroxylic acid, ketone, and carboxylic groups by ozonation. This chemical reaction by ozone could occur only for polymers with chlorides in its structure and resulted in the selective hydrophilization of PVC among various polymers. Hydrophilic, PVC, contact angle, additive, ozonation 06 2008 15 Surface Review and Letters 711 715 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X08011986 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X08011986 text/html KEISUKE KUROSE keikuro@hiroshima-u.ac.jp Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan TETSUJI OKUDA Environmental Research and Management Center, Hiroshima University, 1-5-3 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8513, Japan SATOSHI NAKAI Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan TSUNG-YUEH TSAI Environmental Research and Management Center, Hiroshima University, 1-5-3 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8513, Japan WATARU NISHIJIMA Environmental Research and Management Center, Hiroshima University, 1-5-3 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8513, Japan MITSUMASA OKADA Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:12:y:2005:i:03:p:401-4082009-04-22RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Pulsed laser deposition (PLD) is a relatively new technique for producing thin films. It presents unique advantages for the deposition of bioactive ceramics. The mechanism and characteristics of the technique PLD are introduced. Its applications and current research status in hydroxyapatite and bioglass thin films are reviewed. The effect of processing parameters of PLD, including atmosphere, substrate temperature, laser wavelength and target properties, on the structures and the properties of the hydroxyapatite film, is analyzed in detail. Future application trends are also analyzed. Pulsed laser deposition, bioactive ceramic, hydroxyapatite, bioglass 03 2005 12 Surface Review and Letters 401 408 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X05007177 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X05007177 text/html YAFAN ZHAO School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, P. R. China; Shandong Architecture Engineering Institute, Jinan 250014, P. R. China CHUANZHONG CHEN czchen@sdu.edu.cn School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, P. R. China DIANGANG WANG School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, P. R. China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:15:y:2008:i:04:p:361-3672009-04-22RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Imidazoline surfactants belong to the category of cationic surfactants. Cationic surfactants are often quaternary nitrogen salts and are widely used both in nonaqueous systems and in applications such as textile softeners, dispersants, and emulsifiers. This study describes the surface-active properties of cationic imidazolinium surfactants synthesized from different fatty acids. Their laundry performance in combination with nonionic surfactants like detergency, foaming property, softening property, rewettability etc., is also emphasized. Surfactants, cationic surfactants, nonionic surfactants, surface-active properties, detergency, softening, foaming 04 2008 15 Surface Review and Letters 361 367 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X08011494 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X08011494 text/html DIVYA BAJPAI divs_272000@yahoo.com Department of Oil and Paint Technology, Harcourt Butler Technological Institute, Kanpur 208002, India V. K. TYAGI Department of Oil and Paint Technology, Harcourt Butler Technological Institute, Kanpur 208002, India

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:14:y:2007:i:04:p:645-6562009-04-22RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Selective oxidation of light alkanes remains to be a great challenge for the wider use of alkanes as feedstocks. To achieve high activity and at the same time high selectivity, some key issues have to be addressed: (1) the stability of the desired products with respect to the reactants; (2) the roles of the active components in the catalysts, the structure and the functionality of the active centers; (3) the reducibility of the metal cations, the Lewis acid sites and their synergic effects with the basic sites of the lattice oxygen anions; (4) spatial isolation of the active centers; and (5) the mechanisms for the formation and transformation of the intermediates and their kinetic controls. In this contribution, we took selective oxidation of propane to acrolein as our target reaction, and reviewed mainly our own work, trying to provide some thinking and answers to these five questions. 04 2007 14 Surface Review and Letters 645 656 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X0700992X application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X0700992X text/html GANG FU State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces & Department of Chemistry & Institute of Physical Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China XIAODONG YI State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces & Department of Chemistry & Institute of Physical Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China CHUANJING HUANG State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces & Department of Chemistry & Institute of Physical Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China XIN XU xinxu@xmu.edu.cn State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces & Department of Chemistry & Institute of Physical Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China WEIZHENG WENG State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces & Department of Chemistry & Institute of Physical Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China WENSHENG XIA State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces & Department of Chemistry & Institute of Physical Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China HUI-LIN WAN hlwan@xmu.edu.cn State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces & Department of Chemistry & Institute of Physical Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:13:y:2006:i:06:p:785-7882009-04-22RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article The polyacrylamide surface grafted poly(vinyl chloride) (PAM-PVC) film was successfully prepared via a facile copper-mediated surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) of acrylamide (AM) from the surfaces of the PVC thin film with their surface labile chlorines as initiation sites. Graft reaction was first-order kinetic with respect to the polymerizing time in the low monomer conversion stage, this being typical for ATRP. A percentage of grafting (PG) of 32.1% was achieved in 6 h, calculated from the elemental analysis results. The surface morphology of the product was characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The sorption property of the grafted film toward Hg(II) ion was also preliminarily investigated. Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), films, surface, functionalization of polymers, sorption 06 2006 13 Surface Review and Letters 785 788 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X06008852 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X06008852 text/html PENG LIU pliu@lzu.edu.cn. Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:12:y:2005:i:04:p:587-5952012-01-20RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Amorphous carbon nitride (a-CNx) films have been deposited by pulsed laser deposition at 0.8 Torr nitrogen gas ambient with varying substrate temperature from 20 to 500°C. The effects of the substrate temperature and ambient nitrogen gas pressure on the surface morphology, composition, nitrogen content, structure, and electrical properties of the a-CNx thin films have been investigated. The deposited a-CNx films were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), UV-Visible transmittance, and four-probe resistance measurement. It is found that the amorphous structure of a-CNx films can be changed by the substrate temperature (ST) and the a-CNx films with high nitrogen content have relatively high electrical resistivity. Also, graphitization is found to cause the reduction of nitrogen content and changes in the bonding structure of nitrogen atoms in the films. Amorphous carbon nitride, a-CNx, doping, camphor, pulsed laser deposition (PLD), substrate temperature 04 2005 12 Surface Review and Letters 587 595 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X05007475 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X05007475 text/html M. RUSOP hambalah@gmail.com Department of Environmental Technology and Urban Planning, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan T. SOGA Department of Environmental Technology and Urban Planning, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan T. JIMBO Department of Environmental Technology and Urban Planning, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan; Research Center for Nano-Device and System, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan M. UMENO Department of Environmental Technology and Urban Planning, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan; Department of Electronic Engineering, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan M. SHARON Department of Environmental Technology and Urban Planning, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan; Nano Technology Research Laboratory, Birla College, Kalyan (W) 421-304 (M.S.), India

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:13:y:2006:i:06:p:733-7362012-01-20RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Poly(phthalazinone ether nitrile ketone)s (PPENK) was modified with NaOH in N,N-dimethyl acetamide (DMAc) in order to find a hydrophilic resin applied in heat-resistant water-borne coatings. The properties of hydrolyzates (HPPENK) in different hydrolysis time were characterized by FT-IR and 1H-NMR, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), contact angle (water) as well as solubility measurements. The results indicated that, along with the prolonged hydrolysis time, nitrile groups conversion ratio and glass transition temperature (Tg) of hydrolyzates increase, whereas weight loss ratio of HPPENK decreases. As expected, the hydrophilicity of HPPENK was improved greatly, e.g., when CN conversion ratio was 93.82%, the water contact angles were found to decrease from 75.3° of PPENK to 54.4° of HPPENK. HPPENKc dispersion has no separation more than 20 days in terms of shelf-life. Poly(phthalazinone ether nitrile ketone)s, hydrophilic modification, heat resistance, water-borne coatings 06 2006 13 Surface Review and Letters 733 736 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X06008761 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X06008761 text/html Z. Y. LIU Department of Polymer Science & Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116012, China; School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China J. Y. WANG Department of Polymer Science & Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116012, China Q. L. YAN Department of Polymer Science & Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116012, China Y. KOU Department of Polymer Science & Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116012, China X. G. JIAN xgjian@chem.dlut.edu.cn Department of Polymer Science & Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116012, China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:16:y:2009:i:06:p:905-9082012-01-20RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Diffusion of H atom in the Ti(0001) outer-layer and inter-layer surface is studied using density functional theory based on generalized gradient approximation (GGA). The energy barriers for the hydrogen atom diffusion in different interstitial sites at the same layers or between adjacent layers are calculated. It is found that the energy barriers of H atom diffusion in the adjacent interstitial layers are bigger than that in the same interstitial layers. For the diffusion of H atom between adjacent interstitial layers, the diffusion between tetrahedral sites is easier than that between octahedral sites. While for diffusion of H atom between the same interstitial layers, the diffusion between tetrahedral sites is easier than that between tetrahedral and octahedral sites. Moreover, it is found that the most possible inside diffusion from hcp site of a hydrogen atom in the Ti(0001) outer-layer goes through tetrahedral sites. Density functional theory, diffusion, hydrogen, Ti(0001) 06 2009 16 Surface Review and Letters 905 908 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X09013463 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X09013463 text/html J. X. GUO jxguo@hbu.cn College of Physics, Science and Technology, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China L. GUAN College of Physics, Science and Technology, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China B. GENG College of Physics, Science and Technology, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China Q. LI College of Physics, Science and Technology, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China Q. X. ZHAO College of Physics, Science and Technology, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China Y. L. WANG College of Physics, Science and Technology, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China B. Y. ZHU National Laboratory for Superconductivity, Institute of Physics and Center for Condensed Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China B. T. LIU College of Physics, Science and Technology, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:14:y:2007:i:04:p:783-7872012-01-20RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article High quality homo-epitaxial ZnO films were grown on Zn-terminated surfaces of ZnO (0001) single-crystal substrates with high-temperature annealing and Ar+ ion etching. These films were prepared by low-pressure MO-CVD using zinc acetylacetonate (C5H7O2)2 and oxygen as source materials. High quality ZnO (0001) substrate was synthesized by the hydrothermal technique. The atomically flat surface without scratches was obtained by high temperature annealing at 800°C–1300°C in oxygen atmosphere. Ar+ ion etching for the surface of ZnO substrates was critically important to the growth of ZnO films with good crystallinity. The epitaxial film and the ZnO substrate were characterized using reflection high-energy electron diffraction, atomic force microscope, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. 04 2007 14 Surface Review and Letters 783 787 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X07010263 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X07010263 text/html KOICH HAGA haga@cc.sendai-ct.ac.jp Sendai National College of Technology, Aayasi Tyuoh, Aoba-ku, Sendai 989-3128, Japan TOETSU SHISHIDO Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan KAZUO NAKAJIMA Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan TAKAHIRO MATSUNAGA Tosoh Corporation, Yamaguchi 746-8501, Japan

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:14:y:2007:i:05:p:945-9502012-01-20RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Although ZrB2 has some excellent performances, it is easily oxidized in the high-temperature air, which is deadly shortcoming as high-temperature materials. To increase the high-temperature performances of ZrB2, Al2O3 and Y2O3 particles are coated on the ZrB2 surface to prepare ZrB2–Al2O3–Y2O3 composite particles. The oxidation resistance mechanism of ZrB2–Al2O3–Y2O3 composite particles is investigated by DTA-TG, TEM, and XRD. The surface of ZrB2 particle is coated with compact Al2O3 and Y2O3 particles, which establishes the foundation to attain good oxidation resistance. ZrB2 particle is mainly oxidized to increase the weight, from 600°C to 800°C. B2O3, obtained through the oxidization reaction, might coat on the surface of ZrB2 particle to retard the oxidization reaction, which further increases the oxidation resistance. The oxidation resistance of coated ZrB2 particle is far better than that of original ZrB2 particle. ZrB2, oxidation resistance, oxidation ratio, composite particles, multiphase ceramics 05 2007 14 Surface Review and Letters 945 950 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X07010470 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X07010470 text/html J. G. SONG songjieguang@yahoo.com.cn State Key Lab of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China J. G. LI State Key Lab of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China J. R. SONG State Key Lab of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China L. M. ZHANG State Key Lab of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:16:y:2009:i:05:p:675-6812012-01-20RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Carbon/carbon composites with hydroxyapatite coatings are one of the attractive materials in the dental and orthopedic fields. In this study, hydrothermal treatment, in KOH aqueous and ammonia solutions, was used to convert an induction-heating-deposited monetite coating to an adherent HA coating on H2O2 treated C/C composites. The structure, morphology and chemical composition of the as-received HA coatings were characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM and EDS. A scratch test was conducted to measure the adhesion of HA coatings to HT–C/C substrate. The results show that well-crystallized carbonate hydroxyapatite coatings could be achieved under the two reaction mediums. However, the as-obtained HA coatings after KOH hydrothermal treatment have higher crystallinity and Ca/P ratio than those after ammonia hydrothermal treatment, and reveal an average critical load of 29 N which is more than two times as high as that for HA coatings after ammonia hydrothermal treatment. Carbon/carbon composites, hydroxyapatite, coating, hydrothermal treatment, scratch test 05 2009 16 Surface Review and Letters 675 681 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X09013153 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X09013153 text/html DONG-MEI LI School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China XIN-BO XIONG xxbszdx@szu.edu.cn Shen Zhen Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shen Zhen University, Shen Zhen 518060, China XIE-RONG ZENG Shen Zhen Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shen Zhen University, Shen Zhen 518060, China CHUN-LI ZOU Shen Zhen Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shen Zhen University, Shen Zhen 518060, China JI-ZHAO ZOU Shen Zhen Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shen Zhen University, Shen Zhen 518060, China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:14:y:2007:i:04:p:697-7012012-01-20RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article PbS nanoparticle phosphors embedded in SiO2 were synthesized at room temperature by the sol–gel method. The as-prepared SiO2:0.134 mol% PbS nanoparticles were ground and annealed in atmosphere. Changes in the cathodoluminescence (CL) brightness and the surface chemical composition of the SiO2:0.134 mol% PbS nanoparticle powders were investigated using a Fiber Optics PC2000 spectrometer for CL and Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) for the surface chemical analysis. The chemical composition of the powders was analyzed by an energy-dispersive spectrometer (EDS). The CL intensity decreased when the powders were irradiated with a beam of electrons at 2 keV energy and a beam current density of 54 mA/cm2 in an ultra-high vacuum chamber at oxygen (O2) pressures ranging between 5 × 10-8 and 2 × 10-7 Torr for several hours. The O2 Auger peak-to-peak height (APPH) decreased as the CL intensity decreased. XPS analysis on the degraded spot showed the development of characteristic SiO, SiOx, and elemental Si peaks on the low-energy side of the SiO2 peak. The desorption of O2 from the surface, which resulted in a decrease in the CL intensity is attributed to the dissociation of SiO2 into elemental Si and O2 by the electron bombardment. The degradation was less severe at higher oxygen pressures. PbSO4 was also formed on the surface during the electron beam degradation process. Cathodoluminescent, Nanoparticle, Degradation, SiO2, PbS, sol–gel 04 2007 14 Surface Review and Letters 697 701 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X07009955 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X07009955 text/html M. S. DHLAMINI Department of Physics, University of Free State, P. O. Box 339, ZA-9300, Bloemfontein, Republic of South Africa J. J. TERBLANS Department of Physics, University of Free State, P. O. Box 339, ZA-9300, Bloemfontein, Republic of South Africa O. M. NTWAEABORWA Department of Physics, University of Free State, P. O. Box 339, ZA-9300, Bloemfontein, Republic of South Africa H. C. SWART swarthc.sci@mail.uovs.ac.za Department of Physics, University of Free State, P. O. Box 339, ZA-9300, Bloemfontein, Republic of South Africa

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:15:y:2008:i:05:p:661-6682012-01-20RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article The adsorption of Ni atom on the Mo(110) surface has been studied within the density functional theory framework. It turned out that Ni–Mo surface alloy was formed with Ni atoms substituting Mo atom in the outermost layer. The subsurface site adsorption was found to be not preferred. Geometric analysis showed that the rumpling between substitutional Ni and Mo in the first alloy layer was about 0.108 Å at medium and low coverage (Θ). In addition, the diffusion of Ni on bare and Ni-substitutional Mo(110) surface has been investigated. It was shown that the diffusion energy barrier was reduced as the increase of coverage on bare Mo(110) surface, which supports the switch of growth mode layer-by-layer to Stranski–Krastanov as the function of coverage. Substitutional Ni atom only slightly increases the energy barrier for Ni diffusion on Mo(110) surface. Density functional theory, Mo, layer-by-layer, surface diffusion 05 2008 15 Surface Review and Letters 661 668 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X08011822 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X08011822 text/html Y. G. ZHOU Department of Applied Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China X. T. ZU xiaotaozu@yahoo.com Department of Applied Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China; International Center for Material Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110015, P. R. China J. L. NIE Department of Applied Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China H. Y. XIAO Department of Applied Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:16:y:2009:i:02:p:315-3212012-01-20RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Titanium dioxide doped Fe3+ and La3+ nano-composite films were prepared using the sol–gel method. The photo-catalytic properties were evaluated by photo-degradation of methyl orange in solution. Scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, and energy dispersive spectrometer were used to characterize the TiO2 film doped Fe3+ and La3+, indicating that the film has nano-structure, and mainly anatase crystal. It is proved that co-doped Fe3+ and La3+ can improve significantly the photo-catalytic properties of TiO2 film due to the synergistic effect of the two ions. TiO2, nano-films, sol–gel, co-doped, photo-catalysis 02 2009 16 Surface Review and Letters 315 321 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X09012652 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X09012652 text/html JING LI School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China MING-MING YAO chm_yaomm@ujn.edu.cn yaomm4364@sina.com School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China YING ZHANG School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China HUAI YANG School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:15:y:2008:i:01:p:35-402012-01-20RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article In order to investigate the electrochemical properties of Li/FeS cell, FeS powder was fabricated by using a high-energy ball milling method. Then, surface of FeS powder was coated with metallic nickel. Nickel coating was conducted by using electroless nickel plating method. Nickel chloride (NiCl2 · 6H2O) was used as the nickel ion source for electroless nickel plating. The effects of nickel coating on the electrochemical properties of FeS electrode for Li/FeS cell were investigated by CV measurement and charge/discharge tests. Then, cells for electrochemical tests were assembled by stacking a lithium anode, separator containing liquid electrolyte, and FeS cathode in turn. From the results, electroless nickel plated FeS electrode showed very high initial discharge capacity of 581 mAh/g-FeS. And also, it showed higher discharge capacity than that of bare FeS electrode until the 29th cycle. Therefore, it is found that metallic nickel gives beneficial effects on enhancing the electrical conductivity of FeS cathode material. 82.47.Cb. Electroless plating, Li/FeS battery, iron sulfide 01 2008 15 Surface Review and Letters 35 40 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X08010919 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X08010919 text/html SUNG-HYUN KIM shk5022@nate.com i-Cube Center, ITRC for Energy Storage and Conversion, Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gajwa-Dong, Jinju, Korea YOUNG-JIN CHOI gsnu11@hotmail.com i-Cube Center, ITRC for Energy Storage and Conversion, Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gajwa-Dong, Jinju, Korea DONG-HUN KIM sdh444@nate.com i-Cube Center, ITRC for Energy Storage and Conversion, Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gajwa-Dong, Jinju, Korea SUNG-HOON JUNG soccerstar99@nate.com i-Cube Center, ITRC for Energy Storage and Conversion, Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gajwa-Dong, Jinju, Korea KI-WON KIM kiwonkim@gsnu.ac.kr i-Cube Center, ITRC for Energy Storage and Conversion, Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gajwa-Dong, Jinju, Korea HYO-JUN AHN ahj@gsnu.ac.kr i-Cube Center, ITRC for Energy Storage and Conversion, Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gajwa-Dong, Jinju, Korea JOU-HYEON AHN jhahn@gsnu.ac.kr ITRC for Energy Storage and Conversion, Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gajwa-Dong, Jinju, Korea HAL-BON GU hbgu@chonnam.ac.kr Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Chonnam National University 300 Yongbong-Dong, Buk-Ku, Kwangju, Korea

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:14:y:2007:i:06:p:1073-10782012-01-20RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Two types of hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings onto carbon/carbon composite (C/C composites) substrates, deposited by plasma spraying technique, were immersed in a simulated body fluid (SBF) in order to determine their behavior in conditions similar to the human blood plasma. Calcium ion concentration, pH value, microstructure, and phase compositions were analyzed. Results demonstrated that both the crystal Ca–P phases or the amorphous HA do dissolve slightly, and the dissolution of CaO phases in SBF was evident after 1 day of soaking. The calcium-ion concentration was decreased and the pH value of SBF was increased with the increasing of the immersing time. The precipitation was mainly composed of HA, which was verified by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron-probe microanalyzer. Plasma spraying, carbon/carbon composites, hydroxyapatite coating, simulated body fluid 06 2007 14 Surface Review and Letters 1073 1078 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X07010640 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X07010640 text/html JIN-LING SUI suijinling@bipt.edu.cn Center of Engineering and Education, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, No. 19 Qingyuan North Street, Huangcun Town, Daxing District, Beijing, 102617, P. R. China WU BO Center of Engineering and Education, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, No. 19 Qingyuan North Street, Huangcun Town, Daxing District, Beijing, 102617, P. R. China ZHOU HAI Center of Engineering and Education, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, No. 19 Qingyuan North Street, Huangcun Town, Daxing District, Beijing, 102617, P. R. China NING CAO School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong, University, Jinan 250061, P. R. China MU-SEN LI School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong, University, Jinan 250061, P. R. China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:12:y:2005:i:05:p:759-7662012-01-20RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Thin films of pure silver were deposited on glass substrate by thermal evaporation process at room temperature. Surface characterization of the films was performed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Thickness of the films varied between 20 nm and 60 nm. XRD analysis provided a sharp peak at 38.75° from silver. These results indicated that the films deposited on glass substrates at room temperature are crystalline. 3D and top view pictures of the films were obtained by AFM to study the grain size and its dependency on various factors. Grain sizes were calculated using the XRD results and Scherer's formula. Average grain size increased with the thickness of the deposited films. A minimum grain size of 8 nm was obtained for 20 nm thick films, reaching a maximum value of 41.9 nm when the film size reaches 60 nm. We could not find any sequential variation in the grain size with the growth rate. Silver, grain size, atomic force microscopy, X-ray diffraction, thin films growth 05 2005 12 Surface Review and Letters 759 766 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X05007621 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X05007621 text/html MUHAMMAD MAQBOOL mmaqbool@moc.edu Department of Science and Mathematics, Mount Olive College, 634 Henderson Street, Mount Olive, NC 28365, USA TAHIRZEB KHAN Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey, Boulevard, Boston, MA 02125, USA

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:15:y:2008:i:05:p:545-5502012-01-20RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article α-Fe2O3@ATO (antimony doped tin oxide) nanocomposite particles with core–shell structure were prepared by homogeneous precipitation method using monodispersed α-Fe2O3 (hematite) nanoparticles as cores, SnCl4 · 5H2O and SbCl3 as the precursor of the shell. The morphology and structure of the nanocomposite particles were studied with transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction, respectively. The electricity properties of the nanocomposite were also investigated in terms of coating amount, molar ratio of element Sb to Sn, and heat treatment conditions. The results showed that the conditions of ATO/α-Fe2O3 (weight ratio) = 70%, n(Sb)/n(Sn) = 10%, calcined at 700°C for 1 h were optimal for the conductivity of the nanocomposite. ATO, α-Fe2O3, nanocomposite, core–shell structure, conductivity 05 2008 15 Surface Review and Letters 545 550 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X08011755 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X08011755 text/html YIN-CUN ZHU Department of Physics, Center of Functional Nanomaterials and Devices, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China JI-SEN JIANG jsjiang@phy.ecnu.edu.cn Department of Physics, Center of Functional Nanomaterials and Devices, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:13:y:2006:i:02:p:197-2002012-01-20RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article The electronic structures of L-cysteine adsorbed on Au(111)/Si(111) and $Si(111)\sqrt{3} \times \sqrt{3}-{\rm Au}$ surfaces were studied by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). L-cysteine multilayers on Au(111)/Si(111) and $Si(111)\sqrt{3} \times \sqrt{3}-{\rm Au}$ surfaces were prepared under UHV condition. L-cysteine monolayers were obtained by annealing such multilayer sample up to 130°C. In the case of the Au(111)/Si(111) surface, we observed no chemical shift and no change in the peak intensity ratios among C1s, N1s, O1s and S 2p before and after annealing. On the other hand, the component attributed to COOH group in C1s spectra decreased after annealing. In addition, O1s XPS spectra of monolayer on the $Si(111)\sqrt{3} \times \sqrt{3}-{\rm Au}$ surface was composed of two distinct peaks, which indicates that there are two kinds of O atoms in different conformations. These observations indicate that the COOH group adsorbs directly to a surface atoms and dissociate by the interaction with the substrate Si(111) trimer atoms. L-cysteine, Au(111)/Si(111), $Si(111)\sqrt{3} \times \sqrt{3}-{\rm Au}$, XPS, semiconductor 02 2006 13 Surface Review and Letters 197 200 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X06008165 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X06008165 text/html MITSUNORI HONDA Nara Institute of Science and Technology — NAIST, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan FUMIHIKO MATSUI Nara Institute of Science and Technology — NAIST, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan HIROSHI DAIMON Nara Institute of Science and Technology — NAIST, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:16:y:2009:i:06:p:797-8002012-01-20RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article The nanocomposite Al2O3–Y2O3 films were prepared on the surface of carbon steel by an electrochemical process and a sintering process. High-resolution field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize the films, indicating that the films have nanostructures and the deposited alumina layers have a composition close to the stoichiometry of Al2O3. SEM and mass gain measurement are adopted to study the oxidation resistance of films on carbon steel. It is proved that this kind of film is effective in protecting the substrate from oxidation. The mechanisms accounting for such effects have been discussed. Al2O3–Y2O3, carbon steel, electrochemical deposition, nanofilms, oxidation 06 2009 16 Surface Review and Letters 797 800 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X09013335 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X09013335 text/html FANG LI School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China MINGMING YAO chm_yaomm@ujn.edu.cn yaomm4364@sina.com School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China XUELEI PENG School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:12:y:2005:i:03:p:443-4472012-01-20RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Composite coatings containing titanium carbides and borides are produced on the surface of Ti-6Al-4V alloy by laser alloying technique. Microstructural analysis shows that coarse bulk-like and dendritic compounds are formed when alloyed with boron and carbon, separately. However, fine and uniformly distributed dendritic compounds are produced when alloyed with boron and carbon mixed powders. With microhardness of 1450–1600 HV0.1, the coatings have excellent wear resistance compared with as-received sample. Laser alloying, wear resistance, titanium carbides and borides 03 2005 12 Surface Review and Letters 443 447 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X0500727X application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X0500727X text/html Y. S. TIAN felix@sdu.edu.cn School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, P. R. China C. Z. CHEN School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, P. R. China D. Y. WANG School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, P. R. China Q. H. HUO School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, P. R. China T. Q. LEI School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:16:y:2009:i:03:p:499-5022012-01-20RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article The transmission of 60 keV O+ ions through Al2O3 nanocapillaries target in a series of different tilted angles was measured. The capillaries with diameters of 50 nm and 30 nm respectively, and 10 μm in length were used. Our results indicate the existence of guiding effect when ions through the capillary and a significant dependence of the ion transmission on the diameters of the capillaries. Nanocapillary, diameter, capillary guiding, tilted angle, angular distribution 03 2009 16 Surface Review and Letters 499 502 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X09012913 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X09012913 text/html YIFENG CHEN chenyf04@lzu.cn School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P. R. China XIMENG CHEN chenxm@lzu.edu.cn School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P. R. China FENGJUN LOU loufj06@lzu.cn School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P. R. China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:14:y:2007:i:06:p:1061-10652012-01-20RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Evolution of morphology change was investigated for ZnO nanoneedle array grown by low-temperature MOCVD. Well-aligned ZnO nanoneedle array was deposited on the ZnO buffer-film/Si substrate at temperatures below 500°C. A rod-shaped ZnO nanowire in the initial growth stage changed into needle-shaped as the deposition proceeds. ZnO nanoneedle array deposited on the annealed buffer-film showed better alignment compared to that deposited on the as-grown film. XPS analysis showed that Zn 2p peak has a single binding energy state of a stoichiometric Zn–O bond while O 1 s peak has three different chemical binding states. Highly crystalline ZnO nanoneedle array showed a strong bandedge emission at 380 nm in photoluminescence measurements. ZnO nanoneedle, photoluminescence, MOCVD, XPS 06 2007 14 Surface Review and Letters 1061 1065 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X07010639 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X07010639 text/html DONGSEOK PARK Surface Chemistry Laboratory of Electronic Materials, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 790-784, Korea YOUNGJO TAK Surface Chemistry Laboratory of Electronic Materials, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 790-784, Korea JAEHYUN KIM Surface Chemistry Laboratory of Electronic Materials, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 790-784, Korea KIJUNG YONG kyong@postech.ac.kr Surface Chemistry Laboratory of Electronic Materials, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 790-784, Korea

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:15:y:2008:i:05:p:595-5982012-01-20RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Sample preparation is an important procedure for atomic force microscope (AFM) studies. However, flexible virus particles have a tendency to aggregate together and are easily compressed during sample preparation or by AFM tip that subsequently hamper studying of virus by AFM. Herein, low concentration chemical reagent of glutaraldehyde (2%, v/v) is pre-mixed in virus suspension that facilitates the dispersion and observation of recombinant serotype 2 adeno-associated virus particles deposited on mica surface with little deformation. Adeno-associated virus (AAV), atomic force microscope (AFM), glutaraldehyde, dispersion, fixation 05 2008 15 Surface Review and Letters 595 598 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X08011688 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X08011688 text/html PENG WANG Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, P. R. China; Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China XINYAN WANG Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, P. R. China; Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China HAIJUN YANG Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, P. R. China; Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China JUNHONG LÜ jhlu@sinap.ac.cn Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, P. R. China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:14:y:2007:i:03:p:445-4492012-01-20RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Zirconium diboride is widely applied to high-temperature materials, but it is easily oxidized at high temperature. To increase the oxidation resistance of zirconium diboride at high temperature, the A1(OH)3–Y(OH)3 is coated on the ZrB2 surface to prepare A1(OH)3–Y(OH)3/ZrB2 composite particles. In this paper, the effect of coating content on the properties of A1(OH)3–Y(OH)3/ZrB2 composite particles is investigated. It is analyzed that the particle size and particle size distribution of A1(OH)3–Y(OH)3/ZrB2 composite particles is increased with the coating content. The dispersion of ZrB2 particles is largely increased with the coating content of 0%–20%; the dispersion of ZrB2 particles is similar when the coating content is from 20% to 30%. The oxidation resistance ratio of the ZrB2 particles with 30% coating content is the best than that of other conditions—it is about three times more than that of the original ZrB2 particles. Zirconium diboride, coating content, composite particles, particle size, dispersion, oxidation resistance 03 2007 14 Surface Review and Letters 445 449 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X07009530 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X07009530 text/html JIE-GUANG SONG songjieguang@yahoo.com.cn State Key Lab of Advanced Technology for Materials, Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China LIAN-MENG ZHANG State Key Lab of Advanced Technology for Materials, Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China JUN-GUO LI State Key Lab of Advanced Technology for Materials, Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China JIAN-RONG SONG State Key Lab of Advanced Technology for Materials, Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:14:y:2007:i:02:p:277-2812012-01-20RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article La modified CBTi (CLBTi) thin films were prepared on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si(100) substrates by a sol–gel technique. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that single phase of CLBTi thin films were obtained. Their crystallization and hysteresis behavior were strongly dependent on the La contents. An increase of 2Pr as well as a decrease of 2Ec with the increase of La concentration were observed. The leakage properties of CBTi thin films were found to be improved by the La doping. The results were discussed with respect to the effects of La3+ substitution at perovskite A-site. Ferroelectric thin film, bismuth layered perovskite, CaBi4Ti4O15, oxygen vacancy 02 2007 14 Surface Review and Letters 277 281 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X07009360 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X07009360 text/html YANXIA DING School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China GUANGDA HU mse_hugd@ujn.edu.cn School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China SUHUA FAN College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:14:y:2007:i:03:p:507-5152012-01-20RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article The most stable structures for the dissociation of phosphine and arsine on Ge(100)(2x1) surface have been investigated by relative total energy calculations based on Density Functional Theory. It has been found that the thermodynamically preferred structures in the dissociation path of phosphine and arsine are the same; PH2 and AsH2 products prefer to be on a single Ge dimer bond, but PH and AsH prefer to be between the adjacent Ge dimers. According to the optimization calculations, the dissociation path started with the adsorption of PH3(AsH3) on the electron deficient side of the Ge dimer bond is ended with the formation of P–P (As–As) dimers parallel to the dimers of Ge. Phosphine (PH3), arsine (AsH3), Ge(100)(2x1), adsorption, dissociation, Density Functional Theory (DFT) 03 2007 14 Surface Review and Letters 507 515 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X07009451 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X07009451 text/html ŞENAY KATIRCIOĞLU senay@metu.edu.tr Physics Department, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06531, Turkey

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:15:y:2008:i:01:p:169-1742012-01-20RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Three different electrode films of highly crystallized LiCoO2, nano-crystalline LiMn2O4 as cathode and amorphous LiNiVO4 as anode were grown on stainless steel substrates by pulsed laser deposition. Microbatteries were assembled using liquid electrode of LiPF6. The microbatteries were electrochemically tested by charge/discharge cycling and cyclic voltammetry. Both LiCoO2/LiPF6/LiNiVO4 and LiMn2O4/LiPF6/LiNiVO4 cells showed smooth charge/discharge curves. Although the cells faced a fast capacity loss in the first 10 cycles, about 20 μA/cm2 μm of discharge capacity was attainable after 20 cycles. Microbatteries, LiCoO2, LiMn2O4, LiNiVO4, capacity, pulsed laser deposition 01 2008 15 Surface Review and Letters 169 174 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X08011160 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X08011160 text/html S. B. TANG Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore M. O. LAI mpelaimo@nus.edu.sg Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore L. LU Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:14:y:2007:i:05:p:899-9022012-01-20RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article We report the effects of oxygen content on the transport properties of La0.7Ca0.3MnO3-δ thin films grown epitaxially on LaAlO3 (001) substrates by RF magnetron sputtering. The as-deposited thin films were annealed and treated by oxygen plasma to improve the oxygen content. We observe that the La0.7Ca0.3MnO3-δ films annealed at 850°C is highly oriented growth on (001) LAO substrate. However, the XRD patterns of the samples annealed at lower than 850°C show no distinct diffraction peaks. This evidence indicates that the samples annealed at lower than 850°C are still amorphous or nanocrystalline. The La0.7Ca0.3MnO3-δ films without oxygen plasma do not suffer insulator to metal transition at the temperature range from 213 to 293 K. But, at the same temperature range, for the 650°C, 750°C, and 850°C annealed samples with oxygen plasma treatment show an insulator to metal transition at 239 K, 239 K, and 257 K, respectively. Moreover, compared to without oxygen plasma treatment, the resistivity of the sample with oxygen plasma treatment is dramatically decreased. These results imply that the insulator to metal transition is strongly determined by the ratio of Mn4+/Mn3+ and the oxygen content of the films. The increases of the ratio of Mn4+/Mn3+ and the oxygen content lead to a higher insulator to metal transition temperature. La0.7Ca0.3MnO3-δ thin films, RF oxygen plasma, oxygen content, metal-insulator transition 05 2007 14 Surface Review and Letters 899 902 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X0701041X application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X0701041X text/html H. C. JIANG hcjiang@uestc.edu.cn State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China W. L. ZHANG State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China Z. C. CHEN State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China W. X. ZHANG State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China B. PENG State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:16:y:2009:i:01:p:1-32012-01-20RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article This paper reports for the first time the use of field-assisted sealing for bioactive implant coating applications. Field-assisted sealing (anodic bonding) of bioactive glass particles to bioinert glass enamel coating of titanium implant was investigated. Biocompatible titanium oxide interlayer was fabricated by deep thermal oxidation of 80 nm thick Ti thin film previously vacuum evaporated onto polished bioactive glass surface. Bioactive glass particle was anodically bonded via the interlayer to polished surface of bioinert glass enamel coating vacuum deposited onto Ti plate at 860°C. A total of 20 min preheating time with constant temperature increase rate, 5 min bonding time, and 100 V DC voltage were applied during field-assisted bond formation at 530°C in air. Field-assisted sealing, anodic bonding, bioactive glass, thin film 01 2009 16 Surface Review and Letters 1 3 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X09012457 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X09012457 text/html PIOTR MROZEK mrozek@pb.edu.pl Bialystok Technical University, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Wiejska 45C, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:13:y:2006:i:02:p:265-2712012-01-20RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article The interface between biaxially oriented poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) films and poly (styrene-co-maleic anhydride) (PSMA) was reinforced by nitrogen plasma treatment of PET film and subsequent annealing treatment of the PET/PSMA bi-material. The fracture toughness, Gc, of the interface was quantitatively measured using an asymmetric double cantilever beam test (ADCB). X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS) was used to measure the change in the surface composition of PET films upon plasma treatment and correlate the fracture toughness of the interface. The fracture energy of PET/PSMA interface is significantly enhanced by annealing the plasma treated PET with PSMA at a temperature greater than the glass transition temperature of PSMA (~ 120°C). At an annealing temperature of 150°C, Gc increases with increasing plasma treatment time and reaches a plateau value of ~ 100–120 J/m2, a two order of magnitude increase in Gc compared with that of samples annealed at 130°C. The enhancement of the adhesion is resulted from the in-situ formation of copolymers due to reaction between amine functional groups from the plasma treatment and anhydride groups from PSMA. For plasma treatment time < 10 s, scanning electron microscope (SEM) measurement show that the fracture surface is relatively smooth indicating an interfacial failure between PET/PSMA. With increasing plasma treatment time and therefore increasing the amount of nitrogen functional groups on PET surface, large plastic deformation takes place at the PET/PSMA interface. For treatment time ≥ 100–150 s, the PET/PSMA interface becomes stronger than PET bulk material and consequently crack deviates from the interface and the failure occurs within the PET film. The interlayer fracture energy of a biaxially oriented PET film can thus be quantitatively measured with a Gc value of roughly 120 J/m2. Fracture toughness, plasma treatment, poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) 02 2006 13 Surface Review and Letters 265 271 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X06008062 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X06008062 text/html CHI-AN DAI polymer@ntu.edu.tw Department of Chemical Engineering and, Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106 Taiwan, R.O.C TAI-AN TSUI Department of Chemical Engineering and, Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106 Taiwan, R.O.C YAO-YI CHENG Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, 106 Taiwan, R.O.C

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:14:y:2007:i:05:p:999-10052012-01-20RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article In this study, water swelling coefficients and activation energies for eucalyptus and poplar woods were calculated. The swelling properties of both species appear to directly proportional dependence on temperature and its directions. In the tangential direction, the swelling rate coefficients of eucalyptus ranged from 0.30 to 0.69 are greater than that of poplar which ranged from 0.24 to 0.55. In comparison to average activation energy (Ea), poplar approximately have 2.6 kJ/mole higher Ea than eucalyptus (36.7 vs 39.3 kJ/mole). The comparison and the measured results reveal that the swelling response of both woods with temperature can be quite well predicted using Arrhenius kinetic theory. Poplar, eucalyptus, swelling coefficients, activation energy, Arrhenius equation, cellulose, lignin 05 2007 14 Surface Review and Letters 999 1005 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X07010512 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X07010512 text/html H. TURGUT SAHIN sahin@orman.sdu.edu.tr Suleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forest Products Engineering, 32260 Isparta, Turkey

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:13:y:2006:i:06:p:759-7622012-01-20RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article The large area, highly uniform copper nanorod arrays with cylindrical morphology in polycarbonate membranes (PC) have been successfully prepared by electrochemical deposition. The copper nanorod arrays have the length of 3 μm, the diameter of 400 nm, approximately, which correspond closely to the pore diameter and thickness of membranes. The copper nanotubes were also obtained by controlling initial voltage and polycarbonate membranes treatment process. The possible growing mechanisms of copper nanostructures in membrane pores were discussed. Copper, nanorod arrays, nanotube, electrochemical 06 2006 13 Surface Review and Letters 759 762 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X06008815 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X06008815 text/html SHOUHONG XUE shouhongxue@sina.com School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia 014010, P. R. China; Inner Mongolia Electric Power Science and Research Institute, Inner Mongolia 010020, P. R. China ZHENGDE WANG School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia 014010, P. R. China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:15:y:2008:i:01:p:19-222012-01-20RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article A novel three-phase film with conductive acetylene black (AB) and ferroelectric phase (BaTiO3) introduced intoβ-polyvinylidene fluoride (β-PVDF) was prepared by using dip-coating method. The high dielectric constant of 650 can be obtained in the AB–PVDF/BaTiO3 composite film when AB content approached the percolation threshold (3.3 vol%), which is 40 times more than that of (PVDF + BaTiO3) matrix. The dielectric constant of the composite film is almost independent of frequency. Composites, PVDF, dielectric properties, percolation 01 2008 15 Surface Review and Letters 19 22 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X08010889 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X08010889 text/html QIAN CHEN State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China LU JIN State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China WENJIAN WENG State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China GAORONG HAN State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China PIYI DU dupy@zju.edu.cn State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:12:y:2005:i:02:p:221-2262012-01-20RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article A quantum approach is proposed to calculate the surface-induced electrical resistivity of metallic and semiconducting thin films when several subbands of Fermi participate of the electronic transport. The application of this approach to explain the experimental resistivity data of Pt and Au thin films is briefly reported. The surface-induced resistivity is calculated in detail for the particular case of semiconducting films with only one subband. Electrical resistivity of thin films, metallic and semiconducting thin films 02 2005 12 Surface Review and Letters 221 226 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X05006974 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X05006974 text/html M. CATTANI mcattani@if.usp.br Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, C.P. 66318, CEP: 05315-970, São Paulo, SP, Brazil M. C. SALVADORI Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, C.P. 66318, CEP: 05315-970, São Paulo, SP, Brazil J. M. FILARDO BASSALO Departamento de Física da UFPA — 66075-900, Guamá, Belém, Pará, Brazil

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:15:y:2008:i:05:p:605-6122012-01-20RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article In the conventional Avrami–Kolmogorov–Johnson–Mehl model, the reaction or phase transition occurring in the 2D or 3D infinite medium is considered to start and proceed around randomly distributed and/or appearing nucleation centers. The radius of the regions transformed is assumed to linearly increase with time. The Monte Carlo simulations presented, illustrate what may happen if the transformation takes place in nanoparticles. The attention is focused on nucleation on the regular surface, edge and corner sites, and on the dependence of the activation energy for elementary reaction events on the local state of the sites. Reactions in the solids, phase transitions, crystallization, nucleation, reaction fronts, nanoparticles, regular surface sites, edge and corner sites, computer simulations, 68.35.Rh, 82.65.+r, 82.40.Np, 82.20.Wt 05 2008 15 Surface Review and Letters 605 612 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X08011937 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X08011937 text/html VLADIMIR P. ZHDANOV zhdanov@catalysis.ru Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, S-41296 Göteborg, Sweden; Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:16:y:2009:i:03:p:343-3492012-01-20RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Nano copper-based catalysts were prepared by co-precipitation method and the performance of catalytic hydrogenation for methyl 3-hydroxypropionate (MHP) to 1, 3-propanediol (1, 3-PDO) on the nano catalysts were studied under a high-pressure microcontinuum fixed-bed reactor. The effects of structure, texture, and composition of the catalysts on the catalytic performance were investigated by characterizing the catalysts with XRD, TG–DTG, SEM, and N2 adsorption/desorption analysis technique. The results showed that addition of promoters enhanced the activity and selectivity of copper-based catalysts, which promoted the dispersion of the active components effectively and stabilized the active center of the catalysts. Especially, the copper-based catalyst of loaded P could restrain side-reaction effectively and improve selectivity obviously, the conversion of MHP and the selectivity of 1, 3-PDO could be 91.30% and reach 90.15%, respectively. 1, 3-propanediol, nano copper-based catalyst, methyl 3-hydroxypropionate, catalytic hydrogenation 03 2009 16 Surface Review and Letters 343 349 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X0901269X application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X0901269X text/html YUZHOU YING Institute of Industrial Catalysis, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China KANKA FENG Institute of Industrial Catalysis, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China; College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, 53 Zhengzhou Road, Qingdao 266042, People's Republic of China ZHIGUO LV guoguolv@sina.com College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, 53 Zhengzhou Road, Qingdao 266042, People's Republic of China ZHENMEI GUO College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, 53 Zhengzhou Road, Qingdao 266042, People's Republic of China JINSHENG GAO Institute of Industrial Catalysis, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:16:y:2009:i:05:p:669-6732012-01-20RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Eu3+ doped silica films have been prepared by sol–gel method and employed as luminescent down-shifting layer on the front side of a crystalline Si solar cell to improve their conversion efficiency. Measurements under standard test conditions (AM1.5, 100 mW/cm2) show the conversion efficiency of Si solar cell with silica film containing Eu3+ is improved 9.5% maximally as compared to the Si solar cell with pure silica film. However, high Eu3+ concentration is not encouraged because concentration quenching effect will decrease the efficiency of the solar cell. Solar cell, conversion efficiency, Eu3+, sol–gel method 05 2009 16 Surface Review and Letters 669 673 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X09013141 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X09013141 text/html ZUJUN CHENG Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics and Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China 200062, China LIKUN PAN lkpan@phy.ecnu.edu.cn Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics and Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China 200062, China FENFANG SU Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics and Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China 200062, China MEILING CAO Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics and Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China 200062, China ZHUO SUN Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics and Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China 200062, China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:15:y:2008:i:06:p:847-8652012-01-20RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article The electrochemical formation and reduction of O-layers on gold (111) films in 1 m sulfuric acid under different potentiodynamic routines are investigated utilizing in situ scanning tunneling microscopy. The surface dynamics is interpreted considering the anodic and cathodic reaction pathways recently proposed complemented with concurrent relaxation phenomena occurring after gold (111) lattice mild disruption (one gold atom deep) and moderate disruption (several atoms deep). The dynamics of both oxidized and reduced gold topographies depends on the potentiodynamic routine utilized to form OH/O surface species. The topography resulting from a mild oxidative disruption is dominated by quasi-2D holes and hillocks of the order of 5 nm, involving about 500–600 gold atoms each, and their coalescence. A cooperative turnover process at the O-layer, in which the anion ad-layer and interfacial water play a key role, determines the oxidized surface topography. The reduction of these O-layers results in gold clusters, their features depending on the applied potential routine. A moderate oxidative disruption produces a surface topography of hillocks and holes several gold atoms high and deep, respectively. The subsequent reduction leads to a spinodal gold pattern. Concurrent coalescence appears to be the result of an Ostwald ripening that involves the surface diffusion of both gold atoms and clusters. These processes produce an increase in surface roughness and an incipient gold faceting. The dynamics of different topographies can be qualitatively explained employing the arguments from colloidal science theory. For 1.1 V ≤ E ≅ Epzc weak electrostatic repulsions favor gold atom/cluster coalescence, whereas for E < Epzc the attenuated electrostatic repulsions among gold surfaces stabilize small clusters over the substrate producing string-like patterns. In situ STM, gold (111), gold oxide electrochemical formation and reduction, surface relaxation, clustering 06 2008 15 Surface Review and Letters 847 865 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X08012001 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X08012001 text/html M. A. PASQUALE Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas-(INIFTA), Universidad Nacional de La Plata-Consejo Nacional, de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Sucursal 4, Casilla de Correo 16, 1900 La Plata, Argentina F. J. RODRÍGUEZ NIETO Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas-(INIFTA), Universidad Nacional de La Plata-Consejo Nacional, de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Sucursal 4, Casilla de Correo 16, 1900 La Plata, Argentina A. J. ARVIA ajarvia@inifta.unlp.edu.ar Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas-(INIFTA), Universidad Nacional de La Plata-Consejo Nacional, de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Sucursal 4, Casilla de Correo 16, 1900 La Plata, Argentina

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:12:y:2005:i:01:p:85-962012-01-20RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article The effect on the vibrational properties of nanostructures at the interface between two thin films is presented. The model used consists of the coupling of two semi-infinite plans A and B having three and two atomic layers, respectively. Theoretical calculations of localized phonon modes and vibrational field were carried out using the matching procedure. Close to the interface, the transversal translational symmetry is broken down inducing Raleigh-like branches. The polarization degeneracy of the ordered surface Raleigh mode in the longitudinal direction is lifted. The presence of acoustic and optical-like phonons is discussed in terms of the elastic constant forces. The density of states and the spectral densities are presented for sample atomic sites. A hyperfine resonance structure is obtained. It allows the analysis of the dynamical evolution from thin film A to thin film B. Clusters, elastic waves, interface, nanostructures, surface phonons, 61.46.+w, 68.65.+g 01 2005 12 Surface Review and Letters 85 96 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X05006810 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X05006810 text/html H. BOUMRAR Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Quantique, Faculté des Sciences, Universite Tizi-Ouzou, 15000 Tizi-Ouzou, Algeria O. RAFIL orafil@yahoo.com Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Quantique, Faculté des Sciences, Universite Tizi-Ouzou, 15000 Tizi-Ouzou, Algeria M. TAMINE Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Quantique, Faculté des Sciences, Universite Tizi-Ouzou, 15000 Tizi-Ouzou, Algeria R. TIGRINE Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Quantique, Faculté des Sciences, Universite Tizi-Ouzou, 15000 Tizi-Ouzou, Algeria

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:12:y:2005:i:04:p:515-5182012-01-20RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Conductive transparent In2O3 thin films with (222)-preferred orientation were prepared by rapid thermal oxidation (RTO) in static air of indium thin films at condition 200°C/30 s. Detailed structural, electrical, and optical characteristics of the film are presented. The data are interpreted to give a direct bandgap of 3.6 eV and indirect bandgap of 2.5 eV. The grown In2O3 films exhibited high figure of merit and sheet resistance as low as 20 Ω/sq. in the absence of any post-deposition annealing conditions. The mobility of these films was estimated to be 31 cm2 · V-1 · s-1. These results are compared with those of In2O3 films prepared by other methods. Rapid thermal oxidation, In2O3 thin films, figure of merit 04 2005 12 Surface Review and Letters 515 518 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X05007359 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X05007359 text/html RAID A. ISMAIL raidismail@yahoo.com Applied Physics Center, Ministry of Science and Technology, Bagdad, Iraq OMAR A. ABDULRAZAQ omarsatar2003@yahoo.com NASSR State Company, Ministry of Industry and Minerals, Bagdad, Iraq KHALID Z. YAHYA khalidzakariya2004@yahoo.com School of Applied Sciences, University of Technology, Bagdad, Iraq

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:12:y:2005:i:03:p:449-4562012-01-20RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Favored structures of SiOn monolayers on Mo(112) surface have been studied using the total energy minimization technique based on DFT semirelativistic approach. In the [SiO4] complexes, which form the c(2 × 2) silica structure on the Mo(112), the bonding of the Si atoms with the surface is accomplished through the oxygen atoms. The structure with a symmetric position of oxygen atoms has been found to be the most favorable. In this structure, two oxygen atoms occupy bridge-on-row sites on the Mo(112) surface, with Si atoms between them, while oxygen atoms in the troughs appear not in expected threefold sites, but adjust their positions along the middle lines of the troughs. Estimated main phonon frequency and density of states for the symmetric [SiO4] structure agree well with experimental results. Silica adsorbed layers, low-index transition metal surfaces, molybdenum, DFT, simulations, 68.35.Bs, 71.15.-m, 68.43.Bc, 68.43.Fg, 73.20.At, 73.30.+y 03 2005 12 Surface Review and Letters 449 456 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X05007281 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X05007281 text/html I. N. YAKOVKIN yakov@iop.kiev.ua Institute of Physics of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Prospect Nauki 46, Kiev 03028, Ukraine

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:16:y:2009:i:01:p:5-102012-01-20RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article The optically induced oscillatory response of a spherical two-component, shell–core structured, nanoparticle by nodeless elastic vibrations of soft peripheral shell against hard and dynamically immobile inner core is considered. The eigenfrequencies of the even-parity, spheroidal, and odd-parity torsional vibrational modes trapped in the finite-depth shell are obtained, which are of practical interest for modal specification of individual resonances in spectra of resonant scattering of long wavelength ultrafine particles. Surface acoustic resonances, elastic shear vibrations, nanoparticles 01 2009 16 Surface Review and Letters 5 10 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X09012214 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X09012214 text/html S. I. BASTRUKOV bast@phys.nthu.edu.tw Laboratory of Informational Technologies, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia; Department of Physics and Institute of Astronomy, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan P.-Y. LAI Department of Physics and Center for Complex Systems, National Central University, Chungli 320, Taiwan I. V. MOLODTSOVA Laboratory of Informational Technologies, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia H.-K. CHANG Department of Physics and Institute of Astronomy, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan D. V. PODGAINY Laboratory of Informational Technologies, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:13:y:2006:i:04:p:503-5072012-01-20RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article It is thought that the PEO (plasma electrolysis oxidation) coatings are difficult to be prepared on the cast Al–Si alloys because these alloys contain lots of pure silicon phases. In the present study, oxide coatings with a thickness of about 10 μm were deposited on the substrate of the ZL109 Al–Si alloy by a PEO treatment. XRD showed that the phase composition of the coating was γ-Al2O3. SEM showed that the coating surface was porous, and the pore diameter was in the range of 1–5 μm. The cross-section view by EDS indicated that the coating matrix is quite dense, and there are few defects. Phosphorus from the applied electrolyte could be incorporated into the coating during the PEO process. A transitional zone with a thickness of about 3 μm was observed on the interface between the coating and substrate, and a high adhesive strength was expected. The average hardness of the coating was 576 HV0.025, which was 7.2 times higher than that of the substrate. High alloy element content of the substrate seems to have no remarkable and adverse influence on the structure and composition of the PEO coating. Plasma electrolysis oxidation, coating, phase analysis, morphology, cast Al–Si alloys 04 2006 13 Surface Review and Letters 503 507 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X06008748 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X06008748 text/html QING DONG School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Shandong Ji'nan 250061, P. R. China CHUANZHONG CHEN czchen@sdu.edu.cn School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Shandong Ji'nan 250061, P. R. China DIANGANG WANG School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Shandong Ji'nan 250061, P. R. China XUBO WANG School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Shandong Ji'nan 250061, P. R. China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:16:y:2009:i:01:p:37-422012-01-20RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Calcium phosphate and silicate-modified gold surfaces have potential applications in orthopedic and dental reconstruction, especially when combined with bone cement or dental resins. The aim of this study was to evaluate the formation of a Si–Na–Ca–P glass system nanoshell on functionalized gold nanoparticles. Stable gold nanoparticle suspensions were prepared by controlled reduction of HAuCl4 using the sodium citrate method to obtain a nanogold-mercaptopropyltrimethyloxysilane (MPTS)–silicate–tetraethylothosilicate (TEOS)-capped particle solution. The nanoshells were formed when directly reacted with a 10-4 M calcium phosphate ion solution. The median nanoparticle diameter was observed to be 15 nm. The MPTS–silicate–TEOS–functionalized nanoshell more effectively formed a glass shell as compared with a nonsilicate nanoshell. The changes in the surface morphology and composition were observed by a scanning transmission electron microscope equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. As seen using EDS, the nanoshell was in a glass phase with CaO-poor layers. Nanoparticles, bioactive, apatite, silicate, glass 01 2009 16 Surface Review and Letters 37 42 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X09012263 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X09012263 text/html CHIH-KUANG WANG Faculty of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, ROC SZU-HSIEN CHEN Faculty of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, ROC WAN-YUN LI Faculty of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, ROC CHERN-HSIUNG LAI School of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, ROC WEN-CHENG CHEN chenwc@kmu.edu.tw School of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan, ROC

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:14:y:2007:i:03:p:489-4972012-01-20RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article In this work, tribological investigations on the neat polyester (NP) and woven (600 g/m2)-glass fabric reinforced polyester (WGRP) composite were carried out. Friction and wear characteristics of the WGRP composite were measured in three principal orientations, i.e., sliding directions relative to the woven glass fabric (WGF) orientations in the composites. These are longitudinal (L), transverse (T), and parallel (P) orientations. The experiments were conducted using a pin-on-disc (POD) machine under dry sliding conditions against a smooth stainless steel counterface. Results of friction coefficient and wear resistance of the composites were presented as function of normal loads (30–100 N) and sliding distances (0.5–7 km) at different sliding velocities, 1.7, 2.8, and 3.9 m/s. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to study the mechanisms of worn surfaces. Experimental results revealed that woven glass fabric improved the tribological performance of neat polyester in all three tested orientations. In L-orientation, at a low velocity of 1.7 m/s, WGRP exhibited significant improvements to wear resistance of the polyester composite compared to other orientations. Meanwhile, at high velocities (2.8 and 3.9 m/s), T-orientation gave higher wear resistance. SEM microphotographs showed different damage features on the worn surfaces, i.e., deformation, cracks, debonding of fiber, and microcracks. Woven glass fabric, polyester, orientations, friction, wear 03 2007 14 Surface Review and Letters 489 497 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X07009487 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X07009487 text/html B. F. YOUSIF belal.f.yousif@mmu.edu.my Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Multimedia University, 75450 Melaka, Malaysia N. S. M. EL-TAYEB nabil.eltayeb@mmu.edu.my Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Multimedia University, 75450 Melaka, Malaysia

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:16:y:2009:i:04:p:635-6422012-01-20RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article An alkaline bath was developed for electroless deposition of Co–W–P thin films on a copper substrate. Effects of pH values, various concentrations of reducing agent, and different powers of ultrasonic on composition, microstructure, and magnetic properties of the films were investigated. It was found out that higher pH could improve cobalt atomic percentage and reduce amounts of phosphorus and tungsten in the film while larger amounts of NaH2PO2 would decrease the cobalt content but increase the tungsten and phosphors content. The ultrasonic was introduced during the electroless deposition. Few effects of ultrasonic on the cobalt content were observed. X-ray diffraction showed that almost all of the deposited films were crystalline and contained hexagonal cobalt with a preferred crystallographic orientation (002). However, a typical amorphous Co–W–P film, which has smooth surface, and no crystallite with definite grains could be obtained when the concentration of NaH2PO2 in the bath was over 1.2 mol/L. The films with rougher and agglomerate nodular structures would be formed in the bath with a higher pH value. Certain power (60 W, 40 kHz) of ultrasonic could smash the grains and led to the formation of a denser and smoother surface. Cracks appeared at the surface of the film when the ultrasonic power was 150 W. Vibration sample magnetometer results showed that the film with maximum magnetization (600 emu/g) and coercivity (1000 Oe) could be achieved when introducing ultrasonic (60 W, 40 kHz) during the deposition. Co–W–P thin films, electroless deposition, ultrasonic, microstructure, magnetic properties 04 2009 16 Surface Review and Letters 635 642 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X09012950 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X09012950 text/html YUNDAN YU College of Materials Science and Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hang Zhou 310018, China GUOYING WEI guoyingwei@sina.com College of Materials Science and Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hang Zhou 310018, China HONGLIANG GE College of Materials Science and Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hang Zhou 310018, China YING GAO College of Materials Science and Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hang Zhou 310018, China ZHEN ZHAO College of Materials Science and Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hang Zhou 310018, China LAN JIANG College of Materials Science and Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hang Zhou 310018, China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:12:y:2005:i:03:p:457-4622012-01-20RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article In this paper, we present a method for determining the thickness of solvation layers near spherical particles dispersed in a liquid through measurements of the viscosity of the dispersion as a function of the volume fraction of the dry particles in the dispersion and the size distribution of the particles. It is termed viscosity method. The theoretical derivation for the method is based on Einstein's theory of viscosity of dispersions, while two assumptions are made:1. Solvation layers contribute to increasing the viscosity of the dispersion in c times as the same volume of rigid solid spheres.2. The thickness of solvation layers is the same near every chemically similar spherical particle in a given dispersion. Solvation layers, viscosity of dispersions, layer thickness 03 2005 12 Surface Review and Letters 457 462 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X05007293 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X05007293 text/html SHAOXIAN SONG shaoxian@uaslp.mx Department of Resources Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Av. Heping 947, Wuhan, 430081, P. R. China; Instituto de Metalurgia, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Sierra Leona 550, San Luis Potosí, C. P. 78210, Mexico YIMIN ZHANG Department of Resources Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Av. Heping 947, Wuhan, 430081, P. R. China; Instituto de Metalurgia, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Sierra Leona 550, San Luis Potosí, C. P. 78210, Mexico TOMLINSON FORT Department of Chemical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:16:y:2009:i:02:p:215-2212012-01-20RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Mg alloys are ultralight but their structural applications are often limited by their poor wear and corrosion resistance. The research aimed to address the problem by laser-cladding. Cladding with SiC powder onto surface of AZ91D was carried out using Nd:YAG laser. The laser-clad surface was analyzed using the optical microscope, SEM equipped with EDS, and XRD and found to contain SiC and other Si compounds such as Mg2Si and Al3.21Si0.47 as well as much refined α-Mg grains and β-Mg17Al12 intermetallics. The laser-clad surface possesses considerably higher hardness but its corrosion resistance is not improved, indicating that the laser-cladding technique can only be adopted for applications in noncorrosive environments where wear is the predominant problem. Magnesium alloy, cladding, laser, silicon carbide, microhardness, corrosion 02 2009 16 Surface Review and Letters 215 221 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X09012512 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X09012512 text/html L. F. CAI Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology Center, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore C. K. MARK Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology Center, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore WEI ZHOU WZhou@Cantab.Net Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology Center, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:15:y:2008:i:05:p:641-6512012-01-20RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article In order to improve the high-temperature behaviors of hot work die steel in engineering application, the high-temperature wear and thermal fatigue behavior of brush plating Ni/nano-SiO2 composite coating have been investigated. The microstructure of Ni/nano-SiO2 composite coating has been analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). TEM observation of Ni/nano-SiO2 composite coating has shown that the added SiO2 particle with an average size of about 20 nm is uniformly distributed in Nickel matrix. The high-temperature wear behavior of Ni/nano-SiO2 composite coating has been investigated using a ball-on–block test rig. The results from the high-temperature wear behaviors studies indicate that the steady-state friction coefficient and the specific wear rate of Ni/nano-SiO2 composite coating are lower than that of Cr12MoNi steel. The thermal fatigue tests were fulfilled by heating and quenching in water at a cycle period of 2 min. The results of thermal fatigue testing show that brush plating Ni/nano-SiO2 composite coating can improve thermal fatigue resistance as compared to the Cr12MoNi hot rolling tool steel. Ni/nano-SiO2 composite coating, high-temperature wear, thermal fatigue, thermal stability 05 2008 15 Surface Review and Letters 641 651 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X0801169X application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X0801169X text/html JIANG XU xujiang73@nuaa.edu.cn Department of Material Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 29 Yudao Street, Nanjing 210016, P. R. China JIE TAO Department of Material Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 29 Yudao Street, Nanjing 210016, P. R. China CHENZHI ZHUO Department of Material Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 29 Yudao Street, Nanjing 210016, P. R. China SHUYUN JIANG Department of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Si Pai Lou, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:12:y:2005:i:05:p:793-7972012-01-20RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Thin films of Al2O3 were prepared by the sol–gel process. Dip-coating technique was used for deposition of the Al2O3 thin films onto glass substrates. Optical and structural properties of the films were investigated with respect to the annealing temperature (100–500°C). The structure of these films was determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed for the analysis of surface morphology. For determination of the optical constants of Al2O3 thin films, UV-Visible spectrophotometry measurements were carried out. Annealing temperature affects the structural and optical properties of the Al2O3 thin films. The refractive index and extinction coefficient of the films at 550 nm wavelength increase from 1.56 to 1.66, and from 3.41 × 10-5 to 5.54 × 10-5, respectively while optical band gap and thickness of the films decrease from 4.15 eV to 4.11 eV, and 360 nm to 260 nm, respectively, by increasing annealing temperature from 100°C to 500°C. Aluminum oxide, sol–gel, thin films, optical constants 05 2005 12 Surface Review and Letters 793 797 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X05007979 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X05007979 text/html F. E. GHODSI feghodsi@guilan.ac.ir Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, The University of Guilan, Namjoo Ave., P. O. Box: 41335-1914, Rasht, Iran M. MAFAKHERI Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, The University of Guilan, Namjoo Ave., P. O. Box: 41335-1914, Rasht, Iran A. NOVINROOZ Ion Beam Application Department, AEOI-NRCAM, P. O. Box: 31585-4395, Karaj, Iran

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:16:y:2009:i:01:p:123-1262012-01-20RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article The effect of annealing temperature on the magnetic and giant magnetostriction (GMS) of [Fe/Tb/Fe/Dy]n multilayer films were investigated. X-ray diffraction showed that the multilayer films' microstructures were still in amorphous at annealing temperature 300°C. The multilayer films began to crystalline at annealing temperature 400°C. The saturation magnetization of multilayer films increased by the increasing annealed temperature. The coercivity first decreased at annealing temperature 300°C and then increased when the annealing temperature was higher than 400°C. The multilayer films had good low-field GMS, and the magnetostriction of the multilayer films increased by the increasing annealing temperature. Giant magnetostriction, terfenol-D, [Fe/Tb/Fe/Dy]n multilayer film 01 2009 16 Surface Review and Letters 123 126 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X0901238X application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X0901238X text/html X. D. LI Department of Physics, Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China Z. J. ZHAO zjzhao@mail.ecnu.edu.cn Department of Physics, Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China T. FENG Department of Physics, Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China L. K. PAN Department of Physics, Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China S. M. HUANG Department of Physics, Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China Y. W. CHEN Department of Physics, Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China Z. SUN zsun@mail.ecnu.edu.cn Department of Physics, Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:15:y:2008:i:06:p:717-7252012-01-20RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article The processes of nickel electrodeposition on Pt/Si(100) substrate from an aqueous sulfate, Watts, and chloride solution have been studied using electrochemical techniques and atomic force microscopy (AFM). It was found that hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) was shifted more cathodically and the nickel electrodeposition obeys to inhibition process, caused by adsorbed species in surface substrate. At early stage of the deposition chronoamperometric results were compared with Sharifker and Hills theoretical model. The nucleation was in agreement with progressive mode followed by 3D diffusion growth mechanism. The nucleation is generally slow at low over potentials, in all studied baths. AFM images show distribution nickel clusters, with different sizes. Deposition, diffusion, atomic force microscopy, growth 06 2008 15 Surface Review and Letters 717 725 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X08012165 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X08012165 text/html A. SAHARI sahariali2000@yahoo.com Laboratoire d'Energétique et d'Electrochimie du Solide, Université de Sétif, 19000 Algérie, Algeria A. AZIZI Laboratoire d'Energétique et d'Electrochimie du Solide, Université de Sétif, 19000 Algérie, Algeria G. SCHMERBER Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504 du CNRS-ULP-ECPM, 23 rue du Loess, B. P. 43, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France A. DINIA Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504 du CNRS-ULP-ECPM, 23 rue du Loess, B. P. 43, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:15:y:2008:i:06:p:833-8392012-01-20RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article The properties of the cotton fabric with water-repellence finishing by sol method with the hexadecyltrimethoxysilane as additive were observed. The cotton fabrics were immersed in the prepared sols with double dip and double nip dried at 90°C, annealed at 160°C for 3 min. The water repellence and the physical properties such as gas permeability, bending properties, beetling properties, tensile strength, elongation at break, abrasion resistance, and anti-crease properties of the cotton fabrics were investigated. The results showed that anti-crease and tensile strength were improved. However, the abrasion resistance of the cotton fabrics decreased in some way. Both the bending and beetling properties measurement proved that the handle of the treated cotton fabrics changed stiffness. For the dyed fabrics by the water-repellent finishing, the hue was slightly changed, the deeper color was achieved. There is no adverse effect for treated fabric by water-repellent finishing on the fastness. Sol–gel process, water-repellent finishing, hexadecyltrimethoxysilane, fabric properties, cotton 06 2008 15 Surface Review and Letters 833 839 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X08012025 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X08012025 text/html CHAOXIA WANG wangchaoxia@sohu.com Laboratory of Science & Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China MAO LI Laboratory of Science & Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China MIN WU Laboratory of Science & Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China LI CHEN Laboratory of Science & Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:16:y:2009:i:05:p:645-6522012-01-20RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article In this study, a thermodynamic analysis is conducted to investigate the chemical effect, in terms of intrinsic contact angle (CA), on the superhydrophobic behavior. It is theoretically revealed that the essential effect of intrinsic CA is to promote the composite transition. In particular, a large intrinsic CA more than 90° is necessary for such transition. Furthermore, for a pillar system with an intrinsic CA smaller than 90°, composite states are not impossible but is thermodynamically unstable. Once composite states are achieved, the advancing or maximum CA always approaches 180° whether an intrinsic CA is larger or smaller than 90°. In addition, the role of intrinsic CA in the water-repellent or self-cleaning behavior such as contact angle hysteresis (CAH) and equilibrium CA has been discussed in detail. Wetting, contact angle, chemical effect 05 2009 16 Surface Review and Letters 645 652 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X09013281 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X09013281 text/html Y. P. ZHOU Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China Z. W. LIN School of Automation, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China J. BROWN Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:13:y:2006:i:04:p:387-3952012-01-20RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article The electronic structure of S adsorption on goethite (110) surface has been studied by ASED-MO cluster calculations. For S location, the most exposed surface atoms of goethite surface were selected. The calculations show that the surface offers several places for S adsorption. The most energetically stable system corresponds to S location above H atom.We studied in detail the configurations that correspond to the higher OP values. For these configurations, the H-S and Fe-S computed distances are 2.1 and 3.7 Å, respectively. The H-S and Fe-S are mainly bonding interaction with OP values of 0.156 and 0.034, respectively. The Fe-S interaction mainly involves Fe 3dx2-y2 atomic orbitals with lesser participation of Fe 4py and Fe 3dyz atomic orbitals. The O-S interaction shows the same bonding and antibonding contributions giving a small OP value. The O-S interaction involves O 2p orbitals. There is an electron transfer to the Fe atom from the S atom. On the other hand, there is an electron transfer to S atom from the H and O atoms, respectively. Odorization, natural gas, goethite, sulfur, adsorption 04 2006 13 Surface Review and Letters 387 395 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X06008359 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X06008359 text/html S. SIMONETTI Departamento de Mećanica, Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, 11 de Abril 446, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina; Departamento de Física, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Av. Alem 1253, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina D. DAMIANI ddamiani@criba.edu.ar Departamento de Ing. Química, PLAPIQUI-UNS, CONICET, 8000 Bah½a Blanca, Argentina G. BRIZUELA Departamento de Física, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Av. Alem 1253, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina A. JUAN cajuan@criba.edu.ar Departamento de Física, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Av. Alem 1253, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:15:y:2008:i:06:p:919-9252012-01-20RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article The tribo-performance of a new engineering composite material based on coconut fibers was investigated. In this work, coconut fibers reinforced polyester (CFRP) composites were developed. The tribo-experiments were conducted by using pin-on-disc machine under dry and wet sliding contact condition against smooth stainless steel counterface. Worn surfaces were observed using optical microscope. Friction coefficient and specific wear rate were presented as a function of sliding distance (0–0.6 km) at different sliding velocities (0.1–0.28 m/s). The effect of applied load and sliding velocity was evaluated. The results showed that all test parameters have significant influence on friction and wear characteristics of the composites. Moreover, friction coefficient increased as the normal load and speed increased, the values were about 0.7–0.9 under dry contact condition. Meanwhile, under wet contact condition, there was a great reduction in the friction coefficient, i.e. the values were about 0.1–0.2. Furthermore, the specific wear rates were found to be around 2–4 (10-3) mm3/Nm under dry contact condition and highly reduced under wet condition. In other words, the presence of water as cleaner and polisher assisted to enhance the adhesive wear performance of CFRP by about 10%. The images from optical microscope showed evidence of adhesive wear mode with transition to abrasive wear mode at higher sliding velocities due to third body abrasion. On the other hand, optical images for wet condition showed less adhesive wear and smooth surfaces. Coconut fiber, polyester, friction, wear, sliding velocity 06 2008 15 Surface Review and Letters 919 925 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X08012116 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X08012116 text/html D. DANAELAN Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Multimedia University, Jalan Ayer Keroh Lama, 75450, Melaka, Malaysia B. F. YOUSIF Belal.f.yousif@mmu.edu.my belalyousif@yahoo.com Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Multimedia University, Jalan Ayer Keroh Lama, 75450, Melaka, Malaysia

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:14:y:2007:i:05:p:873-8782012-01-20RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Surface morphology and crystallinity of YVO4:Sm3+ thin films have an influence on the photoluminescence characteristics. The YVO4:Sm3+ films have been deposited on Al2O3 (0001) substrates using pulsed laser deposition method. The films were grown at the various substrate temperatures changing from 500 to 700°C. The crystallinity and surface morphology of the films were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), respectively. The results of XRD showed that YVO4:Sm3+ films had a zircon structure and AFM study revealed that the films consisted of homogeneous grains ranging from 100 to 400 nm depending on the deposition conditions. The photoluminescence spectra were measured at room temperature and the emitted radiation was dominated by the red emission peak at 620 nm radiated from the transition of 5D0-7F2. The crystallinity, surface morphology, and photoluminescence spectra of thin-film phosphors were highly dependent on the substrate temperature. The surface roughness and photoluminescence intensity of the films showed similar behavior as a function of substrate temperature. YVO4:Sm3+, thin-film phosphors, surface morphology, photoluminescence 05 2007 14 Surface Review and Letters 873 878 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X07010548 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X07010548 text/html HYUN KYOUNG YANG Department of Physics, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea JONG WON CHUNG Department of Physics, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea BYUNG KEE MOON Department of Physics, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea BYUNG CHUN CHOI Department of Physics, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea JUNG HYUN JUNG jhjeong@pknu.ac.kr Department of Physics, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea SOUNG SOO YI Department of Electronic Material Engineering, Silla University, Busan 617-736, Republic of Korea JUNG HWAN KIM Department of Physics, Dong Eui University, Busan 614-714, Republic of Korea KWANG HO KIM School of Materials Science and Engineering, Busan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:13:y:2006:i:04:p:519-5242012-01-20RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article The PVD-TiN film was implanted with titanium ions and the improvement in surface wear resistance was investigated. Ti ion implantation was done using a metal vapor vacuum arc (MEVVA) ion source with an implantation dose of 2 × 1016 ions/cm2 and at an extraction voltage of 48 kV. The wear characteristics of the implanted zone was measured and compared to the performance of the unimplanted zone by a pin-on-disc apparatus and an optical interference microscope. The structure of the implanted zone and unimplanted one was observed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A dynamic TRIM called TRIDYN was used to calculate the concentration depth profile of implanted Ti in TiN to investigate the profile of multi-charge state ions. The results showed that the improved wear resistance of the TiN film was mainly due to the presence of nano-order TiN crystal grains after Ti ion implantation. TiN, ion implantation, wear resistance, XPS, TEM, TRIDYN 04 2006 13 Surface Review and Letters 519 524 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X06008463 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X06008463 text/html J. H. YANG yang.yangyangj@163.com School of Science, Nantong University, Jiangsu 226007, P. R. China; Radiation Beam and Materials Engineering Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China M. F. CHENG School of Science, Nantong University, Jiangsu 226007, P. R. China X. D. LUO School of Science, Nantong University, Jiangsu 226007, P. R. China T. H. ZHANG Radiation Beam and Materials Engineering Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:15:y:2008:i:05:p:625-6332012-01-20RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article This work aims to investigate the effect of two different counterdisc materials, i.e. gray cast iron (GCI) and ductile gray cast iron (DGCI) on tribo behavior of non-commercial frictional materials (NF1, NF2, NF4, and NF5) and two other chosen commercial brake pads (CMA and CMB) under dry sliding contact conditions. The four non-commercial frictional materials were fabricated with various percentages of phenolic binder resin (15 and 20 vol.%) and reinforced with steel fibers (15 and 20 vol.%) using hot press molding methods. Tribo tests were carried out using a small-scale tribo-tester of pad-on-disc type. Friction coefficient and wear of non-commercial and commercial brake pads were measured against each counterdisc (GCI and DGCI) and compared. Then, the friction and wear characteristic are discussed by comparing the experimental results obtained for each kind of cast iron.The results showed that maximum friction coefficient (0.4–0.5) of brake pad was attained at 2.22 MPa applied pressure and 2.1 m/s sliding speed when the frictional brake pad materials were tested against DGCI disc rotor. Meanwhile, similar wear rates for all frictional brake pad materials were sustained at higher applied pressure and sliding speed when tested against either type of rotor discs (GCI and DGCI).The results on the other hand, indicated that non-commercial materials NF1 and NF4, gave better wear resistance compared to other frictional pad materials. NF2 exhibited the lowest wear resistance when tested against GCI and DGCI rotor disc at all applied pressure and sliding speeds. The latter result is referred to the low percentage binder resin in the friction material NF2. Brake pads, rotor disc, cast iron, friction, wear 05 2008 15 Surface Review and Letters 625 633 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X08011925 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X08011925 text/html K. W. LIEW liew.kiawai@honda.net.my Training Center, Honda Malaysia Sdn. Bhd., Hicom Industrial Park Pegoh, P. O. Box 70, 78000 Alor Gajah, Melaka, Malaysia N. S. M. EL-TAYEB nabil.eltayeb@mmu.edu.my Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Multimedia University, Jalan Ayer Keroh lama, 75450, Melaka, Malaysia

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:13:y:2006:i:01:p:27-332012-01-20RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article The adsorption and the growth of ZnO on α-Al2O3(0001) surface at various temperatures are theoretically calculated by using a plane wave pseudopotentials (USP) method based on density functional theory. The average adsorption energy of ZnO at 400, 600, and 800°C is 4.16±0.08, 4.25±0.11, and 4.05±0.23 eV, respectively. Temperature has a remarkable effect on the structure of the surface and the interface of ZnO/α-Al2O3(0001). It is found that the Zn-hexagonal symmetry deflexion does not appear during the adsorption growth of ZnO at 400°C, and that the ${\rm ZnO}[10\overline{1}0]$ is parallel with the $[10\overline{1}0]$ of the α-Al2O3(0001), which is favorable for forming the ZnO film with the Zn-terminated surface. It can be observed from our simulation that there are two surface structures in the adsorption of ZnO at 600°C: one is the ZnO surface that has the Zn-terminated structure, and whose $[10\overline{1}0]$ parallels with the substrate surface $[10\overline{1}0]$, and the other is the ZnO $[10\overline{1}0]$// sapphire $[11\overline{2}0]$ with the O-terminated surface. The energy barrier of the phase transition between the two different surface structures is about 1.6 eV, and the latter is more stable. Therefore, the ideal temperature for the thin film growth of ZnO on sapphire is about 600°C, and it facilitates the formation of wurtzite structure containing Zn-O–Zn-O–Zn-O double layers as a growth unit cell. At 600°C, the average bond length of ZnO is 0.190±0.01 nm, and the electron localization function value indicates that the bond of (substrate) –O–Zn–O has a distinct covalent character, whereas the (Zn)O–Al (substrate) shows a clear character of ionic bond. However, at the temperature of 800°C, the dissociation of Al and O atoms on the surface of the α-Al2O3(0001) leads to a disordered surface and interface structure. Thus, the Zn-hexagonal symmetry structure of the ZnO film is not observed under the condition. ZnO, α-Al2O3(0001) surface, adsorption, density functional calculations, 7115Q, 3450D, 8265J 01 2006 13 Surface Review and Letters 27 33 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X06007883 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X06007883 text/html CHUN YANG yangc@263.net The Key Laboratory of Computer Software Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, P. R. China; Institute of Microelectronics and Solid State Electronics, University of Electronic Science Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China YU YI Institute of Chemistry, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, P. R. China Y. R. LI Institute of Microelectronics and Solid State Electronics, University of Electronic Science Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P. R. China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:14:y:2007:i:04:p:719-7232012-01-20RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Raman spectroscopy, which is a non-destructive technique, has been used to investigate the effect of sample temperature on indentation-induced crystallographic phase transitions in crystalline silicon and amorphous silicon films deposited on a sapphire crystal. It has been shown that in both types of sample, whereas 300 K Vickers diamond indentations lead to the transformation to the Si-II phase during indenter loading on the crystalline and amorphous samples, there is no such transformation in either sample when it is cooled down to 77 K. An explanation of the experimental results has been provided using the pressure–temperature phase diagram of silicon. Si(100), amorphous silicon, indentation, phase transition, temperature effects, phase diagram of silicon 04 2007 14 Surface Review and Letters 719 723 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X07009992 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X07009992 text/html M. M. CHAUDHRI mmc11@cam.ac.uk Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK M. M. O. KHAYYAT Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK D. G. HASKO Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:12:y:2005:i:05:p:675-6792012-01-20RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Platinum and gold thin films have been fabricated by filtered vacuum arc deposition perpendicularly on rough silicon and glass substrates. Four sets of samples have been prepared with different thickness (d). Two sets were very thin films of Pt (1.31 ≤ d ≤ 11.66 nm) and Au (1.77 ≤ d ≤ 10.46 nm) and two sets were thicker films also of Pt (7 ≤ d ≤ 80 nm) and Au (34 ≤ d ≤ 200 nm). The roughness mean-square ω of the films have been measured, as a function of the film thickness d, by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). We verified that the dynamical scaling relation ω(t) ~ tβ, where β is the growth exponent, is obeyed for the thicker films but it is not obeyed for the very thin films. These cases are analyzed taking into account the films growth theory. Surface roughness of metallic thin films, dynamical scaling relations 05 2005 12 Surface Review and Letters 675 679 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X05007645 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X05007645 text/html M. CATTANI mcattani@if.usp.br Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, C. P. 66318, CEP 05315-970, São Paulo, SP, Brazil M. C. SALVADORI Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, C. P. 66318, CEP 05315-970, São Paulo, SP, Brazil

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:14:y:2007:i:04:p:617-6212012-01-20RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article A detailed quantitative investigation of the current–voltage (I–V) relationship under the low and the high electric field in the La0.8Ca0.2MnO3/PbZr0.2Ti0.8O3/Si heterostructure over a wide range of temperature was performed. The effective mobility and carrier concentration were then calculated through the electric field effect theory. The differential mobility can be modulated and enhanced significantly by the gate voltage in the vicinity of the metal–insulator-transition temperature. The carrier concentration is proportional to the applied gate voltage. At the room temperature the carrier concentration is found to be 2.5 × 10-9 under 10 V bias and remains almost unchanged at different temperatures. Heterostructure, electric field effect, mobility, carrier concentration 04 2007 14 Surface Review and Letters 617 621 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X07009785 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X07009785 text/html ZHANG WEI WEI Physics Department, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, P. R. China WANG LI FENG Physics Department, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, P. R. China ZHOU YU QING Physics Department, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, P. R. China ZHU MING Physics Department, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, P. R. China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:14:y:2007:i:06:p:1191-11982012-01-20RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article The adsorption of atomic hydrogen on Cu(111) has been studied using the techniques of helium atom scattering (HAS) and medium-energy ion scattering (MEIS). Ion scattering investigations of the saturated (3 × 3)-H/Cu(111) system indicate that no reconstruction of the Cu substrate exists along the high symmetry directions of the surface. The HAS hydrogen cross-section for H/Cu(111) has been determined to be (12.5 ± 2.5 Å2). The symmetry of the HAS diffraction pattern shows that the (3 × 3)-H/Cu(111) system is formed of a single domain structure. Hydrogen, copper, (3 × 3)-H/Cu(111), helium atom scattering, HAS, medium-energy ion scattering, MEIS 06 2007 14 Surface Review and Letters 1191 1198 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X07010792 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X07010792 text/html I. G. SHUTTLEWORTH shuttleworth.ian@gmail.com Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:15:y:2008:i:01:p:133-1382012-01-20RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Carbon-coated lithium ion phosphate was synthesized from a gel precursor with ferric iron and a carbon source of organic chelating agent via a sol–gel method. The dependence of the microstructure and electrochemical performance of the synthesized LiFePO4/C on the pH value of the precursor solution during gel formation and the sintering time was investigated. The obtained LiFePO4/C particles were characterized by X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and element analysis. The results show that the pH value has little effect on the phase purity. At a sintering temperature of 700°C, the discharge capacity of LiFePO4/C under 0.1 C (1 C = 170 mA/g) regime decreased from 152.8 to 62.5 mAh/g with decreasing the sintering time from 12 h to 8 h. Appropriate sintering time can lead to well-crystallized LiFePO4/C, which improves the electrochemical performance. LiFePO4/C, sol–gel, pH, sintering time 01 2008 15 Surface Review and Letters 133 138 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X08011111 application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X08011111 text/html YAN LIN Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China HONGGE PAN hgpan@zju.edu.cn Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China MINGXIA GAO Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China HE MIAO Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China SHOUQUAN LI Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China YUE WANG Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China

oai:RePEc:wsi:srlxxx:v:14:y:2007:i:06:p:1121-11282012-01-20RePEc:wsi:srlxxx

article Buffer is often involved in the biological studies on a surface with the scanning probe microscopy and the remnant of the salts of buffer may affect the correct interpretation of the experimental results. However, the knowledge on the performance of chemicals of buffer on a substrate is still very poor. TE solution (Tris–HCl, NaCl, and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA)) is a widely used buffer in stocking biological molecules. Herein, we report the performance of the precipitated chemicals from TE solution on two typical substrates with several commonly used sample preparation methods. The results showed that the chemicals in TE solution could self-organize into parallel nanofilaments on hydrophobic highly oriented pyrolitic graphite (HOPG) surface by blotting the shortly incubated solution droplet from the substrate or by drying the diluted solution droplet naturally. In contrast, no such special structures were observed on hydrophilic mica using the same methods. By imaging in TE solutions, no special structures were found on either the HOPG or the mica. Moreover, the effects of the concentration of chemicals of TE buffer on the morphology of precipitated chemicals were also investigated. Buffer, morphology, highly oriented pyrolitic graphite (HOPG), mica, atomic force microscopy 06 2007 14 Surface Review and Letters 1121 1128 http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=pdf&id=pii:S0218625X0701069X application/pdf http://www.worldscinet.com/cgi-bin/details.cgi?type=html&id=pii:S0218625X0701069X text/html HUABIN WANG Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, P. R. China; Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China LIJUAN ZHANG Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, P. R. China; Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China FENG ZHANG Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, P. R. China HONGJIE AN Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300040, P. R. China SHIMOU CHEN Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, P. R. China; Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China HAI LI Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, P. R. China; Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China PENG WANG Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, P. R. China; Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China XINYANG WANG